Scheelite type Ca0.5Y(1−x)(MoO4)2:xRE3+ (RE = Pr, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy) phosphors were successfully synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The as prepared phosphors were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence. The results reveal that the obtained powder phosphors possess scheelite structure with tetragonal symmetry with a space group of I41/a. The photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra of Ca0.5Y(1−x)(MoO4)2:xRE3+ (RE = Pr, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy) microstructures were investigated in detail. Upon UV or blue excitation, Ca0.5Y(1−x)(MoO4)2:xRE3+ (RE = Pr, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy) show bright red, orange, red, green and yellow emissions respectively. To confirm the color richness, color chromaticity coordinates of RE3+ doped Ca0.5Y(1−x)(MoO4)2 microstructures were estimated. In addition to that, it is observed that there is an enhanced luminescence red emission is achieved by means of adding the alkali chloride to the Ca0.5Y(1−x)(MoO4)2:Pr3+ phosphor. The results suggest that the obtained powder phosphors are promising phosphor candidates for solid state lighting applications.