Types Of Gloves Research Articles

Studies of Absorption in Sanitary Protective Gloves

Abstract In this article, we calculated the mass saturation and the diffusion coefficient of the polymeric systems used in protective gloves for distilled water and artificial sweat. It can be seen that the absorption is greater when the gloves are immersed in distilled water, particularly for nitrile and neoprene gloves. This happens because the crystals formed with artificial sweat are positioned on the surface of the glove's pores to partly prevent liquid absorption. A differential scanning calorimeter was used to determine the glass transition temperature for amorphous polymer, nitrile gloves, vinyl gloves, exploration latex gloves and surgical latex gloves, and the melting temperature for semi-crystalline neoprene gloves. The plasticizing results obtained for immersion of distilled water were similar to those of immersion in artificial sweat. UV-visible spectrometry can be applied to an indirect technique to test the glove's permeability. The results show that in the case of the nitrile, vinyl, exploration latex, and surgical latex, a migration of the indicator through the glove takes place. In contrast, no migration happens in the case of the neoprene. In nitrile gloves and vinyl gloves, a greater migration is observed. This could indicate a greater permeability of this type of glove. In the case of surgical latex and exploration latex, a migration with a relatively small value is observed. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), we observed the structural modifications that polymers undergo during their exposure to artificial sweat. The surgical latex immersed in artificial sweat shows the size increase in the pores, while the corresponding nitrile gloves do not vary. This fact could be related to the results obtained in the study of absorption that showed that surgical latex gloves had greater plasticizing.

Cochrane Review Brief: Gloves, Extra Gloves or Special Types of Gloves for Preventing Percutaneous Exposure Injuries in Healthcare Personnel

Cochrane Review Brief: Gloves, Extra Gloves or Special Types of Gloves for Preventing Percutaneous Exposure Injuries in Healthcare Personnel

Reducing Health Issues Effective of Protective Gloves in Cluster bean

Guar harvesting, besides being a tiring task, involves a number of health hazards. Pods of the guar plant become very hard after drying and prick into hands of the worker while cutting. The field experiment was conducted on 10 women respondents in CCSHAU farms harvesting guar in the forenoon for one hour with existing and improved method. In existing method, main problems faced while harvesting of guar were irritation (ms=4.0), hands smeared with dust (ms=4.0) and injury in hands (ms=3.5). To overcome the problem, improved method was used for guar harvesting that consisted of use of safety hand gloves and improved serrated sickle. Three types of safety gloves were tested and best gloves were further selected for ergonomic evaluation. Effect of gloves in relieving them from hazards revealed that some of the health hazards were completely removed viz cuts in hands, hands smeared with dust and swelling in hands (100%). There was 28.8 per cent reduction in RPE while cutting guar using improved sickle with gloves. Improved methods resulted decrease in musculo-skeletal problems. Maximum reduction in pain was observed in palm with combination of improved sickle with gloves (40.5) followed by in fingers (35.9%). Overall discomfort score was 9.2 which reduced to 6.7 with safety gloves. And, it also increased the area covered (3.0%). Therefore, propagation of appropriate technology is need of the hour as preventive measures which would be helpful in reducing the drudgery and increasing the efficiency.

ステロイド治療が有効であったサイトメガロウィルス感染後の急性運動・感覚・自律神経ニューロパチーの1例

We report a rare case of autonomic neuropathy associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The patient, a 53-year-old male, was admitted to our hospital because of prolonged fever, headache and neck stiffness followed by urinary retention. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed pleocytosis (219/mm(3), predominantly lymphocytes) with a markedly increased protein level (217 mg/dl) and serum IgM anti-CMV antibody was detected. While his meningitic symptoms gradually improved after intravenous administration of ganciclovir, he complained of numbness in the extremities and difficulty in walking. Neurologically, marked orthostatic hypotension, glove and stocking type of paresthesia, severe muscle weakness in extremities, and neurogenic atonic bladder were noted. Nerve conduction studies showed normal except for F-waves, which were absent in the left tibial nerve. A sural nerve specimen appeared normal in both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. He was given immunological therapies such as corticosteroid and intravenous high dose immunoglobulin therapies. After corticosteroid therapies, not only sensory and motor symptoms but also autonomic symptoms remarkably improved. Of the anti-ganglioside antibodies, IgM anti-GM1 antibody and IgM anti-GM2 antibody were detected. Although some cases with Guillain-Barré syndrome preceded by CMV infection have been reported, few cases with autonomic neuropathy have been described in association with successful corticosteroid therapies.

Development of the glove type finger training device which built in the EAM brake device

Development of the glove type finger training device which built in the EAM brake device

1P1-W09 3自由度直動パラレル機構を利用した装着型指先触覚提示装置の開発

A tactile device which utilizes a 3 degree of freedom small parallel mechanism is developed. The device presents pressure sensation, two directional share force and vibration at a user's fingertip. The device is designed to be used together with a glove type device. The whole system including the tactile device and the glove type device is expected to present various sensation to the user's hand.

Current dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa research does not match research needs perceived by patients and clinicians

Current dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa research does not match research needs perceived by patients and clinicians

Nitrile versus Latex for Glove Juice Sampling.

The objective of this study was to explore the utility of nitrile gloves as a replacement for latex surgical gloves in recovering bacteria from the hands. Two types of nitrile gloves were compared to latex gloves using the parallel streak method. Streaks of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were made on tryptic soy agar plates, and the zones of inhibition were measured around pieces of glove material placed on the plates. Latex gloves produced a mean zone of inhibition of 0.28 mm, compared to 0.002 mm for nitrile gloves (p<.001). While the parallel streak method is not intended as a quantitative estimate of antimicrobial properties, these results suggest that nitrile may be a viable alternative to latex in glove juice sampling methods, since nitrile avoids the risk of latex exposure.

Validation of a questionnaire on hand hygiene in the construction industry.

Construction workers are at risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis. Gloves, when used properly, may protect against chemicals and coarse materials. We investigated the prevalence and determinants of contact dermatitis in a population of Dutch construction workers and aimed at validating questionnaire items on hand hygiene. A cross-sectional study was conducted at 13 construction sites, yielding data of 177 subjects (95% response rate). A questionnaire covering questions on hand hygiene and contact dermatitis symptoms was used. Agreement between workplace observations and a number of questionnaire items was assessed by calculating Cohen's kappa. Log-binomial regression analysis was used to assess the association between contact dermatitis and various hand hygiene-related determinants. The 1-year prevalence of self-reported contact dermatitis in our study sample was 46.9%. Multiple regression analysis showed a positive association with difficulties with hand cleaning (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.52), hand contamination at the end of the working day (PR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.14-4.65), and intensive hand cream use (PR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.42-3.01). Observations of hand contamination, glove use, and glove types were found to agree well with the self-reported data from the questionnaire (Cohen's kappa's 0.75, 0.97, and 0.88). Self-reported contact dermatitis prevalence in construction workers was high and related to hand hygiene. A strong agreement was found between workplace observations and self-reported questionnaire data.

Skin reactions amongst Greek endodontists: a national questionnaire survey.

To investigate amongst Greek endodontists in the past 5years the prevalence, aetiologic factors, severity and treatment for skin reactions. One hundred and 47 endodontists met the inclusion criteria and were invited to participate in the survey. Participants were asked for personal/professional data, prevalence, aetiologic factors, symptoms, severity and treatment for skin reactions in the past 5years. The type of gloves used and frequency of hand washing as well as information on history of atopy and eczema were also recorded. Data were analysed using chi-square test and independent samples t-test. The level of significance was set at P=0.05. The response rate was 84%. Skin reactions were reported by 32.5% of participants. Hands were the body part most frequently affected (66% of cases); glove powder accounted for 73% of skin reactions. Medical care was sought by 28.2% of the affected participants. Endodontists with a history of atopy (P<0.001) and dermal eczema (P<0.001) as well as females (P=0.023) were more likely to report skin reactions. Replacement of powdered latex gloves with powder-free or vinyl/nitrile gloves, avoidance of potential allergens and use of pharmaceutical ointments were adopted by 48.7%, 23.1% and 2.6% of the affected endodontists, respectively, to manage skin reactions. Approximately one-third of participants reported skin reactions. History of atopy and dermal eczema as well as gender was significantly associated with such reactions. The use of powder-free latex gloves instead of powdered ones was the measure most frequently adopted to manage reactions.

Towards improving usage and management of supplies in healthcare: An ontology-based solution for sharing knowledge

The goal of this work is to contribute to an improvement in the management and usage of medical items in hospitals by developing an ontology-driven solution that organizes and describes clearly related knowledge. Experts in the purchasing and management of hospital supplies (administrative and clinical) were invited to participate at different stages of the ontology-based system development. As a result of the first stage, the HealthCatalog ontology was developed. This ontology models generic items included in a health catalog and their management. Secondly, a further refinement of the ontology was conducted by specifically studying the case of gloves. Twenty-seven references of different glove types were modeled and included in the ontology during the stage two. A prototype was then developed as a proof of concept and for the evaluation of the ontology. Finally, a usability evaluation was planned to improve the ontology and obtain feedback from experts after testing the system. Experts involved in the evaluation stressed its potential use in a real clinical environment and the benefits it would bring in terms of cost and sharing knowledge among clinical personnel. Our proposed ontology-based system provides an understandable and organized solution to capture knowledge regarding item management and usage. It addresses the integration challenge of health catalogs while providing a framework for collaborative sharing and knowledge acquisition among clinicians.

Changes in Chemical Permeation of Disposable Latex, Nitrile, and Vinyl Gloves Exposed to Simulated Movement

Glove movement can affect chemical permeation of organic compounds through polymer glove products. However, conflicting reports make it difficult to compare the effects of movement on chemical permeation through commonly available glove types. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of movement on chemical permeation of an organic solvent through disposable latex, nitrile, and vinyl gloves. Simulated whole-glove permeation testing was conducted using ethyl alcohol and a previously designed permeation test system. With exposure to movement, a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.001) in breakthrough time (BT) was observed for the latex (−23%) and nitrile gloves (−31%). With exposure to movement, only the nitrile glove exhibited a significant increase (p ≤ 0.001) in steady-state permeation rate (+47%) and cumulative permeation at 30 min (+111%). Even though the nitrile glove provided optimum chemical resistance against ethyl alcohol, it was most affected by movement. With exposure to movement, the latex glove was an equivalent option for overall worker protection, because it was less affected by movement and the permeation rate was lower than that of the nitrile glove. In contrast, the vinyl glove was the least affected by movement, but did not provide adequate chemical resistance to ethyl alcohol in comparison with the nitrile and latex gloves. Glove selection should take movement and polymer type into account. Some glove polymer types are less affected by movement, most notably the latex glove in this test. With nitrile gloves, at least a factor of three should be used when attempting to assign a protection factor when repetitive hand motions are anticipated. Ultimately, the latex gloves outperformed nitrile and vinyl in these tests, which evaluated the effect of movement on chemical permeation. Future research should aim to resolve some of the observed discrepancies in test results with latex and vinyl gloves.

Gloves, extra gloves or special types of gloves for preventing percutaneous exposure injuries in healthcare personnel.

Healthcare workers are at risk of acquiring viral diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV through exposure to contaminated blood and body fluids at work. Most often infection occurs when a healthcare worker inadvertently punctures the skin of their hand with a sharp implement that has been used in the treatment of an infected patient, thus bringing the patient's blood into contact with their own. Such occurrences are commonly known as percutaneous exposure incidents. To determine the benefits and harms of extra gloves for preventing percutaneous exposure incidents among healthcare workers versus no intervention or alternative interventions. We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, NHSEED, Science Citation Index Expanded, CINAHL, NIOSHTIC, CISDOC, PsycINFO and LILACS until 26 June 2013. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with healthcare workers as the majority of participants, extra gloves or special types of gloves as the intervention, and exposure to blood or bodily fluids as the outcome. Two authors independently assessed study eligibility and risk of bias, and extracted data. We performed meta-analyses for seven different comparisons. We found 34 RCTs that included 6890 person-operations as participating units and reported on 46 intervention-control group comparisons. We grouped interventions as follows: increased layers of standard gloves, gloves manufactured with special protective materials or thicker gloves, and gloves with puncture indicator systems. Indicator gloves show a coloured spot when they are perforated. Participants were surgeons in all studies and they used at least one pair of standard gloves as the control intervention. Twenty-seven studies also included other surgical staff (e.g. nurses). All but one study used perforations in gloves as an indication of exposure. The median control group rate was 18.5 perforations per 100 person-operations. Seven studies reported blood stains on the skin and two studies reported self reported needlestick injuries. Six studies reported dexterity as visual analogue scale scores for the comparison double versus single gloves, 13 studies reported outer glove perforations. We judged the included studies to have a moderate to high risk of bias.We found moderate-quality evidence that double gloves compared to single gloves reduce the risk of glove perforation (rate ratio (RR) 0.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23 to 0.37) and the risk of blood stains on the skin (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.70). Two studies with a high risk of bias also reported the effect of double compared to single gloves on needlestick injuries (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.62).We found low-quality evidence in one small study that the use of three gloves compared to two gloves reduces the risk of perforation further (RR 0.03, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.52). There was similar low-quality evidence that the use of one fabric glove over one normal glove reduces perforations compared to two normal gloves (RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.93). There was moderate-quality evidence that this effect was similar for the use of one special material glove between two normal material gloves. Thicker gloves did not perform better than thinner gloves.There was moderate to low-quality evidence in two studies that an indicator system does not reduce the total number of perforations during an operation even though it reduces the number of perforations per glove used.There was moderate-quality evidence that double gloves have a similar number of outer glove perforations as single gloves, indicating that there is no loss of dexterity with double gloves (RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.31). There is moderate-quality evidence that double gloving compared to single gloving during surgery reduces perforations and blood stains on the skin, indicating a decrease in percutaneous exposure incidents. There is low-quality evidence that triple gloving and the use of special gloves can further reduce the risk of glove perforations compared to double gloving with normal material gloves. The preventive effect of double gloves on percutaneous exposure incidents in surgery does not need further research. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of special material gloves and triple gloves, and of gloves in other occupational groups.

Factors influencing the perception of roughness in manual exploration: Do medical gloves reduce cutaneous sensibility?

A new roughness perception test was designed to evaluate cutaneous sensibility. Blindfolded subjects explored a sample of sandpaper using one of two methods: stroking the sample (dynamic method) or applying pressure (static method). A range of samples of various grades were presented in a random order, and subjects scored each one in terms of perceived roughness. Each subject performed the test in three conditions – wearing latex and nitrile examination gloves and bare-handed. Mean normalised scores for each combination of sandpaper grade and hand condition were calculated. The coefficient of friction (COF) between each sample and glove (or bare finger) was measured, and the topography of each sample was analysed using a profilometer. It was found that the COF did not vary significantly across the samples, and so could not be related to perceived roughness. However, there were strong correlations between perceived roughness and surface topography (roughness average, particle diameter, particle spacing), particularly in the dynamic method. In the static method, most subjects did not perceive roughness differences below 800 µm particle spacing. In both methods, there was a significant reduction in perceived roughness when gloves were donned, but no significant difference between the two glove types could be found. It was concluded that the dynamic method was a useful test for evaluating cutaneous sensibility. Further investigation of the relationship between friction and perceived roughness was recommended, using a wider range of sample materials.

Occupational Health Hazard in Abelmoschus esculentus (Bhindi) Picking and Mitigating Measures

Vegetable A. esculentus (Bhindi) picking is labour-intensive work that requires painstaking physical effort, patience and perseverance. Women usually use their hands resulting in physical and mental fatigue, hardship, exploitation and pain. The present study was carried out to study the occupational health hazard in vegetable A. esculentus (Bhindi) picking and mitigating measures. The experimental study was carried out on 10 farm women labourers in Majra village of Fatehabad district in A. esculentus (Bhindi) farms, studying use of four types of gloves as existing protective measures used by the respondents and then introduced 3 appropriate technologies viz. protective gloves, capron and vegetable picking bags as mitigating measures. Women workers faced severe health hazards in picking A. esculentus (Bhindi) (lady finger) in terms of cuts and wounds in hands, hardness of skin, itching, blisters and abrasions.Various mitigating measures used by the respondents during A. esculentus (Bhindi) picking were homemade mittens of cloth materials (40%), surgical gloves (30%), cotton (20%) and woolen gloves (10%). Performance evaluation of existing mitigation measures was studied in terms of durability, safety and comfort in terms of sweating, it was highlighted that mittens made of denim cloth were preferred most (Rank I) followed by cotton gloves (Rank II), woolen gloves (Rank III) and surgical gloves (Rank IV). Use of improved technology in A. esculentus (Bhindi) picking not only reduced the health hazards, but also increased the output by 40 percent, thereby, increasing the efficiency of the worker.

Which Gloves Are Efficient To Protect Against Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles In Work Conditions?

Recent articles underline the potential health risks associated to the “nano” revolution. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) are one of these engineered nanoparticles (ENP) that have been cautioned about their likely harmful effects on health. In occupational use, to handle ENP, many Health & Safety agencies have recommended the application of the precautionary principle namely the recommendation of the use of protective gloves against chemicals. However, at the best of our knowledge, no study about the penetration of ENP through protective gloves in working conditions was performed. This study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of several models of protective gloves against nTiO2. Two types of nitrile rubber gloves (100 μm and 200μm), latex and butyl rubber gloves were brought into contact with nTiO2 in water, in propylene glycol (PG) or in powder. Mechanical biaxial deformations (BD), simulating the flexing of the hand, were applied to the samples during their exposure to ENP. Depending the model of gloves and the mode of application of the NP, the results obtained by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry) are different. For nTiO2 in water, the passage is highlighted for nitrile rubber gloves (100 μm) after only 60 deformations and the nTiO2 concentration reaches its maximum for 180 DB. Regarding the nTiO2 in powder, nitrile rubber gloves (100 μm) and butyl rubber, the values achieved are significant but less than the solutions.

Molluscuoid lesions over the body

A 42-year-old male presented with multiple asymptomatic raised skin lesions of 8 months duration. The lesions first appeared on the posterior aspect of the trunk and later involved the forearms, face, and ears. He also noticed a non-healing ulcer over the left heel for the past 2 months. On examination, he had multiple discrete skin-colored, smooth, shiny, dome-shaped papules, some of them resembling molluscum contagiosum [Figure 1], arising from an apparently normal-looking skin and distributed on the posterior trunk, upper extremities [Figure 2], face, and ear lobes. The patient also had a well-defined ulcer covered with slough over the left heel. The sensations were intact on the papules. The patient had glove and stocking type of anesthesia, while the ulnar, common peroneal, and tibial nerves were thickened bilaterally, but were non-tender. Slit-skin smears from the ear lobes, papules, and normal skin were positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), the morphological index being 60% from all the sites, while the bacterial index was 6 + from all the sites. Skin biopsy from a papule showed a well-circumscribed collection of spindle-shaped histiocytes in the dermis, arranged in nodular aggregates [Figure 3], while Wade-Fite stain showed the spindle-shaped histiocytes to be packed with AFB [Figure 4]. With these features, a final diagnosis of histoid leprosy (HL) was made. Figure 1 Smooth shiny molluscum contagiosum-like papules Figure 2 Papules over the forearm arising from apparently normal skin Figure 3 Spindle-shaped histiocytes in the dermis (H and E, ×400) Figure 4 Long, narrow AFB (Wade-Fite stain, ×1000)

Analysis of Heavy Metals in Blister Pack and Medical Gloves Samples

Incineration is a common method to treat medical wastes. Whereas pathogens and environmentally problematic organic compounds are destroyed, toxic heavy metals cannot be ruined. In this study heavy metal concentrations of two types of medical wastes were analyzed. Four different blister pack layers (polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl chloride/polyvinylidiene chloride with pigment (PVC/PVdCp), polyvinyl chloride/polyvinylidiene chloride transparent (PVC/PVdCt) and polyethylene (PE)) and blister pack as a unit, and three types of medical gloves (latex powdered and powder-free medical gloves, nitrile powder-free medical gloves and vinyl powdered and powder-free medical gloves) were digested using high pressure digestion methods. Different acid mixtures were used to digest the samples. Heavy metal concentrations were analyzed by the inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). As, Fe, Na, P, Sn, Sr and Zn were detected in blister pack and different blister pack layers. Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Sr and Zn were detected in three different types of medical gloves. No environmentally relevant elemental concentrations were detected except for Sn and Zn. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.65.3.4157

Preliminary Evaluation of the Ergonomic Properties of Gloves for Protection Against Mineral Oils Based on Manual Dexterity Tests

Abstract The objective of this study was to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the ergonomic properties of gloves designed for protection against mineral oils. Two standardized tests were employed for assessing comfort of use: the finger dexterity test and the grip and pull test. The study was carried out under conditions simulating the real-life usage of gloves; mineral oil was spread on the gloves’ surface, which is a novelty relative to the methodology described in the relevant standards. Four types of gloves commonly used for protection against mineral oils were studied. The first test involved 10 human subjects, and the second 4 subjects. Preliminary evaluation of the ergonomic properties of gloves was conducted by means of the finger dexterity test (evaluation of fine finger movements) and a cylinder grip and pull test (evaluation of the gross movements of the arms and hands). These tests showed that mineral oil present on the surface of the gloves (in the dexterity test and the grip and pull test) negatively affected the ergonomic properties of the gloves. It was established that the glove material influenced the subjects’ evaluation of the effort put into gripping and pulling a cylinder while wearing oiled gloves. The study also showed that the cylinder grip and pull test, used to examine the gross movements of the arms and hands, is more sensitive than the finger dexterity test and allows for more accurate verification of a glove material in the case of exposure to oils. It should be noted that gloves made entirely of chloroprene rubber exhibited the smallest decrease in ergonomic properties in the most difficult test involving oiled gloves and a cylinder. This material provides greater comfort of use than a liner coated with acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber or nitrile rubber.

290 Validation of questionnaire items among Dutch construction workers using direct workplace observations

ObjectivesContact dermatitis is widely present among construction workers. The risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis among this group is probably related to occupational exposure to chemicals. In addition, frequency of...