Types Of Social Identity Research Articles

Beyond disdain: Measurement and consequences of negative partisanship as a social identity

Negative partisanship, voters’ rejection of a party, increasingly garners scholarly attention. Yet we lack robust empirical evidence on the nature of the concept and how it shapes attitudes towards citizens of the “other side” of politics. In this paper I argue negative partisanship should be conceptualised as a type of social identity, beyond a mere “dislike” of a party. Leveraging a three-wave online panel administered during the 2021 German federal elections, I test the measurement properties of a multi-item scale measuring negative party identification. Further, I examine the effects of negative identities on attitudes towards other citizens by combining the online panel with a nine-country survey. I find that negative identification is at least as stable as (positive) partisanship and it predicts hostile attitudes towards out-voters. These findings suggest that, when dislike of a party becomes part of one’s sense of self, the consequences for social cohesion are particularly egregious.

Who seeks and shares misinformation about politicians? Focusing on the roles of party- and politician-level social identities

Although numerous studies have explained the flow of misinformation, finding studies that theoretically examine the psychological factors related to individuals’ information behaviours is difficult. Social media data or meta-level analyses have limitations in providing an understanding of behaviours and processes at the individual level. Accordingly, this study aims to construct a predictive model for biased information seeking and sharing as a response to misinformation, which is information without the certainty of its truth, through a survey ( N = 602). Applying social psychological concepts (i.e. social identity theory), two types of social identities were proposed as key factors of biased information seeking and sharing in the research model. Our model allows forecasting of what types of individuals are more likely to skip the fact-checking process and share misinformation.

How servant leadership predicts employee resilience in public organizations: a social identity perspective.

Through the lens of social identity theory, this work aims to investigate the impact of servant leadership on employee resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore their underlying mechanisms through two types of social identity: organizational identification and professional identity. To test our hypotheses, an online survey was conducted via a large number of 703 employees working in public organizations in southwest China. Results yielded from the structural equation modeling analysis via AMOS (24.0) indicated that the effect of servant leadership on employee resilience was fully mediated by organizational identification and professional identity, respectively. Besides, the association between servant leadership and employee resilience was sequentially mediated from organizational identification to professional identity, and from professional identity to organizational identification. This study provides the first evidence of the predictive effect of servant leadership on employee resilience through organizational identification and professional identity, highlighting the significance of social identity for building and maintaining employees' resilience in coping with challenges posed by COVID-19.

The Impact of Students’ Social Identity on Psycho-Social Adaptation during the Period of a Difficult Educational Transition

Background: Students' adaptation to the educational institution's social environment during difficult educational transitions is an important indicator of their success. Students can achieve full adaptation by identifying themselves with the social environment of the higher educational institution that is provided the developed social identity. So, the study aimed to empirically identify the psycho-social adaptation of students with different types of social identity during the transition to study in a higher educational institution.
 Methods: The research used standardized psychodiagnostic methods-questionnaires: "Methodology for studying social identity Schneider, L.B., & Khrustaleva, V. V.", " Methods of diagnostics socio-psychological adaptation of Karl Rogers and Rozalin Diamond (adaptation of A. Osnizkij)", " Method of Research of Students Adaptability in the Higher Educational Establishment T.D. Dubovitskaya, A.V. Krylova".
 Results: The obtained results revealed that students with a high level of positive identity have the highest indicators of socio-psychological adaptation and adaptability to higher educational institutions (p≤0.001). Students with identity diffusion have low socio-psychological adaptation and adaptability to learning (p≤0.001). The correlation analysis revealed statistically significant (p≤0.001) correlations between the type of social identity and adaptability to higher educational institutions. Correlations were also found at a high level of significance (p≤0.001) between the type of social identity and socio-psychological adaptation of students. It is empirically proven that the type of social identity affects the psychosocial adaptation of students during a difficult educational transition. Students with a high level of identity have a high psychosocial adaptation and adaptability to higher educational institutions.
 Further Implementation: The obtained results will contribute to developing a system for improving the psycho-social adaptation of students during the difficult educational transition through the development of social identity.

Flourishing Privately but Languishing Publicly: Ethnic Identity's Contribution to Understanding Eudaimonic Wellbeing.

The paper probes the meaning of wellbeing by examining whether ethnic identity is related to private and public conceptualisations of eudaimonic wellbeing. Private and public eudaimonic wellbeing are assessed as positive relations with others and social integration. Ethnic identity is a type of social identity that is meaningful in contexts of enduring inter-ethnic group contact. Fiji and Trinidad and Tobago (TT), nations with contact between two major ethnic groups for over a century, are the contexts for a preliminary exploration. Young adults (Fiji N = 38, 19-26 years old; TT N = 41, 18-25 years old) completed measures of positive relations with others (private eudaimonic wellbeing), social integration (public eudaimonic wellbeing), and ethnic identity development. Across the nations, a stronger sense of ethnic identity, or commitment to the ingroup, predicted better positive relations with others but worse social integration. Ethnic identity thus seems to be a key construct in understanding positive private, but negative public eudaimonic wellbeing among young adults in contexts of ethnic diversity. Findings are discussed by considering how implications of ethnic diversity (competitive inter-group relations, inter-group contact making ethnic group membership salient) might be related to ethnic identity development, and private and public eudaimonic wellbeing.

Social Identities in the Policy Process of Authoritarian Systems

The integration of the social–psychological social identity approach to policy process research has recently generated new insights on policy-making. Empirical applications for established democracies and multilevel settings such as the European Union have identified five general types of social identities that are relevant for the preferences and behavior of policy actors and their stability and change over time. Social identities are based on joint memberships in social groups, such as organizations, demographic/biographical identities, sectors, locations, and informal opportunities for exchange (which may result in programmatic groups and identities). Some of these social groups, above all pluralistic interest associations and political parties, are directly related to the settings of embedded democracies. This article sheds light on the traveling capacity of the Social Identities in the Policy Process (SIPP) perspective by applying it to the Russian political system. An analysis of policy actors’ social identities in two federal ministries shows that in autocracies, interest intermediation, legitimacy, and influence on policy processes run through professional and informal groups when competing organizations and democratic institutions are absent. The results indicate that the SIPP perspective is adaptable to policy processes in different contexts but that the importance of identity types varies.

Emotion, rationality, and social identity: a theoretical-methodological proposal for a cognitive approach.

Humberto Maturana's biology of cognition and the studies of neuroscientist Antonio Damasio have proposed theories that indicate the role of emotion in cognitive processes. Emotion lies at the basis of any behavior. An emotional transition defines a transition from one domain of actions to the other, while emotions shared in human interaction define collective domains of action and thus also social identity. In this case, they may give rise to operational coherences within the same domain of action which is recognized as "rationality". The transition from one operational coherence to another within the same rationality does not therefore entail an emotional transition. This article uses this theoretical framework to propose an interpretation of the phenomenon of social identity and distinguishes social identities based only on emotions from those related to operational coherence. We call the former type of social identity "ontological", while the latter is referred to as "formal". To empirically prove the theoretical proposal of the article, the concept of metacontrast found in social self-categorization theory and its quantification elaborated by Alberto Voci are used. According to the social self-categorization theory, the greater the distance between two groups' visions of the world, the greater the metacontrast between them. Using our model, metacontrast must thus be greater for ontological social identity and less for formal social identity. Our hypothesis was confirmed by the data. This outcome allows huge applications of the methodology proposed, as exemplified in the final considerations.

Религиозная идентичность городского населения Дагестана в структуре социальной идентичности.

The article deals with the manifestation of the religious identity of the urban population of Dagestan. The obtained empirical data show the dominance of the Republican type of social identity with a large preponderance in the mass consciousness of the respondents. The author's hypothesis about the importance of religious identity for respondents was not confirmed by the results of the study, because the designation of unity with co-religionists by respondents prevails only in a subgroup of convinced believers. In addition, the awareness of community with representatives of their ethnic community is of great importance for citizens. At the same time, the study revealed contradictory behavior of citizens: for example, the study of the religious identity of the urban population indicates the prevalence of the importance of religious affiliation. In addition, empirical data shows the existence in the attitudes of citizens of the consideration of religion as an integral part of ethno-culture, which is quite natural in the observed synthesis of ethnic and religious factors in the form of ethno-confessional identity. The level of trust in various social spheres, in particular religious institutions, contributes to the formation of a positive religious identity to a certain extent. The survey data indicates a weak level of trust in co-religionists, while at the same time its high manifestation to the near radius.

Understanding the role of organizational personality and social identity concerns on initial recruitment outcomes

For many job seekers, organizational affiliation can act as a signal of their values and goals. According to theory of symbolic attraction (TSA), job seekers are attracted to organizations with symbolic images (i.e., organizational personality) that help them portray a certain type of social identity. However, studies have found mixed support for TSA and this may be attributed to a lack of a broad and theoretically-based taxonomy of organizational personality. As such, we drew on multiple theoretical perspectives from the social judgment literature to develop an alternative two-factor organizational personality taxonomy. Across three studies, we first created and validated a scale to reliably and validly measure organizational personality. Then, we showed that active job seekers with different social identity needs are indeed attracted to companies that differ along the two dimensions of the new taxonomy (i.e., warmth and competence) using LinkedIn job advertisements. Finally, we used computer-aided text analysis (CATA) to index organizational personality from company mission statements but found only partial support for TSA in a sample of engineering job seekers. We contribute to the recruitment literature by exploring why certain job seekers are initially attracted to different types of organizations and discuss how TSA can be further developed and refined. Practically, our results highlight the potential utility of organizations signaling images that resonate with job seekers' social identity concerns early on in the recruitment process.

Гражданская и этническая идентификации региональной молодежи Республики Казахстан

Kazakhstan is transitioning to a national state as a new subject of sovereignty. In the Kazakhstan’s case, the national-state construction has received an ethnolinguistic connotation and symbolizes the Kazakh nation’s revival. This complicates the formation of a new national identity on a civil basis and leads to the strengthening of ethnic identifications among younger people, especially in the Kazakh-speaking regions. This highlights the need to study the role and influence which the modal tendencies of nation building have on identification of the regional youth. Meanwhile, the key dimensions of young people’s life include social disorder and insecurity, which, combined with the uncertain prospects of education and employment, worsen social sentiment and complicate their self-identification in this environment. This, in fact, determines the relevance of this study, as well as its scientific and practical significance. The purpose of this article involves a comparative analysis of the role and influence of modal tendencies of nation building in Kazakhstan on the formation of certain types of social identity, namely, civil and ethnic — youth living in various regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The empirical basis of the article includes the results of a survey of young people aged 15-29 years conducted in all the regions of Kazakhstan from 23 April to 6 May 2016. These results show the role and influence of modal trends in nation building on identification processes in regional youth groups and the ethnic conflict potential. The author highlights the specifics of the existing risks associated with the growth of ethnic identity of the young residents of Kazakhstan in the context of potential social and political consequences for the republic.

Множественные идентичности, аккультурация и адаптация русских в Латвии и Грузии

The article presents the results of a comparative study examining the relationship between different types of social identity (ethnic, national, and place identity), acculturation strategies (assimilation, integration), and psychological adaptation (satisfaction with life and self-esteem) of Russians in two sociocultural contexts: Latvia and Georgia. Participants were 320 Russians in Latvia (M = 42,89; SD = 21,19), and 312 Russians in Georgia (M = 31,11; SD = 11,67). Path analysis was used to test the relationships. The results showed that national and place identities related to integration in both countries. Direct effects of place identity on psychological well-being are universal for the studied countries, while relationships of national and ethnic identities with well-being are context specific. Indirect positive effects of national and place identities on self-esteem through integration are universal in Latvia and Georgia.

I am one of them: Examining crisis communication from an intergroup communication approach

AbstractThis study took an intergroup communication approach and examined how two types of social identities, namely organizational identity and shared ethnic identity with the victim, affect publics’ reactions to a crisis. Data collected via a quasi‐experiment showed that organizational identity affects publics’ reactions, such that internal publics perceive the organization more positively and have less negative word‐of‐mouth intention. Internal publics feel guilty even if they are not personally responsible for the crisis. Publics do not react more negatively when their ethnic ingroup members are accidentally victimized. Organizations should mitigate the internal publics’ anger and guilt and also clarify that the crisis is nonethnicity‐related when the victims happen to be ethnic minorities to avoid any misunderstanding of victims’ ethnic ingroup members.

Identity as a causal power

We propose a critical realist-informed conception of entrepreneurial identity – the personal power to create a new venture. Although most people have the power to become an entrepreneur, not everyone can, or is motivated to, realize that potential. Other countervailing powers – personal, material and social – can constrain, or discourage, action. Utilizing a stratified, emergent ontology, we contextualize entrepreneurial identity within three analytical orders – natural, practical and social. We distinguish personal identity, the set of concerns in the three orders that motivate action, from social identity, the roles we commit to in society. While entrepreneurial identity is a type of social identity, the underlying concerns that motivate commitment to an entrepreneurial role cannot be reduced to social interaction alone. The concept of internal conversation is used to theorize the connection of entrepreneurial motivation, context and behaviour. We draw on qualitative data from three UK-based disabled entrepreneurs to demonstrate the value of our framework.

“Planting these plants is special because they have been shared with us by the White House”: American Grown's kitchen garden as a gastrogovernmental space

ABSTRACTThis article presents a critical reading of American Grown, a cookbook/how-to gardening book published by Michelle Obama in 2012. The article argues that while American Grown may at first glance seem like a coffee table-style book about the 2010 planting of the White House kitchen garden, it should in fact be read as a piece of public health communication and a gastrogovernmental text born out of social panic over the contemporary obesity epidemic. Using insights from cultural food studies and critical obesity studies, the article presents the concept of gastrogovernmentality as an analytical tool to argue that the kitchen garden in American Grown acts as a public-personal space of social regulation, where certain types of social identities and behaviors are promoted as the “solution” to the obesity epidemic.

ГРОМАДСЬКА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ І СПОРІДНЕНІСТЬ: МІКРО-МАКРО ПЕРЕХОДИ У ПІДНЕСЕННІ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО РУХУ 1860–1890-Х РР.

The author uses James S. Coleman' conception of micro-to-macro transitions as a theoretical tool for reconstruction kinship network as well as network of civil activities among members of "Stara Hromada" (The Old Community). It is impossible to reconstruct social foundations of the Ukrainian national movement according to Ernest Gellner' conception. E. Gellner in his classical book "Nations and Nationalism" explains social origins of modern nationalism as a reaction to industrialization. According to E. Gellner, bourgeois class had the main influence on the process of nation formation during the industrialization. That trend was not possible in Ukrainian social, economic, and political context of XIX century. The main role in Ukrainian nationhood and nation formation played traditional elite (nobles). The Old Community after 1869 was network organization of that social group. The author uses network analysis for empirical evidence. Communication and cooperation between different members of the Old Community were based on principles of estate integration. Marriage was especially significant social practice in the process of community integration. Civil activity with family background was a reaction to contradictory conflation of different social roles. That activity provoked new type of social identity – national identity among representatives of traditional elites. James S. Coleman' conception provides heuristic understanding of aggregation individual actions and attitudes into desirable behaviors at the collective level.

The Politics of Beauty: The Effects of Partisan Bias on Physical Attractiveness

Does politics cause people to be perceived as more or less attractive? As a type of social identity, party identifiers often exhibit in-group bias, positively evaluating members of their own party and, especially under conditions of competition, negatively evaluating out-party members. The current experiment tests whether political in-party and out-party status affects perceptions of the physical attractiveness of target persons. In a nationally representative internet sample of U.S. adults during the 2012 presidential election, we presented participants with photos of individuals and varied information about their presidential candidate preference. Results indicate that partisans, regardless of gender, rate target individuals as less attractive if they hold a dissimilar candidate preference. Female partisans, however, were more likely to rate target persons as more physically attractive when they held a similar candidate preference whereas no such effect was found for male partisans.

Identity Integration and Innovation

Three studies examined the psychological antecedents and processes related to individual-level innovation. We propose that individuals who can integrate multiple social identities are better at combining knowledge systems associated with each identity, and thus exhibit higher levels of innovation. Three studies, each probing different types of social identities, provide evidence for this proposition. Study 1 showed that Asian American biculturals with high identity integration between their Asian and American identities exhibited higher levels of innovation in creating Asian-American fusion cuisine compared to biculturals with low identity integration. Study 2 showed that women engineers with high identity integration between their gender and professional identities were more innovative than those with low identity integration. Finally, Study 3 showed that innovation among faculty members with two disciplinary affiliations is similarly related to individual differences in identity integration between their disciplinary affiliations. These findings suggest that the psychological management of multiple identities affects individual innovation.

The erosion of citizenship.

The Marshallian paradigm of social citizenship has been eroded because the social and economic conditions that supported postwar British welfare consensus have been transformed by economic and technological change. This article argues that effective entitlement was based on participation in work, war and reproduction, resulting in three types of social identity: worker-citizens, warrior-citizens and parent-citizens. The casualization of labour and the technological development of war have eroded work and war as routes to active citizenship. Social participation through reproduction remains important, despite massive changes to marriage and family as institutions. In fact the growth of new reproductive technologies have reinforced the normative dominance of marriage as a social relation. These rights of reproduction are described as 'reproductive citizenship'. The article also considers the role of voluntary associations in Third-Way strategies as sources of social cohesion in societies where social capital is in decline, and argues that the voluntary sector is increasingly driven by an economic logic of accumulation. With the erosion of national citizenship, Marshall's three forms of rights (legal, political and social) have been augmented by rights that are global, namely environmental, aboriginal and cultural rights. These are driven by global concerns about the relationship between environment, community and body such that the quest for social security has been replaced by concerns for ontological security.

Conceptualizing Social Identity: A New Framework and Evidence for the Impact of Different Dimensions

The authors introduce a framework for organizing conceptualizations of social identity along four dimensions: perception of the intergroup context, in-group attraction, interdependency beliefs, and depersonalization. The authors suggest that the extent to which each dimension is evoked or assessed will have an impact on the consequences attributed to social identity. Two studies test hypotheses derived from the framework and investigate the psychometric properties of several scales. In Study 1, participants completed four social identity scales, two group cohesion scales, and a measure of allocentrism. Interscale commonalities were tested through a secondary factor analysis, and the scales and secondary factors were used to predict in-group pride and intergroup bias. Study 2 included additional predictors (interdependency, conflict, competition) and outcome measures (in-group and out-group evaluations, perceived group homogeneity, and the twenty statements test). Consistent with predictions, two types of social identity were empirically extracted and were differentially related to the outcome measures. Theoretical and empirical implications are discussed.

Parameters of social identity.

Two studies establish distinct types of social and collective identities (Study 1) and describe dimensions that differentiate among identities (Studies 1 and 2). In Study 1, individuals (N = 50) sorted 64 social identities on the basis of perceived similarity; 259 respondents provided trait property ratings of the identities. Cluster analysis indicated 5 types of social identity: personal relationships, vocations/avocations, political affiliations, ethnic religious groups, and stigmatized groups. Multidimensional scaling analysis shows that identities differ on several trait properties, including desirability and collectivity. In Study 2, 171 people rated the similarity of identities within a specific cluster; 193 respondents provided trait property ratings. Results indicate that different trait properties are relevant to each cluster. The theoretical importance of distinguishing among forms of social identification is stressed