Types Of Language Disorders Research Articles

Studies on the association of genes with language disorders in the post-genomic era

Since genetic research entered the post-genomic era, the high heritability of language disorders has been confirmed. A variety of genetic-related diseases may cause various types of language disorders in children and/or adults. This article has summarized language disorders and their underlying mechanisms by searching the Web of Science database over the last decade, and combed the genetic researches for dyslexia, frontotemporal degeneration, specific language disorder, childhood speech apraxia and other single diseases that are strongly associated with the language disorders. It also provided a discussion over the co-occurrence of multiple diseases, with an aim to revealing the genetic association and/or pathogenetic mechanism in order to provide inspiration for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of language disorders.

Sensory processing profile among a sample of Egyptian children with different types of delayed language development: correlations of different variables

BackgroundResearch on sensory processing, particularly its association with language disorders, has been increasing in recent years, aiming to understand the correlation between language and sensory processing. This study aimed to determine sensory profiles among children aged 36 and 120 months with language disorders (autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), specific language impairment (SLI), and intellectual disability (ID)) and correlate their language ages with their sensory profile responses.ResultsThe study involved 120 children with language disorders (ASD, ADHD, SLI, and ID), and 30 typically developing children. All children were subjected to assessment by the Sensory Profile and the Preschool Language Scale Fourth Edition (PLS-4) Arabic edition. Based on their sensory profile, children with language disorders are distinguished from typically developing peers. The former has a higher prevalence of sensory modulation disorders as well as atypical emotional and behavioral responses to sensory inputs compared to typically developing children. Children with ASD have the highest atypical sensory responses, followed by those with SLI, ADHD, and ID. A negative correlation was found between some sensory profile scores and receptive language scores. Expressive language was related to oral processing in some subtypes of language disorders.ConclusionsThe study indicates that detailed sensory processing assessment in children reveals different faces for different types of language disorders.

Language Disorder In The Main Character Of Tyson’s Run Movie

This at finding out the types of language disorders and finding out the kinds of language therapy given to the main character of Tyson’s Run movie. The data was taken from the Tyson’s Run movie. The method used in collecting the data was documentation and note-taking of the utterances of the main character. In presenting the data analysis, descriptive qualitative methods were utilized to address the problems of this study. Following the data collection, the mixed method and reducing technique were used in analyzing the data in this study. The theory applied in this study is the theory of language disorder proposed by Carroll (2008), and the theory of language therapy proposed by Beukelman (2013), Scarpa (2013), and Adams (2005). Considering the outcomes of this study, the main character, Tyson Hollerman experiences two types of language disorder, namely expressive and receptive language disorder. From this study, there were 15 data found which indicated the presence of language disorders in Tyson. The 15 data consist of 8 data as expressive disorders and 7 data found as receptive language disorders. Furthermore, based on Tyson’s condition, he was provided with various types of language therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) and Pragmatic Language Therapy to address his language disorder.

The Clinical Manifestation of Primary Progressive Aphasia

This review mainly focuses on language disorders. One type of language disorder is known as aphasia. Aphasia is generally occurring due to secondary lesions that appear on subcortical white matter that injures the left hemisphere and hence causes dysfunction in linguistic information such as grammar, syntax, morphology, semantics and other aspects of language. Aphasia is considered an acquired language disorder as it blocks the language usage as a whole. Aphasia can be of primary and secondary. Primary aphasia deals with problems associated with language mechanisms whereas secondary aphasia deals with problems associated from memory, attention and perceptual impairment. Primary progressive aphasia also abbreviated as PPA, is a neurodegenerative disorder that is closely associated with any form of cerebrovascular accident such as stroke, cerebral tumours and brain injury that affects the middle cerebral artery and its branches. Primary progressive aphasia also tends to form when there is family history and 2-3 siblings receive it. It is led to believe that people inherit PPA due to the mutation of a particular gene known as progranulin on chromosome 17q21.31. While progranulin gene is mutated, a hyperphosphorylated protein is deposited in brain known as tau in the form of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles or otherwise known as pick bodies.

Expressive and Receptive Language Disorder of Shaun Murphy in The Good Doctor Series

The autistic savant is a rare condition that occurs in people with autism that affects the ability in expressing and receiving language information appropriately. This study aimed to describe the expressive and receptive language disorder of Shaun Murphy as the autistic savant main character in The Good Doctor movie. It used descriptive qualitative method to get a deep understanding of the language disorder as portrayed in the movie. The data were taken from Shaun Murphy’s utterances transcribed from The Good Doctor movie. The analysis employed the theory of Carroll to describe how autistic savant person communicates with others. The findings from this study indicated that of the twelve utterances produced by Shaun Murphy, only four from six types of language disorders were found. They included stuttering, phonological disorder, difficulty in understanding the concept, and difficulty in following directions. Shaun Murphy dominantly produced stuttering. He often spoke with stammering, hanging, and repetition of sentences. In this case, the language disorders of the main character appeared when he was panic, happy, anxious, and unconfident; which could influence his way of communication.

Language Disorder of the Main Character in Dancing in the Rain Movie

This study is aimed at finding out types of language disorder and explaining the symptoms shown in each type of language disorders experienced by the main character in “Dancing in the Rain” movie. This study uses descriptive qualitative method. The data of this study are in the form of words, phrases, sentences and behavior which taken from the main character’s utterances and behaviors during his engagement in activities. The result of this study shows that the two types of language disorder: expressive language disorder and receptive language disorder were experienced by Banyu Anggoro as the main character in ‘Dancing in the Rain’ movie. Each type of language disoder shows some different symptoms with varying occurrences. The symptoms shown in receptive language disorder are not appearing to listen, difficulty following verbal directions, limited vocabulary, difficulty understanding complex sentences, difficulty interpreting words or phrases, and demonstrating lack of interest. Meanwhile, the symptoms of expressive language disorder are word-finding difficulties, limited vocabulary, over reliance on stock phrases, and difficulty coming to the point of what they are trying to say.

HUMAN LANGUAGE DISORDER

This research is related to psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics. It is one of the interdisciplinary studies between linguistics and the human brain. Here, it is more to describe the definition and types of human language disorders (language disorder). Language disorders are disorders that involve the processing of lainguistic information. Language disorder problems experienced can involve grammar (syntax and / or morphology), semantics (meaning), or other aspects of language. These problems may be responsive (involving impaired understanding of language), expressive (involving language production), or a combination of the two. The types of language disorders are as follows (1) disturbance of speech mechanism: interference due to pulmonary factors, disturbance due to laryngeal factors, disturbances due to lingual factors, disturbance due to resonance factors. (2) multifactorial distraction: random speaking, speaking propulsively, mutis speaking (mutism). (3) psychogenic disturbances: spoiled speech, seductive speech, stuttering, talkative talk. (4) aphasia: (1) motor aphasia (cortical motor aphasia, subcortical motor aphasia, transcortical motor aphasia). (2) sensory aphasia.

Language Disorder Analysis of an Autistic Savant in the Rain Man Movie

Language is a basic need to our existence of life since speaking, listening, reading, and writing are such fundamental aspects of our daily lives. Those aspects are substantial in establishing social interaction and seizing fabulous achievements as well. However, some people suffered from injured brain, mental retardation, and autism who experienced difficulties such as speech disorder and language disorder. This research was designed to identify types of words utterances and types of language disorder that produced by an autistic savant character in the Rain Man movie. By conducting qualitative research with psycholinguistic approaches, this study revealed the autistic savant characters of the producing utterances, namely articulation disorder, phonological disorder, voice disorder and repetition. By developing people’s knowledge and awareness on the autistic language disorder, this study enlightened people to communicate and understand autistic person in their surroundings and prevented miscommunication as well. Further research is expected to be administered, particularly on an autistic woman to explore comprehensive knowledge and understanding on autistic language disorder.

LANGUAGE DISORDER EXPERIENCED BY A MAN WITH ASD AS A LEADER OF CONSERVATION ORGANIZATION

This paper aims to identify the different types of language disorders that a man with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially Asperger Syndrome (AS), can experience. The information was in the form of phonemes, words, phrases, clauses, and sentences that he used in his everyday utterances as the leader of a local conservation group. The objective of this research is to classify different types of pragmatic impairment in AS characters and to clarify the pragmatic impairment that AS individuals face in his everyday life which conclude unresponsive, unbalanced, mismatched, lack of control and lack of playfulness based on the research problems. Academically, this analysis is intended to make substantial contributions to the fields of psycholinguistics and pragmatics. It's relevant to the psycholinguistics perspective because it's about the disability. It is a practical guide that professionals, lecturers, students, physicians, language pathologists, therapists, and readers from a variety of fields can use.

Use of graphical markers for the differential diagnosis of primary progressive aphasia subtypes

AbstractBackgroundPrimary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) brings together a group of neurodegenerative pathologies whose principal characteristic is to start with a progressive language disorder. Three main PPA subtypes were established, depending on the affected brain regions and the type of language disorder: the logopenic subtype (lvPPA), the non‐fluent/agrammatic subtype (nfavPPA) and the semantic subtype (svPPA) (Gorno‐Tempini et al., 2011). PPA diagnosis is often delayed in non‐specialised clinical settings. With the development of technologies, new diagnostic tools can be used, such as writing on a touch pad (Plonka et al., 2020). We have already highlighted differences between patients with typical Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and healthy controls (Gros et al., 2019), but the kinematic writing parameters are still understudied in the differential diagnosis of PPA subtypes.Method29 subjects with Primary Progressive Aphasia (lvPPA N= 18; nfavPPA N=6; svPPA N=5) were included in this study. They performed ten graphical markers tasks (2 non‐cognitive and non‐linguistic tasks, 4 cognitive and non‐linguistic tasks and 4 linguistic tasks) on an I‐Pad® tablet. Different writing parameters were extracted: writing pressure, velocity, jerk and stroke.ResultPreliminary results revealed a main effect of diagnosis in linguistic tasks on average velocity (p= 0,041) and on average stroke (p= 0,029). The two‐by‐two comparison of different variants of PPA also showed significative differences: 1) lvPPA vs nfavPPA: significant differences in the average velocity, jerk and stroke were found, with lvPPA participants showing a higher velocity (p= 0,037), jerk (p= 0,046) and stroke (p= 0,014) than nfavPPA participants in linguistic tasks. 2) lvPPA vs svPPA: significant difference in velocity was found in linguistic task (p=0,037). 3) nfavPPA vs svPPA: significant difference in maximum pressure was found in linguistic task (p= 0,044), with nfavPPA participants showing a lower maximum pressure than svPPA participants.ConclusionThese preliminary results suggest that the use of graphical markers can be helpful in the differential diagnosis of PPA subtypes. A longitudinal study is ongoing to collect a bigger and more balanced PPA sample by including these markers within an already existing screening test battery.

Neologistic Jargon Aphasia: A Case of Akala Gboo

This paper conducts a psycholinguistic analysis of a neologistic jargon aphasic, Akala Gboo (a pseudonym of the patient) who is 52 years old. Neologistic jargon aphasia is a type of language disorder that manifests in the form of fluent speech, production of series of meaningless sounds and formulation of new words. This aphasic condition has not been explored to a large extent by researchers. By adopting the descriptive research design and using oral interview as instrument of data collection, the research finds out that the jargon aphasic exhibits elements of phonemic and morphemic paraphasias; as well as production of new words which are very much meaningful to him but they sound as gibberish to the hearers such as kwotekumakumakakununism, inianimous kalikwokaminolamkamkwuu. The paper finds out that the stimulants of the jargon aphasic symptoms are excitement and excessive intake of alcohol and cigarette. However, the paper recommends that government agencies and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) should set up an aphasia centre where the needs of aphasics will be catered for and which will also make them easily accessible for aphasia researchers.

STUTTERING LANGUAGE DISORDER OF STAND-UP COMEDIAN OFF-STAGE SPEECH

This study aims to analyze the type of stuttering found in a stand-up comedian's speech when speaking offstage. It used a descriptive qualitative method. The theoretical concept used is from Carrol (1986) on the types of language disorders and it adapted the theoretical framework of Handoko (2014) and Saragih (2018) to analyze the types and the occurrence of stuttering language disorder. Based on the results of the analysis, there are two kinds of expressive language disorders found in namely fluency disorder and voice disorder. Fluency disorder occurs in the form of repetition, prolongation, interjection, and pause. The type of stuttering mostly found is repetition. There is no characteristic of circumlocution stuttering. In addition to bringing up the types of individual characteristics, the utterances also show combinations of voice disorders.

Speech Understanding by Children Diagnosed with Delayed Verbal Development in the Context of Family Functioning

The assumptions of the own research presented in the article refer to the socio-interactive approach that assumes that learning and proper language acquisition by a child require cognitive activity, proper progress in cognitive development, and active - resulting from social relations - observation of adult speech. The research assumptions also take into account the importance of the autoregulatory function of language and systemic understanding of the concept of family.
 The aim of the study was to check the presence of the relationship between speech understanding by children with delayed verbal development and the various dimensions of their family functioning and ego-resiliency of parents.
 The study included a group of 72 well-cognitively functioning Polish children aged 5-7 with a diagnosis of delayed verbal development and their families selected using random and nonprobability sampling. The children were examined using the Polish Picture Vocabulary Test – Comprehension - version A (PPVT-C). Functioning of the families of the examined children was operationalized by the results of FACES IV by D. Olson (the Polish version of the scale was used); while the Ego Resiliency Scale was used to study resilience.
 The results of the conducted research indicate, among others, that families of children with lower scores on speech understanding present less favorable functioning profiles in the scope of selected dimensions of FACES -IV: Family Communication, Cohesion, Disengaged and Family Satisfaction. However, the relationship between the child's understanding of speech and other demographic variables such as parent's age, parent's gender, parent's education, marital status has not been confirmed.
 It was recognized that the results of the research will allow in the future to optimize the therapeutic services offered to children with verbal development disorders and their families in their natural environment, as well as to allow the presentation of appropriate strategies to support speech development (especially speech understanding abilities) in children. The creation of a group representing a certain type of language disorder will allow a better adaptation of the training program to the specific difficulties experienced by a child, as well as allow for more effective involvement of parents in preventive measures.

Proposta de apresentação da classificação dos transtornos de linguagem oral no adulto e no idoso

Introdução: Indivíduos adultos e idosos acometidos por lesões ou disfunções do Sistema Nervoso Central podem apresentar como consequência quadros diversos de transtornos de linguagem. Definir o tipo de transtorno de linguagem que ocorre em cada paciente tem grande relevância clínica e científica. A literatura descreve variados tipos de transtornos de linguagem oral, porém não apresenta um sistema de classificação com o maior número possível de tipos de transtornos de linguagem. Objetivo: Propor uma forma de apresentação abrangente da classificação dos transtornos de linguagem oral que podem ocorrer em adultos e idosos. Método: Revisão não sistemática de literatura. A apresentação dos transtornos de linguagem foi realizada a partir do agrupamento dos diversos tipos de transtornos de linguagem já descritos na literatura, mas com taxonomia organizada considerando critérios como a manifestação linguística e etiologia. Resultados: Os tipos de transtornos de linguagem oral que acometem a população em questão foram classificados em três grandes categorias, os transtornos de linguagem afásicos, os transtornos de linguagem não afásicos, e os transtornos cognitivos da comunicação. O grupo de transtornos de linguagem afásicos recebeu uma subclassificação própria. Conclusão: A utilização desta classificação poderá auxiliar a comunicação entre os profissionais, permitir a caracterização dos pacientes e facilitar o raciocínio clínico. É esperado que o avanço científico na área acarrete em mudanças na classificação destas condições e no próprio paradigma de estabelecimento dos diagnósticos médico e fonoaudiológico.

Association of language, behavior, and parental stress in young children with a language disorder

BackgroundSeveral studies show that language problems, child behavior problems, and parental stress can co-occur in children. Still, little is known about how these domains are related in toddlers with a language disorder (LD). AimsThis study examined relations between language problems, child behaviour problems, and parental stress in toddlers with LD and if these relations differ for children with different types of LD. MethodData of 185 children with LD (mean age 38 months) were collected using Routine Outcome Monitoring. Children were divided into two groups: presence of receptive and expressive problems (REP) and expressive problems only (EP). Relations were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. ResultsA better receptive language was associated with less teacher-reported internalizing and externalizing problems. A better expressive vocabulary was associated with more parent-reported internalizing problems and more teacher-reported externalizing problems. No relation was found between language and parental stress. Associations between language, behavior, and parental stress did not differ for children with REP or children with EP. ConclusionsOur study shows that when specific language domains are examined, the pattern of associations between language and behavior becomes more complex, because relations exist between specific language domains and behavior, but not between all of them.

Three neural networks that support syntactic processing in language

Elucidation of language disorders is one of the fundamental issues in clinical neuroscience. We used magnetic resonance imaging and a syntactic task in Japanese to examine the behavior and brain structures of patients with a left frontal glioma. We successfully showed that they had different types of language disorders (particularly agrammatic comprehension) dependent on the location of the glioma. Moreover, we describe three neural networks that support syntactic processing, including an extensive network within the cerebellum and both hemispheres of the brain.

Setting new tracks: not just creating another pretty picture

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has the lure that functional MRI had in the 1980s; it often yields beautiful pictures, whether or not it confirms your beautiful hypotheses. It is not that we haven't learned much from both, indeed, functional MRI has revealed substantial insights into the networks of brain regions that work together to support cognitive functions; how these networks change to support recovery of function over time after stroke (Saur et al ., 2006); and how these networks are altered in disease states—for example, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia (Zhou et al ., 2010) and developmental disabilities such as dyslexia (e.g. Hu et al ., 2010). Similarly, DTI, and particularly tractography, have provided important new information, for example, about the various connections of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, and how lesions affecting the separate connections might explain various types of language disorder (Catani and ffytche, 2005) or neglect (Bartolomeo et al ., 2007). It has also helped in monitoring disease progression in diseases such as multiple sclerosis; and proved useful in evaluating recovery in a variety of neurological contexts. But the lure to be avoided is to use DTI merely to localize a previously well described behaviour. That is, the field is already full of voxel-based morphometry studies of the precise voxels most associated with performance on a particular published test. Adding another layer of localization—the white matter tracts where disruption is associated with impaired performance on that particular test—is not a sufficient advance unless the behaviour itself is interesting, or a specific hypothesis about the white matter tract or the disease of interest is being tested. This issue of Brain remembers John Hughlings Jackson. In the 1860s Dr Hughlings Jackson wrote a large number of influential observations on …

P01-333-Autism and epilepsy in a paediatric liaison unit – A brief review

IntroductionAutism is a behavioural phenotype of unknown aetiology characterized by social and communication deficits and the presence of restricted interests/repetitive behaviours. The prevalence of epilepsy is increased but variable in children with autism. Epidemiological data suggests that 10–30% of patients with autism have the diagnosis of epilepsy. All seizure types can be associated with autism. There are several different studied risk factors for epilepsy prevalence in patients with autism: age, gender, cognitive level, type of language disorder and co-morbid medical conditions. It is speculated by some authors the possibility of common pathophysiological mechanisms between some clinical and subclinical epilepsy and autism. The diagnosis of seizures in autistic children can be difficult since behavioural abnormalities seen in complex partial and absence seizures can be due to autism itself.Aims and objectivesThe authors intend to briefly review the association between autism and clinical epilepsy illustrated by 3 clinical vignettes of children followed in a Paediatric Liaison Unit.MethodsReview of clinical files and relevant published literature.Results and conclusionsThere isn’t sufficient data helping clinicians to predict which children will develop epilepsy. The treatment is not substantially different from other cases of epilepsy, however, doesn’t seem to have a major impact on the autism symptomatology. Although there is controversy in the literature concerning the association between autism and epilepsy (“direct cause and effect” “association” or an “epiphenomenon”), the latter should be routinely screened in autism patients.

Types of Language Disorders in Students Classified as ED: Prevalence and Association with Learning Disabilities and Psychopathology

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of four types of language disorders among public school students ( N = 152) classified as Emotional Disturbance (ED). We also examined the association of the types of language disorders experienced by these students with specific learning disabilities and clinical levels of specific types of psychopathology. Nearly 66% of the students with ED experienced a language disorder, with combined receptive-expressive disorders being the most common (35.5%). Students with a language disorder, particularly combined receptive-expressive disorder, showed significantly poorer achievement and more learning disabilities (LD) in all areas compared to students with no language disorder. Furthermore, 91.3% of the students with any LD also had a language disorder. Types of language disorders were not significantly distinguished by psychopathology, although severity was serious in both students with and without a language disorder. These findings have implications for the identification and treatment of language disorders in students classified ED.

The Effects of Korean Word Frequency and Phonological Change in Several Types of Language Disorder

The Effects of Korean Word Frequency and Phonological Change in Several Types of Language Disorder