Types Of Lung Lesions Research Articles

Role of image guided fine needle aspiration cytology of lung lesions in patients visiting Gandaki Medical College

Background: Computed Tomography guided Fine needle aspiration cytology of lung mass is an effective modality to diagnose lung cancer. Its use has been extended in differentiating lung tumors into various cytomorphological types so that it becomes easier for further treatment. The study is aimed to study the morphological features of various types of lung lesions, correlate with histopathology wherever possible and evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology procedure. Materials and Methods: It is an observational cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Pathology of Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital from April 2018 to December 2020 and 109 cases were included. Results: In the study, 109 cases were included, female were 61(56%) while males were 48(44%) with an M: F ratio is 1:1.2. The maximum number of cases was seen in the age >70 years (45.9%), mean age being 68.4years. Smoking was seen in 66(60.6%) cases. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) 32( 29.4%) was the most common cytological finding followed by adenocarcinoma 20(18.3%). Similarly, SCC was the most common histopathological finding which comprised 30( 53.5%) followed by adenocarcinoma 14(25%). Fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathological diagnosis are significantly associated with a p-value <0.001. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology were 76%,80%, and 76.6% respectively. Conclusions: Computes tomography-guided fine needle aspiration cytology is a relatively safe, inexpensive, and accurate procedure in the diagnosis of different lung lesions for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Computed tomography findings in 3,557 COVID-19 infected children: a systematic review.

Although it was assumed in the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak that the novel coronavirus infection was uncommon among children, the number of infected children has since been increasing significantly. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard modality for the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. In adults, chest CT is performed as an adjunct for identifying suspected COVID-19 cases along with patients' management and follow-up. However, CT findings in COVID-19 children studies have shown a diverse incidence of abnormal CT and finding patterns that made CT scan necessity to have remained controversial. The aim of the present review was to comprehensively determine the imaging findings of chest CT scans of confirmed COVID-19-infected pediatric patients through a systematic review of the available published studies. A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science core collection databases (four databases including SSCI, SCIE, AHCI, and ESCI) to find original articles containing chest CT findings in children with COVID-19 through May 7, 2021. This review included 81 articles published in English that in total included 3,557 pediatric patients. This review included 81 articles published in English that in total included 3,557 pediatric patients. Among the total confirmed coronavirus-infected cases (via RT-PCR test), two-thirds had abnormal chest CT findings; among these patients, 549 (37.8%) had bilateral lung involvement, and 475 (32.7%) had unilateral disease. Regarding the types of lung lesions, ground glass opacities were observed in 794 (54.7%) of patients, and consolidation was observed in 10.2%; moreover, halo sign, discrete pulmonary nodules, interstitial abnormalities or reticulations, and vascular thickening shadows were reported in 7.4%, 2.6%, 9.7% and 1.7% of the patients, respectively. This review revealed that chest CT scan manifestations in majority of COVID-19 positive children are mild, so regarding the risk of radiation exposure, it is reasonable to confine CT scan to individual cases that its benefits outweigh the risks.

Ultrasound-guided interventional radiology procedures in the chest

Ultrasonography is a very good tool for guiding different interventional procedures in the chest. It is the ideal technique for managing conditions involving the pleural space, and it makes it possible to carry out procedures such as thoracocentesis, biopsies, or drainage. In the lungs, only lesions in contact with the costal pleura are accessible to ultrasound-guided interventions. In this type of lung lesions, ultrasound is as effective as computed tomography to guide interventional procedures, but the rate of complications and time required for the intervention are lower for ultrasound-guided procedures.

Intervencionismo torácico con guía ecográfica

Ultrasonography is a very good tool for guiding different interventional procedures in the chest. It is the ideal technique for managing conditions involving the pleural space, and it makes it possible to carry out procedures such as thoracocentesis, biopsies, or drainage. In the lungs, only lesions in contact with the costal pleura are accessible to ultrasound-guided interventions. In this type of lung lesions, ultrasound is as effective as computed tomography to guide interventional procedures, but the rate of complications and time required for the intervention are lower for ultrasound-guided procedures.

Evaluation of Ultra-Low-Dose Chest CT Images to Detect Lung Lesions

Background: The present study was conducted to examine the possibility of detecting different types of lung lesions, such as cancer, using ultra-low dose (ULD) chest CT images. Method: In this basic (experimental) study with computed tomography (CT images), 20 patients with different lung disease indications were scanned with ULD and routine dose chest CT protocols. ULD and routine dose CT images were reconstructed utilizing iDose and iterative model reconstruction. CT images were evaluated by two expert radiologists. Volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose length product, and effective dose were used for dose assessment in both protocols. Results: CTDIvol and dose length product for ULD protocol were 98% less compared to those for routine chest CT. The chest CT images for ULD and routine dose were diagnosed as normal in three patients with lung lesions, such as nodules, masses, plural effusion, fibrosis, diffuse ground glass opacities, bronchiectasis, and infiltration, in 17 patients. Patient dose of ULD chest CT (0.11mSv) is comparable to Poster-Anterior plus Lateral (0.1 mSv) chest radiograph while the effective dose due to routine chest CT is about 5.1 mSv. Conclusion: Diagnostic findings regarding ULD chest CT images with 98% of dose reduction were compared to those for routine dose. We concluded that it may be utilized as a very useful tool for screening and the follow-up of different lung diseases, malignancy for instance. ULD chest CT with 98% of dose reduction could be a suitable substitute for chest radiograph, with higher diagnostic values.

A study on the utility of ultrasound guided fnac in lung lesions

Introduction: Primary confirmation of Lung lesions by Ultrasound guided FNAC. It is useful for to differentiate Infective, Benign and Malignant lesions of lung. AIM: To study and confirm Cytological features of different types of lung lesions. 2. To assess the overall utility of FNAC in lung Pathology. Methods: Present study done over a period of two years, from Feb 2017- Jan 2019. During the above period 57 cases are studied, in the Department of pathology, Govt Medical College, Kadapa, AP. The above cases were categorised based on cytological features obtained by FNAC. Materials required for FNAC – 10 ml sterile disposable syringe with 25-22G needles. Suitable fixative is Isopropyl Alcohol. Alcohol fixed slides taken up for H&E staining. Results: Ultrasound guided FNAC of the Lung were performed on 57 cases. Out of 57 cases 48 (84.21%) cases were Primary neoplastic lesions, which are Squamous cell carcinoma, followed by large cell carcinoma 7 (12.28%) cases, Adeno carcinoma 2 (3.50%) cases.

Isolation and identification of bacteria from tracheas and lungs of buffaloes in Dinajpur

The aim of the present study was the isolation and identification of bacteria from trachea and lung of slaughtered buffaloes. A total of 160 swab samples were collected from tracheas (80) and lungs (80) freshly slaughtered buffeloes from the slaughter houses of Dinajpur Sadar, Dinajpur, Bangladesh, during the period from June 2011 to February 2012. Among them, 9 tracheas (out of 80 samples) and 30 lungs (out of 80 samples) showed visible lesions. Bacterial isolates were identified based on their growth, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The most frequent (5%) bacterial isolate in tracheas was Staphylococcus spp. Pasteurella haemolytica and Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from different types of lung lesions in a frequency of 5% and 16.25%, respectively. P. haemolytica showed ?- haemolysis on blood agar and did not ferment lactose and dulcitol whereas dextrose, manitol and maltose were fermented with the production of acid. This investigation would be helpful for veterinarian for the detection, treatment and control of tracheal and lung diseases of buffaloes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v2i1.15211 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.2(1) 2012: 31-33

Outcomes after postnatal resection of prenatally diagnosed asymptomatic cystic lung lesions

Background Symptomatic congenital lung lesions require surgical resection, but the management of asymptomatic lung lesions is controversial. Some surgeons advocate observation because of concerns about potential operative morbidity and mortality, as well as a lack of long-term follow-up information. On the other hand, malignant degeneration, pneumonia, and pneumothorax are known consequences of cystic lung lesions. This study aims to assess the safety of resection for asymptomatic lung lesions that were diagnosed before birth. Methods A retrospective review of all patients with prenatally diagnosed lung lesions at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (Philadelphia, Penn) was performed from 1996 to 2005. The perioperative course of patients who were asymptomatic was analyzed. Results One hundred five complete records of children with asymptomatic lesions were reviewed. Overall mortality was 0% and morbidity was 6.7% including 2.9% significant postoperative air leak and 3.8% transfusion requirement. Nine patients had a pathologic diagnosis that differed from preoperative radiological findings, and 9 patients had additional pathologic findings. Conclusion This series demonstrates that surgery can be performed safely on patients who were asymptomatic with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung and other types of lung lesions with no mortality and minimal morbidity. The frequency of disparate pathologic diagnoses and the potential for development of malignancy and other complications support the argument for early resection.

フラットパネルディテクタを用いたデュアルエネルギーサブトラクション法におけるびまん性肺疾患の検出能の評価

We investigated and evaluated the detection of simulated lesions in various interstitial lung diseases using the dual-energy subtraction radiography method and flat-panel detector (FPD) images. We obtained a FPD system (GE Revolution XR/d), and employed dual-energy 60 kV and 130 kV exposure techniques. Three types of lung lesions, namely, micro-nodule, ground-glass, and honeycomb patterns were simulated with interstitial lung disease on a chest phantom. Chest images with and without simulated lesions were exposed and compared with standard images and subtraction images. We carried out evaluations with and without subtraction images and performed the analysis by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of detection. Results showed that the detection of interstitial lung diseases was significantly improved by the use of subtraction images. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of micro-nodule images obtained with and without subtraction images were 0.768 and 0.963, ground-glass images 0.670 and 0.917, and honeycomb images 0.768 and 0.996, respectively. A significant difference of p<0.05 was accepted. The use of dual-energy subtraction radiography with a FPD improved diagnostic accuracy in detecting cases of multiple interstitial lung diseases and was considered useful.

Association of p53, K-ras and proliferating cell nuclear antigen with rat lung lesions following exposure to simulated nuclear fuel particles.

Expression of p53, K-ras, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and mutations of p53 and K-ras genes in lung lesions of Han/Wistar rats were investigated by immunohistochemistry and direct DNA sequencing following a long-term exposure of animals to neutron-activated UO2 particles. The p53 protein was overexpressed in all five malignant tumors, in 62% of benign tumors, and in 42% of hyperplastic lesions examined. K-ras protein and PCNA levels were only slightly elevated in all types of lung lesions. In three malignant tumors a C-->T transition was detected in codon 288 (human 290) of the p53 gene, but this mutation was not present in seven other tumors analyzed. No mutations were detected in codons 12/13 and 61 of the K-ras gene in any of the five tumors analyzed. Our findings suggest that K-ras overexpression is a rare alteration, whereas p53 protein overexpression (sometimes associated with mutated p53 gene), as assessed with the CM5 antibody, is a relatively common phenomenon in hot particle-induced preneoplastic and neoplastic rat lung lesions.

Ki-ras gene mutations and absence of p53 gene mutations in spontaneous and urethane-induced early lung lesions in CBA/J mice.

Ki-ras and p53 genes are involved in human lung carcinogenesis; however, the role of these genes in experimental lung tumors is not well known. In our study, the CBA/J mouse strain was used to investigate the presence of Ki-ras and p53 alterations in lung carcinogenesis of spontaneous tumors and tumors induced with high and low doses of urethane (ethyl carbamate). To study the presence of these alterations in the early stages of lung carcinogenesis and in very small lung tumors, restriction fragment length polymorphism and single-strand conformation polymorphism analyses were performed on polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA from microdissected tumoral and normal lung samples. Ki-ras gene mutations in codons 12 and 61 were detected in all types of lung lesions, even in small and preneoplastic lesions, and their incidence increased with progression from lung hyperplasias (18%) to adenomas (75%) and to carcinomas (80%). Urethane exposure, in both high and low doses, increased the incidence of Ki-ras mutations in lung tumors, especially in adenomas. The presence of Ki-ras gene mutations in very small urethane-induced lung tumors and the absence of hyperplasias among the treated-group lesions may indicate that urethane accelerates tumoral progression. No p53 mutations were detected in exons 5-8 in any of the epithelium-derived lung tumors. Only one p53 mutation in exon 5 was found in a spontaneous lymphoma. Therefore, p53 mutations do not seem to cooperate with Ki-ras gene mutations or represent an alternative molecular pathway in murine carcinogenesis.