Type Of Glue Research Articles

A Heterologous Fibrin Glue Enhances the Closure Effect of Surgical Suture on the Repair of Annulus Fibrous Defect in a Sheep Model.

Improving the closure effect of surgical suture for repair of annulus fibrosus defects remains an unsolved problem. A new type of porcine fibrin glue was reported for the repair of annulus fibrous defects in sheep models in this study. Continuous axial loading test showed that this glue could effectively improve the closure effect of surgical suture for annulus fibrous defect. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine confirmed that, compared with non-fibrin glue treated intervertebral discs, it contributed to preservation of the nucleus pulposus and maintained the physiological hydration of the intervertebral discs. Moreover, histomorphology evaluation showed that the porcine fibrin glue could partially reverse degeneration of the injured intervertebral discs. Taken together, porcine fibrin glue can effectively enhance the closure effect of surgical suture on annulus fibrosus, improve the repair effect and slow down the degeneration of the intervertebral disc, and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for degenerative intervertebral disc disease.

Experimental researches of book blocks spine processing by cylindrical milling cutter during perfect binding

ABSTRACT The application of a cylindrical milling cutter for the spine processing during the book blocks perfect binding has been grounded. To perform the research, an experimental test bench was designed and mounted on a Trendbinder machine. The influence of the recess depth, the angle of the milling cutter installation and the blocks speed on the strength and durability of adhesive bonding have been investigated. The gluing of book spine has been performed by means two types of glues – hot melt and PVAD adhesives. As a criterion for high-quality perfect binding there were accepted the strength and durability, measured on a Sig-loch PF-1 laboratory device by the well-known ‘pull’ and ‘flex’ methods. According to the results of experimental research, technological parameters of spine processing by a cylindrical milling cutter, able to provide the maximum strength and durability of book blocks perfect binding have been determined. It was established that the obtained values of strength and durability correspond to a very good binding strength according to the generally accepted standards. A comparative analysis of the results has shown a 17–28% increase in strength compared to the suitable indicators for book blocks manufactured on the Trendbinder machine using existing technology.

Groundnut Shell (Powder) As an Alternative Sculpture Material for Modelling, Casting and Carving: The Case of Salaga Senior High School, Ghana

This study explored groundnut shell (powder) which is normally burnt or dumped in the environment as an alternative sculpture material for modeling, casting and carving. The researchers adopted quantitative and qualitative research approaches. Quasi experimental, action, descriptive and project based methods were also employed. Quota sampling was used to select 44 students out of 145 in the Department of Visual Arts, Salaga Senior High School. Interview and observation were used to collect data which were analyzed using tabulations, percentages, and descriptions. The findings revealed that groundnut shell (powder) is not toxic. It can be bond with cassava starch, styrofoam, white glue, contact adhesive glue type 99 and synthetic resin to produce works that are strong and easy to transport. The study is a pioneering project and has made a significant contribution to knowledge because no one has ever used groundnut shell (powder) to model, cast or carve a sculpture work in Ghana or elsewhere around the world. The recommendations include; sculpture tutors, students and industries in Ghana should make use of groundnut shell (powder) as an alternative material for modelling casting and carving which will reduce cost, deforestation, and environmental pollution. Curriculum Research and Development Division of Ghana Education Service should include groundnut shell in the teaching syllabus as one of the major sculpture materials since it is inexpensive and also suitable material.

Thermal Properties of Insulation Boards Made of Tree Bark & Hemp Residues

Two disparate waste materials were mixed to identify the likelihood of constructing insulation boards. Treebark and Hemp (cannabis) residues were combined in different proportions and with two dissimilar typesof glue. The thermal conductivity (λ) for all boards was measured. Diverse methods of processing the finalboards demonstrated altered thermal properties based also on the different density (low and medium).The results have validated the possibility of exploiting local waste materials to produce an eco-friendly,low priced insulation product with competitive (λ) compared to the market products. All materials werecollected within a small range to the laboratory (< 100 km). The energy requirements and the carbonfootprint of these boards were kept low compared to traditional chemical insulation materials.

Abstract No. 475 In vitro evaluation of tissue adhesives in lymphatic fluids: Influences of glue type and procedural parameters

To evaluate polymerization of different acrylate glue/iodized oil mixtures for lymphatic interventions in-vitro. Polymerization of Histoacryl (HA) [Bayer Healthcare] and Glubran 2 (GL) [GEM] mixed with iodized oil (ratios 1:0 - 1:7) were investigated for two lymphatic fluid samples (low triglycerides (TG) <50mg/dl and high TG >600mg/dl). For analysis of static polymerization time, the glue mixtures were dropped on the sample and morphological changes were monitored by video. To simulate thoracic duct embolization dynamic experiments were performed in a silicon tube with different lymph flow rates (1500ml/24h and 6000ml/24h). A microcatheter was used for glue injection into the flowing lymph after a glucose flush with different volumes (only catheter filled and 5ml glucose). Time to total occlusion of the tube was measured. For both glues static polymerization times were longer when iodized oil content was increased and when performed in TG-rich lymphatic fluid. GL generally showed shorter polymerization times than HA (for low TG: glue/oil ratio 1:3: 241s (HA) vs. 123s (GL), ratio 1:7: 4096s (HA) vs. 2363s (GL); for high TG: ratio 1:3: 374s (HA) vs. 143s (GL), ratio 1:7: 9770s (HA) vs. 5580s (GL)). Prolongation of polymerziation due to higher TG levels was more pronounced for HA. In dynamic experiments prolongation of polymerization due to oil content and TG levels was less pronounced for both glue types. For low TG total occlusion of the silicon tube was observed in all cases for HA between 32s (1:1) and 56s (1:7) and for GL between 17s (1:1) and 50s (1:7) with again slightly faster polymerization of GL. For high TG levels polymerization took considerably longer (between 43s and 410s for HA; and between 29s and 319s for GL) or failed completely. There were no systematic differences for varying lymphatic flow rates and different glucose flush volumes. Polymerization time of glue/iodized oil mixtures in lymph is prolonged both by increasing iodized oil and triglyceride concentrations. Polymerization time for Glubran seems to be slightly shorter than for Histoacryl. Lymphatic flow rate and glucose flush volume do not significantly influence polymerization times.

Twórczość białoruskiego artysty ulicznego Andrieja Busła

The study focuses on unexamined representations and miscellaneous instances of the diverse creativity of the Belarusian street artist, Andrei Busel (also known as Hutkasmachna). The study was based on interpretative works analysing Busel’s artistic forms of expression: Eternal in Passing. Artwork of European Masters in the Public Space of Minsk, From Streets to Art Gallery. On Reception of Street Art, and Appropriation of Urban Space: Objects, Installations, Interventions. On the basis of selected examples, an analysis of interpretations of relatively obscure works by European masters was performed, as they were placed by Busel in dilapidated and rundown parts of Minsk. These were works by such artists as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Sandro Botticelli, Jan van Eyck, Albrecht Durer, Hans Memling, Jan Vermeer van Delft. When processing the fragments from their works, he applied a mixture of techniques and tools (cut-out, airbrush, prints, posters, paper sculptures, various types of paints, brushes, scissors, glue, and massive sheets of paper). Busel is the first Belarusian artist to move some of his works from the urban space into a gallery (project: Aeternus et momentum, 2011, ‘Ў’ Gallery in Minsk), where they were in the form of large-format photographs mounted on stretcher bars. The exposition illustrated his artistic creative process: firstly, he reconstructed the European masterpieces in a real space before photographing them, and eventually, using the photographs to redisplay them on canvas. The article also presents other forms of Busel’s illegal appropriation of urban space, such as street-art objects, installations and interventions, e.g., Bridge (2012), or International Baroque. Another issue discussed in the final section of the article is a brand new street-art trend developing in Belarus – the so-called fundamental suprematism (abbreviated to ‘fuprematism’), i.e., the visual interaction of municipal services with the output of Minsk-based street artists.

Lattice Numerical Simulations of Lab-Scale Hydraulic Fracture and Natural Interface Interaction

Hydraulic fracturing is the prime technology for enhancing production from unconventional reservoirs. Design and operation of hydraulic fracturing requires adequate knowledge of formation properties, in situ stresses and fluid properties, due to its complex nature. One of the challenges, that have been the subject of many past studies, is the interaction mechanism when hydraulic fracture intersects a natural interface (e.g., natural fracture or interbed). Crossing, arresting and opening are the known interaction mechanisms. The formation properties, state of in situ stresses, stress contrast, strength properties of the interface, angle of intersection and injecting fluid characteristics affect the interaction mechanism to different extents. The use of numerical models is widespread in simulation of hydraulic fracturing. The use of methods based on the continuum (e.g., FEM) and discontinum (e.g., DEM) representation of media is subjected to some limitations in predicting the correct geometry of the propagating fracture. Lattice method, which is based on the bonded particle approach, has shown promise in simulating hydraulic fracturing. In this paper, lattice modeling is used to simulate the interaction mechanism of lab experiments carried out on mortar samples but at larger scales. The cubical mortar samples of 10 cm size had two synthetically built natural fractures with different angles of approach and filled with different types of glue. The effect of intersection angle and the mechanical properties of the interface were simulated numerically under conditions of viscosity-dominated fracture propagation regime as occurred in the lab. The results demonstrate the advantages of lattice simulation to study the impact of each parameter on the fracture interaction. A larger angle of approach and stronger glues are shown to promote the crossing mode. The shear strength and stress anisotropy are the main parameters influencing the interaction mechanism.

Cytotoxicity of Three Light-Cured Orthodontic Adhesives

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of three commercial light-cured orthodontic adhesives.Materials and methods: The potential cytotoxic effects of three types of orthodontic adhesives, Grengloo, Green Glue, and Transbond XT, were tested on L929 cell culture. The cell line was grown in 96-well tissue culture plates (1x105cells/mm3). Thin resin discs weighing 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.8, and 0.8 gram of each material were prepared and aged for 1, 3, 6, 8, and 10 days, respectively, in Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) at 37°C with 5% CO2at 100% humidity. Cell viability was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay according to ISO 10993-5: 2009 (E). The differences among the groups was statically analyzed by independent paired t-test (α = 0.05).Results: After 1 day of storage, all adhesive systems showed cytotoxic effects. However, ageing tended to considerably reduce the cytotoxicity of Green Glue. Grengloo was essentially non-cytotoxic day 3 onwards, while Green Glue and Transbond XT exhibited potential cytotoxicity at all times of the experiment. Conclusion: All tested light-cured orthodontic adhesives had cytotoxic potential during the first day. Grengloo had the highest cell viability, whereas, Green Glue had the lowest.

Big Sound and Extreme Fungi-Xerophilic, Halotolerant Aspergilli and Penicillia with Low Optimal Temperature as Invaders of Historic Pipe Organs.

Recent investigations have shown that xerophilic fungi may pose a biodeterioration risk by threatening objects of cultural heritage including many types of materials, including wood, paint layers, organic glues or leather and even metal. Historic—and also new built—pipe organs combine all those materials. In this study, halotolerant aspergilli and penicillia with low optimal temperatures were shown to be the most frequent invaders of pipe organs. The fungi form white mycelia on the organic components of the organs with a clear preference for the bolus paint of the wooden pipes, the leather-made hinges of the stop actions and all parts fixed by organic glue. Physiological tests showed that the strains isolated from the instruments all show a halotolerant behavior, although none was halophilic. The optimum growth temperature is below 20 °C, thus the fungi are perfectly adapted to the cool and relatively dry conditions in the churches and organs respectively. The de-novo genome sequences analyses of the strains are currently ongoing and will reveal the genomic basis for the halotolerant behavior of the fungi.

Biochemical and proteomic characterization of the extracellular enzymatic preparate of Exiguobacterium undae, suitable for efficient animal glue removal.

In this work, we describe the preparation and characterization of a biopreparate for efficient and rapid animal glue removal. The biopreparate is based on the extracellular proteolytic enzymes of an Exiguobacterium undae environmental isolate. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the biopreparate is predominantly composed of hydrolytic enzymes-proteases and peptidases, nucleases, peptide ABC transporter substrate-binding proteins, and a phosphatase. The two main proteins present are bacillolysin and a peptide ABC transporter substrate-binding protein. Inhibition and proteomic analyses of the biopreparate revealed that bacillolysin, a neutral metalloendopeptidase, is mainly responsible for its proteolytic activity. This biopreparate was able to satisfactorily remove two types of animal glue from different kinds of material surfaces. These results suggest that this biopreparate could serve as a potential new tool for the restoration of historical objects rather than living microorganisms.

Study on the Optimal Groove Shape and Glue Material for Fiber Bragg Grating Measuring Bolts.

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) measuring bolts, as a useful tool to evaluate the behaviors of steel bolts in underground engineering, can be manufactured by gluing the FBG sensors inside the grooves, which are usually symmetrical cuts along the steel bolt rod. The selection of the cut shape and the glue types could perceivably affect the final supporting strength of the bolts. Unfortunately, the impact of cut shape and glue type on bolting strength is not yet clear. In this study, based on direct tension tests, full tensile load–displacement curves of rock bolts with different groove shapes were obtained and analyzed. The effects of groove shape on the bolt strength were discussed, and the stress redistribution in the cross-section of a rock bolt with different grooves was simulated using ANSYS. The results indicated that the trapezoidal groove is best for manufacturing the FBG bolt due to its low reduction of supporting strength. Four types of glues commonly used for the FBG sensors were assessed by conducting tensile tests on the mechanical testing and simulation system and the static and dynamic optical interrogators system. Using linear regression analysis, the relationship between the reflected wavelength of FBG sensors and tensile load was obtained. Practical recommendations for glue selection in engineering practice are also provided.

Властивості личкованих деревинно-полімерних матеріалів плоского способу пресування

Досліджено процес личкування деревинно-полімерних матеріалів (ДПМ) плоского способу пресування. Личкування ДПМ здійснено одночасно з їх пресуванням. Для личкування використано декоративний ламінат високого тиску (HPL) товщиною 0,5 мм. Як клей для приклеювання HPL використано поліетиленову (ПЕ) плівку або вторинний поліетилен низької щільності (ВПЕ). Для порівняння виготовлено личковані ДПМ без використання клею для приклеювання HPL. Встановлено, що тип клею не має істотного впливу на механічні показники ДПМ. Межа міцності під час статичного згинання у разі використання ВПЕ зростає на 14%, а у разі використання ПЕ плівки – на 24%, порівняно із личкованими ДПМ без використання клею для приклеювання HPL. Аналогічні залежності спостережено і для модуля пружності під час статичного згинання. Тип клею для приклеювання HPL також не має визначального впливу на межу міцності під час розтягування перпендикулярно до площини плити. Набрякання за товщиною значно зменшується із використанням клею, особливо це проявляється під час занурення взірців у воду на 24 год. У разі використання ПЕ плівки та ВПЕ отримано практично однакові результати набрякання за товщиною, як за 2, так і за 24 год занурення.&#x0D;

Investigate the Most Suitable Glue Type for Finger-Joints Production in Sri Lanka

Finger joint is sustainable, eco-friendly and economically valuable concept for furniture industry. It ensures the sustainable utilization of small wood cut pieces which removed as waste. Finger joints are described as interlocking end joint formed by machining a number of similar tapered symmetrical fingers in the ends of timber members using a finger joint cutter and then bonded together. Finger- jointed timber production plays a vital role in furniture industry in the world. However, issues related with the strength of the joints, fixing time, timber species and glue types etc, are still not fully investigated in Sri Lanka. This research evaluated the effects of commonly available glue types on the tensile strength of finger joint. The wood species studied were Jack, Kumbuk, Mahogany, Pine, and Teak. Mostly used Polyvinyl acetate three glue types were used for this study. The response variables measured for the tension tests. Data were gathered using Universal Testing Machine. One way ANOVA was used per each timber species to analyze the data. It was found that the highest tensile strength was recorded in SWR glue type.

Analysis of the Adhesiveness and Glue Type Selection in Manufacturing of Bamboo Laminate Composite for Fishing Boat Building Material

The purpose of this study is to select the appropriate high quality-strong-durable type of glue for bamboo laminated composite to substitute Teak wood as an alternative material for fishing boat construction. Tape Test and Pull Off Test according to ASTM D3359 and ASTM D4541 are applied on substrates of Betung laminated bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper species) in order to determine the strength level of adhesiveness. Four types of glue are applied to bamboo laminated substrate. Having analyzed the experiment results, it indicates that Epoxy Polyamide has the highest adhesion value comparing to others. The Tape Test grades for Epoxy Polyamide are 5A (no glue peeling) and 5B (0% glue chipped extension) as well as the score of Pull Off Test is 7.92 MPa. In terms of construction cost for building fishing boat 20GT (laminated bamboo) using epoxy polyamide is a half compared to Teak wood material.

The impact of density and mixture ratio of melamine on some properties of oriented strand board

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of density and melamine rate on thickness swelling, moisture resistance, modulus of elasticity in bending, bending strength and tensile strength of Oriented Strand Board. For this purpose, Oriented Strand Board panels were produced at three different density (550 - 570 - 590 kg.m-3 in size of 2440 x 1220 x 11 mm) and at five different mixture ratio of melamine in urea formaldehyde resin (0% - 2.5% - 5% - 15% - 20%). Urea formaldehyde and melamine urea formaldehyde included 65% solid content was used of 9.5% ratio relatively dry wood chip weight. At the process of Oriented Strand Board panels, Black pine (Pinus nigra), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Fir wood (Abies nordmanniana) chips were used at a rate of 80%, 15%, and 5%, respectively. Obtained results show that a linear correlation between the value of horizontal bending resistance, modulus of elasticity with panel density and melamine amount. It was understood that the values of longitudinal bending resistance did not show a direct increasing or decreasing in melamine amount and value of density. As it is seen that the values of longitudinal modulus of elasticity increases in proportion with the increase in the density. In perpendicular tensile strength to the surface; it is seen that values of all glue groups and density values which are intended by the standard for density values are covered. As melamine reinforcement ratio increases, average values of free formaldehyde decrease. It was determined that there was no direct correlation between the value of thickness swelling and panel density, and it had a correlation with used glue type.

Research progress on identification and quality evaluation of glues medicines

Glues medicines is a special kind of traditional Chinese medicine.As the market demand is large, the raw materials are in short supply and lacks proper quality evaluation technology, which causes inconsistent quality of products on the market. Its authentic identification and evaluation stay a problem to be solved. In this paper, the research progress of the methods and techniques of the evaluation of the identification and quality of glues medicines were reviewed. The researches of medicinal glue type identification and quality evaluation mainly concentrated in four aspects of medicinal materials of physical and chemical properties, trace elements, organic chemicals and biological genetic methods and techniques. The methods of physicochemical properties include thermal analysis, gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy, gel exclusion chromatography, and circular dichroism. The methods including atomic absorption spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, plasma emission spectrometry and visible spectrophotometry were used for the study of the trace elements of glues medicines. The organic chemical composition was studied by methods of composition of amino acids, content detection, odor detection, lipid soluble component, organic acid detection. Methods based on the characteristics of biogenetics include DNA, polypeptide and amino acid sequence difference analysis. Overall, because of relative components similarity of the glues medicines (such as amino acids, proteins and peptides), its authenticity and quality evaluation index is difficult to judge objectively, all sorts of identification evaluation methods have different characteristics, but also their limitations. It indicates that further study should focus on identification of evaluation index and various technology integrated application combining with the characteristics of the production process.

RISIKO MENDERITA KANKER DAN NON KANKER PADA PEKERJA TERPAPAR BENZENA DI HOME INDUSTRYSEPATU KELURAHAN TAMBAK OSO WILANGUN SURABAYA

Work to make the shoes is a job that has a risk of harm. Equipment used in the production process such as electric heating machine / fire (oven), glue, nails and a hammer. raw materials made of fabrics, synthetic leather or plastic materials. For the gluing process uses two types of glue that glue Brands Pro ARdico yellow, white glue and glue LK brand PU-Weber, DS-DNS Bond 818. Of the various equipment and materials used, the chemicals in the manufacturing process of shoes is one of the dangers presented high. The use of chemicals can damage the health of the craftsmen shoes one of them contained in the use of glue. The general objective of this study was to analyze the level of risks to health from exposure to benzene in shoe craftsman worker. This study is an observational study conducted in the shoe industry craftsmen village Tambak Oso Wilangon Surabaya. Meanwhile, in terms of time, the type of approach used in this study is cross-sectional design of the study design using risk analysis paradigm by taking one of the other, its components, namely a risk assessment / risk assessment. The concentration of benzene measured has a value of at least 0:04 mg / m3 and a maximum of 7.44 mg / m3. The calculation result obtained RQ RQ ≤ 1 of 8 people (40%) and RQ&gt; 1 as many as 13 people (60%) and the calculation of the ECR obtained all workers with ECR value&gt; 10-5 as many as 20 people (100%). The conclusion from this study is there risk to workers' health effects Noncarcinogenic and all employees at risk for health effects carcinogenic.Keywords: Risk, glue, gasoline, Benzene, RQ, ECR

Classification of uncoated plywood based on moisture dynamics

Moisture has a significant influence on the mechanical and physical properties and on the biological durability of wood and wood based materials. As plywood is commonly used as a building material for outdoor applications knowledge regarding its moisture behaviour is of utmost importance. The aim of this research is to model water accumulation in plywood panels in terms of their basic characteristics and in-service moisture conditions. Therefore, moisture dynamics of 29 uncoated plywood types consisting of different wood species, adhesives and layering were evaluated using a simple laboratory water floating test and an outdoor continuous moisture measurement set-up. A significant correlation was found between laboratory and field test results. By means of regression analysis the material characteristics affecting the moisture dynamics of plywood were evaluated. The most influential parameters were wood species, glue type and thickness of the top veneer. Limit values for the water left in the plywood specimen after 72 h absorption and subsequent 72 h desorption, the residual moisture content (rm72), were calculated as to develop a classification tool for plywood. Based on such a classification tool some recommendations for uncoated plywood regarding end use and service life were drafted. Enhanced performance should be obtained by means of wood preservation or by reducing its residual moisture by applying a coating or by an optimal selection of adhesive, wood species and top veneer thickness.

Analysis of the performance of adhesively bonded corrugated core sandwich structures using cohesive zone method

Stress analysis of adhesively bonded joints of sandwich structures is more complex. Only a few research works have studied this subject. The major obstacle is finding the stress distribution at the adhesive layer of sandwich structures under different loading conditions. This paper presents a study on stress distribution at the adhesive joints of the corrugated sandwich structure subjected to three-point bending using the cohesive zone model. Firstly, three cases of sandwich models with different types of glue on both longitudinal and transverse loading directions were calculated using cohesive zone model, and then the corresponding experiments were carried out and compared to prove the FEM results to validate the results through both load–displacement curves and failure deformation modes. Secondly, the cohesive zone model simulation was used to obtain the detailed stress distribution at the bonding joint with the effect of four major geometrical parameters: adhesive layer thickness, corrugated panel thickness, face panel thickness and adhesive joint width. Lastly, the results of stress analysis showed that the stress distribution is not uniform and is highly affected by the bonding joint's geometrical parameters, adhesive layer thickness and adhesive joint width.

Analysis of the stiffness and load-bearing capacity of glued laminated timber beams reinforced with strands

In this paper a benefit of glulam pinewood beams reinforced strands is discussed. In the first phase, series of pull-out tests were performed on specimens made up of different types of glue (melamine-urea-formaldehyde, epoxy and others) to detect pull-out force and failure mode of a specimens. In the second phase, series of equal cross-section glulam beams with strand and rod reinforcement were theoretically analysed using transformed cross-section method. Additionally, series of experimental testing were made. Benefits of strand reinforcement use as glulam beams’ reinforcement were identified and examined the possibility of one glue type application in all operations of reinforced glulam beams manufacturing.