Type Of Publicity Research Articles

Preparing for the inevitable: Strategically navigating negative publicity in the contemporary business landscape

In the contemporary business landscape, the effective management of negative publicity stands as a critical challenge for organizations seeking sustained success. This prompts a crucial inquiry: How should firms handle different instances of negative publicity? This article presents a strategic and comprehensive review of existing approaches to navigating the complexities of negative publicity. While not rooted in an empirical study, this work contributes to the literature through a systematic literature review encompassing 63 peer-reviewed journal publications spanning from 2008 to 2022. We find that effective management of negative publicity depends on a dual-focused strategy: On the one hand, firms must deploy proactive measures to prevent the effects of a negative event; on the other hand, they need to enact strategies to promptly respond to a negative event once it transpires. Therefore, we propose a framework capturing the pre- and post-negative-publicity strategies that firms can adopt in situation-specific contexts. Within this framework, we establish connections between these strategies and two types of negative publicity (value-based and performance-based), along with the sources of negative publicity situations, identifying customers, employees, and the company itself as critical triggers.

The spillover effects of positive and negative corporate social responsibility publicity: How and why the effect is lessened versus amplified

AbstractBuilt on the categorization theory and Herzberg's dual‐factor theory, this study consisted of two experiments to investigate how and when small brands were affected by the corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance of other brands in the same product category. This study specifically focused on the type of CSR publicity (positive vs. negative), brand fit (high vs. low), and other brands' leadership positions (high vs. low). The results of Study 1 (156 U.S. consumers) revealed that a leading brand's CSR activities can increase consumers' CSR expectations toward another big brand more than that toward a small brand, by setting up consumers' CSR expectation standards toward the industry as a whole. That is, the big brand's CSR performance was less likely to increase CSR expectations toward the small brand. Study 2 (244 U.S. consumers) confirmed that a brand's CSR activities positively influence its product attitude. In addition, the effect of a small brand's negative CSR publicity on its product attitude was mitigated by other brands' similar publicity. In contrast, other brands' publicity did not amplify the effect of a small brand's positive CSR publicity. These findings manifested small brands were conditionally influenced by other brands in the same category. This suggested that small brands should strategically allocate resources to fulfill CSR by determining their position relative to leading brands as well as to other players in the market.

ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMASARAN PRODUK PENGHIMPUNAN DANA DI KSPPS BMT PETA CABANG KEDIRI

The aim of this research is to find out the marketing strategy for fund raising products at the Kediri branch of KSPPS BMT PETA and to find out the obstacles that KSPPS BMT PETA Kediri branch often experiences in marketing fund raising products. The type of research used is field research using a qualitative descriptive approach, collecting data through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research are that the marketing strategy for fund raising products at KSPPS BMT PETA Kediri branch has three strategies, namely: product strategy including determining the brand and creating a motto for each savings or savings product, location strategy includes choosing an office location that feels like it is in the right place. strategic, for its promotional strategy it uses two types of promotional tools, namely advertising and publicity. However, in marketing fund-raising products there are several obstacles that are often experienced by the Kediri branch of KSPPS BMT PETA, namely: competition between BMTs in adjacent locations, lack of supplies at the Kediri branch of the KSPPS BMT PETA office, lack of human resources at the Kediri branch of the KSPPS BMT PETA office.

Public awareness and attitudes toward biobank and sample donation: A regional Chinese survey.

The biobank is an extraordinary aid to research and scientific progress. Public involvement in biobanks, necessary for their development, is limited due to inadequate knowledge of biobanking and concerns about sample donation. This study explores the effectiveness of different publicity methods in improving participants' willingness to donate, and assesses public motivations and concerns. It aims to identify an efficient method of improving participants' awareness of biobanking and promoting sample donation. A structured 20-item questionnaire was formulated to evaluate participants' knowledge of and attitudes toward biobanks and sample donation. In total, 1,500 questionnaires were disseminated to three groups of 500 participants who received, respectively, picture-based promotional material, text-based promotional material, or who attended a biobank-related lecture. Of these, 945 completed questionnaires were received. All the participants completed the questionnaires twice, before and after the corresponding publicity education. After each of the three methods of publicity based on text, pictures and a lecture, respondents' willingness to donate samples was significantly increased (P < 0.001), the lecture being more effective than the other two methods (P = 0.001). Participants with a medical background were more willing to donate biospecimens after publicity than those without medical backgrounds (P < 0.005) but had common motivations for donation including altruism and aiding medical research. The main concern hindering respondents' willingness to donate was the security of personal information. Different types of biobank-related publicity based on text material, pictorial material and a lecture all improved respondents' willingness to donate and reduced concerns regarding sample donation. Medical background was a critical factor affecting attitudes toward sample donation after publicity. The results of this study suggest strategies that may popularize biobanks and enhance sample donation, further promoting the development of biobanks.

Understanding damage to and reparation of brand trust: a closer look at image congruity in the context of negative publicity

PurposeStudies have shown that negative publicity adversely affects brand trust, but exactly how brand trust can be damaged remains poorly understood. This study aims to explore how negative publicity influences image congruity and, subsequently, brand trust. In addition, the study also examined the effectiveness of two corporate strategies to repair both congruity and trust.Design/methodology/approachBased on a valid sample of 522 Chinese consumers between the ages 20 and 50, this study adopted a quasi-experimental design involving two types of negative publicity (performance- and value-related) and two initial corporate repair strategies (compensation and public apology) intended to repair brand trust.FindingsNegative publicity shaped brand trust through both functional congruity and self-congruity. Moreover, the type of negative publicity affected the role of image congruity in brand trust. The effectiveness of repair strategies further depended on the type of negative publicity.Research limitations/implicationsMobile phones were an appropriate focal product for this research, but examining only one product category may limit findings’ generalizability. Negative emotions such as frustration or anger and their relationships with congruity can also be addressed in future work. Subsequent research can additionally consider more conditions to explore alternative routes of processing related to brand trust.Practical implicationsBrand trust is a vulnerable brand asset on which negative publicity can have seriously negative consequences. Marketers and brand managers should assess the extent to which negative publicity can damage image congruity and brand trust and come up with different repair strategies subsequently.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the limited and fragmented literature on consumers’ evaluations of negative information. Findings offer fresh insight into the impacts of negative publicity on image congruity and brand trust. The implications extend beyond negative publicity to other forms of negative information, such as rumors, fake news and negative word of mouth. Results also highlight the importance of adopting appropriate repair strategies to restore consumers’ trust in the event of negative publicity.

사례를 통해 본 테마파크 내 공공성 회복 방안 연구

Purpose: As we entered, 21th century, various types of theme parks are being planned and constructed with the aim of developing various leisure spaces. However, most of theme parks are developed, as commercial facilities in terms of business, the theme parks as a public space has been disappeared. So the purpose of this study is to present a public-relief plan for theme parks out of business view. Method: The method of research as follows, this study starts from how to set the concept of the publicity at the space design. Based on the analysis the period, research and literature research, we draw the type of securring publicity at space design, Through the this analysis frame, the cases by the each type are suggested and the chracteristics are analyzed. Results: The publicity is consisted of 4 concepts-public service, public interest, fairness and public opinion. From spacial point of view, the characteristics of publicity are openness, inclusion, communication. And transparency and neutrality are pursued on the process. The theme park cases by the each type are analyzed through these framework, we can examine the applicability of the publicity recovery at theme park. Now theme park hinders the development of the public space having publicity, the design approach through these diversified frameworks is needed for expansive theme park development.

Promosi Pariwisata Islami Sebagai Komunikasi Pembangunan Pemerintah Kota Pagaralam Sumatera Selatan

AbstractTourism promotion is one of the effective efforts to promote city tourism. The success of promotion is influenced by many aspects, such as the ability of the communicator to set communication goals so that the message conveyed is attractive and effective. The purpose of this study was to know the practice of tourism promotion, the interpretation of Pagaralam City Government employees on tourism promotion activities and their roles, and the relationship between Pagaralam City Government employees and the public. Researchers used a qualitative research design with a phenomenological tradition. This study found that the chosen type of tourism promotion was publicity, print publication, electronic and internet media. Their interpretation of tourism promotion activities in Pagaralam is formulated into two categories, namely promotion of activities as promotional activities and substantial promotion as formal promotions. The relation between the public relations officer and the public is going well. AbstrakPromosi pariwisata merupakan salah satu upaya efektif untuk mempromosikan pariwisata kota. Keberhasilan promosi dipengaruhi oleh banyak aspek, seperti kemampuan komunikator dalam menetapkan tujuan komunikasi agar pesan yang disampaikan menarik dan efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui praktek promosi pariwisata, interpretasi pegawai Pemerintah Kota Pagaralam terhadap kegiatan promosi pariwisata dan peran mereka, dan hubungan antara pegawai Pemerintah Kota Pagaralam dan publik. Peneliti menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif dengan tradisi fenomenologi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa jenis promosi pariwisata yang dipilih adalah publisitas, publikasi dengan percetakan, media elektrotik dan internet. Interpretasi mereka atas kegiatan promosi pariwisata di Pagaralam dirumuskan dalam dua kategori, yaitu promosi kegiatan sebagai kegiatan promosi dan promosi substansial sebagai promosi formal. Hubungan antara petugas humas dan publik berjalan baik.

Digital marketing on destination sustainability Study case: Romanian Ecotourism

Abstract Marketing and publicity have played a very significant role in promoting touristic destinations. Over the years, destinations promoted in papers, magazines and even movies, have become more and more crowded. This phenomenon even happened to the extent that it threatens the local environment and the wellbeing of locals. By studying recent news regarding popular tourist destinations, the article will observe the shift in the mindset of both tourists and policy makers. Therefore, should campaigns be held to raise awareness regarding different threats a destination faces, a shift of mindset will occur. This can be observed from the point of view of policy makers, locals and even tourists. The aim of this article is to study and compare both, publicity done for sustainability and publicity done for the sake of popularizing a touristic destination. Through this comparison the article wants to see if there are any changes in the behavior of tourists when reaching specifically advertised destinations but also if certain types of publicity have determined policy makers to take a stand for sustainability.

الحد الفاصل بين الإعلان والإعلام تداخل المستويات في الصحافة (حالة العراق)

The advertisement is important in maximizing the resources of journalistic institutions. It helps them to perform their duties and also establishes their independence. However, this type of communication has often overlapped with other types of communication, including media and publicity. Those in charge of the press bear responsibility in this regard, as some of them harness the advertisement for personal purposes; or detrimental to media content. Many communication authorities have drawn attention to the danger of confusing the concepts and levels of the three activities and have moved towards establishing rules to reduce overlap between them. The aim of this research is to try to disengage the concept of advertising, media, and propaganda; and to develop a comprehensive vision for each of them to push the newsmen to distance themselves from falling into the trap of misleading readers through the messages contained in each activity; as well as to avoid the misleading pattern in the ads hidden behind the media or convert any of them to a deceptive or ambiguous communication pattern for the public as it might happen using propaganda activity. As for the choice of the situation in Iraq, the research considers that such situation has a specificity that requires study from the perspective of its transition from the era of media power or the central experience in the management of media to uncontrolled openness of frameless laws, especially after the stormy change that took place on April 2003. The research believes that the overlap between the three levels of communication seemed deeper and broader, which requires scientific treatment to help those involved in communication; or those involved in press sector, to qualify themselves so that there is no direct threat to their profession or a danger facing the greatness of the message they perform as a result of the lack of boundaries between advertising, media, and publicity . The research monitored through studying the case of Iraq that the levels mentioned are not clear in terms of function and concept in the minds of some of those involved in communication. Such a situation requires some work of rehabilitation concerning their field. The study, moreover, found that some forces of political and economic finance intervene in order to influence the press through a kind of propaganda paid to threaten the press distracting it from its professional ethics. The study sees that some governmental institutions perform a pressure on newspapers to drive them to shine their image or to wage a media war against the newspapers that refuse to submit to such reason. Some private sectors, moreover, intend, deliberately, to adopt selectivity in distributing the advertisements under pressure, or allegations of third parties with what contradicts the standards of publishing.

The Militia’s Strategy in Using Public Information Space (Media Strategy of Militia to Reform the Organization Image in Bali)

This study examines the media strategy developed by the militia in Bali, a civil troop organizes itself into a security service. Bali has experienced massive tourism industrialization meaning security services are required. Unfortunately, these groups are often associated with “premanism” (thuggery). In the period of 2012 – 2016, these militia groups spent much energy reforming their organizations’ image. Various strategies have been developed, using public information space to expose their organizations’ brand of populism. The research question then, is what media strategy has the militia adopted to reform their organizations’ image? To answer this question, data was collected by interview, observation and documentation. This research found that the types of publicity used by mass organizations in Bali are primarily pure publicity and paid publicity. Pure publicity can be seen at every celebration of religious holidays. The three main mass organizations in Bali seem to compete to congratulate the holidays with large billboard campaigns on the edge of the highway. On most occassions, the billboards also display photos of the leaders of these mass organizations. These leaders claimed that the initial purpose of installing the billboards was both to show a sense of tolerance towards other religions and to highlight the existence of these organizations. Paid publicity is usually undertaken in the form of advertorials. Meanwhile, they also use social media to publicize their social activities. Different from the traditional media they use, their social media represents their populist image as a tolerant social organization under the cultural wisdom “Ajeg Bali”, reflected by the use of Balinese Gods, weapons and colors as their symbols.

El Open Data de la Publicidad Institucional

The aim of this study is to analyze the structure and content of open data on institutional advertising appearing in Spanish municipal open data portals. We selected those portals that gather data on advertising and created an annual index for each municipality to compare the evolution of this spending from 2006 to 2017. The results reveal that the release of data concerning this type of publicity is given a low profile. Additionally, the data are structured in non-standardized fashion and lack certain relevant information. Change is required in these practices in light of the close relationship perceived between institutional advertising, municipal elections, and the citizenry.

Análisis de los envases en juguetes y alimentos para niños en el Ecuador

False advertising might be understood as a type of publicity that with falseness promise a certain quality, benefit or satisfaction from a product or service. One of the areas that is vulnerable to experience this bad praxis is the children's marketing. The children's advertising present peculiarities worthy of study. The use of deceitful strategies to seduce these consumers is not always judged or contemplated by the national legislation. This reasearch tries to analyze the advertising communication in containers of children's products taking also into account the receiver's nature, his behavior when is facing the media and the factors that intercede in this communicational process. The objective is to investigate towards a categorization of the persuasive strategies, placing an emphasis on the used formats and the main characteristics of the persuasive arguments. It was analyzed a representative sample of products and services in different areas such as toy industry or the food sector. The results show and describe false advertising patterns according to the type of children's product. The article concludes with some specific legislative and educational proposals to the national context.

Asymmetric cognitive, emotional and behavioural effects of values-related and performance-related negative brand publicity

PurposeThis research aims to systematically explore the cognitive and emotional effects of values-related and performance-related negative brand publicity and investigate how the psychological effects translate into different behavioural outcomes. In addition, it examines the relative effectiveness of two major brand response strategies in mitigating negative publicity.Design/methodology/approachTwo experimental studies were conducted to test the hypotheses. Study 1 examines the effects of values- and performance-related negative brand publicity, using a 3 (negative brand publicity: values-related vs performance-related vs control) × 2 (brand: Dove vs Axe) between-subjects experiment. Study 2 further compares the effects of two major brand response strategies on consumers’ post-crisis perceived trustworthiness and trust and responses towards a brand involved in negative publicity. A 2 (negative brand publicity: values-related vs performance-related) × 2 (brand response strategy: reduction-of-offensiveness vs corrective action) between-subjects design was used.FindingsThe results suggest that values-related negative brand publicity is perceived as being more diagnostic and elicits a stronger emotion of contempt, but a weaker emotion of pity than performance-related negative brand publicity. Moreover, values-related negative brand publicity has a stronger negative impact on consumer responses than performance-related negative brand publicity. Interestingly, compared to perceived diagnosticity of information and the emotion of pity, the emotion of contempt is more likely to cause differences in consumer responses to these two types of negative brand publicity. Regarding brand response strategy, corrective action is more effective than reduction-of-offensiveness for both types of negative brand publicity, but the advantage of corrective action is greater for the performance-related case.Originality/valueThis research enriches the negative publicity and brand perception literature, showing the asymmetric cognitive, emotional and behavioural effects of values- and performance-related negative brand publicity. It also identifies the psychological mechanisms underlying consumer responses to negative brand publicity, and it provides empirical evidence for the relative effectiveness of two major brand response strategies.

TATA KELOLA HUMAS PEMERINTAH DAERAH, KAJIAN DI TIGA INSTANSI DI SUMATERA BARAT

In order for Government Public Relations to achieve its objectives as a bridge between government and society, good governance is needed. For this reason, the Indonesian Ministry of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform (Kemenpan) issued Permenpan No. 30/2011 concerning General Guidelines for Public Relations Governance in Government Agencies. After more than five years the Permenpan was issued, it was necessary to conduct research to monitor the extent to which improvements have been made to Government Public Relations. Monitoring in the form of research is considered important to know the diversity of government public relations governance practices.&#x0D; The study was conducted in three cities in West Sumatra, namely Padang, Solok and Payakumbuh. Research subjects are Government Public Relations officials, media practitioners, political activists and other relevant stakeholders. The research resulted in the finding that Permenpan No. 30/2011 has not become a reference for the work of the third Public Relations Division of the Municipal Government that was studied. The emphasis of public relations work is more on relations with the media (media relations) by prioritizing the publication of the activities of the mayor and deputy mayor. Attention to ten other types of publicity emphasized in Permenpan No. 30/2011 is minimal.

‘Ah, love! It’s not for me!’ Off-screen romance and Pola Negri’s star persona

ABSTRACTThe Polish actor Pola Negri embarked on her American film career in 1922, after signing a lucrative contract with Famous-Players Lasky. She was promoted as a fiery, European woman of temperament and ‘a wild cat … who doesn’t calculate’. Hollywood star discourse paid particular attention to romantic alliances between Negri and a number of successful screen actors; in generating this type of publicity, the studio ensured its chief star was portrayed as a passionate, continental diva. Yet the strategy proved to be a double-edged sword. First of all, the highly publicised, brief relationships with non-American men suggested a strong, active sexuality and unwillingness to settle down. Secondly, Negri’s public disclosure of grief after the death of her fiancé Rudolph Valentino violated the more reserved American norms of mourning, attracting criticism. Her marriage to Prince Serge Mdivani shortly after Valentino’s death caused outrage and reinforced her position as a star placed on the margins of the main current of American society. Fan magazines such as Photoplay ascribed Negri with the fixed, static persona of an Old-World diva, resistant to all attempts at Americanisation. As a result, Negri came to symbolise the most dreaded aspects of modernity in the person of the foreign woman, which effectively impeded the advancement of her Hollywood career.

Negative Brand Publicity and Consumer Attributions

main research objective of this study is to investigate the impact of corporate brand dominance on the attribution processes formed for two different types of negative brand publicity, namely performance-related (e.g., product defects) and value-related (e.g., unethical practices). Corporate brand dominance refers as the visibility of a firm's corporate brand in product communications. It is expected to moderate the effect of negative brand publicity on consumer attributions. A firm with a high level of corporate brand dominance may be protected from being blamed for negative events. In addition, the role of individual thinking styles (analytic vs. holistic) is expected to affect the the moderating influence of corporate brand dominance. Holistic thinkers are more likely to consider external context-based explanations for negative publicity and tend to form non-firm-related attributions. In contrast, analytic thinkers are less likely to consider contextual factors and tend to form firm-related attributions which may lead to a greater impairment of consumer responses. In this study, consumers' product evaluations, company evaluations and purchase intentions are specified as the outcomes of the consumer attribution process. Performance- and value-related negative brand publicity would significantly affect consumers’ judgment and attributions of negative events.In order to examine the proposed research hypotheses, an experiment was conducted in a major city in mainland China. experiment aimed to examine the impact of the two types of negative brand publicity on consumer attributions regarding locus of responsibility and controllable-by-firm. A 2 (type of negative publicity: performance-related vs. value-related) x 2 (corporate brand dominance: high vs. low) x 2 (individual thinking style: analytic vs. holistic) experimental design was adopted. One hundred and sixty adult consumers were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the six experimental treatments and their consumer attributions regarding locus of responsibility and controllable-by-firm were measured. A fictitious brand of athletic shoe (Meiken) was used to manipulate the type of negative publicity and corporate brand dominance. subjects were asked to read a news release designed to represent a performance-related (i.e., product defect) or value-related (i.e., not keeping promises) event. Corporate brand dominance was manipulated by means of the prominent visbility of the brand in the four advertisements. subjects were required to expose to the four advertisements repeatedly. brand logo and name were big and very obvious for high corporate brand dominance while they were relatively small and not obvious for low corporate brand dominance. Analytic and holistic thinkers were identified by using a ten-item 7-point scale. subjects were asked to agree or disagree with a set of 10 statements such as “Everything in the universe is somehow related to each other” and “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts” (1=strongly disagree; 7=strongly agree). Responses to all 10 statements were averaged and a median split was used to identify analytic and holistic thinkers. Locus of causality attributions were measured by three 7-point Likert-type items such as: “The firm was responsible for the negative event, The firm should be blamed for the negative event', and The firm did contribute to the unpleasant outcome (1=strongly disagree; 7=strongly agree). Controllability attributions were measured by three 7-point Likert-type items such as: The negative incident was controllable by the firm, “Nobody in this firm could have stopped the incident from happening”, and “Little could be done by this firm to stop what happened in the incident” (1=strongly disagree; 7=strongly agree). dependent variables (i.e., product evaluations, company evaluations and purchase intentions) were measured by a three-item 7-point scale (1=very bad/very unlikely; 7=very good/very likely).Two manipulation checks were employed to assess the success of corporate brand dominance manipulation. participants were asked about their familiarity with the brand on a 7-point semantic differential scale ranging from 1 (very unfamiliar) to 7 (very familiar). In addition, brand reputation was measured on a 7-point semantic differential scale ranging from 1 (not reputable not all) to 7 (very reputable). Significant mean differences between the two different conditions (high vs. low) were found (p results of ANOVA analyses generally support the proposed hypotheses (p

The Effects of Publicity on Demand: The Case of Anti-Cholesterol Drugs

Over the past 10 years there has been increased recognition of the importance of publicity as a means of generating product awareness. Despite this, previous research has seldom investigated the impact of publicity on demand. We contribute to the literature by (i) proposing a new method for the interpretation of publicity data, one that maps the information in news articles (or broadcasts) to a multidimensional attribute space; (ii) investigating how different types of publicity affect demand; and (iii) investigating how different types of publicity interact with firms’ own marketing communication efforts. We study these issues for statins. We find that publicity plays an important role both for expanding the market for statins and for determining which statins patients or physicians choose. We also find evidence that publicity can serve as either a substitute or a complement for traditional marketing channels depending on the complexity of the information type. We argue that the interaction results are driven by the relative strengths of the corroborative and rational inattention functions in publicity. These results suggest that managers should be aware of the interactions between publicity and traditional marketing channels to better determine how to allocate their marketing expenditures.

Evaluation of compliance with the self-regulation agreement of the food and drink vending machine sector in primary schools in Madrid, Spain, in 2008

ObjectivesTo evaluate compliance with the self-regulation agreement of the food and drink vending machine sector in primary schools in Madrid, Spain. MethodsCross-sectional study of the prevalence of vending machines in 558 primary schools in 2008. Using the directory of all registered primary schools in Madrid, we identified the presence of machines by telephone interviews and evaluated compliance with the agreement by visiting the schools and assessing accessibility, type of publicity, the products offered and knowledge of the agreement. ResultsThe prevalence of schools with vending machines was 5.8%. None of the schools reported knowledge of the agreement or of its nutritional guidelines, and most machines were accessible to primary school pupils (79.3%) and packed with high-calorie, low-nutrient-dense foods (58.6%). ConclusionsCompliance with the self-regulation agreement of the vending machines sector was low. Stricter regulation should receive priority in the battle against the obesity epidemic.

여성 월간지 화장품 광고 및 홍보 유형에 따른 화장품 구매행동

This study compares and analyzes cosmetics purchasing behavior according to the advertising and publicity implemented in women's monthly magazines as well as determines effective marketing strategies for the cosmetics industry. First, cosmetics advertising and publicity in women's monthly magazines can be classified into conventional advertising, advertorials, beauty news based on press releases, and beauty articles written by editors. In addition, consumer purchasing behavior has been examined in terms of use of information, purchasing intention, and purchasing experience. A study was conducted on women in their 20's to 40's in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do with 289 questionnaires used in the final analysis. Data were analyzed by common factor analysis, randomized block design, Bonferroni adjusted t-test, and multiple linear regression using SPSS 12.0/Windows. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, there was a difference in purchasing behavior according to types of cosmetics advertising and publicity in women's monthly magazines. Second, cosmetics shopping orientations were classified into six factors (the pursuit of impulsive purchasing and trends, well-known brands, convenience, low prices, efficacy and brand loyalty). There were significant effects of shopping orientation on cosmetics purchasing behavior according to the type of advertisement and publicity in women's monthly magazines.

Timing and Type of Pretrial Publicity Affect Mock-Jurors’ Decisions and Predecisional Distortion

This experiment administered pretrial publicity (PTP) using a <i>spaced</i> procedure in which mock-jurors were exposed to eight PTP stories over a period of 10 to 12 days prior to viewing a murder trial and making verdict decisions. The type of PTP varied, with mock-jurors in the <i>pure</i> PTP conditions receiving only one type of PTP (negative only or positive only) and those in the <i>mixed</i> conditions receiving both negative and positive PTP. Jurors in the mixed conditions either received PTP in an <i>alternating</i> fashion (e.g., negative, positive, negative, positive) or a <i>blocked</i> fashion (e.g., negative, negative, positive, positive). The spacing of PTP and the mixed PTP exposure allowed us to examine recency and primacy effects associated with PTP exposure, as well as predecisional distortion during PTP exposure. PTP exposure resulted in recency effects for mock-jurors’ choice of current case leader while reading the PTP stories. Primacy effects were found for mean distortion scores measured during PTP exposure and for verdicts. Although jurors in our mixed PTP conditions received the same positive and negative PTP stories, they significantly differed on mean distortion scores and verdicts as a function of the timing/order of these stories.