Loop Type Research Articles

Assessment and Correlation between Dactyloscopy and Behavior of Children Undergoing Dental Treatment: A Cross-sectional Study.

To assess and correlate dactyloscopy and behavior of children undergoing dental treatment. A total of 30 children aged 4-8 years who needed at least one restoration without administration of local anesthesia were included. Two examiners recorded the behavior of the child as per Frankl's behavior rating scale and after the treatment, the subjects' fingerprints were taken using an ink pad and white paper. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versions 23 and a Chi-squared test was carried out (p < 0.05). The loop type fingerprint had the highest frequency, while the archtype had the lowest. The child's behavior differed greatly (p < 0.05) based on dermatoglyphic characteristics, with the loop pattern being seen in cooperative children and the whorl pattern in uncooperative children. There is a positive correlation between fingerprint type and children's dental care. Dactyloscopy can be used to determine the behavior of children coming for dental treatment and hence help in their management. Janiani P, Subramanian EMG. Assessment and Correlation between Dactyloscopy and Behavior of Children Undergoing Dental Treatment: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(3):444-447.

Evaluation of Blood Group in Co-relation with the Dermatoglyphics Patterns among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

INTRODUCTION: Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of naturally occurring epidermal ridges and their configuration on the digits, palms, and soles apart from flexion crease and secondary folds. Fingerprint scans are now-a-days used in the biometric systems, validating electronic registration, cashless transactions, library access and forensic purposes. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between dermatoglyphics patterns and blood groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study designed to study the dermatoglyphics pattern in correlation with blood group among 200 medical students from November 2022 to April 2023. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16 and Chi-Square test was used. RESULTS: The major type of blood group among the participants was blood group O (38.5%) followed by blood group B (37%), blood group A (17.5%) and blood group AB (7%). Rh positive was the dominant Rh factor (95.5%) while Rh negative was 4.5% only. The general distribution of dermatoglyphics pattern showed that the dominant pattern of finger print was loop type (52%) in both the genders, followed by whorls pattern (36.5%) and arch pattern (11.5%). Based on Chi- Square test it was observed that the dominant type of finger print was whorls type in blood group O and B while, arch type of finger print was common in blood group B. CONCLUSIONS: Finger prints of each individual is unique. Hence, it can be effectively used for corroborative identification of an individual in mass disasters as well as in other forensic and anatomical applications.

Digestibility of Malondialdehyde-Induced Dietary Advanced Lipoxidation End Products and Their Effects on Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Mice.

Advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) are formed by modifying proteins with lipid oxidation products. The health effects of ALEs formed in vivo have been extensively studied. However, the digestibility, safety, and health risk of ALEs in heat-processed foods remain unclear. This investigation was performed to determine the structure, digestibility, and effect on the mice liver of dietary ALEs. The results showed that malondialdehyde (MDA) was able to alter the structure of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) to form linear, loop, and cross-linked types of Schiff bases and dihydropyridine derivatives under simulated heat processing, leading to the intra- and intermolecular aggregation of MPs and, thus, reducing the digestibility of MPs. In addition, dietary ALE intake resulted in abnormal liver function and lipid accumulation in mice. The core reason for these adverse effects was the destructive effect of ALEs on the intestinal barrier. Because the damage to the intestinal barrier leads to an increase in lipopolysaccharide levels in the liver, it induces liver damage by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism.

Acetabular Labral Repair and Selective Labral Debridement Show No Significant Difference in Clinical Outcomes at a Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up

To compare the outcomes of arthroscopic labral repair using looped type suture with a matched-pair selective labral debridement with a minimum 2-years follow-up. We identified 378 patients undergoing primary arthroscopic labral repair using loop-suture and selective labral debridement from January 2, 2018, to December 28, 2020. The labral repair group was matched 1:1 to a selective labral debridement control group by age, sex, body mass index, follow-up period, lateral center-edge angle, Tönnis grade, and preoperative joint space. Before surgery, 3-Tesla radial magnetic resonance imaging with a 3-dimensional double-echo steady-state sequence was obtained following failed nonoperative treatment lasting more than 3 months. Follow-up imaging was conducted at a minimum of 2 years. In both groups, the ratio of positive slices in which a disrupted chondrolabral junction was observed between the 2 o'clock and 11 o'clock positions was measured. Patient-reported outcome scores included the Harris Hip Score, visual analog score, Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living Subscale, and Hip Outcome Score of Sport-Specific Subscale. In total, 76 patients of the repair group were matched to 76 controls with a minimum 2-years follow-up (repair vs control: 2.6 ± 0.4 vs 2.6 ± 0.4 years, P= .775). The repair group experienced a 2-fold improvement (0.6 ± 0.1 to 0.3 ± 0.1, P＜.001). Although the selective debridement group experienced a 3-fold improvement (0.3 ± 0.1 to 0.1 ± 0.1, P＜.001). Significant improvement of the patient-reported outcome was shown in both groups at final follow-up without significant difference between the 2 groups. The mid-term clinical outcomes are comparable between the labral repair using looped type suture and selective labral debridement group. Although a gap between the labrum and articular cartilage may appear in 3-dimensional double-echo steady-state magnetic resonance imaging results after labral repair, it does not correspond with clinical outcomes. Level III, retrospective comparative study.

Development of a tooth movement model of root resorption during intrusive orthodontic treatment.

There is a high risk of external apical root resorption (EARR) following the application of intrusive orthodontic forces to the apical root. However, there is a lack of suitable animal models to study this phenomenon in depth. This study compared the usability of three different types of loops, namely, vertical helical loop, box loop, and L loop, for preparing a rat model of orthodontic tooth movement with invasive forces. Results showed a significant downward movement in the first molar of the rat after L loop placement for 14 days. Three-dimensional reconstructed images showed root resorption and length shortening on the apical root and decreased bone volume and trabecular thickness in the alveolar bone under compression. Histological staining revealed odontoclasts on the root resorption fossa. This study showed that orthodontic tooth movement using the L loop provides an effective experimental animal model of EARR.

Ferroelectric topologically configurable multilevel logic unit

Multilevel devices demonstrating switchable polarization enable us to efficiently realize neuromorphic functionalities including synaptic plasticity and neuronal activity. Here we propose using the ferroelectric logic unit comprising multiple nanodots disposed between two electrodes and coated by the dielectric material. We devise the integration of the ferroelectric logic unit, providing topologically configurable non-binary logic into a gate stack of the field-effect transistor as an analog-like device with resistive states. By controlling the charge of the gate, we demonstrate the various routes of the topological switchings between different polarization configurations in ferroelectric nanodots. Switching routes between different logic levels are characterized by hysteresis loops with multiple branches realizing specific interconnectivity regimes. The switching between different types of hysteresis loops is achieved by the variation of external fields and temperature. The devised ferroelectric multilevel devices provide a pathway toward the novel topologically-controlled implementation of discrete synaptic states in neuromorphic computing.

Suppression of deep cavity aeroacoustics at low Mach number by localized surface compliance

A unique concept of utilizing localized surface compliance is proposed to suppress deep cavity aeroacoustics at a low Mach number. The core idea is to provide local absorption of the energy of aeroacoustic processes supporting cavity flow self-sustained feedback loop responsible for tonal noise generation. The concept is studied with a flow past cavity of length-to-depth ratio of 0.4 at freestream Mach number 0.09 and Reynolds number based on cavity length 4 × 104 using high-fidelity, two-dimensional direct aeroacoustic simulation. Having confirmed the replication of key aeroacoustic processes in the numerical solution through careful validation, localized surface compliance in the form of an elastic panel is strategically introduced to modify every process for cavity noise suppression. The panel natural frequency is set equal to the feedback loop characteristic frequency to facilitate its flow-induced structural resonance for energy absorption. Suppression of cavity noise pressure and power levels by 3.8 and 4.8 dB, respectively, is successfully achieved, together with an unforeseen cavity drag reduction by almost 19%. Comprehensive wavenumber–frequency analyses of the coupled aeroacoustics and flow-induced panel vibration are conducted to uncover the physical mechanism of noise suppression. The results show that the same type of aeroacoustic feedback loop occurs, but its efficacy is significantly reduced due to the exhaustion of aeroacoustic process energy to the flow-induced vibrating panel. The proposed concept is confirmed to be feasible in terms of giving remarkable cavity noise and drag suppression, yet it retains the basic problem geometry intact, which are considered important in many practical applications.

Unique dislocation loops distribution of AlCrFeNiTix eutectic high-entropy alloys under high-temperature ion irradiation

Eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs) have drawn great attention due to their excellent high-temperature mechanical properties. A group of EHEAs AlCrFeNiTix with different titanium contents was irradiated with 3 MeV Fe11+ ions at 500 °C with fluences of 9.1 × 1014 and 4.55 × 1015 ions/cm2. The disordered body-centered-cubic (BCC, A2) exhibited smaller-sized dislocation loops than those of ordered BCC (B2) based on Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The type of loops found in AlCrFeNi alloy were<100>and 1/2<111>. The fraction of 1/2<111>was higher, indicating the excellent irradiation resistance of EHEAs. Small size and large density of dislocation loops formed after the addition of Ti. Phase boundaries in the alloys could effectively decrease the density and size of dislocation loops because of defects annihilation at phase boundaries. In combination with density function theory (DFT) results. B2 phase exhibited better energy landscape advantage in the Ti accommodating, and the MSD results indicated that the lattice distortion effect caused by Ti entering B2 phase was more obvious than A2 according to the density function theory (DFT) results. Our research exhibited a beneficial scheme for solid solution strengthening of elements in EHEAs, and provided an insight into the suppression of dislocation loops under irradiation.

Identifying Chemistry Students' Baseline Systems Thinking Skills When Constructing System Maps for a Topic on Climate Change.

New resources have recently been emerging for educators to implement systems thinking (ST) in chemistry education, including a proposed set of ST skills. While these efforts aim to make ST implementation easier, little is known about how to assess these skills in a chemistry context. In this study, we investigated ST skills employed by students who constructed system maps of a topic related to climate change. Eighteen undergraduate chemistry students from first- to third-year participated in this study. We designed and implemented a ST intervention to capture how students engaged with three ST tasks, performed individually and collaboratively. In our analysis, we focused on 11 ST skills that aligned with five characteristics proposed in a recent study. We found that participants demonstrated most of these ST skills when engaging with the ST tasks, with nuances. Participants' system maps: (1) lacked concepts and connections at the submicroscopic level, (2) included multiple types of connections but few circular loops and causal connections, (3) lacked causal reasoning, although participants did predict how their system maps changed over time, (4) demonstrated the breadth of connections but did not describe human connections to the underlying chemistry of climate change topics. These findings identify aspects of ST where chemistry educators need to place emphasis when teaching ST skills to chemistry students and when guiding learning activities and other assessments. Using our findings, we created an adaptable ST rubric for the chemistry community as a tool for assessing ST skills.

Abstract 6544: Identification of epigenetic regulatory networks associated with the basal-like breast cancer subtype

Abstract Purpose: Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is a biologically aggressive and molecular heterogeneous breast cancer subtype that confers to the patient´s poor prognosis. The crosstalk of epigenetic regulators, such as methylation events and microRNA (miRNA) deregulation, drives breast cancer progression and modulates aggressive tumor phenotypes. However, few studies have specifically characterized the epigenetic regulatory networks of genome-wide DNA methylation-based modifications, miRNAs and transcription factors (TF) expression in BLBC. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify and correlate the DNA methylation profiles and the transcriptional expression of miRNAs and TFs of the BLBC subtype. Methods: To achieve our goal, a comprehensive computational pipeline using the R language was used. First, the transcriptional expression profiles and DNA methylation data of BLBC and non-tumor samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Then, the ELMER package was used to determine the differentially methylated distal probes between these two groups, identifying gene-probes pairs that can be regulated by un/methylated regions that affect the function of TFs. The different expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified using the DESeq2 package. To determine the regulatory pairs (gene, miRNA and TF interactions) the multiMiR, miRWalk, ENCODE, and hTFtarget were used and the regulatory networks were identified by the FANMOD algorithm. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis (PEA) was conducted using the Reactome database and microT-CDS (Diana Tools mirPath v.3). Results: A total of 147 and 199 pairs of gene-probes were identified in hypermethylation and hypomethylation analyses, respectively. Fifty genes and 59 regulatory TFs whose expression was associated with DNA methylation were selected, including members of the E2F (E2Fs) and Krüppel-like factor (KLFs) family. Eleven DE miRNAs, out of the 51 identified, were selected based on their interaction with genes and TFs. These pairs of miRNAs, TF, and genes generated three types of feed-forward loops (FFLs): coherent FFLs, mediated by miRNAs; incoherent FFLs, mediated by TFs; and compost FFLs, mediated by TF and miRNAs. Finally, the PEA analysis showed 51 pathways in which miRNAs, genes, or TFs may interact, including pathways related to DNA repair, cell cycle, pathways in cancer, as well as the defective binding of RB1 mutants to E2F1, and the ErbB signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated the epigenetic regulation of methylation patterns and miRNA expression and their impact on the expression of TFs that may exert critical roles in the BLBC. The functional analysis of these regulatory networks in well-established BLBC models, targeting the signaling pathways identified, can determine whether they modulate the BLBC phenotype and can be used as potential clinical targets. Citation Format: Larissa Miyuki Okano, Alexandre Luiz Azevedo, Tamyres Mingorance Carvalho, Fernanda Brandão Berti, Luciane Regina Cavalli. Identification of epigenetic regulatory networks associated with the basal-like breast cancer subtype. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6544.

In-situ TEM investigation on the evolution of He bubbles and dislocation loops in Ni-based alloy irradiated by H2+ &amp; He+ dual-beam ions

• Synergistic evolution mechanism of He bubbles and loops in Ni-based alloy irradiated by dual-beam ions were investigated via in-situ TEM. • Several evolution stages of the loop-punching mechanism and its effect on evolution of neighboring bubbles and loops were revealed. • The details of the unfaulting processes of the Frank loops and the formation mechanism of rhombic loops were discussed. • Four Frank loop variations were identified, and their different evolution behaviors were studied. The synergistic evolution mechanisms of He bubbles and dislocation loops under 30 keV H 2 + & H e + dual-beam ions irradiation at 650°C in the Ni-based alloy GH3535, which is the most promising candidate structure material for molten salt reactors (MSRs), were revealed via in-situ TEM. The nucleation, merging, and change in the size of the dislocation loops and He bubbles were characterized in detail to study the influences of irradiation fluence and pre-existing dislocation loops on their evolutions. The number density of both the He bubbles and dislocation loops increases rapidly and subsequently saturates, whereas their size continuously increases with the increasing ion fluence. Pre-existing dislocation loops with strong absorption characteristics grow preferentially and suppress the nucleation of dislocation loops during the dual-beam ions irradiation. Moreover, the bubbles tend to nucleate within the dislocation loops to form bubble-loop complexes, and then decrease in their number density. The details of the unfaulting processes of the Frank loops were discussed, where the energy difference between the two types of loops as well as the evolution of the inside Shockley dislocation loops dominates the unfaulting behavior. The several evolution stages of the loop-punching mechanism are revealed, and the emitted loops can directly form perfect loops as well as unfault the neighboring Frank loops. The He bubbles inside the loops provide corresponding stress for the formation of rhombic loops, which can achieve rapid growth and sweep ability by merging with the neighboring loops. Additionally, its dissociation to Shockley dislocation can unfault the Frank loops along their slip direction. Among the four Frank loop variations, the edge-on Frank loop variations have the highest growth rate, followed by the perfect loop. The related mechanisms based on in-situ experimental observation are discussed in depth. Synergistic evolution mechanism of He bubbles and dislocation loops, including loop-punching mechanism and bubble-loop complexes, in Ni-based alloy irradiated by dual-beam ions were investigated via in-situ TEM.

Statistical Test-Based Practical Methods for Detection and Quantification of Stiction in Control Valves

Control valve, affected by stiction, causes closed-loop signals to experience oscillations, which ultimately leads to a decrease in product quality, reduced plant throughput, and increased environmental footprint. Therefore, it is indispensable to detect and quantify stiction in control valves. To accomplish this objective, in the present work, four noninvasive practical and simple methods are developed with the help of statistical tests such as F-test, t-test (Student’s t-test), modified Hotelling T2-test, and reverse arrangement test (RAT). The developed methods are applied to benchmark control loops espoused from chemical, paper, and mining industries. The results of the proposed methods are compared with that of existing methods found in the literature. It is found that the t-test-based method, the modified Hotelling T2-test-based method, and the RAT-based method demonstrate equally good or better performance than the existing methods, while the F-test-based method outperforms some of the existing methods. In addition to detecting stiction, the proposed methods can quantify stiction to timely notify panel operators of stiction severity and assist plant maintenance engineers to arrange plant shutdowns well ahead in time. The proposed methods are applicable to all types of control loops except level loops.

Martian dayside magnetic topology and structures of the cross-terminator magnetic loops – multispecies magnetohydrodynamic simulations

ABSTRACTThe interaction between impinging magnetized solar wind and Martian crustal fields produces complexly distributed magnetic topologies in the dayside magnetosphere. This study focused on obtaining the distribution of Martian dayside magnetic topology and the structures of the cross-terminator magnetic loops. A 3D multispecies magnetohydrodynamic model was employed to simulate the interactions between Mars and solar winds, and a 110° spherical harmonic model was used to calculate the crustal fields. We randomly extracted more than 1000 magnetic field lines from the near-Mars region of the model results. These results indicate the existence of large-scale closed fields and high-inclination-angle open fields in the Southern hemisphere, exerting their influence even above the height of the ionopause, resulting in a complex relationship between plasma motion and magnetic topology distribution. In contrast, the plasma motion patterns in the Northern hemisphere are similar to those observed in unmagnetized planets. Furthermore, the model results show two types of cross-terminator magnetic loop. Small-scale cross-terminator magnetic loops connect the local atmosphere on the dayside and nightside, whereas many large-scale magnetic loops cross the centre–tail region and extend more than 2RM downstream of Mars, especially in the Southern hemisphere. Finally, the clock angle distribution shows magnetic field distortion at 1000 km altitude. This study provides a clearer and more detailed description of the Martian dayside magnetic topology and the structures of the cross-terminator magnetic loops.

Analysis of risk factors for depth of invasion and angiolymphatic invasion for circumferential superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesion

Objective: To analyze clinicopathological features of circumferential superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions and investigate the risk factors for deep submucosal invasion and angiolymphatic invasion retrospectively. Methods: A total of 116 cases of esophageal squamous epithelial high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed by gastroscopy, biopsy pathology and endoscopic resection pathology during November 2013 to October 2021 were collected, and their clinicopathological features were analyzed. The independent risk factors of deep submucosal invasion and angiolymphatic invasion were analyzed by logistic regression model. Results: The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that drinking history (OR=3.090, 95% CI: 1.165-8.200; P<0.05), The AB type of intrapapillary capillary loop (IPCL) (OR=11.215, 95% CI: 3.955-31.797; P<0.05) were the independent risk factors for the depth of invasion. The smoking history (OR=5.824, 95% CI: 1.704-19.899; P<0.05), the presence of avascular area (AVA) (OR=3.393, 95% CI: 1.285-12.072; P<0.05) were the independent factors for the angiolymphatic invasion. Conclusions: The risk of deep submucosal infiltration is greater for circumferential superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with drinking history and IPCL type B2-B3 observed by magnifying endoscopy, while the risk of angiolymphatic invasion should be vigilant for circumferential superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with smoking history and the presence of AVA observed by magnifying endoscopy. Ultrasound endoscopy combined with narrowband imagingand magnification endoscopy can improve the accuracy of preoperative assessment of the depth of infiltration of superficial squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions and angiolymphaticinvasion in the whole perimeter of the esophagus, and help endoscopists to reasonably grasp the indications for endoscopic treatment.

RNA Secondary Structures with Given Motif Specification: Combinatorics and Algorithms.

The study of native motifs of RNA secondary structures helps us better understand the formation and eventually the functions of these molecules. Commonly known structural motifs include helices, hairpin loops, bulges, interior loops, exterior loops and multiloops. However, enumerative results and generating algorithms taking into account the joint distribution of these motifs are sparse. In this paper, we present progress on deriving such distributions employing a tree-bijection of RNA secondary structures obtained by Schmitt and Waterman and a novel rake decomposition of plane trees. The key feature of the latter is that the derived components encode motifs of the RNA secondary structures without pseudoknots associated with the plane trees very well. As an application, we present an algorithm (RakeSamp) generating uniformly random secondary structures without pseudoknots that satisfy fine motif specifications on the length and degree of various types of loops as well as helices.

A mechanics-based perspective on the function of the esophagogastric junction during functional luminal imaging probe manometry.

The esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is located at the distal end of the esophagus and acts as a valve allowing swallowed food to enter the stomach and preventing acid reflux. Irregular weakening or stiffening of the EGJ muscles results in changes to its opening and closing patterns which can progress into esophageal disorders. Therefore, understanding the physics of the opening and closing cycle of the EGJ can provide mechanistic insights into its function and can help identify the underlying conditions that cause its dysfunction. Using clinical functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) data, we plotted the pressure-cross-sectional area loops at the EGJ location and distinguished two major loop types-a pressure dominant loop and a tone dominant loop. In this study, we aimed to identify the key characteristics that define each loop type and determine what causes the inversion from one loop to another. To do so, the clinical observations are reproduced using 1D simulations of flow inside a FLIP device located in the esophagus, and the work done by the EGJ wall over time is calculated. This work is decomposed into active and passive components, which reveal the competing mechanisms that dictate the loop type. These mechanisms are esophageal stiffness, fluid viscosity, and the EGJ relaxation pattern.

Effect of dose rate on the characteristics of dislocation loops in palladium: In-situ TEM analysis during 30 keV H2+ irradiation

Ion irradiation is usually used to simulate neutron irradiation to accelerate the evaluation of the irradiation behavior of reactor materials. However, the validity of using a high damage rate of ion irradiation to simulate a low damage rate of neutron irradiation has always been a controversial topic. Here, the effect of two dose rates (2.94 × 10–6 and 7.35 × 10–5 dpa s–1) on the characteristics and evolution of dislocation loops in palladium was studied in situ during 30 keV H2+ irradiation using transmission electron microscopy. The dose rate obviously affected the nucleation rate and growth rate of dislocation loops, the types (Frank loops or perfect loops) of dislocation loops, and the irradiation hardening and total damage obtained from the product of average loop size and loop density. At the same irradiation dose, a high dose rate would lead to high loop density, small average loop size, low loop growth rate, and low irradiation hardening and damage induced by loops in pure Pd. Meanwhile, it was found for the first time that a high dose rate was beneficial to the generation of perfect dislocation loops. The effect of dose rate was attributed to the different dynamic equilibrium results between the effective generation rate of point defects and their absorption rate by existing sinks. The present results show that the effect of dose rate should be considered when using ion irradiation to simulate neutron irradiation to evaluate the irradiation damage to materials.

Предсказание производительности избранных типов циклов над одномерными массивами посредством анализа эмбеддингов промежуточных представлений

Предложен метод отображения промежуточных представлений C-, C++-программ в пространство векторов (эмбеддингов) для оценки производительности программ на этапе компиляции, без необходимости исполнения. Использование эмбеддингов для данной цели позволяет не проводить сравнение графов исследуемых программ непосредственно, что вычислительно упрощает задачу сравнения программ. Метод основан на серии трансформаций исходного промежуточного представления (IR), таких как: инструментирование — добавление фиктивных инструкций в оптимизационном проходе компилятора в зависимости от разности смещений в текущей инструкции обращения к памяти относительно предыдущей, преобразование IR в многомерный вектор с помощью технологии IR2Vec с понижением размерности по алгоритму t-SNE (стохастическое вложение соседей с t-распределением). В качестве метрики производительности предлагается доля кэш-промахов 1-го уровня (D1 cache misses). Приводится эвристический критерий отличия программ с большей долей кэш-промахов от программ с меньшей долей по их образам. Также описан разработанный в ходе работы проход компилятора, генерирующий и добавляющий фиктивные инструкции IR согласно используемой модели памяти. Приведено описание разработанного программного комплекса, реализующего предложенный способ оценивания на базе компиляторной инфраструктуры LLVM. Проведен ряд вычислительных экспериментов на синтетических тестах из наборов программ с идентичными потоками управления, но различным порядком обращений к одномерному массиву, показано, что коэффициент корреляции между метрикой производительности и расстоянием до эмбеддинга худшей программы в наборе отрицателен вне зависимости от инициализации t-SNE, что позволяет сделать заключение о достоверности эвристического критерия. Также в статье рассмотрен способ генерации тестов. По результатам экспериментов, вариативность значений метрики производительности на исследуемых множествах предложена как метрика для улучшения генератора тестов.

Fingerprint Distribution Features in the Population of Adjara (Georgia)

Our research study interest was to analyze the quantitative specific characteristic of primaryfingerprints in the secondary and high school students in the population of Adjara. Data from 210 individuals have been studied. For obtaining the proper image of the fingerprint pattern, classical method was used. For one of the purposes of our study, the data has been processed according to all ten fingers (n = 2100), where the frequency of distribution of each fingerprint was determined. The Loop type fingerprint was revealed in 58.29 ± 1.08% of cases; Whorl type fingerprint was revealed in 32.9±1.03% of studied individuals, while, Arched type was observed in 8.33±0.60% and only 0.48±0.15% shown Composite type of fingerprint. In our research fingerprint distribution model were as follows: Loop &gt; Whorl &gt; Arches &gt; Composite. Based on obtained data on the population of Ajara, we might conclude that a variety of fingerprint patterns are not related to gender.

The Feasibility and Safety of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Circumferential Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Neoplasms.

Background It remains controversial whether endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is still appropriate for circumferential superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasms (SESCN), and few studies compared the short-term and long-term outcomes of ESD with radical surgery. Methods A total of 140 patients with SESCN who underwent ESD or surgery between February 2014 and October 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The characteristics of patients, operative time, postoperative complications, overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and quality of life (QOL) were compared between the ESD and surgery groups. The effect of different methods to prevent esophageal stenosis after ESD were analysed. Results Drinking, family history of cancer, macroscopic type, and intrapapillary capillary loop (IPCL) type were independent risk factors for deep submucosal invasion (SM ≥ 200 μm). Smoking and IPCL type were independent predictive factors for angiolymphatic invasion. The average operative time of ESD was significantly shorter than that of surgery (174.5 ± 51.16 min vs. 255.9 ± 88.18 min, p < 0.001). The incidence of perioperative complications in ESD group was significantly lower than that in surgery group (5.5% vs. 19.4%, p = 0.015). The ESD group had significantly better functional scale scores for emotional functioning, cognitive functioning, and global health status, and lower rates of pain, dyspnoea, insomnia, appetite loss, diarrhoea, reflux, and trouble with taste than the surgery group. No significant difference in OS and RFS between ESD and surgery group. Conclusions ESD can significantly shorten the operative time and reduce perioperative complications. Additionally, on the premise of using appropriate measures to prevent postoperative stenosis, ESD can be the first choice for the treatment of SESCN, which could provide better QOL, and the long-term prognosis of ESD is no less than that of surgery.