Types Of Interpersonal Relationships Research Articles

The Influence of Personality Shaping on Romantic Relationships in Early Adulthood

Intimacy is a type of interpersonal relationship that refers to a subjectively experienced emotional or physical closeness. In the modern society of individualization, the focus on emotional communication and confession, mutual knowledge, and understanding are at the heart of modern, intimate relationships. Patterns in intimate relationships are often related to the individual’s personality. Research has shown that personality building in infancy and early adulthood has important implications for romantic relationships, including attachment relationships, self-expansion, mindfulness, and changing established work patterns. Owing to the existent relevant academy of factors influencing romantic relationships is extensive, and the factors appear relatively independent, this literature review tries to reduce this confusing status quo by presenting a neoteric perspective. This literature review will provide empirical and conceptual insights from (i) an overview of the definitions and mechanisms of action of different theories and (ii) an analysis of the links between different factors.

FEATURES OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS OF MILITARY PERSONNEL WITH DIFFERENT STRATEGIES OF BEHAVIOUR IN CONFLICT

The article analyses theoretical and methodological approaches to the problem of conflicts, its features, types and causes of occurrence. The analysis of various types of interpersonal relationships among military personnel is presented. The authors consider the interrelation of types of interpersonal relations and behaviour strategies of cadets of a military institute in resolving conflict situations in educational and military professional activities.

Association between interpersonal relations and anxiety, depression symptoms, and suicidal ideation among middle school students.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between different types of interpersonal relationships and anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation and discusses the impact of different grades among middle school students. The Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, the Chinese version of the Generalized Anxiety Scale, suicidal ideation questions, and interpersonal relations items were used to measure the depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, and interpersonal relations of the participants. The variables of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and interpersonal relations were screened using the Chi-square test and principal component analysis. AMOS17.0 constructs the path of the association between interpersonal relations and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and suicidal ideation. The mother-child relationship had direct impacts of -0.06, -0.07, and -0.06 on anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. On anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation, the direct impacts of the father-child relationship were -0.09, -0.03, and -0.08. Moreover, the direct effects of peer relationships on depressive symptoms were -0.04, whereas the direct impact of teacher-student relationships on anxiety and depressive symptoms were -0.10 and -0.09. Further pathway analysis based on grade level showed that in the junior high school model, the direct effect of the mother-child relationship on anxiety and depressive symptoms was -0.18 and -0.16. The direct impact of the father-child relationship on depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation was -0.08 and 0.09. The direct effect of peer relationships on depressive symptoms was -0.08, and the direct impact of the teacher-student relationship on anxiety symptoms was -0.06. In the high school model, the direct effect of the mother-child relationship on suicidal ideation was -0.07, while the direct impact of the father-child relationship on anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation was -0.10, -0.07, and -0.12, respectively. In addition, the direct effects of peer relationships on anxiety and depression were -0.06 and -0.05, and the direct impact of teacher-student relationships on anxiety and depression was -0.10 and -0.11. The father-child relationship affects suicidal ideation and depression the most, followed by the mother-child relationship, the teacher-student interaction, and the peer relationship. The teacher-student relationship influences anxiety symptoms the most, followed by the father-child and mother-child relationships. The association between interpersonal interactions and anxiety, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation varied significantly across grade levels.

On the Innovation Mechanism and Communication Path of Philosophical Thinking in Innovative Community Environment.

The development of philosophy has spawned a new type of interpersonal relationship, namely network community. As the main group of network applications, college students are an important part of the network community. Different from traditional thinking, community philosophical thinking has the remarkable characteristics of “equality, interaction, openness, and cooperation.” In the new media environment, we should fully learn from and learn philosophical thinking, carry out mechanism innovation, and form a “decentralized” network education community system; create a borderless network “education ecology”; build a network education model integrating “self-education” and “peer education”; promote the upgrading of network education mechanism from “one-way traffic” to “interactive participation”; and innovate the education mechanism in four aspects, so as to better meet the requirements of Education under the new media environment and improve the effect at the same time. Facing the era environment of philosophy and technology, the community environment should rely on the network community to study the innovation path. This paper first analyzes the connotation and characteristics of the online community, then discusses the innovation mechanism and communication significance of philosophical thinking based on the online community, and finally summarizes the innovation path of philosophical thinking based on the online community. By combing the impact and challenges brought by philosophy, this paper analyzes the necessity and importance of constructing innovation mechanisms under philosophical thinking, explains the rationality and superiority of innovation mechanisms under philosophical thinking, and puts forward some suggestions on constructing innovation mechanisms and communication path.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOGRAPHS OF POLICE OFFICERS BY MAIN TYPES OF OFFICIAL ACTIVITY IN THE NATIONAL POLICE OF UKRAINE

The National Police of Ukraine is in a state of reform and needs to significantly improve its work towards optimizing the system of psychological training of employees and psychological support of their service activities. The presented article is devoted to the results of comparative analysis of psychographs of police professions (operative criminal investigation, pre-trial investigation body, district police officer, patrol police officer, security police officer), developed in the process of large-scale experimental research. Psychograms were created on the basis of a systematic approach based on the use of an optimal set of psychodiagnostic techniques, which made it possible to study the basic individual and personal characteristics of employees of the National Police of Ukraine. It is emphasized that psychological features determine the level of professional suitability of employees for activities according to the criteria of general abilities (verbal and nonverbal intelligence, creativity), personal characteristics (personal characteristics, leading personal tendencies, personal accentuations of character, temperamental features, types of interpersonal relationships) and motivational orientation (features of motivational orientation, self-actualization). The article presents common features that are common to all types of policing, as well as the main differences in the basic criteria and indicators of professional suitability of the individual to work, draws conclusions on improving the psychological selection of police officers and their appointment. It is argued that policing is characterized by a number of invariant features, which are due not only to the specifics of the professional activity, but also their variability depending on the specific type of service. The presented results of the comparative analysis of psychograms of police officers by main types of activity prove the differences in the studied criteria and indicators of professional suitability of the police officer's personality to official activity. This will be useful in the appointment of persons to positions and thus help to increase the effectiveness of the forecast of further success of the police.

INVESTIGATING STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS SCIENCE IN THE COLLEGES OF EDUCATION

The study investigated the attitude of teacher trainees towards the study of science in the Colleges of Education in Ghana. It looked at the students’ attitude from four main perspectives; their motivation (encouragement) to learn science, their interest (enjoyment) in science lessons, their level of involvement (participation) in science lessons, and the type of interpersonal relationship that exist between them and their science tutors. A twenty (20) - item questionnaire on a five-point Likert-type scale for students was used to collect data on students’ attitude towards science. The respondents consisted of one hundred and fifty (150) students from the Colleges of Education in Ghana, namely Foso College of Education, Enchi College of Education, and Komenda College of Education. The attitude of the students was determined by descriptive analysis by calculating the average (mean) score (X/N) for each dimension (i.e., sum score of items under a dimension, X divided by the total number of responded items, N for dimension). Since attitude students have towards science are influential in determining their performance in science, this study hoped to find out the extent to which students in the selected colleges of education possess the four positive attitudes measured in this study. The result produced indicated that the students possessed none of the positive attitudes towards the study of science.

ГЕНДЕРНАЯ СПЕЦИФИКА ОБРАЗА Я СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МОЛОДЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ

The study of the self-image and its gender specificity is presented in the article. It is stated that gender socialization, having global changes in terms of modern social and cultural transformations, is one of the components of the positive or negative gender identity, which is in turn correlated with self-image, understood as a set of the depth of self-knowledge (cognitive component), self-relation (affective component) and the relevance consistency of behavior patterns (behavior component). There are 38 women and 9 men who took part in our research, aged between 18-28 years. Among them, there are 21 participants with the harmonical gender identity, 13 participants with the androgyny and 13 participants with the disharmonic gender identity (such as gender-unidentified men and women, masculine women and feminine men). It is shown that androgyne participants have the independent (II) type of interpersonal relationship and the lowest level of internal conflictness. The group with the disharmonic gender identity shows the aggressive (III) type of interpersonal relationship. The group with the harmonical gender identity shows the dependent (VI) type of interpersonal relationship. The results illustrate the correlation between gender socialization and the positive selfimage.

From phubee to phubber: the transmission of phone snubbing behavior between marital partners

PurposeThe ubiquity of mobile phone use has generated a common phenomenon called phubbing, a reference to snubbing someone in social settings and instead concentrating on one's phone. Despite numerous adverse effects of phubbing argued in previous research, the group of phubbers is growing intensively. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential transmission of phubbing between marital partners to raise public awareness of the propagation of phubbing.Design/methodology/approachA two-wave study with a 3-month interval was conducted, using matched husband–wife data from 253 Chinese couples. Husbands and wives separately completed questionnaires about their spouses’ phubbing and their marital quality. The dyadic data analysis method was applied to test the research hypotheses.FindingsThe results confirm the transmission of phubbing and show a pronounced gender asymmetry in the process of phubbing transmission. Phubbing could be transmitted from wives to husbands, but not vice versa. Specifically, only wives' phubbing significantly undermine relationship quality, while relationship quality was negatively related to both husbands' phubbing and wives' phubbing.Originality/valueThis study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanism of phubbing transmission and provide support for reciprocity theory and social role theory. Results can cause public attention to the transmissibility of phubbing and provide enlightenment on the management of personal phone behavior and offer insight into research on technology use in other types of interpersonal relationships.

Cooking and Eating as Linguistic Experiences: Metamorphoses in the Japanese Familial Culinary Universe Reflected in the Movie パパのお弁当は世界 一 Papa no Obentō wa Sekai Ichi 一 Dad's Lunch Box

Abstract The aim of this study is to describe the role of bentōs (Japanese lunch boxes) in contemporary Japanese society and its importance in different types of interpersonal relationships (the father-daughter relationship, friendship and love relationships). We will illustrate the value of this cultural element by analyzing the movie パパのお 弁当は世界一 Papa no Obentō wa Sekai Ichi 一 Dad's Lunch Box (2017) directed by Fukatsu Masakazu (who drew inspiration from a popular post on Tweeter in which a girl's high school graduation day is marked by the fact that she conveys her thanks to her father for having prepared her daily bentōs in the last three years (Shoji)), a movie that reflects various aspects of modern Japan: the changing roles of family members and the changing relationships between them. Moreover, we will focus on how bentō evolves into a means of communication in this movie, and how it contributes to reconfiguring the facets of Japanese masculinities in a society that is no more characterized by its traditional form. We will also depict the characteristics of bentōs and will take into consideration their historical background in order to situate them in the context of the evolution of food-preparing practices.

More than Meets the Tie: Examining the Role of Interpersonal Relationships in Social Networks

Topics in conversations depend in part on the type of interpersonal relationship between speakers, such as friendship, kinship, or romance. Identifying these relationships can provide a rich description of how individuals communicate and reveal how relationships influence the way people share information. Using a dataset of more than 9.6M dyads of Twitter users, we show how relationship types influence language use, topic diversity, communication frequencies, and diurnal patterns of conversations. These differences can be used to predict the relationship between two users, with the best predictive model achieving a macro F1 score of 0.70. We also demonstrate how relationship types influence communication dynamics through the task of predicting future retweets. Adding relationships as a feature to a strong baseline model increases the F1 and recall by 1% and 2%. The results of this study suggest relationship types have the potential to provide new insights into how communication and information diffusion occur in social networks.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IN DEAF CHILDREN

Under certain conditions, associated with the presence of early and significant hearing loss, there are some peculiarities observed in children's interpersonal communication. Their knowledge can serve as a guide for overcoming difficulties and maximizing successful communication. The present study is dedicated to identifying the peculiarities of communicative behavior and the type of interpersonal relationships between children with hearing impairments integrated into mainstream schools. The experiment involved 40 children, divided into two groups: control group (hearing children) and experimental group (deaf children). The Diagnostic toolkit contains 3 methodologies: the Raven progressive matrices for determining the level of nonverbal intelligence; a test for evaluation of communicative and initiating abilities, the T. Leary's psycho-diagnostic methodology for establishing interpersonal relationships in the subjects studied. The results of the first test revealed that the intellectual profile of 7-9-year-old students was significantly different from that of their hearing peers. The second test also found differences between the hearing and the deaf, but these were not statistically significant. The Leary test clearly showed that in the process of interpersonal communication, deaf children tend to be authoritarian, selfish, aggressive and suspicious of relationships. At the same time, their hearing peers seek to form an altruistic type of personal relationships.

Process of adaptation of first-year students to study at university as pedagogical phenomenon: structure and characteristics

The article is devoted to the study and analysis of the process of adaptation of first-year students to studying at a university as a pedagogical phenomenon. In the process of developing the personality of a future specialist, a significant role is played by the initial stage of studying at a university. Its complexity lies in restructuring the whole system of value-cognitive orientation of the student’s personality, developing new methods of cognitive activity and forming certain types of interpersonal relationships. The main characteristic of this stage is the process of students’ adaptation to university education. The aim of the paper is to develop scientific ideas about the nature, structure, and characteristics of students’ adaptation to the educational process in a university. The article considers scientific works on the problem under study, reveals different approaches of researches to adaptation Based on the analysis of scientific literature and experience, the author defines the terms “adaptation”, “the process of adaptation”, “adaptedness”. The comparative analysis of the terms “adjustment” and “adaptation”, “imitation” and “adaptation”, “socialization” and “adaptation” is carried out. Special attention is also given to the significant role of education for the process of adaptation and socialization. The structure of the process of students’ adaptation to studying at a university including types, phases, and forms of adaptation is thoroughly investigated and described in the article. Based on the results of students’ recitation the paper presents the list of the most common difficulties in the process of adaptation of first-year students in order of their significance.

МІСЦЕ ПІДРУЧНИКА В ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНОМУ СКЛАДНИКУ ОСВІТНЬОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ГІМНАЗІЇ

This article outlines the problem of determining the place of the textbook as an information and communication component of the educational environment of the gymnasium, the importance of which is growing during the rapid development of innovative technologies. In the article were analyzed various approaches of scientists to this question, trends in the use of electronic textbooks as a modern pedagogical software in the educational environment of the gymnasium, the creation of multimedia presentations that provide computer support for learning in the structure of technology for the development of critical thinking. Given the definitions of such concepts as: : «educational environment of the educational institution» and «pedagogical technology», «intellectual interface», «educational multimedia presentation», «information and communication component of the educational environment of the gymnasium». Emphasized the importance of using electronic teaching aids without harming the health of students. The focus is on the leading functions of the modern electronic book in the information and communication component of the educational environment of the gymnasium, which allows to successfully implement the tasks of the educational process, influence the information base, type of interpersonal relationships, ways of interaction with the environment, freedom of expression, cultivation of individuality, creative self-creativity, personality. Highlighted the peculiarities of the growing role of the schoolbook which deepens the significance of the modern traditional and electronic book, expands the variability of its functions in the conscious assimilation of knowledge provided by school programs. Based on the study of scientific sources, educational and methodical works, it is investigated that the modern traditional and electronic textbook occupies an important place in the information and communication component of the educational environment of the gymnasium, and should provide any desired level of study, not be designed for the average student.

Психологические особенности участников виртуальной группы

The paper deals with the psychological characteristics of the subjects who regularly play computer games together. An empirical study confirms the hypothesis about the differences in the indicators of social and psychological adaptation, exposure to stress and the differences in the types of interpersonal relationships among the members of real and virtual groups. The subjects who regularly play computer games together have less trust in others and are less likely to cooperate and communicate with them and adapt to social conditions. They are more prone to stress development and feel more emotional discomfort compared to the members of real social groups. Based on the research findings, the author concludes that these subjects face psychological problems. These problems are either compensated or replaced by the involvement in a virtual group.

Intimate partner cohesion and military unit cohesion: Different types of interpersonal relationships each uniquely predict soldier well-being

ABSTRACTAlthough research on military populations has found that measures of personal well-being are correlated with both intimate partner cohesion and military unit cohesion, it is not clear how these correlations should be interpreted. Based on Relationship Regulation Theory, it was expected that each type of interpersonal relationship would have independent effects, that each would uniquely predict outcomes, and that effects would remain significant after controlling for person-level traits and experiences, such as trait resilience and exposure to combat. A sample of 273 active-duty military personnel completed self-report measures of cohesion in two types of interpersonal relationships (intimate relationships and military unit relationships), two control variables (trait resilience and combat exposure), and three outcome variables (well-being, negative emotionality, and trauma-related stress). Results indicated that cohesion in the two types of relationships were minimally related to each other, but both correlated with outcome variables. Effects for each type of interpersonal relationship remained significant after controlling for the other type and controlling for trait resilience and combat exposure. The results suggest that the effects of interpersonal cohesion are best understood as reflecting experiences in specific types of relationships rather than general characteristics of people in those relationships.

The Interpersonal Context of Human/Nonhuman Animal Violence

ABSTRACTThis research explores the relationship between the nature of animal cruelty perpetrated by owners versus cruelty against animals of domestic partners, family members, and neighbors. All animal cruelty incidents in the City of Detroit for which there is a police report between 2007 and 2015 were included in the analysis. Animal cruelty was categorized into eight types of abuse: dog fighting, shooting, neglect, poisoning, threat, stabbing, kicking/hitting with blunt force, and “other.” A list of motivations for the cruelty was also coded based on information contained in the police reports. Descriptive and association analyses along with odds ratios derived from logistic regression were used to illustrate the likelihood of method of cruelty, given a particular relationship type and motivation. Findings suggest that the types of cruelty perpetrated by owners of the animal are different from cruelty committed by a family member, neighbor, or intimate partner. Perpetrators who are intimate partners or family members of the owner of the animal are more likely to demonstrate more active cruelty such as kicking or blunt force injuries, while owners are more likely to evidence forms of neglect. General relationships between cruelty type, motivations, and interpersonal relationships are similar among all those accused of animal cruelty and those that have also been charged with other crimes. The findings suggest that connections between interpersonal relationships and the types of animal cruelty perpetrated are more complex than previously understood, and that actions taken to reduce animal cruelty must be multipronged and take into account the variation in types of interpersonal relationships and types of cruelty.

Emotion Regulation Dynamics in Interpersonal Workplace Relationships

Emotion regulation and emotional labor researchers have begun addressing the importance of dynamic features of emotion regulation in the workplace. Although many emotion regulation studies have been conducted in the service sector, less have been conducted among employees in occupations with ongoing interactions with clients. We conducted in-depth interviews with 42 aged care workers and managers from residential and community aged care providers in China. Using template analysis approach, we found the dynamics of emotion regulation switching from response-focused to antecedent-focused strategies to regulate one emotion within an emotional episode and different emotions between emotional episodes. Organizational display rules impact the initial round of regulation, and interpersonal relationships between aged care employees and clients impact later round of regulation. Four types of interpersonal relationships were identified in this Chinese sample: transactional, professional, filial and family relationships. Collectivism and filial piety appear to help Chinese aged care workers build filial and family relationships with clients and to adopt the child’s role of the elderly to use antecedent-focused strategies to regulate their newly-occurring emotions more easily.

Facebook users’ loneliness based on different types of interpersonal relationships

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate: first, the effects of a user’s grandiosity on the loneliness of another user on Facebook who detected it in terms of his/her well-being status; second, the mediational role of envy between grandiosity and loneliness; and, third, whether different effects are given on narcissism, envy, and loneliness depending on social or para-social relationships on Facebook. Design/methodology/approach This study’s focus is to investigate how observing others’ grandiose behaviors impact on individuals’ feeling of loneliness. The authors propose that this relationship is mediated by the feeling of envy. The authors further postulate that social relationships that participants may have with other Facebook users would play a key role in feeling different types of envy (i.e. malicious vs benign). Therefore, the current study employed a 2 (levels of grandiosity: high vs low) × 2 (social relationship: para-social vs social) between-subjects design. Findings The authors found that one’s grandiosity as reflected on Facebook significantly affects other users’ loneliness through malicious envy. However, no moderated mediation via envy (either benign or malicious) was found within the social relationship group. Originality/value Social comparison generated by the use of Facebook was found to have an effect on the user’s loneliness through the mediation of envy. In particular, the possibility that such effects could be triggered in para-social relationships was identified.

Spatial Patterns at Designing of the Safe Urban Interior Based on Historical City Squares in Poland and Hungary

Background The topic of the research is transformed and built-up of spatial patterns which have survived to this day thus determining contemporary public space located in small towns. The research is the result of conducted observation and spatial analysis within the framework of the scholarship program CEEPUS at Corvinus University of Budapest, which was compared with examples from Poland. Methods There were two main criteria of the selection of the research facilities: a distance from the state capital (max. 100 km) and the surface of the square (max. 30,000 m 2 ). The researched area are the historic market squares. There were used the following research methods: the axiology of the space (J. T. Krolikowski, Fu Tuan), the categories of genius loci (Ch. Norberg-Schulz), the urban elements (K. Wejchert, J. Bogdanowski) and the perception (J. Skalski). There was also used the ArcGIS program to analyse the way of the development and compositions. The authors observe and provide good spatial patterns (Ch. Alexander) and the practice of shaping of the friendly interiors, which allow different types of interpersonal relationships. Results The market squares are surrounded by dense frontages, which are dominated by low-rise buildings (2–3 floors). The ground floors are used for the service functions and the remaining floors are for residential function. A large part of the squares is covered with impermeable surface (up to 95%). During the revitalization it was observed a care of preserving the historical elements, which is related to tourism. Unfortunately, during the revitalization in Poland there were noted the reduction of biologically active area. This aspect is different with the Hungarian squares, where the vegetation is respected on a par with the historic tissue. Conclusions The right proportions of the central angle make the area become pleasant and specific interior. The key to success is to make revitalization according to a sustainable development and spatial order with which establishes the tradition and the history of the place. Reducing the share of green is most often explained as a desire to use space for additional functions, e.g. scene during festivals. However, it should be noticed that these functions have a periodical importance. This kind of desertification is a negative effect of the daily use and it is incompatible with the principles of sustainable development. Some of patterns are universal and reproducible regardless of geographical position of city, culture or quality of life of the community.

Understanding consumers’ relationships with contemporary artworks through identity narratives

Purpose This paper focuses on the relationships that consumers develop with experiential objects in the context of the Biennale of Contemporary Art Exhibition, viewed from a dialogical and intersubjective approach. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the interpersonal relationships that visitors of the Biennale establish with contemporary artworks and to understand the characteristics of these relationships as well as their role in shaping Biennale visitors’ identity narratives. Design/methodology/approach This research employs an instrumental case study that draws on multiple data sources and examines consumers’ relationships with contemporary artworks. Findings The case study evidence introduces the relationships that emerged from Biennale visitors’ interactions with contemporary artworks and the identity narratives evolving from these relationships. The findings suggest that Biennale visitors’ relationships with the contemporary artworks take the form of I-thou and I-it relationships. These two modes of interpersonal relationships by entailing different characteristics led investigated visitors to live different types of experiences of contemporary art consumption. Research limitations/implications The first limitation of this research is that it focuses on the establishment of interpersonal relationships at the microgenetic level. Further research can provide additional insights by conducting a longitudinal case study. The second limitation is that it provides limited insights into the relationships that are revealed by consumers’ experiences with possessive objects. Future research may examine interpersonal relationships in terms of consumers’ relationships with their brands. Practical implications The understanding of visitors’ interactions and relationships with contemporary artworks provides insights into curatorial and marketing practices for such art institutions. Originality/value The findings of the current research provide new theoretical insights into the interpersonal relationships that consumers develop with experiential objects and into the distinctive identity narratives that evolve from the establishment of different types of interpersonal relationships.