Type Of Repair Research Articles

Self‐Repair in Hearing L2 Learners’ Spontaneous Signing: A Developmental Study

AbstractThis study presents a corpus‐based investigation of self‐repairs in hearing adult L2 (M2L2, second modality and second language) learners of Swedish Sign Language (Svenskt teckenspråk, STS). This study analyses M2L2 learners’ STS conversations with a deaf signer and examines the learners’ self‐repair practices and whether there are differences among learners of different proficiency levels. This provides a description of characteristics of self‐repair made by M2L2 learners as well as the frequency and distribution of self‐repair categories. The results show that the frequency of self‐repair decreases with increased proficiency, at least after the initial stage. Furthermore, the self‐initiated repair categories of the beginners are often phonological repairs, while intermediate learners tend to carry out self‐repairs at the lexical and syntactic level. The results also reveal a specific type of STS repair linked to fingerspelling repairs. We discuss the effects of second modality learning as well as the relationship between monitoring and language proficiency.

Retrospective analysis of neurological findings in esophageal atresia: Allostatic load of disease complexity, cumulative sedation, and anesthesia exposure.

There is limited knowledge regarding the impact of perioperative critical care on frequency of neurological imaging findings following esophageal atresia (EA) repair. This is a retrospective study of infants (n = 70) following EA repair at a single institution (2009-2020). Sex, gestational age at birth, type of surgical repair, underlying disease severity, and frequency of neurologic imaging findings were obtained. We quantified the length of postoperative pain/sedation treatment and anesthesia exposure in the first year of life. Data were presented as numerical sums and percentages, while associations were measured using Spearman's Rho. Vertebral/spinal cord imaging was performed in all infants revealing abnormalities in 44% (31/70). Cranial/brain imaging findings were identified in 67% (22/33) of infants in the context of clinically indicated imaging (47%; 33/70). Long-gap EA patients (n = 16) received 10 times longer postoperative pain/sedation treatment and twice the anesthesia exposure compared with short-gap EA patients (n = 54). The frequency of neurologic imaging findings did not correlate with underlying disease severity scores, length of pain/sedation treatment, or cumulative anesthesia exposure. Lack of associations between clinical measures and imaging findings should be interpreted with caution given possible underestimation of cranial/brain findings. We propose that all infants with EA undergo brain imaging in addition to routine spinal imaging given the high burden of abnormal brain/cranial findings in our cohort. Quantification of pain/sedation and anesthesia exposure in long-gap EA patients could be used as indirect markers in future studies assessing the risk of neurological sequelae as evidenced by early abnormalities on brain imaging.

Abstract 14060: Health Disparities in Exercise Performance in Tetralogy of Fallot

Introduction: Patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) from disadvantaged racial and ethnic groups are reported to have worse outcomes, including worse exercise performance. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the association of exercise performance with race is mediated by socioeconomic factors. Methods: We conducted a single center retrospective cohort study of TOF patients aged 8 - 30 years who underwent maximal exercise stress testing (EST) from 2007 - 2020. The primary outcome was percent-predicted maximum oxygen consumption (VO2). Addresses were geocoded. The Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) and its three domains represented neighborhood socioeconomic status. Generalized linear models and mediation analysis were used (Figure). Results: We included 154 subjects who underwent 273 ESTs (Table). Correcting for age at EST, sex, outflow tract repair type, and body mass index, those of non-Hispanic Black race had an 8.6% lower percent-predicted VO2 (95% CI -15.0, -2.2) than those of non-Hispanic white race. Mediation analysis showed that the COI mediates 90% of this relationship. By domain, Education is the strongest mediator and alone can account for 75% of this relationship. Conclusions: Disparities exist in exercise performance after TOF repair. Neighborhood-level factors, in particular related to Education, are significant mediators of the relationship between race and exercise performance in TOF. A detailed understanding of the driving mechanisms underlying health disparities, particularly those that are modifiable, is critical to eliminating those disparities at both the patient and societal levels.

Effects of Spinal Deformities on Hiatal Hernia Occurrence and Recurrence

BackgroundSpinal deformities such as kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis have demonstrated a possible association between these deformities. Our hypothesis is that the presence of spinal deformities will increase the risk of hiatal hernia recurrence after repair. MethodsThe following data was retrospectively gleaned for patients undergoing hiatal hernia repair (1997–2022): age, sex, date of hiatal hernia repair, presence and type of spinal deformity, Cobb angle, type of hiatal hernia and size, type of hiatal hernia repair, recurrence and size, time to recurrence, reoperation, type of reoperation, and time to reoperation. ResultsSpinal deformities were present in 15.8% of 546 patients undergoing hiatal hernia repair, with a distribution of 21.8% kyphosis, 2.3% lordosis, 58.6% scoliosis, and 17.2% multiple. There was no difference in sex or age between groups. Spinal deformity patients were more likely to have types III and IV hiatal hernias (52.3% vs. 38.9%, p = 0.02) and larger hernias (median 5 [3-8] vs. 4 [2-6], p = 0.01). There was no difference in access, fundoplication use, or mesh use between groups. However, these patients had a higher recurrence rate (47.7% vs 30.0%, p = 0.001) and a shorter time to recurrence (months) (10.3 [5.6-25.1] vs 19.2 [9.8-51.0], p = 0.02). Cobb angle did not affect recurrence. ConclusionsSpinal deformity patients were more likely to have more complex and larger hiatal hernias. They were at higher risk of hiatal hernia recurrence after repair with shorter times to recurrence. This is a group that requires special attention with additional preoperative counseling and possibly use of surgical adjuncts in repair.

Parahiatal hernia: A rare type of hernia and the answer to an anatomical challenge

Parahiatal hernias are rare. They are difficult to diagnose preoperatively, as the clinical symptoms may be similar to hiatal and paraoesophageal hernias. Here, we report two cases of parahiatal hernia that were preoperatively diagnosed and successfully repaired laparoscopically; using the particular anatomic characteristics of this hernia, we also review the controversial oesophageal hiatal anatomy, as the surgical community often refers to the left bundle of the right crus as the left crus. There is no consensus on the indication or surgical technique to repair them. The first case is a 59-year-old woman with non-specific abdominal symptoms, in whom the preoperative gastroscopy and computed tomography (CT) raised the suspicion for parahiatal hernia. The second case is a 68-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with abdominal distention and nausea, but no vomiting. Preoperative CT raised the suspicion of an incarcerated parahiatal hernia. Both patients underwent laparoscopic repair of the parahiatal hernia and a Toupet fundoplication. They had an uneventful postoperative course. After more than 4 years of follow-up, they are both asymptomatic. Parahiatal hernias are a rare form of diaphragmatic hernia that occur through a diaphragmatic defect lateral to an anatomically normal oesophageal hiatus, with herniation of contents between the left portion of the right crus and the left crus. Up to five different anatomical variations have been described. The knowledge of these anatomical variations has an impact on the type of surgical repair that will need to be performed if a parahiatal hernia is found.

Residual or recurrent mitral regurgitation predicts mortality following transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair

ObjectiveAlthough regurgitant mitral valves can be repaired through surgical or transcatheter approaches, contemporary comparative outcomes are limited with the impact of residual and recurrent mitral regurgitation (MR) on clinical outcomes being poorly defined. We hypothesized that moderate (2+) or greater residual or recurrent (RR) MR—regardless of type of repair—predicts worse clinical outcomes. MethodsOur institutional experience of 660 consecutive patients undergoing mitral valve repair (2015-2021) consisting of 393 surgical mitral valve repair (SMVr) and 267 transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (TEER) was studied. The echocardiographic impact of RRMR (2+) following both SMVr and TEER on death and reintervention was evaluated. ResultsPatients averaged 67.8 ± 14.2 years (SMVr = 63.8 ± 13.3 vs 73.6 ± 13.6, P < .0001) and 62.1% were male. Baseline clinical and demographic data were vastly different between the 2 groups. Residual or recurrent 2+ or greater MR developed in 25% (n = 68) of patients who received TEER compared with 6% (n = 25) of SMVr (P < .0001). Reintervention (9.3% vs 2.4%, P = .002) and death (37.9% vs 10.4%, P < .0001) rates at 3-years were greater among the TEER group versus SMVr group. Given the heterogeneity in baseline characteristics and difference in survival, each cohort was analyzed separately, stratified by RRMR, using multivariable modeling to identify predictors of repeat reintervention and death. There were too few events of RRMR in the SMVr cohort for evaluation. For the TEER subgroups, we observed greater long-term mortality, but not reintervention among those with RRMR., Hypertension was the strongest predictor of death and obesity was for reintervention. ConclusionsPatients undergoing SMVr and TEER are vastly different with respect to baseline patient characteristics and clinical outcomes, with patients who undergo TEER being much greater risk with poorer prognosis. Moderate or greater RRMR predicted worse long-term survival but not reintervention among patients who received TEER. Given the difference in survival among patients with RRMR following TEER, care must be taken to ensure that patients entering clinical trials and receiving TEER should have a high probability of achieving mild or less MR as seen in contemporary surgical results.

Anatomical/Physiological Correlates of Functional Capacity in Adults With Repaired and Nonsevere Coarctation of the Aorta

BackgroundThere is limited data regarding the interplay of anatomic and physiologic parameters with exercise capacity in adults with native or recurrent nonsevere coarctation of the aorta (CoA). ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to use exercise stress echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to identify anatomic and physiologic correlates of exercise capacity in these patients. MethodsWe conducted a single-center retrospective analysis of 54 adults with nonsevere CoA (repaired or unrepaired) followed at our institution between 2015 and 2020. Resting coarctation gradients were obtained using echocardiography. Exercise gradients and functional capacity were assessed using exercise stress echocardiography. Aorta anatomy was obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. ResultsCoarctation-to-diaphragm ratio correlated with minutes of exercise (r = 0.56, P < 0.01) and metabolic equivalents (r = 0.49, P < 0.01). These relationships remained significant after controlling for use of beta-blockers, valvular disease, and type of coarctation repair. Minutes of exercise correlated with mean resting gradients (r = −0.39, P < 0.05). Coarctation-to-diaphragm ratio correlated with peak and mean resting gradients (r = −0.34, P < 0.05; r = −0.48, P < 0.01). Patients with coarctation-to-diaphragm ratio ≤0.7 achieved fewer metabolic equivalents (11.1 ± 1.9 vs 12.8 ± 2.2, P < 0.05) and minutes of exercise (10.3 ± 2.0 vs 12.6 ± 2.7, P < 0.05). ConclusionsIn patients with nonsevere native or recurrent CoA, reduced exercise capacity is correlated with coarctation severity by anatomic size and gradients. Those with a coarctation-to-diaphragm ratio ≤0.7 may represent a subset of patients with nonsevere CoA whose clinical symptoms are only elicited with exercise stress testing. Exercise stress testing and cross-sectional imaging may help identify those who could be considered for earlier coarctation intervention.

Diagnosis and management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a 2023 update from the Canadian Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Collaborative

ObjectiveThe Canadian Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) Collaborative sought to make its existing clinical practice guideline, published in 2018, into a ‘living document’.Design and main outcome measuresCritical appraisal of CDH literature...

Postcards from Abroad

In this section called ‘postcards from abroad’ we propose to diversify and open up the understandings and practices of repair itself, engaging material repair in conversation with other types of repair, coming from fields of creation and knowledge other than design. Although there could be many other ‘postcards’ from different reparative places, here we invited: DNA repair in the field of genetics; soil bioremediation from the perspective of edaphology; psychotherapy as a form of emotional and psychological ‘repair’; memory repair from the field of restorative justice and human rights; home maintenance and cleaning as a form of domestic infrastructure repair and care; repair of electrical and electronic devices by activist collectives for waste prevention; repair of scientific observation instruments in the field of astronomy; and neuro-rehabilitation and physical rehabilitation from the first-person experience of long COVID. We hope these postcards provide a plurality of visions and actions on repair that might lead to resonances, inspirations, and cross-fertilizations among the various forms of repair.

Survival and Freedom From Reinterventions in Patients With Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot: Up to 42-Year Follow-Up of 917 Patients.

Background To evaluate long-term outcome of tetralogy of Fallot repair analyzing an unbiased country-wide surgically treated population with tetralogy of Fallot. Methods and Results Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients aged <18 years who underwent tetralogy of Fallot repair at a single nationwide pediatric cardiac center. Death from any cause and need for surgical or catheter reintervention were thestudy end points. Cox regression analysis was used to identify related risk factors. A total of 917 patients (male, 56.3%) were analyzed. Staged repair was performed in 16.9%. Early mortality (24/917, 2.62% patients) was confined to the early surgical eras. Late mortality was 4.5% (40/893 patients). Survival probability was 95.1%, 93.8% and 91.9% at 10, 20 and 30 years after repair, respectively. Early surgical era (P=0.013) and surgical/catheter reinterventions (P<0.001) were multivariable predictors of late death. A total of 487 reinterventions were performed after initial repair in 253/917 patients (27.6%), with pulmonary artery revalvulation (196/917 patients, 21.4%) being most frequent. Probability of freedom from first reintervention was 89.0%, 73.3%, and 55.1% at 10, 20, and 30 years after primary repair, respectively. Transannular repair was associated with the need for pulmonary artery revalvulation (P<0.001). Patients who underwent staged repair were more likely to need reinterventions on pulmonary arteries (P<0.001). Conclusions In an unbiased nationwide cohort, tetralogy of Fallot repair carried a favorable survival of >90% at 30 years. Each reintervention significantly incrementally increased the risk of mortality. Type of initial repair predicted the need for specific surgical or catheter reinterventions.

Spontaneous Radiographic Improvement of a Large Cystic Osteochondral Lesion of the Talar Shoulder Following Realignment Surgery for Symptomatic Improvement

Category: Sports; Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Treating patients with a large cystic osteochondral lesion of the talar shoulder and concurrent radiographic evidence of foot and ankle malalignment is a clinical challenge. Differentiating the origin of pain in such a situation is not always straightforward, and surgical treatment for both conditions at the same time can complicate the surgery. It has been suggested that unaddressed malalignment can lead to an unfavorable result after osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) surgery, but the isolated effect of realignment surgery on OLT patients has not been elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of realignment surgery for symptomatic relief in patients with a large cystic OLT of the talar shoulder with concurrent malalignment of the foot and ankle. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 27 patients (mean age: 34.4 years) with large cystic OLTs (&gt;10mm in diameter) of the talar shoulder who underwent realignment surgery. Patients were excluded if they had plain radiographs suggestive of degenerative ankle arthritis, or less than 2 years of follow-up. Patients' symptoms prior to surgery were categorized by location and character. The types of realignment procedure were determined by a senior surgeon based on the patients' symptoms and radiographic findings from plain x-rays and weightbearing computed tomography. None of the included patients underwent any type of cartilage repair or replacement procedures during the realignment surgery. Clinical improvement was assessed using the foot function index (FFI) and visual analogue scale (VAS). The location of the OLTs was categorized into 9-Raikin zones, and the size of the OLTs was measured and compared pre- and postoperatively using previously described methods. Results: There were 25 patients with a medial lesion (zone 4 [n=19]; zone 7 [n=5]; zone 1 [n=1]) and two with a lateral lesion (zone 6). Despite the location of the OLT, patients' symptoms varied, with 13 experiencing diffuse medial and lateral pain, 13 experiencing lateral pain, and 1 experiencing anteromedial pain as their primary location of pain. Supramalleolar osteotomy (SMO) was performed in 18 patients (medial open-wedge [n=17] and dome-type [n=1]), while hindfoot correction without SMO was done in 9 patients. Postoperatively, both the FFI and VAS scores significantly improved. The mean preoperative size of cystic lesion was 32.9mm3 (range, 12.6-79.6), and there was a significant decrease in size to 16.3mm3 (range, 0-40.1) postoperatively. During the follow-up period, no subsequent surgery for OLT was necessary. Conclusion: We found that the main location of pain does not always match with the location of OLT in this selected cohort. Our study results suggest that realignment procedures can improve symptoms and contribute to a decrease in size of the osteochondral lesion in patients who demonstrate a large cystic OLT of the talar shoulder and malalignment of the foot and ankle at the same time. Addressing malalignment primarily in such patients can potentially minimize the risk of morbidities or complications associated with procedures involving replacement surgery for the large cystic OLTs of the talar shoulder.

Acute Deltoid Injury in Ankle Fractures: A Biomechanical Analysis of Different Repair Constructs

Category: Trauma; Ankle Introduction/Purpose: The importance of the deltoid ligament in the congruency of the tibiotalar joint is well known. The current trend is to repair it in cases of acute injuries in the context of ankle fractures, however, there is no information on how it should be reconstructed. The objective of this study was to compare different deltoid ligament repair types in an ankle fracture cadaveric model. Methods: 16 cadaveric foot-ankle-distal tibia specimens were used to conduct the study. All samples were prepared as a supination external rotation ankle fracture model. An axial load and cyclic axial rotations were applied on every specimen using a specifically designed frame. This test was performed without deltoid injury, with deltoid injury and finally with the ligament reconstructed. The reconstruction was performed in 4 different ways (anterior, posterior, middle, combined) using 4 specimens per group. Medial clear space (MCS) was measured for each condition on simulated weight-bearing and gravity stress radiographs. Reflective markers were utilized in tibia and talus, registering through a motion analysis system the kinematics, to record the tibiotalar uncoupling. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software. Results: In all cases, the MCS increased significantly on gravity stress radiographs after damaging the deltoid ligament. There was no increase in the MCS on load radiographs. After repair, in all cases, the MCS was normalized. Kinematically, after damage the tibiotalar uncoupling increased significantly, decreasing after repair. All repairs significantly corrected the tibiotalar uncoupling, observing a significantly increased coupling effect (increased stiffness) with the combined repair. Conclusion: Our results show that deltoid repair recovers the tibiotalar coupling mechanism in an ankle fracture model. We suggest that the ideal repair should aim to repair the middle aspect of the deltoid ligament. The combined repair may lead to postoperative stiffness. Clinical studies are needed to prove these results and show clinically improved outcomes.

Road Damage Analysis using PCI and SDI Methods and Types Repair

The By-Pass Pariaman road section is a National Road under the authority of the West Sumatera National Road Implementation Agency with road section number N.048 with a length of 3.600 meters with the starting point of the “simp. IV Jati” and the ending point of the “simp. Apar”. In this study, an analysis of road damage conditions was carried out using PCI method and SDI method with the results: PCI method for the “simp. IV Jati – simp. Apar obtained that the most dominant percentage is good 40%, for the “simp. Apar – simp. IV Jati” the most dominant percentage is fair 36%. The SDI method for the “simp. IV Jati – simp. Apar” is good at 56%, medium at 30%, lightly damaged at 14% and heavily damaged at 0%, with a steady condition percentage of 86% and 14% unstable. The value of the road condition of the “simp. Apar – simp. IV Jati” is good at 47%, medium at 20%, lightly damaged at 33%, heavily damaged at 0%, with a steady condition percentage of 67% and unstable at 33%. For this type of road repair with PCI method for “simp. IV Jati – simp. Apar” is 2.200 meters of routine maintenance and 1.400 meters of periodic maintenance. The “simp. Apar – simp. IV Jati” can be routinely maintained for 2.000 meters and periodic maintenance for 1.600 meters. Road repairs with SDI method are generated for the “simp. IV Jati – simp. Apar” is 3.100 meters of routine maintenance and 500 meters of periodic maintenance. The “simp Apar – simp. IV Jati can be routinely maintained for 2.400 meters and regular maintenance for 1.200 meters.

Anatomically-Guided Botulism Toxin Injections for Enhanced Abdominal Muscle Relaxation Prior to Massive Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Case Report

BACKGROUND: The use of botulism toxin A (BTA) to augment abdominal muscle relaxation for surgical hernia repair is well described. However, guidance on the anatomic considerations to facilitate safe and ideal abdominal wall BTA injection patterns is limited. CASE REPORT: A 37-year-old man presented with a 26-cm inguinal hernia and abdominal content loss of domain. Due to high risk of incomplete abdominal closure, abdominal compartment syndrome, and prolonged postoperative ventilatory support, a multidisciplinary approach to surgical closure was sought with therapeutic input from a comprehensive pain clinic. The patient was injected with BTA into the bilateral internal and external oblique muscles 2 weeks preoperatively. The injection pattern design employed anatomic considerations for points of maximum abdominal wall tension and anticipated BTA spread. Subsequent muscle paralysis facilitated successful surgery with minimal tension upon closure. CONCLUSION: This case supports the safe and effective use of BTA for enhanced abdominal wall relaxation prior to major inguinal hernia repair. When considering BTA therapy for abdominal muscle relaxation augmentation, the choice of injection pattern should include points of maximum tension and injections of close-enough proximity for BTA spread and overlap to maximize procedure benefit, regardless of the location or type of abdominal wall hernia repair. KEY WORDS: Botulism toxin, abdominal muscle relaxation, hernia repair, inguinal hernia, regional anesthesia, case report

Road Pavement Condition Index Deterioration Model for Network-Level Analysis of National Road Network Based on Pavement Condition Scanning Data

Surveying the condition of the pavement is one of the most important processes in managing the road network. The information collected during these surveys allows for the calculation of the Pavement Condition Index, which is a derivative cumulative qualitative indicator that evaluates various pavement characteristics and defects. Deterioration modelling of these measured indicators and calculated indices is a critical element and its most accurate prediction brings the process of pavement management closer to a higher quality process by more efficiently allocating funds and repair work. Many different models – both extremely complex and simple – are used in the world to simulate the condition of individual pavement indicators. However, these models are developed based on the data of a certain country or region and are not suitable in another country due to different requirements for pavement structures and other reasons. In Lithuania, measurements of the quality indicators of road surfaces with new generation survey equipment have been carried out recently but the information stored in the databases about road sections is minimal, and it becomes difficult to adapt the models applied abroad due to the missing information. The aim of this study is to create pavement condition index prediction models by evaluating such quantitative and qualitative indicators as traffic loads, road surface unevenness, type of repair, pavement age, climatic zones, and pavement construction classes.

The Effect of Surgical Timing on Upper Extremity Nerve Repair.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between timing of nerve repair and the ability to perform a primary nerve repair versus a bridge repair requiring the use of allograft, autograft, or a conduit in lacerated upper extremity peripheral nerve injuries. This is a retrospective case-control study of patients who underwent upper extremity nerve repair for lacerated peripheral nerves identified by Current Procedural Terminology codes. Timing of injury and surgery, as well as other information such as demographic information, mechanism of injury, site of injury, and type of nerve repair, was recorded. The odds of a patient requiring bridge repair based on the duration of time between injury and surgery was evaluated using logistic regression. A total of 403 nerves in 335 patients (mean age 35.87 ± 15.33 years) were included. In all, 241 nerves were primarily repaired and 162 required bridge repair. Patients requiring bridge repair had a greater duration between injury and surgery compared with patients who underwent primary repair. Furthermore, the nerves requiring bridge repair were associated with a greater gap compared with the nerves repaired primarily. Based on logistic regression, each 1-day increase in duration between injury and surgery was associated with a 3% increase in the odds of requiring bridge repair. There is no defined critical window to achieve a primary nerve repair following injury. This study demonstrated that nerve injuries requiring bridge repair were associated with a significantly greater delay to surgery.

Does local injection of long acting corticosteroid improve postoperative outcome of hypospadias repair? A randomized controlled trial

PurposeTo assess the safety and efficacy of local corticosteroid injection during hypospadias repair.MethodsBetween May 2021 and March 2023 children less than 10 years who were admitted for hypospadias repair were divided by random allocation into two groups. We injected local corticosteroid 2 ml proximal to coronal sulcus in group A while in group B we didn’t. All types of hypospadias were included in the study. We excluded patients older than 10 years and those with pre-existing complicated hypospadias (multiple fistulae and multiple surgeries), or bleeding diatheses. Pre-operative, intraoperative and postoperative variables were compared between the two groups.ResultsA total of 120 patients (60 in each group) were enrolled in the study. The mean ages and preoperative variables were not significantly different. The site of hypospadias and the type of surgery were comparable in both groups. (Table) There were no significant differences between both groups regarding average blood loss and operative time in each type of surgical repair. There was a significant higher incidence of intraoperative and postoperative penile oedema in group B (P-value < 0.001) while the incidence of skin discolouration was higher in group A. Postoperative complications, described as Clavian classification, were significantly higher in group B. The incidences of superficial skin infection, meatal stenosis, urethral fistula, and recurrence with the need for redo repair were significantly higher in group B (P-value: 0.002, 0.018, 0.032, and 0.001, respectively).ConclusionLocal corticosteroid injection during hypospadias repair minimize the penile oedema and decrease the incidence of postoperative functional and cosmetic complications.

Оценка хозяйственно-биологических признаков малины ремонтантной в условиях Оренбургского Приуралья

Abstract. The agro-climatic conditions of the Orenburg Urals are considered sharply continental, but generally favorable for the cultivation of raspberries. However, periodically there is a risk of exposure to abiotic stresses on plants, as a result of which raspberry varieties cannot maximize their productive potential. The purpose of the work is to give a comprehensive assessment of varieties and forms of raspberries of the repair type of fruiting according to economic and biological characteristics and to identify varieties and forms with high productivity and fruit quality. Methods. The objects of research were 9 varieties and 3 forms of raspberries of repair domestic breeding: Gerakl, Rubinovoe Ozherel’e, Zhar-Ptitsa, Oranzhevoe Chudo, Kalashnik, Arisha, Karamel’ka, Malinovaya Gryada, Zevs, 2-73, 1-33, 1-43. In this work, the duration of the fruiting period, the regenerative ability, biological productivity and the main elements of its structure, as well as the biochemical qualities of fruits were evaluated. Results. The greatest number of fruits on the shoot was found in varieties Zhar-Ptitsa (C) (168–175 pcs.), Arisha (160–173 pcs.), Malinovaya Gryada (150–157 pcs.), in forms 1-33 (169 pcs.) and 2-73 (158 pcs.). The variety Gerakl during the three years studied had the highest average fruit weight of 6.5-6.9 g and exceeded the control (Zhar-Ptitsa) by 56.8–58.5%. Our studies show that in the selected varieties and forms of raspberry repair, the percentage of ripe berries varied from 80 to 100 %, the yield was: Gerakl – 17.2–20.1 t/ha, Arisha – 13.2–17.6 t/ha, Malinovaya Gryada – 11.3–17.2 t/ha and 1-33 – 11,6–17,8 t/ha. The maximum sugar content was found in the varieties Karamel’ka (8.1%), Arisha (7.9%), Malinovaya Gryada (7.7%), exceeding the control (Zhar-Ptitsa) by 5.5–12.5%. Scientific novelty. The obtained results on the evaluation of raspberry cultivars are of great practical importance and can be used both in production and in breeding work.

How RNA impacts DNA repair

The central dogma of molecular biology posits that genetic information flows unidirectionally, from DNA, to RNA, and finally to protein. However, this directionality is broken in some cases, such as reverse transcription where RNA is converted to DNA by retroviruses and certain transposable elements. Our genomes have evolved and adapted to the presence of reverse transcription. Similarly, our genome is continuously maintained by several repair pathways to reverse damage due to various endogenous and exogenous sources. More recently, evidence has revealed that RNA, while in certain contexts may be detrimental for genome stability, is involved in promoting certain types of DNA repair. Depending on the pathway in question, the size of these DNA repair-associated RNAs range from one or a few ribonucleotides to long fragments of RNA. Moreover, RNA is highly modified, and RNA modifications have been revealed to be functionally associated with specific DNA repair pathways. In this review, we highlight aspects of this unexpected layer of genomic maintenance, demonstrating how RNA may influence DNA integrity.

Insights into mechanism of DNA damage and repair-apoptosis in digestive gland of female scallop Chlamys farreri under benzo[a]pyrene exposure during reproductive stage

As one of the most carcinogenic persistent organic pollutants (POPs), benzo[a]pyrene (B [a]P) brings high toxicity to marine bivalves. Digestive gland is the most important metabolism-related organ of aquatic animals. This study conducted the digestive gland transcriptome of Chlamys farreri under B[a]P treatment at reproductive stages. And the reproductive-stage dependence metabolism-DNA repair-apoptosis process of scallops under 0, 0.04, 0.4 and 4 μg/L B[a]P was studied by qRT-PCR. The results demonstrated that the detoxification metabolism was disturbed after ovulation except for CYP3A4. In antioxidant system, antioxidant enzyme CAT and GPX, and GGT1 (one of the non-enzymatic antioxidants synthesis gene) continuously served the function of antioxidant defense. Three types of DNA repair were activated under B[a]P stress, however, DNA strand breaks were still serious. B[a]P exposure weakened death receptor pathway as well as enhanced mitochondrial pathway, surprisingly suppressing apoptosis in scallops. In addition, ten indicators were screened by Spearman correlation analysis. This study will provide sound theoretical basis for bivalve toxicology and contribute to the biomonitoring of marine POPs pollution.