Rational Type Research Articles

Is data-driven decision-making driven only by data? When cognition meets data

This paper aims in the context of data-driven decision making (DDDM) at investigating how biases related to the intuitive and rational types of human reasoning interact and how the trust in data changes applying the parallel-competitive theory. Using ethnographic research based on participatory observations, we explore the case of a traditional transportation firm in the northern UK and its earliest use of data to inform strategic decisions. We found that biases are grouped into what we called cognition trap, data trap, and trap recognition zones. We further observed three facets of trust in data as decision makers were falling into the three trap zones. These findings contribute to the parallel-competitive theory by unveiling the intriguing synergy of the intuitive and rational types of reasoning in DDDM and providing fine-grained insights related to biases and trust changes. The study also enlarges our understanding of the inception and nature of cognitive and data biases in the DDDM context. Managerial implications are also highlighted and further discussed.

An Approach of Integral Equations in Complex-Valued b -Metric Space Using Commuting Self-Maps

This paper is aimed at establishing some unique common fixed point theorems in complex-valued b -metric space under the rational type contraction conditions for three self-mappings in which the one self-map is continuous. A continuous self-map is commutable with the other two self-mappings. Our results are verified by some suitable examples. Ultimately, our results have been utilized to prove the existing solution to the two Urysohn integral type equations. This application illustrates how complex-valued b -metric space can be used in other types of integral operators.

The weak form of Hirzebruch’s prize question via rational surgery

We present a relatively elementary construction of a spin manifold with vanishing first rational Pontryagin class satisfying the conditions of Hirzebruch’s prize question, using a modification of Sullivan’s theorem for the realization of rational homotopy types by closed smooth manifolds. As such this is an alternative to the solutions of the problem given by Hopkins–Mahowald, though without the guarantee of the constructed manifold admitting a string structure. We present a particular solution which is rationally 7 connected with eighth Betti number equal to one; our approach yields many other solutions with complete knowledge of their rational homotopy type.

Психологическая концепция типов научной рациональности Часть 2. Развитие научного знания

In the first part of the article, it was shown that the type of scientific rationality of a particular theory is determined by the substantial features of the ideal ob­jects used. Depending on the contribution of two components to their content – elements of sensory experience and “free fiction” of the researcher – it is pro­posed to distinguish eight types of rationality. In the second part of the article, an attempt is made to trace the main trends of the historical change of these types of rationality in the history of science, as well as to identify the psycho­logical regulators of the creation of a new scientific knowledge by a particular researcher, specifically involving a transition to a different type of scientific rationality. The provisions of the psychological concept of the scientific ra­tionality types based on the constructivist version of the Self-Determination Theory are developed. A brief analysis of the changes of the rationality types in the history of natural sciences and socio-humanitarian knowledge is given. It is shown that the change of rationality types is nonlinear and assumes the simultaneous coexistence of at least several types within the same branch of science. At the same time, the type of rationality shared by a particular re­searcher determines his individual views on the permissibility of such coexist­ence. Within the framework of the constructivist version of the Self-Determin­ation Theory, the psychological regulators of the formation and competition of scientific knowledge (which are various types of emotionally charged im­ages created by the human psyche) are also analyzed. Psychological regulators of the researcher’s transition to a new type of scientific rationality for a spe­cific scientific field are identified.

Economic Evaluation Rationalities: How Life Trajectories Shape Beach Commerce as Seen Through the Bourdieusian Framework

Economic Evaluation Rationalities (EERs) of beach bar owners are central to the design of different patterns of commercial beaches. We ran multiple correspondence analysis based on data from 16 interviews with beach bar owners in Aracaju (Brazil) regarding their age, gender, educational status, origin, business longevity, use of social media, use of TripAdvisor and the way they measure customer’s satisfaction. The results showed three types of rationalities: word-of-mouth, expert recommendation and independent online evaluation. We also found that social, technological, generational and cultural capitals are active for the distribution of these three types of rationalities in the beach bar sub-field. The research framework can be replicated in different sets of commercial beaches, allowing for comparison, especially in terms of free and/or paid uses of the beach and the degree to which beach bar owners submit themselves to international trends in tourism management.

On the characterization of rational homotopy types and Chern classes of closed almost complex manifolds

Abstract We give an exposition of Sullivan’s theorem on realizing rational homotopy types by closed smooth manifolds, including a discussion of the necessary rational homotopy and surgery theory, adapted to the realization problem for almost complex manifolds: namely, we give a characterization of the possible simply connected rational homotopy types, along with a choice of rational Chern classes and fundamental class, realized by simply connected closed almost complex manifolds in real dimensions six and greater. As a consequence, beyond demonstrating that rational homotopy types of closed almost complex manifolds are plenty, we observe that the realizability of a simply connected rational homotopy type by a simply connected closed almost complex manifold depends only on its cohomology ring. We conclude with some computations and examples.

A fixed point principle in ordered metric spaces and applications to rational type contractions

<abstract><p>Fixed points results for rational type contractions in metric spaces have been widely studied in the literature. In the last years, many of these results are obtained in the context of partially ordered metric spaces. In this paper, we introduce a fixed point principle for a class of mappings between partially ordered metric spaces that we call orbitally order continuous. We show that the hypotheses in the statement of such a principle are not redundant and, in addition, that they cannot be weakened in order to guarantee the existence of a fixed point. Moreover, the relationship between this kind of mappings and those that are continuous and orbitally continuous is discussed. As an application, we extend many fixed point theorems for continuous contractions of rational type to the framework of those that are only orbitally order continuous. Furthermore, we get extensions of the aforementioned metric fixed point results to the framework of partial metrics. This is achieved thanks to the fact that each partial metric induces in a natural way a metric in such a way that our new principle is applicable. In both approaches, the metric and the partial metric, we show that there are orbitally order continuous mappings that satisfy all assumptions in our new fixed point principle but that they are not contractions of rational type. The explored theory is illustrated by means of appropriate examples.</p></abstract>

Explaining bias with bias.

Bermúdez argues that a framing effect is rational, which will be true if one accepts that the biased editing phase is rational. This type of rationality was called procedural by Simon. Despite being procedurally rational in the evaluation phase framing effect stems from biased way we set a reference point against which outcomes are compared.

Теоретико-эмпирическое обоснование принципов методологии постнеклассического периода в науке

The article presents in detail the methodology for studying the process of cogni­tion, which is characteristic of the post-non-classical type of scientific rationality. In accordance with the concept of scientific rationality types of Academician V.S. Stepin, who singled out a new level of scientific analysis in connection with the emergence of a new type of self-developing systems in science, the author pro­ceeds from the fact that the qualitative difference between post-nonclassical and previous types of rationality is its connection with the system of moral values of society, which is fundamentally new for science. The researcher of “human-sized” objects has to solve a number of ethical problems, defining the boundaries of pos­sible changes in the system. Under these conditions, the ethics of science, which stimulates the search for truth, is constantly correlated with general humanistic principles and values. The author proposed a fundamentally new method of re­search, which makes it possible to observe the creative process during the experi­ment as a self-developing process of cognition, during which new patterns are dis­covered in the absence of an external stimulus. The principle of post-non-classics “the connection of truth with morality” finds its clear confirmation in the mecha­nism of creativity justified by the author as the development of activity on the ini­tiative of the subject, provided the dominance of cognitive motivation in the struc­ture of his personality. In fact, this is an experimental proof of the theory of V.S. Stepin. At the same time, the post-nonclassical theory provides a methodolog­ical justification for the mechanism of creativity identified by the author for the first time as the ability to develop activities on one’s own initiative.

Polskie spory między populistycznym a prawnym konstytucjonalizmem wobec refleksyjności konstytucji

The article aims to analyse legal constitutionalism and populist constitutionalism as two dominant ideological positions in the constitutional discourse of the last decades. The analysis is focused on the exemplifications of these positions in writings of selected Polish legal scholars, in the context of the Polish constitutional crisis of the rule of law, and conducted from the perspective of the philosophy of reflexivity. This theoretical and methodological approach enables demonstrating that the two examined doctrines – despite all the differences between them – share common erroneous assumptions regarding the relationships between law, democracy, and constitutional practice. Both of them strive to shape this practice in a closed-end and monological manner, subjected to one particular type of rationality. For legal constitutionalism, this will be juridical rationality, and for its populist counterpart – political rationality. This shared fallacy makes their ongoing dispute futile. An alternative approach to constitutionalism is to take into account the fundamental reflexivity of constitutional practice (regarded as the practice of creating, applying and interpreting a constitution, and of public debate on its text). In line with the general characteristics of reflexivity, constitutional practice appears as an open and pluralistic process, mediating between different viewpoints in society. Such an alternative is important not only when considering the Polish constitutional disputes, but also in the broader context of the contemporary crisis of liberal-democratic constitutional orders.

Психологическая концепция типов научной рациональности Часть 1. Идеальные объекты и типы рациональности

The article presents a psychological concept of the scientific rationality types, which is based on the constructivist version of the Self-Determination Theory. In part 1, the author shows that the scientific rationality type of a particular theory is determined by the content features of used ideal objects. Depending on the contribution of two components – elements of sensory experience and “free fiction” of the researcher – it is proposed to distinguish eight types of ratio­nality. The conditionally objective type assumes that scientific knowledge is mathematized and is constructed using ideal objects that do not have a scientific sense. Within the framework of three externalized types of rationality, ideal ob­jects created in three different ways have both a scientific sense and perceptual counterparts. The three internalized types of scientific rationality are associated with ideal objects also constructed in different ways that have a scientific sense, but do not have perceptual counterparts. All of these variants assume that ideal objects describe the reality being studied. In contrast to them, the eighth, con­structivist type of scientific rationality involves the use of ideal objects that are fundamentally unrelated to external reality.

Динамика философской рациональности и общественно-историческая практика

Philosophy in its history in many ways anticipates classical, nonclassical, and postnonclassical types of scientific rationality. : Behind the nonclassical and classical types it is possible to see something more than variants of science. These types correspond to certain styles of human thinking in general and certain worldview positions in particular. The analysis of the main issue of worldview reveals the evolution of the human’s attitude to the world, which is examined in the paper using the concepts of V.S. Stepin, G.S. Batishchev, M.M. Prokhorov, V.V. Kizima, M.G. Zelentsova, and V.A. Kutyrev as examples. This evolution is expressed in the dynamics of philosophical thought. In its historical development, the world philosophy forms the main spiral line of development, manifesting itself in the forms of classical, nonclassical, and postnonclassical philosophical thinking. The first of them implies a monologue of the world, the second one — a monologue of the human, and the third one — a dialogue between them. Since this dialogue takes place with the leading role of the human, postnonclassical philosophy is anthropocen-tric. It has an integrative character since it includes classical and nonclassical rationality as its subordinate moments. The condition for success of practical activity is the application of a particular historical type of rationality to the relevant type of systems: classical rationality — to simple systems, nonclassical rational-ity — to complex self-regulating systems, postnonclassical rationality — to complex self-developing sys-tems. Postnonclassical thinking assumes a deeply personal and practically oriented position of the cogniz-er. Using the problem of the interformational transition from capitalism to postcapitalism as an example, the paper examines the peculiarities of practical application of postnonclassical thinking to society as a complex, self-developing system. Classical-type thinking, characteristic of Leninism, has conditioned the current failure of the interformational transition. The postnonclassical understanding of the latter consists not in following an externally imposed social model, but in the free self-activity of social subjects. Keywords: postnonclassical rationality, anthropocentrism, dialogue, practice.

Основні моделі політичної комунікації та їх прояви в сучасну епоху

It is noted that the concept of social communication is quite important and influential in modern society, determining its type and form of power relations. It has been proven that information and communication technologies are changing during transformational changes in all spheres of human life, traditional mass media are being replaced by so-called social media. In the modern era, this form of political communication has become the most popular means of conveying information to the population. The main platform for creating new socio-political communications is currently provided by the Internet, virtual reality of which has unlimited opportunities for this process. The main features of democratic and totalitarian models of political communication, which possess a large number of various language tools, are substantiated.Manifestations of the manipulative nature of public speech, which is present in the totalitarian model of political communication, are identified. It is shown that such types of rationality were formed during the Soviet times, which, together with the value priorities that were formed earlier, changed the political discourse under the old regime to a state of «clinical» monologism. Important socio-economic events and political decisions became tools of propaganda. The phenomenon of simulation of democratic governance, which was the most widespread in political life in the so-called post-communist period, is substantiated.The practice of «double morality» has become a characteristic feature of the Soviet-style public consciousness and the system of «internal censorship», which is one of the elements of such consciousness. It was concluded that political discourse under such conditions is practically impossible. It was determined that public dialogue in post-communist countries is largely distorted by totalitarian values and traditions of totalitarian political language. This greatly complicates the process of transition to a democratic political discourse, which is one of the sources of legitimacy of the institutions of a developed civil society.

НА ШЛЯХУ ДО ПОСТНЕКЛАСИЧНОГО ДІАЛОГУ У ВИЩІЙ ОСВІТІ

Introduction. Renewing the "picture of the world" requires a new culture of academic dialogue between students and teachers, which in the postclassical paradigm is understood as a dialogue of cultures. educational process at the university and training of future professionals.Purpose. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of postclassical dialogue as a tool of didactic interaction in modern higher education in order to outline the problems of its effectiveness in postclassical conditions.Originality. The peculiarities of postclassical dialogue as a tool of didactic interaction in modern higher education are substantiated.The first, such a characteristic was a new type of rationality, understood as the variability of the boundaries of thinking.Thus, the content of didactic dialogue focuses on a new type of productivity - not on the assimilation of a certain amount of educational content, but on a specific professional achievement of the student. Measuring it, new measures of its individual development are defined. The second feature of the study was the principle of additionality of two subjects in the dialogue, which can last as long as one of the subjects needs the other. This obliges them to constantly change the limits of their competence. The third characteristic of the didactic dialogue was its holding as a dialogue of cultures, which requires knowledge of the history, experience and culture of each of the subjects, which are perceived as cultural products of their time.Methods. To solve this goal, a set of methods was used: study and analysis of scientific and special literature and practical experience on the research problem; pedagogical observation, conversation.Results. An understandingoftheculturological-dialogicalperspectiveinuniversity didactics, which provides for the voluntary involvement of students in creating something new as a value, as sustainability, is presented. Such a philosophy is aimed at practical life and cannot be implemented outside of dialogic communication, because dialogic interaction is a tool of human development.

Some Common Fixed Point Results in Cone Metric Spaces for Rational Contractions

A very engrossing technique in theory of contractive mapping fixed point. A number of authors have defined contractive type mappings on a cone metric spaces X which are generalization of the well -known Banach contraction, and have the property that each of such mapping has a unique fixed point. The fixed point can always be found by using Picard Iteration, opening with initial choice x₀∈X. In this manuscript, we generalize, extend and improve the result under the assumption of normality of cone for rational expression type contraction mapping in cone metric spaces. The present article is to provide a new alternative proof for two and three mapping and obtain the entity and exclusiveness of common fixed point. The concernment of the present paper to open a new direction of proof to be extended based on the methods of rational type contraction mapping in cone metric spaces of fixed-point theory. The assistance of this article is organized as follows. In section 2, preliminary notes. In this section we recall some standard notations and definitions which we needed. In section 3, the main results of the author are given. In this section we evidence of new results for two and three maps. In section 4, gives brief concluding note of the paper.

ОЦІНКА ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ПОВ’ЯЗАНОСТІ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПРИ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ МОДЕЛЮВАННІ СИСТЕМИ ВИПРОБУВАНЬ

The national security and defense capability of the state is largely determined by the level of equipping the armed forces with modern weapons and military equipment. An important point in the rearmament of the army is the high-quality and timely testing of the latest military models, which, to a large extent, is ensured by successful and systematic planning and management of test activities. The automated test support information system is aimed at solving such problems. During the IDEF0 notation, functional modeling of the armaments and military equipment testing system was designed, which allowed to determine the system-wide characteristics of information flows, but did not allow obtaining models performance evaluation. Existing methods for estimating distributed structures, as a rule, are reduced to estimating the connectivity of graph models and do not take into account the features of the interface of the IDEF0 notation functions.The article considers the issue of evaluation of functional models at the pre-design stage. A method for estimating the functional connectivity of processes in the functional modeling of complex systems using graph-ical notation IDEF0 and using automated design tools is proposed. The estimation has clear logical limits and is sensitive to changes in the parameters of the evaluated model. Due to the different importance of connections provided by the graphical notation interface IDEF0, it is proposed to use a scale of importance of the type of connection, which reflects the assessment of the connectedness of functions of strong or weak types of connections, and, accordingly, the success and rationality of functional configuration models. Estimates of the functional model of the weapons and military equipment test system are obtained.The use of the proposed evaluation method will allow to compare the structures of functional models of complex systems at the stage of pre-design studies

ЦИВИЛИСТИЧЕСКАЯ МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ: ПОНЯТИЕ И ОСНОВНЫЕ ЭТАПЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

The article offers a broad understanding of the civilistic methodology and provides a brief description of the main stages of its formation and development. Periodization is considered using historical and structural-functional criteria. The nonlinear connection between civilistic science and civilistic methodology is substantiated, the possibility of a scientific approach to determining the stages of development of civilistic methodology is proved. The features of civilistic methodology in the context of classical, non-classical and post-classical types of scientific rationality are revealed.

Философско-методологические основания постнеклассической кибернетики третьего порядка

The article presents a philosophical and methodological analysis of the evolu­tion of paradigms of cybernetics of the first, second and third-order. We used N. Bohr’s principle of correspondence, established in physical science, the ideas of scientific revolutions by T.S. Kuhn, J. Holton’s ideas about the use in new paradigms of cross-cutting thematic structures as peculiar trajectories of the historical development of science, as well as M. Polanyi’s ideas about the influence of personal knowledge of creators on the content of new scien­tific paradigms. An analysis of three examples proposed by third-order cyber­netics allowed us to conclude that they set particular directions of develop­ment, but cannot claim to be a qualitatively new step in the development of cybernetics, the transition to third-order cybernetics, which would include both private paradigms of first and second-order cybernetics. For the philo­sophical and methodological basis for the formation of new paradigms of cy­bernetics, we propose a construction of three types of scientific rationality (V.S. Stepin), which meets the requirements of the N. Bohr’s principle of cor­respondence and the criteria of T.S. Kuhn. From these positions, the article substantiates the correctness of the formation of post-non-classical cyber­netics of self-developing poly-subjective (reflexive-active) environments in which there are three stages of development of subjective paradigms, basic philosophical approaches, objects of control, control mechanisms, types of observers, activity and subjectness approaches, basic types of reflexion, ethi­cal regulators, ideas about information and knowledge, subjects and pseudo-subjectness of digital transformation and artificial intelligence, disciplinary scientific approaches. The presented logic of development gives arguments that post-non-classical cybernetics has grounds to be cybernetics of the third order.

ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЯ АНТРОПОЛОГІЧНИХ ІДЕЙ ЕПОХИ В МИСТЕЦЬКІЙ БІОГРАФІЇ

The article is dedicated to considering the specifics of interpreting humanistic statements of the epoch in the creative personality’s biography. The dominating toposes of European civilization have been revealed by the author and their productivity for constructing the contemporary artist’s existence, as well as overcoming the homo sapiens topical challenges, were justified. The research objective is to analyze anthropological views of different ages/centuries, to reveal the specifics of their implementation in the significant person’s biography, as well as to prove the remarkable dogmas of the preceding epochs being able to become the basis for shaping the master’s chronicle and to enhance the solution of current philantropic questions. The methodological basis of the research presupposes a complex of the following approaches: culture studies, systemic, comparative and analytical. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time ever, national arts studies are introduced by the thesis throwing light on the key humanistic fundamentals of world culture being explicated by the master’s chronicles. The conclusions confirm the following: the contemporary spiritual issue is a crisis; thus, it requires social structuring based on axiological background of the previous historical periods. The biography demonstrates a focus on the unique profile’s personal heritage. Ancient patterns reflect an image of an ideal personality reaching the harmonious combination of the intellectual, mental and corporal issues. The chronicles of the Middle Ages illustrate the Christianity-centric focus of an individual. The Renaissance patterns interpret the person as the Universe domain, the essense of which combines high moral qualities and physical perfection. The Enlightenment philosophy confirms the rational personality type, the chronicle witnessing the skill of taking responsibility for both personal and social being. The Romanticism interprets private existence and the character’s creative initiative, while the biography idealizes the images and reveals their inner intentions. Individual history of the Modernism facilitates the psychological and documental constituents. The Postmodernism issue suggests the variations of solving anthropological controversy of the epoch and understands the master as the embodiment of key ontological tendencies. The contemporary biography is free of dogmas; however, the suggested character combines the fundamental concepts of the past centuries being based on them and constructing a unique world concept able of solving the contradictions of a period.

«Стволовая клетка» сознания, культуры, цивилизации (к 90-летию академика В.А. Лекторского)

It is culture and society that make it possible for human consciousness to emerge and develop, yet it is human consciousness that gives an impulse to culture and society and sets their guidelines. This inevitable self-reference makes it impossi­ble to define straight cause-and-effect dependence between consciousness, cul­ture and society. Traditionally, the dialectics of individual and collective con­sciousness was supposed to solve the puzzle. In its stead, it is proposed to understand all the three as the unfolding of the same ‘stem cell’, i.e., the ‘what-and-such’ svyaznost’ (connectivity and linkage) that displays itself at every level of consciousness: perception, speech and thought. The ‘what-and-such’ svyaznost’ cannot be further reduced, because the ‘what’ looses its ‘whatness’ without its ‘such’, and its ‘such’ dissolves when not linked to its ‘what’, and at the same time the ‘what’ and ‘such’ stay always distinct and unmerged. The tech­nology of setting the ‘what-and-such’ linkage varies, accounting for the basic variability of human reason. There is a pressing need to scrutinize the archive of non-European big cultures in order to disclose new, hitherto unknown types of reason. This task had been carried out to a large extent in regard to the substance reason (European big culture) and process reason (Arab-Muslim big culture), where fundamental specificity of worldview, language usage and society are set by the specific type of rationality. The perspective of studying the South-Asian and Far-Eastern types of reason is outlined. The detailed definition of the ‘what-and-such’ as the principle of consciousness, culture and society is proposed.