Typical Granulomas Research Articles

Le poumon de la sarcoïdose

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown cause with almost constant lung involvement and a natural history difficult to predict. Diagnosis is based on triple context with an evocative clinical and radiological presentation, the demonstration of non-caseating and typical granulomas by biopsy samples of superficial lesions, perendoscopic bronchial biopsies or endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration and the exclusion of other causes of granulomatosis. Corticotherapy is the first-line of treatment and is indicated in almost half of patients. Second – and third-line of treatments are respectively cytotoxic agents and TNF-α blockers. Severe pulmonary sarcoidosis including fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, bronchial stenosis and aspergillosis are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The challenge in pulmonary involvement management is especially not to miss an alternative diagnosis, to know when and how to treat patients and to better target those at risk of developing severe forms.

Bulimulus tenuissimus (mollusca) as a new potential host of Angiostrogylus cantonensis (nematoda), a histological and metabolic study.

The terrestrial gastropod Bulimulus tenuissimus is widespread in South America. It is an intermediate host of many parasites, but there are no records of infection of this snail by Angiostrongylus cantonensis, despite the occurrence of this parasite and angiostrongyliasis cases in the same areas in which B. tenuissimus occurs. For this reason, it is important investigate the susceptibility of B. tenuissimus to A. cantonensis-infection, since it can be used as intermediate host of A. cantonensis, increasing the list of terrestrial gastropods that infect wild and domestic animals and humans with this parasite. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of B. tenuissimus to experimental infection with L1 larvae of A. cantonensis. The snails were exposed to 1200 L1 larvae and it was possible observe many developing larvae in the cephalopedal mass and mantle tissues, with intense hemocyte infiltration and collagen deposition, but no typical granuloma structures were formed. The glucose content and lactate dehydrogenase activity in the hemolymph varied, indicating an increase of anaerobic energy metabolism in the middle of infection, but with a tendency to return to normal values at the end of pre-patent period. This was corroborated by the marked reduction in the glycogen content in the cephalopedal mass and digestive gland in the first and second week after exposure, followed by a slight increase in the third week. The content of pyruvic acid in the hemolymph was 14.84% lower at the end of pre-patent period, and oxalic acid content was 41.14% higher. These results indicate an aerobic to anaerobic transition process. The PAS reaction showed a large amount of glycogen inside the developing larvae and muscular tissues of the cephalopedal mass, indicating that despite the high consumption of this polysaccharide by the parasite, the snail is able to maintain its energy metabolism based on carbohydrates. The results reveal that B. tenuissimus is a robust host, which can live with the developing larvae of A. cantonensis and overcome the metabolic damages resulting from parasitism.

An Unusual Case of CV Junction Tuberculosis Revealed as Post-Traumatic Cervical Pain

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a worldwide health problem. Extrapulmonary manifestations of TB are common with skeletal system involvement being the most frequent. Spinal TB accounts for 50% of these cases. Case report: Colombian male patient, 66-years-old, without any medical antecedent of interest, who after traumatic brain injury developed cervical pain, and cervicalmovement limitation. Cervical MRI revealed an osteolytic process in the odontoid process, which was biopsied transorally. Histological analysis showed chronic granulomatous type of inflammation with caseous necrosis in addition to nonspecific lymphoplasm infiltrate, suggestive of tuberculous origin. Patient was conservative managed. Conclusions: It is vital to maintaina high degree of clinical suspicion for diagnosis of spinal TB when the location of spinal TB is cervical, and specifically suboccipital. This can be suspected when patient refers to pain, with the previously mentioned characteristics. Conservative management and closely follow up is recommended, but when not improved with conservative therapy, or when paralysis isevident, surgery is indicated.

Clinical, radiological and histopathological characteristics of surgically removed orbital hematic cysts: A case series

BackgroundHematic cyst is a rare orbital condition that has a wide range of clinical presentation and is characterized pathologically by lack of endothelial lining. PurposeTo correlate clinical and radiological features of hematic cysts, to tissue diagnosis, and investigate the possible etiology behind this condition, its relation to trauma and other interesting histopathological findings. MethodsRetrospective case series at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH) and King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) of all orbital lesions with tissue findings supporting the clinical and/or radiological diagnosis of hematic cyst. ResultsA series of 13cases was studied, 8 males and 5 females. Age ranged from 2 to 84 years with a median of 54. Most cases presented with proptosis (76.9%) and limitation of eye movements (69.2%). History of trauma was confirmed in only 2/13. The clinical diagnosis of hematic cyst was made prior to surgery in 38.4%. MagneticResonance Imaging (MRI) confirmedthe presence of blood in the orbit in 7/7. Surgical intervention was the mainstay of treatment.Histopathologically, these lesions demonstrated variable constituents including blood break-down products (hemosiderin), macrophages, mononuclear inflammatory cells, hemorrhage, absent endothelial lining, reactive fibrosis and capsule-like formation.Cholesterol clefts with typical granulomas and multinucleated giant cells were present in 2 cases. A clue to an underlying vascular lesion was found histopathologically in 30.8%. None of the patients developed recurrence or long-term complications with an average follow up period of 1 year. ConclusionHematic cyst is a challenging clinical diagnosis that can be aided by radiological examination and histopathological confirmation. Trauma does not seem to play a major role while presence of a pre-existing vascular lesion with spontaneous hemorrhage may be an etiologic factor. Associated cholesterol granuloma is an interesting controversial finding. Surgical intervention is curative with possible persisting motility disturbance and/or the eye deviation and worse prognosis in post-traumatic cases.

Liver Pathology Associated with Natural Infection of Schistosoma incognitum in Slaughtered Pigs

Pork is the worldÂ’s most consumed meat. Liver the rich source of protein and is an edible offal. The present study was conducted to study liver pathology and diagnosis of causative agents associated with the lesions in slaughtered house collected samples. During the study period, (100) liver samples showing gross pathological alterations were collected from slaughterhouses in Bareilly, UP. The samples were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin and processed for histopathological examination and MassonÂ’s trichrome straining for demonstration of fibrous connective tissue. Out of 100 liver samples, Schistosoma incognitum was detected in 5 liver tissue sections. Histopathological examination revealed presence of granuloma which consisted of epithelioid cells, macrophages, giant cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells with (and) small lymphoid nodules. On MassonÂ’s trichrome staining, fibrous tissue proliferation was demonstrated in periductal region around egg and adult male of Schistosoma incognitum. The Schistosoma species was identified by observing typical short stout sub terminal spine in eggs found in the liver granuloma. The liver pathology of slaughtered samples were diagnosed as S. incognitum schistosomiasis by observing typical granuloma in histopathological sections of liver and also from the typical characteristics of the eggs present in the granuloma.

Combination of Histopathology and FT-Raman Spectroscopy for the Study of Experimental Paracoccidioidomycosis in the Spleen.

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) can disseminate through the lymphatic and hematogenic pathways. As a result the spleen and other lymphoid organs are targets of paracoccidioidomycosis. There are few studies describing this disease in the spleen and more detailed descriptions are required. This study combines Histopathology and Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy (FT-Raman) methods to study spleen infected by Pb. The Swiss mice were euthanized after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of infection with Pb, and their spleens were removed for ex vivo analyzes. Histopathological evaluation revealed that the red pulp was the area most affected, presenting the highest concentration of yeasts, inflammatory cells and cells in apoptosis, with no observation of typical granuloma formation. The main physical-chemical changes were detected in the spectral ranges between 1730-1590 cm-1 and 1390-1280 cm-1 attributed to amide I and vibrational deformation mode of CH3 and CH2 molecules, respectively. The amide I was correlated to total protein content and CH3 and CH2 molecules to collagen of the spleen. The association between histological and physical-chemical methods enabled detection of several alterations in the spleen, including apoptosis, contributing to a better understanding of paracoccidioidomycosis, a tropical neglected disease.

A retrospective review of 46 cases of chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Methods Clinical features and outcomes of 46 proven cases of chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis admitted in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2009 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Of the 46 patients enrolled, left sphenoid sinus, ethmoid sinus and maxillary sinus were affected in 24, 23 and 20 cases, respectively, while right maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus and sphenoid sinus were affected in 18, 16 and 15 cases, respectively. Left and right frontal sinus were affected in 9 and 6 cases, respectively. The central nervous system and orbit were the most commonly affected sites in external nasal involvements, noted in 22 cases respectively. Left sphenoid (17 cases) and ethmoid sinus (15 cases) involvements were most common in central nervous system affected patients. Left sphenoid (14 cases) and ethmoid sinus (13 cases) involvements were most common in orbit affected patients. Aspergillus species were the primary pathogens observed in 42 cases. Zygomycete, candida and dark filamentous fungus were observed in two, one and one case, respectively. Pathologically, 37 of the cases were chronic nongranulomatous type and the left 9 were chronic granulomatous type who were all immunocompetent hosts. The initial symptoms usually included headache, dizziness and nasal discomforts including nasal obstruction and purulent secretion. The chief complaints usually included headache, dizziness, and visual disturbances including blurred vision, vision loss or even blindness. Antifungal treatment combined with surgical interventions for removal or drainage focus lesions achieved significant effect, and 42 patients were cured. Conclusions Chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis should be taken into consideration in the presence of nasal discomforts or nonspecific symptoms such as headache and dizziness. The possibility of chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis should be cautious after the emergence of vision abnormalities. Key words: Chronic; Fungal rhinosinusitis; Clinical characteristics; Treatment

Pathomorphological peculiarities of tuberculous meningoencephalitis associated with HIV infection.

Background and aimsOne of the most severe manifestation displays of tuberculosis (TB) generalization is meningitis/meningoencephalitis. The purpose of this work was to improve the diagnostic efficiency of TB central nervous system (CNS) affection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons.Materials and methodsMeninges and cerebral tissues, taken from died patients, who were HIV-infected and dead from TB of CNS affection, were investigated histologically.Results and discussionOur examination showed that clinical course of the pathologic process loses the peculiarity of TB-undulating character, and changes in tissues have monomorphism that appears in the presence of the same type of granulomas with a few Pirogov–Langhans cells. Alterative reactions with formation of the large fields of caseous necrosis, necrotic focuses, areas of infiltration with polymorphic cellular elements went out on the first plan in the disorder of cerebrum in patients with the terminal stage of HIV infection. The tendency to decrease in inflammatory–proliferative processes was observed, which is confirmed by the presence of the poorly expressed cellular reaction on the peripheries of focuses of caseous necrosis.ConclusionMorphologic features of tuberculous meningoencephalitis in HIV-infected patients are the presence of edema, gliosis, trombovasculitis, small focal hemorrhage, tuberculous granuloma formation with a small number of Pirogov–Langhans cells, and the prevalence of alterative–exudative reactions.

Nocardia seriolae infection in cultured jade perch, Scortum barcoo

Nocardiosis is a chronic infectious disease that afflicts multiple fish species and poses a growing threat to the aquaculture. In this study, Nocardia sp. infection was identified in jade perch, Scortum barcoo, from a pond culture in Guangzhou, China. The infected fish were characterized by dark body color, occasional skin ulcerations, and nodular lesions in the kidney, liver, heart, and other organs with typical granuloma structure under light microscopy. Ziehl–Neelsen staining revealed a large quantity of bacterial aggregates within lesions. Histological examination of the kidney, liver, and spleen demonstrated typical granuloma accompanied by histopathological changes. A bacterial strain with consistent morphology was isolated from multiple tissues. Symptoms of nocardiosis were also observed in healthy fish after artificial infection with the isolated strain. Physiological and biochemical experiments suggested that the isolated strain shared the basic characteristics of Nocardia, and the causative pathogen was subsequently confirmed as Nocardia seriolae by sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA and the gyrB gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nocardiosis in jade perch; it may pose a serious risk to the aquaculture of jade perch due to prolonged incubation prior to symptom emergence and the low efficacy of current treatments in china.

Isolation and identification of multiple drug resistant nontuberculous mycobacteria from organs of cattle produced typical granuloma lesions

Nontuberculosis mycobacteria are widespread in the environment and some are zoonotic. 320 tissue samples with visible lesions were obtained from dairy cows and examined by histopathology. Eleven samples showed typical granulomatous lesions and a total of 8 strains were cultured. Three genes (16S rRNA, hsp65 and rpoB) were sequenced for species identification. All mycobacterial isolates were tested for rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin, capreomycin, kanamycin, para-aminosalicylic acid susceptibility. Six strains were identified as M.fortuitum, 1 was M.avium, 1 was M.conceptionense, isolated from cattle for the first time. Seven of the 8 isolated strains showed multiple drug resistance.

Factors affecting the incidence of early endoscopic recurrence after ileocolonic resection for Crohn's disease: a multicentre observational study.

Early endoscopic recurrence is frequently observed in patients following resection for Crohn's disease (CD). However, factors affecting the incidence of an early postoperative endoscopic recurrence (EPER) have not been fully determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors for EPER after ileocolonic resection for CD. This was a retrospective, international multicentre study, in which 127 patients with a first ileocolonoscopy conducted between 6 and 12months after ileocolonic resection for CD were included. Endoscopic recurrence was defined as a Rutgeerts score of ≥i2. The following variables were investigated as potential risk factors for EPER: gender, age at surgery, location and behaviour of CD, smoking, concomitant perianal lesions, preoperative use of steroids, immunomodulators and biologics, previous resection, blood transfusion, surgical procedure (open vs laparoscopic approach), length of resected bowel, type of anastomosis (side-to-side vs end-to-end), postoperative complications, granuloma and postoperative biological therapy. Variables related to the patient, disease and surgical procedure were investigated as potential risk factors for EPER, withunivariate and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses. 43/127 (34%) patients had EPER at the time of the first postoperative ileocolonoscopy. In univariate analysis, only preoperative steroid use was significantly associated with a higher rate of EPER [21/45 patients (47%) on steroids and 22/82 patients (27%) without steroids (P=0.04)]. In multivariate analysis, only preoperative steroid use was a significant independent risk factor for EPER (odds ratio 3.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.30-8.28; P=0.01). This study found that only preoperative steroid use was a significant risk factor for EPER after ileocolonic resection for CD. Prospective studies are necessary to evaluate precisely the impact of perioperative medications on EPER rates.

An alert of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of rhesus macaques in a wild zoo in China.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), is becoming increasingly recognized as an important cause of fatal chronic illnesses in China. In this study, we report an infectious disease among 84 rhesus macaques at a Chinese zoo. Their clinical signs and symptoms were very similar with the manifestations of TB in humans. To determine the potential pathogens of this outbreak, many methods were used. First, tuberculin skin tests showed that none of the monkeys displayed significant skin reactions. Subsequently, the sera were tested for specific antibody IgG; 29 (34.5%) and 39 (46.4%) blood samples tested positive by TB-IgG and TB-DOT, respectively. Radiographic examination showed characteristic imageology changes in 14 (16.7%) monkeys. One individual determined as positive by the above three methods was euthanized, and histopathological analysis demonstrated typical granulomas and caseous necrosis in the lung, liver, spleen, and intestine. Furthermore, the pathogenic mycobacteria were isolated from lung lobe, cultured on acidic Lowenstein-Jensen culture medium, and identified as M. tuberculosis by real-time PCR and DNA sequencing. Nevertheless, the origin of the infection remained unknown. These findings emphasize the need to strengthen the management and training of staff, especially those working at animal shelters.

The Effect of Stem Cells as an Adjuvant on the Immunogenicity of a Potential Anti-Schistosomal Vaccine in Mice

Vaccination against schistosomes can be targeted towards the prevention of infection and/or to the reduction of parasite fecundity and pathology. However, as eggs are responsible mainly for schistosomiasis pathology, so crude soluble egg antigen (SEA) seems suitable to be used as a potential vaccine. Many studies have provided new insights establishing a role for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in liver regeneration and improvement of schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis, in addition to the need for standardized and effective adjuvant-vaccine formulations. So, the aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of stem cells when used as an adjuvant of a potential anti-schistosomal vaccine (crude SEA) in murine models. The current work was carried out on 100 mice (30 males for harvesting MSCs + 70 females for seven study groups, each of 10). A schedule of vaccination and challenge infection was followed so, GI (control healthy), G2 (control infected only) infected subcutaneously with S. mansoni cercaria (80-90 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae suspended in 0.2 ml distilled Water), G 3 (FCA then infected) received Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) then infected, G4 (MSCs then infected) received MSCs then infected, G5 (SEA then infected) received SEA vaccine then infected, G6 (SEA+FCA then infected) received SEA vaccine and FCA then infected, G7 (SEA+MSCs then infected) received SEA vaccine and MSCs then infected. The current work was assessed by histopathological study and morphometric analysis (using H&E and Masson's Trichrome stains) to highlight number, size and type of liver granulomas and percentage of liver fibrosis, immunological and molecular studies (RNA extraction, Re- verse Transcriptase and PCR technique) for detection of interleukin-10 mRNA gene expression in liver tissue by reverse transcriptase & polymerase chain reaction (RT & PCR). The results showed that a- SEA alone as a potential anti-schistosomal vaccine was more or less moderately protective, b- MSCs alone before the infection had mild prophylactic effects, c- MSCs as an adjuvant of the crude SEA increased its capabilities with highly significant results regarding the decrease in granuloma number, size, percentage and density of hepatic fi- brosis, and d-There was significant increase in IL-10 mRNA gene expression on using (SEA+MSCs) (G7) if compared to other tested groups.

Early-Onset Childhood Sarcoidosis, Manifesting as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case Report

Background: Childhood Sarcoidosis is a rare multisystemic granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. Two distinct forms of Sarcoidosis exist in children. Older children usually present with a multisystem disease similar to the adult manifestations, with frequent hilar lymphadenopathy and pulmonary infiltrations. Early-onset childhood Sarcoidosis is a unique form of the disease characterized by the triad of rash, uveitis, and arthritis in children before four years of age. Because of similarities in clinical presentation childhood sarcodosis can be easily confused with idiopathic arthritis. The diagnosis of Sarcoidosis is confirmed by demonstrating a typical noncaseating granuloma on a biopsy specimen. Case description: We describe an interesting case of early onset childhood sarcodosis who was initially diagnosed and treated as having juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). A 6years old Libyan boy referred to Tripoli Children Hospital rheumatology clinic at the age of 2 years, with 5 months history of multiple joints pain and swelling affecting small as well as big joints. Associated with skin rash and intermittent fever Conclusion: We draw attention to early-onset Sarcoidosis as possible differential diagnosis to juvenile idiopathic arthritis and we recommend prompt skin biopsy to differentiate between these conditions.

About unimproved opportunities of differentiation of sarcoidosis and tuberculosis

This study was aimed at analysis of own experience of differentiation between pulmonary tuberculosis and sarcoidosis.Methods.We evaluated VATS biopsy samples from 250 patients with disseminated lesion of the lungs and/or intrathoracic lymph nodes of unknown origin. Previous examination excluded any known granulomatosis excepting pulmonary tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. The biopsy samples were collected in different regions of Russia in 2010–2014.Results.Typical epithelioid cell granulomas with giant multinucleated cells were seen in lymph nodes and the lung tissue in all cases. Necrosis and/or presence of acid"fast mycobacteria were necessary and sufficient sign of tuberculosis. Granulomas without necrosis and mycobacteria in slice series, but not in one or two incident slices, were considered as highly specific for sarcoidosis.Conclusion.We suppose that differentiation between tuberculosis and sarcoidosis should be based on complex clinical and morphological analysis with the determinant role of morphological examination

Coronavirus Infection in Ferrets: Antigen Distribution and Inflammatory Response.

Multisystemic granulomatous lesions are the most common finding in ferrets infected by ferret systemic coronavirus (FRSCV). To characterize the inflammatory response developed against this virus, lesions from 4 naturally infected ferrets were examined. Lesions were classified into the 4 known types of granulomas (granulomas without necrosis [G], granulomas with necrosis [G-N], granulomas with neutrophils [G-NL], and diffuse granulomatous inflammation [DG]). The cellular composition of the lesions was characterized on the basis of cellular morphology and immunohistochemistry using markers for T and B-lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. The extent and distribution of viral antigen expression was also assessed. In G lesions, macrophages were mainly located in the center of the granuloma, with a moderate number of T-lymphocytes scattered among the macrophages, plasma cells, and B-lymphocytes. G-N lesions exhibited a necrotic center surrounded by abundant macrophages, some T-lymphocytes, plasma cells, and a few B-lymphocytes. In G-NL lesions, there was a central area dominated by neutrophils with low numbers of macrophages, plasma cells, and lymphocytes. DG presented similar cell proportions, but distributed evenly throughout the lesions. FRSCV was expressed in G, G-NL, G-N, and DG, with decreasing numbers of immunoreactive cells. This study reveals the important role of macrophages in the inflammatory response of ferrets against the virus and the variable proportions of leukocytes among different types of lesions, indicating their variable age. The results also confirm the similarities of the disease in ferrets to feline infectious peritonitis.

Granulomatous Lesions: A Diagnostic Challenge To Dermatopathologists

Objective: Present study aims at diagnosing Granulomatous dermatosis with its clinicohistopathological correlation and to present the profile of granulomatous reaction pattern with an attempt to find out etiology. Materials and Methods: In the present prospective descriptive type of observational study conducted in the Department of pathology S.M.S Medical college, over a period of 2 years, 118 clinically diagnosed granulomatous lesion were selected. Out of total 1500 skin biopsies, 105 were proved histopathologically as granulomatous lesions, which were further classified in various histological granulomatous patterns. Nuances in histopathological features with special stains were used to find out etiology. Results: Out of 105 histopathologically proven granulomatous lesions, 68 (64.76%) were males and 37 (35.23%) were females. Male preponderance was observed in tuberculoid and suppurative granulomas while necrobiotic granulomas showed female preponderance. Maximum numbers of cases were found in 3rd decade, followed by 2nd decade. We classified these granulomatous lesions in various granulomatous patterns, Tuberculoid type of granulomas outnumbered 84 cases (80%). Majority of cases were due to infectious etiology 94 cases (89.53%). Leprosy was commonest followed by Tuberculosis. Rest of the cases included various fungal, necrobiotic and other lesions. Conclusion: Histopathology is still a gold standard tool in classification of granulomatous lesions and with support of special stains we can arrive at exact etiology to meet out appropriate treatment. Overall clinicopathological concordance was 88.9% in present study.

Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis infects striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) but does not kill the hosts

Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno) is the etiological agent of francisellosis in tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). It is unclear whether other aquaculture freshwater fish species, which share the same ecosystem with tilapia, are susceptible to Fno infection and francisellosis disease manifestation. Here, we investigated the susceptibility of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Fno comparing to red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), a francisellosis-susceptible fish. Healthy fish individually received 1.5×106 CFUs of Fno through intraperitoneal injection and were monitored for 21days. By the end of the experiment, no mortality or histopathological features of francisellosis disease were observed in both Fno-treated striped catfish and common carp groups. However, 5/10 (50%) of the surviving striped catfish and 10/10 (100%) common carp were positive by Francisella-specific PCR analysis. In contrast, Fno-infected red tilapia exhibited high cumulative mortality (90%) and the presence of typical granulomas in the spleen and kidney, the histopathological sign of francisellosis. All moribund tilapia were also PCR positive for Francisella. Fno could be re-isolated from 30% of the infected tilapia but was not successfully recovered from two treated host groups at the end of the test (day 21). In situ hybridization revealed weak Fno-positive signals in the spleen of infected striped catfish and common carp, but displayed strong reactivity in the infected tilapia. The findings suggested that striped catfish and common carp are not susceptible to francisellosis. Statement of relevanceThe authors strongly believe that this study provides significant understanding on the susceptibility of three aquaculture fish species to Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis especially to that of the red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

A Hospital Based Study on Female Genital Tuberculosis in Central India

Introduction: In developing countries like India tuberculosis (TB) is common and still a major cause of infertility. Female genital tuberculosis is one form of extra pulmonary TB. Genital TB may be asymptomatic and diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. Early diagnosis may improve the outcome before permanent tissue damage get established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevelance and clinico-pathological aspects and diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis (FGTB). Method: A total of 21 cases of female genital tuberculosis were diagnosed from 1672 patients over a period of 2 years, studied from January 2013 to December 2015. The diagnostic procedure used were endometrial curettage and biopsy, histopathological examination, culture, stain for Acid fast bacilli in correlation with clinical presentation ,organ involvement, hysterosalpingography(HSG), Ultrasonography (USG)and laparoscopy. Most of the specimens received were endometrial curettage and biopsies. Result: Female genital TB accounted for 1.25% of all tuberculosis patients in this study. The highest incidence was between 21-30 years of ages, but the patient ranged from 18-60 years. FGTB involves the endometrium (16 ), fallopian tube (4),cervix (1). Out of all cases, 7 demonstrate typical epitheloid granuloma and rest with atypical tuberculous lesion, acid-fast bacilli in tissue section were detected in 3 cases of endometrium, 1 case of fallopian tube and culture positive in 3 cases of endometrium, 1 case of fallopian tube. Conclusion: Female genital tuberculosis is not uncommon in developing countries like India and indicates a strong relation between genital TB and infertility. The diagnosis of FGTB is challenging. Therefore, if possible genital TB is to be frequently diagnosed and considered in differential diagnosis of causes of infertility, in correlation with clinical and other diagnostic modalities.

EFFECT OF NOVEL OINTMENT COMPOSITION AG/TAGA: CHITOSAN-GEL ON HEALING OF EXPERIMENTAL WOUNDS WITH DIFFERENT ORIGINS

The purpose of the study – evaluation of the regenerating activity of two-component paste, consisting of silver containing finely particulate sorbent: chitosan gel. Material and methodologies. For the study we used novel excipient, consisting of two components: silver containing finely particulate sorbent: chitosan gel in ratio one-to-one. Novel sorbent agent, taken for study, consists of thermally activated silica containing aluminum hydroxide in the form of its modification silver. Experiment was conducted on 48 Wistar models in case of scalp (degloving) wound (abscission of skin area 30–40 mm2 in size on depilated side surface) and chemical burn (applying 1–2 drops of 70% sulfuric acid on the depilated surface side. Regenerating activity was evaluated based on morphometry area of the wound surface, fixing the rate of scarring. Evaluation was made histologically on 4th - micrometers paraffin sections, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and semithin sections, stained with toluidine blue. The results of study. Composition (paste) developed from silver containing finely particulate sorbent: chitosan gel sped up (for 3 days) the process of reparative regeneration of tissue on the model of chemical burns, helped to structuring formations in skin by the type of granuloma, at the same time there were no signs of perifocal inflammation. In case of scalp wound ointment composition wasn’t conducive to raising the rate of regeneration. Conclusion . Developed excipient (paste) is effective at the first phase of wound healing process, which was showed on scalped and burn wounds, as hydrophilic base had a large sorption capacity. Traumatic effect of dry sorbent powder (powder) on the surface of the wound was offset by connecting the sorption component and a hydrophilic ointment base.