Post Type Research Articles

Marvelous metrics: A quantitative content analysis to establish social media benchmarks for Florida fruit and vegetable farms on Facebook

Social media platforms like Facebook offer farms a chance to reach larger audiences and gain connections through online engagement. Previous work demonstrates that online engagement can lead to increased sales. However, much work in tracking benchmarks for social media metrics has been outside of an agricultural context. This study aimed to benchmark the presence of fruit and vegetable farms on social media and the associated metrics (followers, likes, engagement rates, reactions, shares, etc.) to offer a standard of comparison for farms on social media. A quantitative content analysis was used to collect data from 117 farms for general analysis, and a sub-sample of 15 farms was used for a deeper analysis of 1,111 Facebook posts. Results indicate Facebook is the most used platform by Florida fruit and vegetable farms, and photos are the most used post type. Farms with the highest engagement rates posted less than farms with the lowest engagement rate, which indicates that posting more frequently may not increase engagement rates. Implications from this work are that farms may be unique in the social media space and may not need to post during the seasons when they do not have crops available for purchase.

Head-on and angular impact-based investigation of mechanical behavior of guardrail post types with finite element analysis

The geometric sections of guardrail systems that provide roadside safety are important in terms of their safety and structural performance. Guardrail systems generally consist of posts and beam. One of the critical components that affect the performance of steel guardrail systems is the post. Many different types of posts are used in practice. In this sense, the mechanical performance of the most commonly used S-C-I-Z-rectangular-circular post types in this study was investigated and compared on the basis of their failure performances. For this, the finite element (FE) model of the pendulum system, which was previously validated with empirical data, was used. In the FE analysis, the mechanical performance of posts embedded in soil and fixed on top of the ground was investigated by the pendulum system in head-on and angular impact situations. As a result of the FE analyses; the mechanical performances were different for head-on and angular impact situations. However, since circular and rectangular posts show the best performance in case of angular impact, and considering in terms of guardrail systems, angular impact situations are a matter of concern, it has been understood that the use of closed-section posts as circular and rectangular in guardrail systems will provide safety and economic advantages.

Owned media, influencer marketing, and unofficial brand ambassadors: differences between narratives, types of prescribers, and effects on interactions on Instagram

In the current era of the attention economy, users find themselves in social networks over-saturated with advertising that tends not to catch the public’s attention or have great credibility. In this sense, brands are trying to get closer to their audiences by using non-invasive, user-generated storytelling strategies with a more natural and experience-focused message. This research aims to compare which narrative elements used by the official accounts of 5 Ibero-American nation brands on Instagram and by the users (UGC) of hashtags promoted from those official accounts generate greater organic interaction on that social network (likes and comments). With a correlational view, we seek to compare whether the promotion of countries generates greater interaction between those generated by owned media and by users (UGC). For this purpose, two analysis sheets were designed and validated to perform quantitative, descriptive, and correlational content analysis and were applied, on the one hand, to 5 official profiles of Ibero-American countries (Argentina, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, and Venezuela) and on the other hand, using the hashtags promoted from these official accounts, the 100 posts of user-generated content (UGC) with greater relevance according to the platform were chosen. The main results show that Reels reach almost five times higher than any other type of posts in UGC accounts, while on the contrary, in corporate accounts, they are the types of content with the least interactions. Unlike what one might think, contests (giveaways) on official accounts generated fewer likes and social responsibility content, and posts featuring influencers and celebrities also failed to achieve significant interactions. Overall, official accounts generate the same amount of likes as UGC but significantly fewer comments. Brands only outperform UGC in likes in individual Photographs or Photo Rolls, while UCG outperforms brands in Reels for both metrics.

The Effect of Diaphragm Muscle Strengthening Exercise Using Incentive Spirometry on Body Balance

Based on data that has been reported by WHO, every year it is estimated that 684,000 people die cause of falls, which means that there is a failure in postural control. Postural control is known to have a relationship with diaphragmatic muscle contraction, with the intra-abdominal pressure produced by each contraction causing eccentric muscle contractions that affect postural stability. This study was conducted to determine the effect of diaphragmatic muscle strengthening exercises on body balance. This study used a pre-experimental design with one group pre and post test types. This study included 21 students. The diaphragmatic muscle strengthening exercises was held 4 weeks online. The pre-test and post-test of balance were held in the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bengkulu University. Sampling techique that has been used is non-probability purposive sampling. The impact of two variables was analyzed using Paired T-Test. The results showed that diaphragmatic muscle strengthening exercises had a significant effect on body balance with a significance value of 0.000. The static and dynamic balance of the students of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bengkulu University was normal and increased after being given diaphragmatic muscle strengthening exercises. Diaphragm muscle strengthening exercises have a significant effect on student body balance.

(029) The Effect of Nipple Neuropathy on Women’s Sexual Health

Abstract Introduction Breast surgery (including lumpectomy, mastectomy, augmentation, and cancer surgery) is a common intervention that women of all ages may experience. In a recent research publication, it is estimated that up to 81.5% reported that stimulation of their nipples/breasts caused or enhanced their sexual arousal whereas 78.2% agreed that when sexually aroused such manipulation increased their arousal, 59.1% had asked to have their nipples stimulated during lovemaking. While breast surgery’s impact on self-esteem has been assessed, breast surgery’s impact on nipple sensation and its relationship to sexual function has often been neglected in the literature. The nipple is a sexual organ; as such, the impact of surgical intervention on sexual function should be assessed. Objective An in-office survey was conducted in a sexual medicine office was conducted to assess nipple sensation after a variety of different breast surgeries, and its impact on sexual function. Methods An in-office survey was given to a random sampling of women attending sexual medicine/obstetrician and gynecology offices. Fifty women completed the survey. A novel, non-validated, single item, nipple sensation scale, Global Assessment of Nipple Sensation Scale (GANSS), was used as an assessment tool. A Likert scale of nipple sensation was also used, where 1 was very sensitive and 7 was absent sensation. Data regarding demographics and the impact of their surgery due to changes in nipple sensation were collected Results Fifty female subjects, at least one year post heterogeneous type breast surgery, reporting nipple neuropathy were surveyed for the extent of neuropathy and associated sexual function changes. The average age of the subjects was 53.6 +/-10.8. The average nipple sensitivity score (Likert scale 1-7) was 5.06+/-1.39. Nipple numbness was reported by 82% of the subjects. 40% of the subjects reported that reduced sensitivity affected their sexual function as well as (sexual desire, lubrication, and arousal. 30% reported distressful impact on orgasmic strength with reports of reduced orgasm intensity. 22% of the respondents reported that the changes in nipple sensitivity had impacted their primary relationship and 32% of women reported that it had negatively impacted their overall sexual wellness. Conclusions Breast surgery resulting in decreased nipple sensation is perceived by patients to have impactful changes on sexual self-esteem, sexuality and overall sexual wellness. This is a poorly studied phenomenon and has implications on female sexual health. The assessment tool used in this study needs to be validated and larger clinical trials should be conducted. Disclosure Yes, this is sponsored by industry/sponsor: applied. iology Clarification: Industry funding only - investigator initiated and executed study.

The impact of company-generated posts with crisis-related content on online engagement behavior

During the COVID-19 crisis, social media platforms have been important tools for companies to interact with customers/users. Despite the importance of good communication during a crisis, insights into what kind of crisis-related content companies should publish are rare. This study addresses this research gap by investigating the direct and moderation effects of company-generated posts with crisis-related content on online engagement behavior. It also examines the relationship of specific post attributes with OEB and the moderation effects of post types. A content analysis of 2,600 posts on 20 Facebook brand pages reveals that posts which implicitly address the pandemic directly enhance OEB; posts showcasing company employees, however, decrease OEB. Crisis-related content and certain post types have a moderation effect on OEB. The authors conducted follow-up interviews which confirmed these findings. This study suggests ways that companies can improve their crisis communication to interact with customers/users in a more engaging way.

Microcomputed tomography analysis of the radicular residual dentin thickness in mandibular second molars after virtual fiber post placement: Identification of danger zones

Statement of problemMandibular second molars have variable root, pulp chamber floor, and radicular groove morphologies, potentially affecting residual dentin thickness and post placement suitability. However, an identification of the danger zones is lacking. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the residual dentin thickness in the danger zone of mandibular second molars after virtual fiber post placement by using a simulation method based on microcomputed tomography (μCT). Material and methodsA total of 84 extracted mandibular second molars were scanned using μCT and classified according to root morphology (separate or fused) and pulp chamber floor morphologies (C-shaped, non-C-shaped, or no pulp chamber floor). Fused-root mandibular second molars were further classified based on the radicular groove type (V-, U-, or Ω-shaped). All specimens were accessed, instrumented, and rescanned with μCT. Two types of commercial fiber posts were also scanned. Clinical fiber post placement was simulated in all prepared canals by using a multifunctional software program. The minimum residual dentin thickness of each root canal was measured and analyzed by using nonparametric tests to identify the danger zone. Perforation rates were calculated and recorded. ResultsLarger fiber posts decreased minimum residual dentin thickness (P<.05) and increased perforation rate. In regard to mandibular second molars with separate roots, the distal root canal exhibited a significantly higher minimum residual dentin thickness than the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual root canals (P<.05). However, no significant difference in minimum residual dentin thickness was found between the different canals in fused-root mandibular second molars with C-shaped pulp chamber floors (P<.05). Fused-root mandibular second molars with Ω-shaped radicular grooves had a lower minimum residual dentin thickness than those with V-shaped radicular grooves (P<.05) and demonstrated the highest perforation rate. ConclusionsThe morphologies of the root, pulp chamber floor, and radicular groove were correlated with residual dentin thickness distribution in mandibular second molars after fiber post placement. A comprehensive understanding of mandibular second molar morphology is essential for determining the suitability of post-and-core crown restorations after endodontic treatment.

Push-out bond strength and SEM fractographical analysis of hollow fibre posts used with self-adhesive resin cement: a pilot study.

Detachment is the major cause of failure of endodontic fibre posts. Hollow posts have been recently introduced to overcome such issue. The primary aim of this pilot study was to compare the push-out bond strength of hollow posts and traditional solid posts. Eight round-shaped single-canal premolars extracted for periodontal reason were selected as sample and equally randomized into two groups: (i) traditional solid fibre posts-TECH21xop and ii) hollow fibre posts-TECHOLE. A dual-curing self-adhesive cement (new TECHCEM) was used for posts placement. Six horizontal sections-two from each portion of the root (coronal, middle and apical)-were obtained from each sample root, yielding a total of 24 sections for each group. Push-out test was performed on the sections and bond strength values were compared between groups and within each group. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) fractographical analysis was conducted on each section. Additional SEM and EDX analyses were performed on new samples of both posts, to assess fibres density and distribution, and the chemical composition of the fibres and the matrix. Hollow posts showed a significantly higher push-out bond strength (6.36±1.22 MPa) than solid posts (3.64±1.62 MPa). Among the three root portions of the same group, there was no significant difference in bond strength. In both groups, the most frequent type of fracture was a mixed adhesive failure with the cement covering 0 to 50% of the post perimeter. Hollow post fibres appear more similar in size and have a more homogeneous distribution, compared to solid posts. The two post types also have different chemical compositions.

Constrained Communication and Negativity Bias: Gendered Emotional Appeals on Facebook

ABSTRACT Are women congressional candidates on Facebook disproportionately punished for using negative emotions? Scholars suggest the success of negative language used by campaigns is patterned by gender, but it is less clear whether women politicians are able to grow support on a digital platform where negativity spurs engagement. In this research note, we consider the relationship between candidate gender, negative appeals, and user engagement on Facebook. We argue that women candidates are not shying away from negative voter appeals on Facebook, posting more on average with anger, disgust, and sadness than male candidates, and those posts are likely to get increased engagement, but that interaction is conditional. Women candidates, while reinforcing connections by getting more likes and comments than their male counterparts, are not advantaged or disadvantaged in the number of times these types of posts are shared – even when the posts contain more negatively valenced language. Our research suggests that there are some limits to the benefits of using negative emotive language for congressional candidates.

A Comparative Study of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Compromised Teeth with Different Post Systems: An In Vitro Study

Aims: This in-vitro study was conducted to compare structural reinforcement with composite resin and two different types of posts in structurally compromised teeth. Methods and Materials: Forty-eight human maxillary central incisors were instrumented and obturated. Specimens were randomly divided into four groups. The control group was not compromised and was just restored with a resin composite. In the composite-reinforced group, the access cavity of the compromised teeth was restored only with composite to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). In the reinforced glass fiber post group, the compromised cervical area of the teeth was reinforced with a dual-cured composite and a glass fiber post. The reinforced metal cast post group was reinforced with a dual-cured composite and a casting post. The mean fracture load was measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square statistical analysis tests. For pair comparison, Duncan was used. P&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The highest fracture resistance values were for the non-compromised samples (170.12 ± 12.44), while the lowest values were for the compromised ones restored only with the resin composite (71.40 ± 17.00). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean fracture resistances of the fiber (129.36 ± 21.34) and cast (116.60 ± 22.60) post groups (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: The use of a composite resin in a root with thin walls will reinforce the compromised tooth, but the type of the post will not influence the final results.

The effect of image enhancement on influencer's product recommendation effectiveness: the roles of perceived influencer authenticity and post type

PurposeFacilitated by image retouch tools, social media influencers can digitally enhance their self-image in product recommendation posts. This paper proposes that image enhancement may serve as a cue for the audience to assess the authenticity of the influencer (“true to oneself”), which further affects the influencer's product recommendation effectiveness (i.e. attitudes toward the post and recommended product).Design/methodology/approachExperiment 1 examines the effect of image enhancement on consumers' perceived influencer authenticity and product recommendation effectiveness. Experiment 2 considers the moderating role of post type, examining the effects in informational versus storytelling posts.FindingsConsumers perceived an influencer to be more authentic when the image is not enhanced; in turn, consumers reported more favorable attitudes toward the post and the recommended product upon reading the post. The effects are moderated by post type: the effect of image enhancement (through perceived influencer authenticity) exists in posts using an informational message format but is attenuated for those using a storytelling message format.Originality/valueThis research enriches the literature on authenticity cues by documenting a novel visual cue and contributes to influencer marketing by identifying a nuanced interactive effect between image enhancement and post type on recommendation effectiveness.

The emotional side of taking part in a cancer clinical trial.

Taking part in a cancer clinical trial often represents a source of psychological distress and emotional activation among patients and their caregivers. Nowadays, social media platforms provide a space for these groups to freely express and share their emotional experiences. We aimed to reveal the most prevalent basic and complex emotions and sentiments in the posts of the patients and caregivers contemplating clinical trials on Reddit. Additionally, we aimed to categorize the types of users and posts. With the use of keywords referring to clinical trials, we searched for public posts on the subreddit 'cancer'. R studio v. 4.1.2 (2021-11-01) and NRC Emotion Lexicon was used for analysis. Following the theoretical framework of Plutchik's wheel of emotions, the analysis included: 8 basic emotions (anger, fear, anticipation, trust, surprise, sadness, joy, and disgust) and 4 types of complex emotions (primary, secondary, tertiary, and opposite dyads). We utilized the package 'PyPlutchik' to visualize the emotion wheels in Python 3.10.5. A total of 241 posts were included in the final database. User types (129 patients, 112 caregivers) and post types (142 expressed shared experience, 77 expressed advice, and 85 conveyed both) were identified. Both positive (N = 2557, M = .68) and negative (N = 2154, M = .57) sentiments were high. The most prevalent basic emotions were: fear (N = 1702, M = .45), sadness (N = 1494, M = .40), trust (N = 1470, M = .44), and anticipation (N = 1376, M = .37). The prevalence of complex/dyadic emotions and their interpretation is further discussed. In this contribution, we identified and discussed prevalent emotions such as fear, sadness, optimism, hope, despair, and outrage that mirror the psychological state of users and affect the medical choices they make. The insights gained in our study contribute to the understanding of the barriers and reinforcers to participation in trials and can improve the ability of healthcare professionals to assist patients when confronted with this choice.

Analysis of Differences in User Groups and Post Sentiment of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitators in Chinese Social-Media Platforms.

(1) Background: The COVID-19 epidemic is still global and no specific drug has been developed for COVID-19. Vaccination can both prevent infection and limit the spread of the epidemic. Eliminating hesitation to the COVID-19 vaccine and achieving early herd immunity is a common goal for all countries. However, efforts in this area have not been significant and there is still a long way to go to eliminate vaccine hesitancy. (2) Objective: This study aimed to uncover differences in the characteristics and sentiments of COVID-19 vaccine hesitators on Chinese social-media platforms and to achieve a classification of vaccine-hesitant groups. (3) Methods: COVID-19-vaccine-hesitation posts and user characteristics were collected on the Sina Microblog platform for posting times spanning one year, and posts were identified for hesitation types. Logistic regression was used to conduct user-group analysis. The differences in user characteristics between the various types of COVID-19 vaccine posts were analysed according to four user characteristics: gender, address type, degree of personal-information disclosure, and whether they followed health topics. Sentiment analysis was conducted using sentiment analysis tools to calculate the sentiment scores and sentiment polarity of various COVID-19 vaccine posts, and the K-W test was used to uncover the sentiment differences between various types of COVID-19-vaccine-hesitation posts. (4) Results: There are differences in the types of COVID-19-vaccine-hesitation posts posted by users with different characteristics, and different types of COVID-19-vaccine-hesitation posts differ in terms of sentiment. Differences in user attributes and user behaviors are found across the different COVID-19-vaccine-hesitation types. Ultimately, two COVID-19-vaccine-hesitant user groups were identified: Body-related and Non-bodily-related. Users who posted body-related vaccine-hesitation posts are more often female, disclose more personal information and follow health topics on social-media platforms. Users who posted non-bodily-related posts are more often male, disclose less personal information, and do not follow health topics. The average sentiment score for all COVID-19-vaccine-hesitant-type posts is less than 0.45, with negative-sentiment posts outweighing positive- and neutral-sentiment posts in each type, among which the "Individual rights" type is the most negative. (5) Conclusions: This paper complements the application of user groups in the field of vaccine hesitation, and the results of the analysis of group characteristics and post sentiment can help to provide an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the concerns and needs of COVID-19 vaccine hesitators. This will help public-health agencies to implement more targeted strategies to eliminate vaccine hesitancy and improve their work related to the COVID-19 vaccine, with far-reaching implications for COVID-19-vaccine promotion and vaccination.

Comparison of the push-out bond strength of different prefabricated fiber post systems: An in vitro study

Introduction: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of post type and hydrothermal aging on the push-out bond strength of four different fiber post systems. Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted human upper central incisors were treated with root canal treatment and divided into four different groups according to the treated post system (UniCore post [group U] [n = 20], Reforpost fiber [group R] [n = 20], Voco Rebilda post GT [group V] [n = 20], and EverStick post [group E] [n = 20]). The posts of teeth in all groups were divided into three parts from coronal, middle, and apical aspects. Half of the samples in all groups were subjected to hydrothermal aging (10,000 cycles). All subjects were applied to the crosshead speed push-out bond strength test at a 1-mm/min rate until being fractured. Fracture types were determined with a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Chi-square tests statistically. Results: Bond strength values of EverStick post were significantly lower compared to the other groups (P &lt; 0.01). In the presence/absence of hydrothermal aging, push-out bond strength in the coronal and middle regions was significantly higher compared to the apical region in all groups (P &lt; 0.01). Bond strength values decreased in all groups following hydrothermal aging (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: Push-out bond strength may be affected more negatively from coronal and middle of the tooth compared to its apical part. Hydrothermal aging may worsen the bond strength. The use of Reforpost fiber, VocoRebilda post GT, and UniCore posts may provide better bond strength compared to EverStick post.

What Should Churches Post on Facebook? An Exploratory Study of the Perceived Contribution of Facebook Posts to the Mission of Churches

Facebook is the most popular social networking site in the world and is used by many churches. This study seeks to discover the type of Facebook posts that most contribute to the perceived spiritual formation of church attenders as defined by typical church mission statements. A broad range of church attenders who use Facebook ( N = 161) completed an online survey focusing on their church's Facebook page. They indicated the degree to which they believe various types of their church's Facebook posts contributed to their spiritual formation, specifically, their relationship with God, their relationship with fellow believers, their personal spiritual growth, and their involvement in ministry or service. They also indicated what type of posts they would like to see more frequently from their church. An exploratory analysis found that posts that had greater cognitive content (specifically, live broadcasts, video recordings, announcements, and devotionals) were perceived to contribute more to church attenders’ spiritual formation than did posts with less cognitive content (humorous memes, photos, inspirational quotations, and external links). Confirming these results, participants also expressed a preference for their church to make more posts with high cognitive content than posts with low cognitive content. These results lead to several applications of how churches can better use Facebook to contribute to their mission.

An in vitro study to evaluate the fracture resistance of different types of posts

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary central incisors restored with carbon fiber and glass fiber posts under static loading and evaluate their modes of failure. Materials and Methods: Sixty freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors were collected and root canal treatment was performed in all. Forty out of 60 teeth were sectioned 4 mm away from the cemento–enamel junction coronally and posts were placed in them. Rest 20 teeth were left intact to be used as controls. The groups were divided as follows: I—control group, II—carbon fiber group, and III— glass fiber group, All specimens were then mounted on an acrylic test block and subjected to static loading until fracture and the mode of fracture were recorded. Statistical analysis was carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to calculate the mean values of all groups. An intergroup comparison was carried out using Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: The study showed that group I showed the highest fracture resistance followed by group III, which was the glass fiber post group under static loading. There was a significant difference among the test groups. The main cause of fracture was debonding of the core in all the fiber posts. Conclusion: Teeth of the control group showed the highest fracture resistance and teeth restored with glass fiber posts showed higher fracture resistance than those restored with carbon fiber posts under static loading (P &lt; 0.05). The principal mode of fracture was debonding of the core and remaining root. Teeth restored without application of a post showed the highest fracture resistance than all other groups.

Effects of suryanamaskar on peak expiratory flow rate and quality of life in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Background. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases. Surya Namaskar is an ancient yogic method to worship the sun. This specific postural and breathing protocols were developed in Indian Subcontinent in the 17th century by Saint Samarth Ramdass. Aim. To find out the effects of Suryanamaskar on peak expiratory flow rate and quality of life in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Methods. Experimental design, pre and post type. 14 COPD patients, aged 35–50 years, both men and women, grade I and II in GOLD classification was randomly allotted into two groups. The patients had to clear the flexibility tests – Sit and reach test and back scratch test. For the Experimental group (n = 7), Suryanamaskar, with conventional chest physiotherapy intervention, was given for 5 days per week for 6 weeks. For the control group (n = 7), conventional chest physiotherapy intervention was given for the same duration. Outcome measures: Peak expiratory flow rate (l/min), SF–36 questionnaire. Results: The study showed that the peak expiratory flow rate and SF–36 questionnaire showed non-significant result for both the groups as p &gt; 0.05, though there was a clinically significant improvement. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is no statistically significant improvement in PEFR and QOL in COPD patients who performed Suryanamaskar along with chest physiotherapy.

The Relationship Between How Participants Articulate Their Goals and Accomplishments and Weight Loss Outcomes: Secondary Analysis of a Pilot of a Web-Based Weight Loss Intervention.

In behavioral weight loss interventions, participants are asked to set weekly goals to support long-term habits that lead to weight loss. Although participants are asked to set and accomplish weekly goals, we do not know how often they do this and whether doing so is associated with weight loss. Web-based weight loss interventions allow for the analysis of participant engagement data, including how participants articulate their goals and accomplishments. Using engagement data from a web-based weight loss intervention, we examined whether participants articulating their goals and accomplishments in measurable and repeating terms were associated with greater weight loss. Adults with overweight or obesity received a 12-week Facebook-delivered weight loss intervention based on the Diabetes Prevention Program Lifestyle Intervention. Participants replied to conversation threads that queried about their goals and accomplishments. Two independent coders classified participants' posts that articulated goals or accomplishments as measurable or repeating. Crude and age-adjusted linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between the frequency of post type and percent weight loss. Participants (N=53; n=48, 91% female; n=48, 91% non-Hispanic White) were on average 46.2 (SD 10.5) years old with a mean BMI of 32.4 (SD 4.8) kg/m2. Over 12 weeks, participants shared a median of 4 (IQR 1-8) posts that reported goals and 10 (IQR 4-24) posts that reported accomplishments. Most participants shared ≥1 post with a goal (n=43, 81%) and ≥1 post with an accomplishment (n=47, 89%). Each post reporting a goal was associated with 0.2% greater weight loss (95% CI -0.3% to 0.0%). Sharing ≥1 post with a repeating goal was associated with an average of 2.2% greater weight loss (95% CI -3.9% to -0.4%). Each post with a repeating goal was associated with an average of 0.5% greater weight loss (95% CI -1.0% to 0.0%). Sharing ≥1 post with measurable and repeating goals was associated with an average of 1.9% greater weight loss (95% CI -3.7% to -0.2%). Sharing each post with an accomplishment was associated with an average of 0.1% greater weight loss (95% CI -0.1% to 0.0%). Every post with an accomplishment that was repeating was associated with an average of 0.2% greater weight loss (95% CI -0.3% to 0.0%). Sharing other types of goals and accomplishments was not associated with weight loss. In a web-based weight loss intervention, stating goals in repeating or both measurable and repeating terms was associated with greater weight loss, but simply stating them in measurable terms was not. For accomplishments, only those articulated in repeating terms were associated with greater weight loss. Posts about one-time goals and accomplishments represent an opportunity to encourage planning for future behaviors. Future research should examine if stating goals and accomplishments in repeating terms signals habit formation.

Voting Yes for Funding Public Parks: The Effectiveness of Social Media Communication in a Tax Referendum Campaign

Although local park and recreation agencies rely on various types of funding, tax-based allocations are the most significant funding source. Unfortunately, tax-based allocations have not kept pace with growing user demands and maintenance backlogs. As such, successful tax referenda are becoming critical for sustained operations and capital investment. Among the various activities that may sway public opinion, strategic messaging through a variety of media may be one of the most important. Using a county-level public park agency’s 2020 tax referendum as a case study, the purpose of this study is to identify successful communication strategies of open space referendum campaigns that secure support from voters. Data were collected from the campaign’s official Facebook page to examine what message content and post type were effective in increasing voter awareness and engagement. Results from regressions showed that messages that explained the ballot in plain language (e.g., Simplify Ballot Language), demonstrated support or approval from local organizations or local champions/celebrities (e.g., Endorsement), broke down the total amount of tax being requested (i.e., Temporal Reframing), and empha-sized the direct benefits if the referendum were passed (i.e., Direct Outcome) were most effective in increasing the awareness of the referendum. Among Facebook page followers, posts that demonstrated campaign efforts/activities (i.e., Demon-stration) and acknowledged individuals’ or organizations’ efforts to support the campaign (i.e., Acknowledgement) effectively increased engagement. In terms of Facebook post types, photo posts and video posts generally performed better than link and shared video posts. The study has three main practical implications for open space referenda advocates and managers concerned with campaign commu-nication: (1) solicit and demonstrate support from highly regarded local organiza-tions or individuals; (2) emphasize the direct benefits and break down the total amount of tax being asked; and (3) use short videos and scenic images.

Identification of Facebook posts on nephrology-related terms that benefit patient outreach

Objective: The impact of social media on public health has been examined in various studies. However, none have explored user engagement based on the type of Facebook posts related to renal disease. Therefore, the present study sought to determine which type of nephrology-related posts have greater user engagement. Setting: Facebook pages. Methods: The posts on a specific Facebook page curated by a team of nephrologists in Malaysia were examined in this cross-sectional study. The type of post, likes, comments, shares of a post and reach of a post were used for data analysis. Analysis of variance was used to quantify the relative contribution of each independent variable to the odds of the post being highly liked or shared. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare links, photos, shared videos, status and videos for parameters such as reach, the number of times a specific piece of content has been displayed on a screen (impressions), and user engagement. Results: Shared videos and photos received the highest median reach of 5,862 and 5,880, respectively. People who ‘liked’ the page in 2019, 2020 and 2021 numbered 193, 4,196 and 2,835, respectively. Among the types of content on the Facebook page, photos and shared videos received the highest median lifetime reach of the post compared to links, status and videos in terms of ‘people who liked the page’. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that posting a video or photo maximises the chance of engagement and meaningfully impacts public health outcomes.