Types Of Sedentary Behavior Research Articles

Associations between sedentary types, sedentary patterns and cognitive ability in preschool children.

Not all types of SB are equal when examining optimal cognitive development in preschoolers. Frequent breaks from sedentary time were associated with better cognitive development. Encouraging more frequent breaks to interrupt prolonged SB may be a viable strategy for reducing sedentary time to promote optimal cognitive development. These findings should be further validated in larger prospective studies. • Sedentary behavior is not advantageous for cognitive development. • Not all types of sedentary behavior are harmful. • Active sedentary behaviors are beneficial to overall cognitive development, but screen-based active sedentary behaviors may negatively impact some areas of cognitive performance. • Cognitive abilities in preschoolers are associated with sedentary breaks, but not with sedentary bouts.

Causal Association Between Sedentary Behaviors and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mendelian Randomization Studies.

Different types ofsedentary behavior are associated with several health outcomes, but the causality of these associations remains unclear. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization (MR) studies investigating the associations between sedentary behaviors and health outcomes. A systematic search on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO up to August 2023 was conducted to identify eligible MR studies. We selected studies that assessed associations of genetically determined sedentary behaviors and health outcomes. A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the causal associations when two or more MR studies were available. We graded the evidence level of each MR association based on the results of the main method and sensitivity analyses in MR studies. A total of 31 studies with 168 MR associations between six types of sedentary behavior and 47 health outcomes were included. Results from meta-analyses suggested a total of 47 significant causal associations between sedentary behaviors and health outcomes. Notably, more leisure TV watching is robustly correlated with increased risks of myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, all-cause ischemic stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Conversely, robust inverse associations were observed between leisure computer use and risks of rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. These findings suggest that different types of sedentary behavior have distinct causal effects on health outcomes. Therefore, interventions should focus not only on reducing sedentary time but also on promoting healthier types of sedentary behavior. CRD42023453828.

Physical activity may attenuate psychological distress associated with different types of sedentary behaviors: a cross-sectional study of 10972 Chinese students.

The aim of the study was to investigate independent and joint associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with psychological distress. In this cross-sectional study, all participants underwent a physical examination and questionnaire survey, including physical activity, sedentary behavior, and psychological distress. The rank-sum test was used to compare the distribution of psychological distress status among students with different characteristics, physical activity levels, and sedentary time. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the independent and joint association between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and psychological distress, stratified by age. The results of the rank sum test and logistic regression showed that students with more sedentary behavior and less physical activity were associated with higher psychological distress generally, but physical activity may attenuate the psychological distress relevant to non-screen-based sedentary behavior on weekdays in middle and high school students and screen-based sedentary behavior on weekends in all participants.

The impact of the world’s first regulatory, multi-setting intervention on sedentary behaviour among children and adolescents (ENERGISE): a natural experiment evaluation

BackgroundRegulatory actions are increasingly used to tackle issues such as excessive alcohol or sugar intake, but such actions to reduce sedentary behaviour remain scarce. World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on sedentary behaviour call for system-wide policies. The Chinese government introduced the world’s first nation-wide multi-setting regulation on multiple types of sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents in July 2021. This regulation restricts when (and for how long) online gaming businesses can provide access to pupils; the amount of homework teachers can assign to pupils according to their year groups; and when tutoring businesses can provide lessons to pupils. We evaluated the effect of this regulation on sedentary behaviour safeguarding pupils.MethodsWith a natural experiment evaluation design, we used representative surveillance data from 9- to 18-year-old pupils before and after the introduction of the regulation, for longitudinal (n = 7,054, matched individuals, primary analysis) and repeated cross-sectional (n = 99,947, exploratory analysis) analyses. We analysed pre-post differences for self-reported sedentary behaviour outcomes (total sedentary behaviour time, screen viewing time, electronic device use time, homework time, and out-of-campus learning time) using multilevel models, and explored differences by sex, education stage, residency, and baseline weight status.ResultsLongitudinal analyses indicated that pupils had reduced their mean total daily sedentary behaviour time by 13.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -15.9 to -11.7%, approximately 46 min) and were 1.20 times as likely to meet international daily screen time recommendations (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.32) one month after the introduction of the regulation compared to the reference group (before its introduction). They were on average 2.79 times as likely to meet the regulatory requirement on homework time (95% CI: 2.47 to 3.14) than the reference group and reduced their daily total screen-viewing time by 6.4% (95% CI: -9.6 to -3.3%, approximately 10 min). The positive effects were more pronounced among high-risk groups (secondary school and urban pupils who generally spend more time in sedentary behaviour) than in low-risk groups (primary school and rural pupils who generally spend less time in sedentary behaviour). The exploratory analyses showed comparable findings.ConclusionsThis regulatory intervention has been effective in reducing total and specific types of sedentary behaviour among Chinese children and adolescents, with the potential to reduce health inequalities. International researchers and policy makers may explore the feasibility and acceptability of implementing regulatory interventions on sedentary behaviour elsewhere.

Promoting Awareness of Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity Awareness Among Rural Youth Through Bocce Game: A Qualitative Study

In youth, it is important to promote physical activity habits. The multifactorial nature of rural areas affects individuals' physical activity habits, and sustainable strategies are needed to promote sedentary behavior and physical activity awareness among rural youth. The research data consists of qualitative interviews with healthy rural youth after the bocce game activity. In-depth interviews were conducted with 11 volunteers who participated in the activity using a semi-structured interview form. Qualitative findings are divided into nine main themes: Thoughts on bocce game activity; meaning of physical activity and thoughts on the topic; physical activity and its effect on health; thoughts on the frequency, duration, intensity, and type of physical activity; meaning of sedentary behavior and thoughts on the topic; sedentary behavior and its effect on health; thoughts on the frequency and duration of sedentary time and the type of sedentary behavior; promoting awareness of sedentary behavior and physical activity through bocce game; expectations from institutions. The findings highlight that bocce is a vital strategy to encourage physical activity and sedentary behavior awareness among youth in rural areas. Local authorities have a critical role in supporting physical activity and sedentary behavior awareness in rural areas.

The prevalence of sedentary behavior among university students in Saudi Arabia

BackgroundA considerable body of research has demonstrated that reducing sitting time benefits health. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the prevalence of sedentary behavior (SB) and its patterns.MethodsA total of 6975 university students (49.1% female) were chosen randomly to participate in a face-to-face interview. The original English version of the sedentary behavior questionnaire (SBQ) was previously translated into Arabic. Then, the validated Arabic version of the SBQ was used to assess SB. The Arabic SBQ included 9 types of SB (watching television, playing computer/video games, sitting while listening to music, sitting and talking on the phone, doing paperwork or office work, sitting and reading, playing a musical instrument, doing arts and crafts, and sitting and driving/riding in a car, bus or train) on weekdays and weekends.ResultsSBQ indicated that the total time of SB was considerably high (478.75 ± 256.60 and 535.86 ± 316.53 (min/day) during weekdays and weekends, respectively). On average, participants spent the most time during the day doing office/paperwork (item number 4) during weekdays (112.47 ± 111.11 min/day) and weekends (122.05 ± 113.49 min/day), followed by sitting time in transportation (item number 9) during weekdays (78.95 ± 83.25 min/day) and weekends (92.84 ± 100.19 min/day). The average total sitting time of the SBQ was 495.09 ± 247.38 (min/day) and 58.4% of the participants reported a high amount of sitting time (≥ 7 hours/day). Independent t-test showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between males and females in all types of SB except with doing office/paperwork (item number 4). The results also showed that male students have a longer daily sitting time (521.73 ± 236.53 min/day) than females (467.38 ± 255.28 min/day). Finally, 64.1% of the males reported a high amount of sitting time (≥ 7 hours/day) compared to females (52.3%).ConclusionIn conclusion, the total mean length of SB in minutes per day for male and female university students was considerably high. About 58% of the population appeared to spend ≥7 h/day sedentary. Male university students are likelier to sit longer than female students. Our findings also indicated that SB and physical activity interventions are needed to raise awareness of the importance of adopting an active lifestyle and reducing sitting time.

Different sedentary behavior domains present distinct associations with eating-related indicators

BackgroundUnhealthful dietary patterns have been consistently associated with low levels of physical activity (PA), but studies dedicated to sedentary behavior (SB) are scarce, especially in adults. The few studies that investigated the association between SB and dietary patterns focused mostly on specific types of SB, such as TV-watching or screen time. SB can be accumulated in distinct domains (i.e., work, transport, and leisure-time), thus, it is key to investigate in depth the impact that different domains of SB can have on eating-related indicators. We aimed to investigate the associations between different SB domains and eating-related indicators, in a sample of adults.MethodsCross-sectional data from students, teachers, and staff from a Portuguese University was collected in November/2021 through an anonymous online survey. Data analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS software (version 28.0) and included descriptive statistics, partial correlations, and group comparisons using one-way ANOVA. Daily average SB at work/study, transport, and in leisure-time were self-reported and eating-related indicators were measured with several items from the Mediterranean Diet Score. Specific eating-related behaviors reflecting a protective eating pattern (e.g., eating breakfast regularly), and eating behavior traits (e.g., external eating) were also assessed. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height(m)2. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire/Short-Form was used to assess PA.ResultsThe sample included 301 adults (60.1% women), with a mean age of 34.5 years. Overall, leisure-time SB was inversely associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet (r = -0.20; p < 0.001) and with a protective eating profile (r = -0.31; p < 0.001). Higher transport SB was also related to lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet (r = -0.20; p < 0.001) and to an unhealthier eating profile (r = -0.22; p < 0.001), but no associations were found for work-related SB (p > 0.05). These results persisted after the adjustment for BMI, sex, and self-reported PA. These results were impacted by the age tertile.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that adults with higher levels of SB in leisure-time and transport domains tend to report less healthy eating-related behaviors, irrespective of BMI, sex, and PA level. However, some differences in these associations were found according to the age tertile. This information may assist public health authorities in focusing their efforts in augmenting literacy on SB, namely on how SB can be accumulated via different settings. Furthermore, public health literacy efforts need to extend besides the more known deleterious effects of SB on health (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular disease), to also include the interplay with eating indicators. Strategies to reduce SB and unhealthy eating should be particularly focused on promoting physically active forms of commuting and reducing SB in the leisure setting.

Associations Between Sedentary Behavior and Motor Competence in 3- to 4-Year-Olds: A Systematic Review

Background: Several studies have reported low adherence to World Health Organization sedentary behavior (SB) guidelines in the early years. The purpose of this review is to examine the associations between time spent in different types of SB (screen time and habitual SB) and motor competence (MC; fundamental motor skills, fine and gross motor skills, locomotor skills, and object control and balance) in 3- to 4-year-olds. Methods: Five databases were searched on the 27th of July 2021, with an updated search conducted on the 30th of September 2023: Web of Science (core collection), PubMed Central, EMBASE (Ovid), SPORT Discus, and ERIC. Studies were included in the review if they reported on an association between time spent in SB at ages 3–4 years and MC. The methodological quality for each of the included studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Vote counting was used to determine the direction of associations. Results: Of 5,276 total studies found in the search, 16 studies (12 cross-sectional, four longitudinal) from 11 different countries met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies examined the association between screen time and MC, six examined associations between time spent in SB and MC, and three examined the association of both screen time and time spent in SB with MC. The direction of associations was predominantly negative for both screen time and time spent in habitual SB with different components of MC. Quality of evidence ranged from three to seven out of nine for cross-sectional studies and six to nine out of 12 for longitudinal studies. Conclusions: There may be negative associations between time spent sedentary and MC in 3- to 4-year-olds. However, future studies with stronger study designs are required to confirm these associations. Findings from this review should be considered when designing strategies and interventions to promote adherence to SB guidelines.

Sedentary behavior from television watching elevates GlycA levels: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Current evidence linking sedentary behavior (SB), physical activity (PA), and inflammation raises questions about their causal relationships, prompting concerns about potential residual confounding or reverse causation. A bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted. SB data (n = 408,815) from "computer use," "television watching," and "driving" were included. The PA data encompassed nine types of PA (n = 460,376) over the last four weeks and included data on the frequency of vigorous PA (n = 440,512) and moderate PA (n = 440,266) for over 10 min. Additionally, three genome-wide association study datasets (n = 64,949) on light, moderate, and vigorous exercise were included to minimize potential bias from changes in exercise intensity. Inflammation data included levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (n = 575,531), glycoprotein acetyl (GlycA) (n = 115,082), interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), and soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) (n = 35,278). All datasets represented participants of European ancestry. Television watching as an SB showed significant positive causal effects on GlycA and CRP (inverse variance weighted (IVW), odds ratios (OR): 1.34, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.25-1.44, p = 3.570 × 10-17; IVW, OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.16-1.26, p = 1.500 × 10-19, respectively), with more robust evidence for GlycA. In the direction from inflammation to PA, a negative causal relationship between CRP and"number of days/week of moderate PA 10+ minutes"was observed (IVW, OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89-0.96, p = 3.260 × 10-5). Sensitivity analyses were used to verify the robustness and reliability of the results. However, other initially observed associations ceased to be significant after controlling for obesity-related confounders. Our MR analysis suggested a potential causal relationship between television watching and chronic low-grade inflammation, with more substantial evidence for GlycA. Additionally, different types of SB may have varying effects on inflammation. Obesity-related traits could partly or entirely influence the relationship between SB, PA, and inflammatory markers. Furthermore, Our findings indicate that SB is an independent risk factor for inflammation, separate from PA, and highlight the different mechanisms by which SB and PA affect disease.

Associations between type and timing of sedentary behaviour and affect in adolescents: An ecological momentary assessment study

BackgroundThere is limited evidence on the associations between type and timing of different sedentary behaviour with affect in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate within-person associations between different types of sedentary behaviour with core affect among a sample of Australian adolescents and explore if the association differs across different times of the day. MethodsUsing ecological momentary assessment, 119 participants (Mage = 14.7 years, 54% male) self-reported engagement in different types of sedentary behaviour, as well as providing information on their affective states multiple times each day, over a four-day period. Data were analysed using multi-level and time-varying effects models. ResultsPlaying video games and having a meal on the weekend was favourably associated with valence and tense arousal. Watching TV or a movie on the weekend was associated with lower tense arousal but also lower energetic arousal. Using social media and reading or doing homework on the weekend were also negatively associated with energetic arousal. Reading or doing homework and using social media on a weekday afternoon were inversely associated with valence. Playing video games using social media and reading or doing homework were inversely associated with energetic arousal on weekdays. Results from the time-varying effects models demonstrated that the magnitude of these effects may differ depending upon the time of the day that the sedentary behaviour occurs. ConclusionsThe type, and to a lesser extent, the timing of sedentary behaviours are differently associated with affect in adolescents. These results may provide unique insights into why some types of sedentary behaviours are related to worse mental health and wellbeing and others are not.

Associations between different types of sedentary behavior and mental health: Gender-stratified analyses among 97,171 South Korean adolescents

BackgroundSedentary behavior (SB) is known to be detrimental to the overall health of adolescents. However, it is less understood if mental health outcomes differ by different types of SB. The objective of this study was to examine the association between different types of SB and mental health outcomes among South Korean adolescents. MethodsSelf-reported, nation-wide, cross-sectional data from 2018 to 2019 Korea Web-based Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (N = 122,923) were used. Different types of SB were categorized into quartiles. Mental health outcomes were dichotomized (yes/no). Multivariate logistic regressions were performed after adjusting for relevant covariates. ResultsOf 97,171 (age:12–18yrs; girls:49.4%) eligible adolescents, the overall prevalence of sadness/hopelessness, suicidal thoughts, and suicide plan/attempt were 26.8%, 12.6%, and 4·9%, respectively. Overall, prolonged total and non-academic SB (4th quartile) were associated with sadness/hopelessness and suicidal thoughts for both genders and suicidal plan/attempt for girls only. Academic SB was not associated with any of the mental health outcomes. Prolonged Internet use (4th quartile) was also associated with sadness/hopelessness (OR:1.26, 95%CI:1.19–1.34), suicidal thoughts (OR:1.42, 95%CI:1.32–1.53), and suicidal plan/attempt (OR:1.26, 95%CI:1.13–1.40) among girls, but only with suicidal thoughts (OR:1.24, 95%CI:1.13–1.36) among boys. In contrast, the 2nd and 3rd quartiles of Internet use were inversely associated with sadness/hopelessness (OR:0.91, 95%CI:0.85–0.97, 3rd quartile) and suicidal plan/attempt (OR:0.69, 95%CI:0.59–0.80, 3rd quartile) among boys. ConclusionsProlonged total and non-academic SB are detrimental to mental health outcomes among Korean adolescents. More consistent negative associations were found between Internet use and mental health outcomes among girls.

Associations Between Type and Timing of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With Mental Health in Adolescents and Young Adults.

This cross-sectional study analyzed the association of leisure-time physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB), nonleisure PA and SB, and total PA and SB in different time segments of the day with mental health among Dutch adolescents and young adults. A total of 881 participants aged 16-25years completed an online survey. Mental health was assessed using the Mental Health Inventory-5, and participants also reported sex, age, and income. They filled out a questionnaire of types of PA and SB for each hour of the day. Activities were categorized into nonleisure and leisure, during the morning, afternoon, evening, and for the whole day. Participants (52.8% female, on average 20.8y) generally engaged in more leisure-time PA and SB during weekends compared with weekdays, and more nonleisure activities on weekdays. Associations varied between time segments and days of the week. Positive associations of leisure-time and total PA during the whole day and evenings with mental health were observed on weekdays. Total, leisure-time, and nonleisure-time SB were associated with worse mental health. Nonleisure PA was not associated with mental health. Leisure-time PA was found to have a favorable association with mental health, particularly in the evenings of weekdays and afternoons of weekend days. On the other hand, leisure SB was associated with poorer mental health in most of the time segments analyzed, and nonleisure SB in the evenings was also related to worse mental health. The type and timing of PA and SB behaviors play an important role in the relationship with mental health.

A Review of Sedentary Behavior Assessment in National Surveillance Systems.

Temporal changes in sedentary behavior patterns reflect the evolving nature of our built and social environments, particularly the expanding availability of electronic media. It is important to understand what types of sedentary behavior are assessed in national surveillance to determine whether, and to what extent, they reflect contemporary patterns. The aims of this review were to describe the characteristics of questionnaires used for national surveillance of sedentary behavior and to identify the types of sedentary behaviors being measured. We reviewed questionnaires from national surveillance systems listed on the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) country cards to locate items on sedentary behavior. Questionnaire characteristics were categorized using the Taxonomy of Self-reported Sedentary Behavior Tools (TASST). The purpose and type of sedentary behaviors captured were classified using the Sedentary Behavior International Taxonomy (SIT). Overall, 346 surveillance systems were screened for eligibility, of which 93 were included in this review. Most questionnaires used a single-item direct measure of sitting time (n = 78, 84%). Work and domestic were the most frequently captured purposes of sedentary behavior, while television viewing and computer use were the most frequently captured types of behaviors. National surveillance systems should be periodically reviewed in response to evidence on contemporary behavior patterns in the population and the release of updated public health guidelines.

Screen-based and non-screen-based sedentary behaviors are differentially associated with affective states in older adults

Excessive sedentary behavior (SB) contributes to poor affective and physical feeling states, which is particularly concerning for older adults who are the most sedentary sector of the population. Specific types of SB have been shown to differentially impact health in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, with screen-based SB more negatively impacting aspects of mental health. This study used Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), a real-time, intensive longitudinal data capture methodology, to examine the differential impact of screen-based behaviors on momentary affective responses during SB in naturalistic settings. A diverse sample of older adults (pooled across 2 studies) completed an EMA protocol for 8–10 days with six randomly delivered, smartphone assessments per day. At each EMA prompt, participants reported their current activity, whether they were sitting while doing that activity, and affective states. Multilevel models assessed whether screen-based (vs. non-screen-based) behavior moderated affective response during SB.At the within-person level, older adults experienced less positive affect during SB when engaged in a screen-based behavior compared to a non-screen-based SB (B = −0.10, p < 0.01). At the between-person level, positive associations between SB and negative affect (B = 0.79, p = 0.03) were stronger if participants reported engaging in screen-based behaviors for a greater proportion of prompts. Among older adults, screen-based SB may lead to poorer affective states compared to non-screen-based SB. Interventions aiming to reduce SB in this population should consider targeting reductions in screen-based SB as means to improve affective states.

Correlates of sedentary behavior in people with fibromyalgia: A systematic review.

Understanding the correlates of sedentary behavior (SB) is important in the development of interventions which reduce and interrupt SB in people with fibromyalgia (PwF). This systematic review aimed to investigate the correlates of SB in PwF using the socio-ecological model. Three databases (Embase, CINAHL and PubMed) were search from inception until July 21, 2022 using "sedentary" or different types of SB and "fibromyalgia" or "fibrositis" as keywords. The data collected was then analyzed using summary coding. Out of 23 SB correlates retrieved from 7 reports (n= 1698), no correlates were consistently reported (ie, reported in 4 or more studies). Higher pain intensity was the most commonly reported barrier for reducing/interrupting SB (reported in 3 reports). Other reported barriers to reducing/interrupting SB were experiencing physical and mental fatigue, a more severe disease impact, and a lack of motivation to be physically active (all reported in 1 study). A better experienced social and physical functioning and more vitality were facilitators for reducing/interrupting SB (all reported in 1 study). To date, in PwF no correlates of SB at the interpersonal, environmental and policy levels have been explored. Research on correlates of SB in PwF is still in its infancy. The current preliminary evidence suggests that clinicians should consider physical and mental barriers when aiming to reduce or interrupt SB in PwF. Further research on modifiable correlates at all levels of the socio-ecological model is required to inform future trials aiming to modify SB in this vulnerable population.

Discrepancies Between Self-reported and Objectively Measured Smartphone Screen Time: Before and During Lockdown

Screen time shows higher health risks compared to other types of sedentary behaviors. A lockdown may simultaneously increase screen time, reduce physical activity (PA), and change time perception. Our goal was to compare self-reported against objectively measured smartphone screen time (SST) in a sample of active and inactive Portuguese adults before and during a social lockdown. This study was a cross-sectional analysis with 211 Portuguese adults (57.8% males), aged 25.2 ± 8.5 years, from two cohorts, one before the social lockdown and the other during the lockdown. SST was self-reported (SR-SST) and objectively measured using a smartphone (OM-SST). PA was self-reported. Linear regressions were performed to determine the association between SR-SST and OM-SST. A Bland and Altman analysis was used to assess agreement. Independent T-tests were performed for comparisons between cohorts and paired sample T-tests for comparisons within each cohort. The cohort assessed during the lockdown showed a higher SST than the cohort assessed before the lockdown (OM-SST; p < 0.001 and SR-SST; p = 0.009). Before the lockdown, there was no difference between SR-SST and OM-SST (p = 0.100). However, during the social lockdown, although the agreement between SR-SST and OM-SST was good (ICC = 0.72), participants systematically underestimated their SST by ~ 71 min/day (p < 0.001), and this underestimation was higher in inactive participants (~ 85 min/day) than in active individuals (~ 49 min/day). The general population needs to be aware of the benefits of limiting screen time, especially during periods of societal modifications, such as a generalized lockdown. There was a tendency to underestimate SST, meaning a lack of awareness of the actual time spent in this potentially deleterious behavior. This underestimation was more pronounced during the lockdown period and for the inactive participants, thus posing a greater health risk. The findings from this investigation entail relevant information for policy makers to delineate strategies for reducing population screen time from a preventive health perspective.

Domains of Sedentary Behavior and Cognitive Function: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, 1999/2000 to 2006/2007.

This study examines the relationship between various domains of sedentary behavior and subsequent cognitive function to evaluate whether different sedentary activities have specific associations with future cognitive performance. Data were from 1 261 older adults participating in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study between 1999/2000 and 2006/2007. Total sitting time (hours/day), reading time (hours/week), and TV time (≤27/≥28 h/wk) were self-reported at baseline and 3 years later. At follow-up, cognitive function was evaluated using the Teng Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Multivariable linear regression modeling examined the independent associations of baseline sedentary behaviors and 3-year change in those behaviors with cognitive function scores at follow-up, adjusting for important covariables. Baseline total sitting time was positively associated with 3MS (β = 0.14 ± 0.07; p < .05) and DSST (β = 0.20 ± 0.10; p < .05) scores at follow-up, as was reading time (β = 0.09 ± 0.03; p < .05 for 3MS score and β = 0.14 ± 0.04; p < 0.01 for DSST score). Participants who increased their TV watching time over 3 years had a significantly lower 3MS score (β = -1.45 ± 0.71; p < .05) at follow-up, compared with those who maintained a low level of TV time (referent). These findings were independent of age, sex, race, education level, health status, depressive symptoms, and physical activity. Some types of sedentary behavior may have benefits for cognitive function in older age, thus highlighting the importance of measuring different domains of sitting time.

Association Between Typologies of Sedentary Behavior and Muscle Strength, Gait Speed, and Balance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Knowledge of how the different types of sedentary behaviors (SB) are associated with functional limitations can guide professionals who work with older adults on better recommendations about the amount of daily time that should be encouraged in each type of SB. The objective was to estimate the associations between two SB typologies (SB television [TV] and SB computer/internet) and the presence of handgrip strength, lower limb strength, gait speed, and balance limitations in Brazilian community-dwelling older adults. This is a cross-sectional study with 1,298 community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years). SB was assessed by self-reporting daily time spent watching TV or using computer/internet (categorized into <2, 3-4, and ≥5hr/day). Outcomes were handgrip strength, lower limb strength, gait speed, and balance limitations considering referenced cutoff points. Older adults in SB TV ≥5hr/day had 1.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.07, 2.86]) and 1.88 (95% CI [1.02, 3.46]) times more chances of handgrip strength and gait speed limitations, respectively. On the other hand, those who spent 3-4 and ≥5hr/day in SB computer/internet had 0.45 (95% CI [0.20, 0.99]) and 0.37 (95% CI [0.15, 0.93]) had less chances of lower limb strength and balance limitations, respectively. In conclusion, functional limitations would be associated differently depending on the type of SB in the older adults sampled.

Association between Sedentary Behavior and Cognitive Performance in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: Cross-Sectional Results from ELSA-Brasil.

This study aimed to verify the association between Sedentary Behavior (SB) and performance on cognitive function tests in middle-aged and elderly adults. This cross-sectional study included 6505 participants (55.2% women) of ELSA-Brasil, with a median age of 61 years. The different types of SB considered were sitting time and screen time. The scores obtained in the memory, language, and executive function tests were used to assess cognitive performance (CP). The association between SB and CP was assessed using linear regression. For men, sitting time was associated with better performance in memory, language, and executive function tests. Screen time on the weekend, showed a favorable association with performance in the executive function test. Occupational screen time on weekdays was positively associated with language test performance. For women, sitting time and occupational screen time were positively associated with performance on memory tests. SB was favorably associated with performance in language tests and executive function tests. SB seems to favor CP in this population without evident dementia and with a high level of education. The type of SB (mentally active or passive) and the schooling seem to be of particular interest for cognitive performance.

The associations between specific-type sedentary behaviors and cognitive flexibility in adolescents.

Background: The prevalence of sedentary behavior in adolescents has aroused social attention. The association between sedentary behavior and cognitive flexibility remains unclear, and it may vary depending on the type of sedentary behavior. This study aimed to investigate the associations between specific-type sedentary behaviors and cognitive flexibility in adolescents.Method: A total of 700 Chinese adolescents aged 10–15 years were recruited. The self-report questionnaire was used to assess total sedentary time, recreational screen-based sedentary time, and educational sedentary time. The More-odd shifting task was used to assess cognitive flexibility.Results: The correlation analysis showed that recreational screen-based sedentary time was negatively correlated with cognitive flexibility, whereas educational sedentary time was positively correlated with cognitive flexibility. The regression analysis also further revealed that a significantly negative association between recreational screen-based sedentary time and cognitive flexibility, while a significantly positive association existed between educational sedentary time and cognitive flexibility.Conclusion: The findings shown that the association between recreational screen-based sedentary behavior and cognitive flexibility differs from educational sedentary behavior in adolescents, providing new ideas for a more comprehensive understanding of the association between sedentary behavior and cognitive flexibility in adolescents.