Type Of Family Relationship Research Articles

Perception of family relationships and personal integration in young women suffering from anorexia nervosa

The presented study concerns finding an answer to the question of perceived quality of relationships in the family of origin and personal integration, as well as the link between these variables among young women suffering from anorexia nervosa. The aim of the study was to determine: (1) the manner of assessing relationships in the family of origin by women suffering from anorexia; (2) the level of their personal integration (as a whole and in relation to its components, particularly trust, autonomy, and a sense of identity); and (3) the associations between the quality of family relationships and personal integration along with its components (psychosocial resources/ego qualities). The intergroup differences were verified in the scope of three types of family relationships: autonomy/control, consistency and communication, and the level of overall personal integration and seven out of eight (due to the age of the respondents) ego qualities identified in the theory proposed by Erikson. A total 60 women aged 18 to 24 years (M = 19.15, standard deviation, SD = 1.89) took part in the study. The research group comprised 29 women with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, whereas the control group consisted of 31 healthy women. The Family Relationship Questionnaire (KRR-3) developed by Plopa and Połomski (2010), the Personal Integration Questionnaire (KINTO) authored by Zagórska, Migut and Jelińska (2014), and an original sociodemographic survey were applied. It was assumed that women suffering from anorexia, compared to healthy women, would assess relationships in the family of origin differently, particularly the relationship with the mother, and that they were less strongly integrated, mainly in relation to such resources as trust, autonomy, and a sense of identity. It was also believed that there was a link between the assessment of family relationships and personal integration. The hypotheses concerning overly protective and controlling parental attitudes in women suffering from anorexia were confirmed. They were also found to have a lower level of personal integration and sense of identity. A small number of associations that are difficult to interpret in the case of the relationship with the mother were found between the perceived quality of family relationships and the psychosocial resources of women suffering from anorexia, which may be attributed to denial commonly occurring in persons suffering from anorexia. The picture of the matrix of the studied relationships turned out to be different in both groups, particularly with regard to the relationship between personal integration and the three attitudes of the mother.

Домашно насилие, семейни отношения и проблемно поведение в детска и в юношеска възраст

The article examines the causes of domestic violence and the relationship between family relationships and problematic behavior in childhood and adolescence. The influence of different types of parenting models on child development is presented. The symptoms of the dysfunctional family are indicated. Domestic violence and faulty parenting patterns can lead children and adolescents to traumatic experiences and sufferers should be given support and professional help. The psychological specificity of different types of family relationships has been revealed. In family relationships with prevailing manipulation, authoritarianism and alienation, children exhibit problematic behavior. Problem behavior in childhood and adolescence can be perceived as a form of protest against the lack of attention on the part of parents. In cases of disharmonious family relation, children experience dissatisfaction in interpersonal interactions, the sense of meaning in life decreases, social isolation increases. The serious consequences for the psyche, behavior and experiences of the child and adolescent living in dysfunctional families require the professional support and empathy of school psychologists. Through timely quality pedagogical and psychological help, children and adolescents will be able to overcome problems in their development that personal growth.

The Mental Health Benefit of Friend Networks in Older Korean Americans: The Conditioning Effect of Family Type.

We identified types of family relationships of older Korean Americans and examined how the mental health benefit of friend networks might be conditioned by family type. Data were from 2,070 participants in the Study of Older Korean Americans, a multistate survey of Korean immigrants aged 60 and older (Mage = 73.3, standard deviation [SD] = 8.01). To identify family types, latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed with marital status, living arrangement, family network, positive and negative interactions with family members, and family mistreatment. Linear regression models examined how mental distress was associated with friend networks and family types, as well as their interactions. LPA identified 5 family types: close-knit, intimate but distant, detached, connected but dysfunctional, and dysfunctional. Greater distress was associated with smaller friend networks and belonging to the detached, connected but dysfunctional, and dysfunctional family types in comparison to the close-knit type. The interaction model showed that people in the connected but dysfunctional and dysfunctional groups had a stronger association between friend networks and mental distress than the counterparts in the close-knit group. We not only confirmed the health-promoting role of friend networks and the value of a close-knit family but also found that the benefit of friend networks was pronounced when quality of the family relationship was impaired. Our findings called renewed attention to older immigrants' social convoys of family and friends, suggesting that the enhancement of friend networks could be particularly advantageous for older immigrants with dysfunctional family relationships.

Explaining the role of family in the mental health of young people (a case study of married students of Kashan University)

Introduction: Today's modern world is full of terrifying threats and dangers, because it introduces unprecedented potential dangers that previous generations did not deal with at all. One of the consequences of the crushing cycle of modernity, which in recent times has been of interest to sociologists, is the changing nature of health and disease. One of the most important aspects of health in late modernity is mental health which has attracted the attention of many international institutions and plays an important role in ensuring the dynamism and efficiency of society. Among these, family is the most important center for the maintenance of mental health. Materials and Methods: This research is a survey which was performed on 368 married students of Kashan University by random sampling method. Research data were collected using a questionnaire accompanied by an interview. Findings: The results of regression analysis confirm the effect of each of the variables of marriage satisfaction, type of family relationship, appropriate relationship with spouse, and appropriateness of family status on students' mental health by 34, 18, 22 and 12%, respectively. Conclusion: The analysis of findings shows that the family has a very important role in mental health.

Normative models and trends in the development of intra-family relations in modern conditions

The article notes that each culture has its own «normative» model of the family, characterized by its defining parameters. These parameters reflect different indicators – descriptors – as attributes that determine the corresponding value and behavior in society. The types of family relationships identified by humanitarian science are revealed. It is proved that in a retrospective of the historical development of mankind, the relationships not only of the family and society, but also of the family and the individual changed, which depended on many factors. The article analyzes the negative trends of marriage and family relations, it is noted that along with the form of actual (civil) marriage, there is a tendency to the appearance of a large number of other forms of marriage unions: guest, concubinate, open marriage, business marriage, fictitious, creative union, polygyny, group marriage, same-sex cohabitation, virtual marriage (web-marriage), etc. This trend leads to a change in the content of the phenomenon of marriage, the adoption of actual marriage as a social norm. It is noted that today the semantic attitudes of a person are deformed and the concepts of the purpose and values of life are distorted, there is a noticeable turn of mass consciousness from the collectivist values of the family to the individual values of the person, which to a certain extent disorganizes both family life and social relations. It is noted that according to the results of the study, the authors of this article developed an educational module "Modern Family" for students of a different professional fields.

Familial risk of Behçet's disease among first-degree relatives: a population-based aggregation study in Korea.

Previous studies have indicated that Behçet's disease (BD) has a genetic component, however population-level familial risk estimates are unavailable. We quantified the familial incidence and risk of BD in first-degree relatives (FDR) according to age, sex and type of family relationship. Using the Korean National Health Insurance database, which has full population coverage and confirmed FDR information, we constructed a cohort of 21940795 individuals comprising 12 million families, which were followed for a familial occurrence of BD from 2002 to 2017. Age- and sex-adjusted incidence risk ratios for BD were calculated in individuals with affected FDR compared with those without affected FDR. Among the total study population, 53687 individuals had affected FDR, of whom 284 familial cases developed BD with an incidence of 3.57/104 person-years. The familial risk (incidence) for BD was increased to 13.1-fold (2.71/104 person-years) in individuals with an affected father, 13.9-fold (3.11/104 person-years) with affected mother, 15.2-fold (4.9/104 person-years) with an affected sibling and the highest risk was 165-fold (46/104 person-years) with an affected twin. Familial risks showed age dependence, being higher in younger age groups. The sex-specific familial risk was similar in males and females. This study provides quantified estimates of familial incidence and risk in FDR of BD patients in an entire population. Familial risks were higher within generation (sibling-sibling) vs between generations (parent-offspring). This implicates complex interactions between genetic factors and shared childhood environmental exposures in the pathogenesis of BD.

Social network type and subsequent cognitive health among older Europeans.

One's personal social network constitutes a contextual framing factor for late-life cognitive function. This study examined the association between network type at baseline and changes in three cognitive measures: immediate recall, delayed recall, and fluency, two years hence, among Europeans aged 50 and older. Data were taken from Waves four and five of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe of adults aged 50 and above (N = 50,071). The latent class analysis was applied to a set of criterion variables. The procedure yielded five distinct network types: multi-tie (6%), family-rich (23%), close-family (49%), family-poor (12%), and friend-enhanced (10%). The network types were then regressed on the cognition measures at follow-up, controlling for the respective baseline cognition scores, as well as for age, gender, education, self-rated health, mobility difficulty, and country. Respondents in family-poor network types had poorer cognition scores at follow-up, compared to those in the modal close-family network, while those in multi-tie networks had consistently better scores. The family-rich network and the friend-enhanced network also had a somewhat better cognitive function. Having varied sources of network ties, e.g. friendship ties and/or several types of family relationships, is beneficial to the cognitive health of older adults over time. Networks based mainly on ties with relatives other than spouse and children, on the other hand, have poorer cognitive outcomes. Older people in this latter group face an increased risk for cognitive decline and should receive assistance in enhancing their interpersonal environments.

Early Detection and Prevention of Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents

This article highlights the results of research, which help reveal high-risk groups to suicide among adolescentsbased on types of family relationships and provide timely medical, psychological and psycho-correction helpfor parents and children, predict suicidal behavior at early stages. An major role in prevention of adolescentsuicides is played by the family and healthy family relationships, as they ensure harmonious developmentof a personality.

Heritability of macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness as determined by optical coherence tomography: the Healthy Twin Study

PurposeTo evaluate genetic influence on macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness.MethodsMacular GCIPL thickness was measured with optical coherence tomography in nine macular subfields defined by the E TDRS....

The Role of Evolutionary Psychology in New Venture Success

Family relationships play an important role in entrepreneurial teams of new ventures. We examine two different types of family relationships in entrepreneurial teams: (1) close kinship ties and (2) distant kinship ties. Specifically, integrating insight from research on evolutionary psychology theory with research on socioemotional wealth, we analyze the impact of these family ties on the success of new ventures. Our empirical results, based on a sample of 317 new ventures, suggest that while close kinship ties in entrepreneurial teams have a negative effect on new venture success, distant kinship ties have a positive effect. Both of these effects are less pronounced in case of high founder ownership or in case of high initial financial resources. We contribute to the entrepreneurship literature by providing a broader but yet more precise understanding of the construct “family” as well as new insight for the varying effects of different family relationships on firm success. Moreover, we introduce new original theoretical frameworks on which future entrepreneurship theorizing can take place.

Genetic influence on macular retinal nerve fibre layer thickness according to retinal subfield

Background/aimCharacterising genetic effect on macular retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) is needed to obtain better understanding of various retinopathies and optic neuropathies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate...

Families in Later Life: A Decade in Review.

Later-life families encompass the legal, biological, romantic, and kin-like relationships of persons ages 65 and older. Research on older families has flourished over the past decade, as population aging has intensified concerns regarding the capacities of families to care for older adults and the adequacy of public pension systems to provide an acceptable standard of living. Shifting patterns of family formation over the past half-century have created a context in which contemporary older adults' family lives differ markedly from earlier generations. Decreasing numbers of adults are growing old with their first and only spouse, with rising numbers divorcing, remarrying, forming non-marital romantic partnerships, or living single by choice. Remarriage and the formation of stepfamilies pose challenges and opportunities as older adults negotiate complex decisions such as inheritance and caregiving. Family relationships are consequential for older adults' well-being, operating through both biological and psychosocial mechanisms. We synthesize research from the past decade, revealing how innovations in data and methods have refined our understanding of late-life families against a backdrop of demographic change. We show how contemporary research refines classic theoretical frameworks and tests emerging conceptual models. We organize the article around two main types of family relationships: (1) marriage and romantic partnerships and (2) intergenerational relationships. We discuss how family caregiving occurs within these relationships, and offer three promising avenues for future research: ethnic minority and immigrant families; older adults without close kin ("elder orphans"); and the potentials of rapidly evolving technologies for intergenerational relationships and caregiving.

ЗМІНИ СІМЕЙНИХ ВЗАЄМИН В КРАЇНАХ ЗАХОДУ ТА ЇХ ВПЛИВ НА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЮ СІМ’Ї В УКРАЇНІ

Purpose. The article aims to reveal the study results, designed to identify marital and family relations forms changings, increasing the number of individual relationships types in Western Europe and America, and analyzing the European trends impact on family transformation in Ukraine. Methods. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe reports, the United Nations Birth reports, and different countries statistical services data; countries’ family codes and individual laws were analyzed as well. The analysis revealed marital and family relations forms changings, an increase in the number of individual types of relationships in Western Europe and America. In order to establish the level of dissemination of Western modern family relations concepts in Ukraine, the authors analyzed United Nations Economic Commission for Europe data, State Statistics Service of Ukraine data, Family and Children socio-demographic studies results by Ptoukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2001 census data, 2008–2010 sample studies and individual researchers’ results. Results. It was established that that in Ukraine, as well as in the Western countries, there is a tendency to increase the marriage age and to postpone a paternity, growing number of the one-child and childless families, an increase of the birth rate outside the formal marriage. Marriage occurs at a more mature age, as well as motherhood (if at all); partnerships, both marital and extramarital, become less lasting and stable, even with children. The use of modern reproductive technologies is becoming widespread. At the same time, despite the fact that civil partnerships and same-sex marriages are legal and widespread in Western countries, such types of family relationships are outlawed in Ukraine. Conclusions. The article has identified a pattern and a correlation between family changes in Western countries and in Ukraine. It is established that the cultural environment and social processes also have a significant impact on these changes.

A new framework to test parent-child and full sibling relationships with population substructure

Familial search is a statistical approach that is used to infer genetic relationships between a forensic sample and individuals in a DNA database. Several authors have proposed likelihood ratio-based statistics for testing parent-child and full sibling relationships when population substructure exists. This paper proposes three new statistics and investigates performance of each statistic based on Type I error and power. Three statistics, defined by (1) the local allele frequency, (2) the Balding-Nichols approach and (3) the ratio between the maximum of the genotype probabilities over racial subgroup, were found to be good for testing these two types of familial relationships. Power analyses within racial groups are also included, with the power highest for African-American samples and lowest for Caucasian samples. Finally, simulation studies were done on both original and extended CODIS core loci. There were clear differences in power, with the power substantially higher for extended CODIS core loci.

Predictors and moderators of burden of care and emotional distress in first-episode psychosis caregivers: results from the GET UP pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial.

First-episode psychosis (FEP) is a major life event and can have an adverse impact on the diagnosed individual and their families. The importance of intervening early and providing optimal treatments is widely acknowledged. In comparison to patient groups, literature is scarce on identifying treatment predictors and moderators of caregiver outcomes. This study aimed to identify pre-treatment characteristics predicting and/or moderating carer outcomes, based on data from a multi-element psychosocial intervention to FEP patients and carers (GET-UP PIANO trial). Carer demography, type of family relationship, patient contact hours, pre-treatment carer burden, patient perceptions of parental caregiving and expressed emotion (EE) were selected, a priori, as potential predictors/moderators of carer burden and emotional distress at 9 months post treatment. Outcomes were analysed separately in mixed-effects random regression models. Analyses were performed on 260 carers. Only patient perceptions of early maternal criticism predicted reports of lower carer burden at follow-up. However, multiple imputation analysis failed to confirm this result. For treatment moderators: higher levels of carer burden at baseline yielded greater reductions in carer emotional distress at follow-up in the experimental group compared with treatment as usual (TAU). Higher levels of perceived EE moderated greater reductions in carer reports of tension in experimental group, compared with TAU, at follow-up. In younger caregivers (<51 years old), there were greater reductions in levels of worry during the baseline to follow-up period, within the experimental group compared with TAU. The study failed to identify significant treatment predictors of FEP carer outcomes. However, our preliminary findings suggest that optimal treatment outcomes for carers at first episode might be moderated by younger carer age, and carers reporting higher baseline levels of burden, and where patients perceive higher levels of negative effect from caregivers.

Actualization of family values in the post-sacral day: Challenges for the State and Church

The article is devoted to the problems of the modern family faced with the complicated challenges of the XXI century in post-secular society.&#x0D; In place of the religious world order, which regulated family relations for millenia, based on unchanging religious dogmas, a new era comes, which strongly refuses religious consecration of marriage and family, in a new way constituting the relations of secular state and church, desacralizes morality. The secular gradually covers the family and family ties, partly solving prejudiced problems of inequality of articles and generations, inequalities of social roles, and so on. Instead of changing the religious model of the family, a new type of family relationship comes in, based on the freedom of each member of the family, freeing them from slavery.&#x0D; However, the secular day raises new problems, including social orphanhood, violence, single-parent families, drug addiction, etc., which need to be resolved in the post-secular society. These problems are perceived as religious (religious-based families) and non-religious (families that do not put God or gods at the heart of their relationship) families who are looking for ways out of the crisis.&#x0D; The article defines the signs of this post-secular society, where both religious and secular ones exist simultaneously. In return, the separation of the secular from the religious and the suppression of the religious secular, the absolute priority of the secular over the religious comes another model. Religion on the wave of religious revival is actively included in the public sphere, is clearly represented in various social projects, including family, so that religion gradually increases its authority and influence.&#x0D; In this situation, facing the complex challenges facing the family, the religious and secular worlds are forced to seek such forms of communion in order to jointly solve the problems that have arisen. Ukraine still has to overcome mutual distrust, ignorance of opportunities of each other, accumulate resources, since both the church and the state work on one subject - a citizen of the state and a believer church.

Online Self-Management Support for Family Caregivers to Help Them Manage Behavior Changes in Their Relative With Dementia: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial and a Process Evaluation.

BackgroundOnline interventions are potentially effective ways to support family caregivers in the management of behavior changes in their relative with dementia.ObjectiveThe objective of this paper is to present the design of a study evaluating and comparing 3 intervention arms for online self-management support.MethodsA randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted with a total of 81 family caregivers of community-dwelling people with dementia in the Netherlands. Family caregivers will be randomly allocated to one of the following intervention arms: (1) a major self-management support intervention consisting of personal email contacts with a nurse specialized in dementia care, online videos, and electronic bulletins (e-bulletins); (2) a medium self-management support intervention consisting of only online videos and e-bulletins; and (3) a minor self-management support intervention with only e-bulletins. The primary outcome is the self-efficacy of the family caregiver. The secondary outcomes are the behavior problems of the person with dementia as reported by the family caregiver, and positive and negative aspects of the relationship. Background characteristics (eg, type of family relationship) will also be assessed. All data for the RCT will be collected via online questionnaires, administered before the intervention (T0), after 6 weeks (T1), and after 12 weeks (T2). Alongside the RCT, a process evaluation will be conducted, based on a number of evaluation questions and semi-open interviews with family caregivers.ResultsData collection will be completed in August 2017. Study results will be reported in early 2018.ConclusionsThe study will shed more light on the effect of online self-management support interventions and insights will be gained into whether a major intervention, consisting of personal email contacts with specialized nurses, videos, and e-bulletins, has more effect than smaller online interventions. This is relevant in an age with increasing numbers of people with dementia, growing pressure on family caregivers, more and more people using the Internet, and increasing healthcare costs.Trial RegistrationNederlands Trial Registry (NTR): NTR6237; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=6237 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6v0S4fxTC)

Family Relationships and Well-Being.

Family relationships are enduring and consequential for well-being across the life course. We discuss several types of family relationships—marital, intergenerational, and sibling ties—that have an important influence on well-being. We highlight the quality of family relationships as well as diversity of family relationships in explaining their impact on well-being across the adult life course. We discuss directions for future research, such as better understanding the complexities of these relationships with greater attention to diverse family structures, unexpected benefits of relationship strain, and unique intersections of social statuses.

Genetic Influence on Accessory Navicular Bone in the Foot: A Korean Twin and Family Study.

An accessory navicular bone (AN) is the most common accessory ossicle in the foot. The presence of an AN bone can trigger various foot problems, such as posterior tibial tendon pathology, flattening of the medial longitudinal arch, and medial foot pain. Despite the clinical influence of presence of an AN in foot disease, the research regarding its inheritance is still insufficient. A total of 135 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins, 25 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins, and 676 singletons from families were enrolled in order to estimate genetic influences on AN. After confirmation of zygosity and family relationship with a tandem repeat marker kit and questionnaires, the presence and type of the AN was classified through bilateral feet radiographic examination. The heritability of an AN was estimated using quantitative genetic analysis based on a variance decomposition model considering various types of family relationships: father-offspring pair, mother-offspring pair, and pooled DZ twin and sibling pairs. As a result, approximately 40.96% of the participants in this study had an AN in either foot, with type II being the most common type. The heritability for the presence of any type of an AN in any foot was estimated as 0.88 (95% CI [0.82, 0.94]) after adjusting for age and sex. Specifically, type II AN showed the highest heritability of 0.82 (95% CI [0.71-0.93]). The high heritability of an AN found in this large twin and family study suggests that an AN is determined by the substantial influence of genetic factor.

Familial Clustering ofStaphylococcus aureusBacteremia in First-Degree Relatives

A genetic predisposition to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia has been demonstrated in animals, suggesting that genetic differences might influence susceptibility to S aureus in humans. To determine whether a history of S aureus bacteremia in first-degree relatives increases the rate of the disease, and whether this rate is affected by the type of family relationship (that is, parent or sibling) or by how the relative acquired the infection. Register-based nationwide cohort study (1992 to 2011). Denmark. First-degree relatives (children or siblings) of patients previously hospitalized with S aureus bacteremia. Poisson regression models were used to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of S aureus bacteremia, with the incidence rate in the population as a reference. 34774 individuals (the exposed cohort) with a first-degree relative (index case patient) previously hospitalized with S aureus bacteremia were followed up for a median of 7.8 years (interquartile range, 3.6 to 13.0). A higher rate of S aureus bacteremia was observed among these first-degree relatives (SIR, 2.49 [95% CI, 1.95 to 3.19]) than in the background population. The estimate was significantly higher if the index case patient was a sibling (SIR, 5.01 [CI, 3.30 to 7.62]) than a parent (SIR, 1.96 [CI, 1.45 to 2.67]; interaction P< 0.0001). No interaction was observed regarding the sex of the first-degree relative (interaction P for parents= 0.85; interaction P for siblings= 0.92). Stratifying by disease acquisition revealed the highest rates in individuals exposed to index case patients with non-hospital-acquired infection. Few were infected with genetically identical bacteremia isolates. The rarity of the outcome limited the number of variables in the multiple regression analysis, and whether nonsignificant interactions were true or caused by insufficient statistical power remains uncertain. A significant familial clustering of S aureus bacteremia was found, with the greatest relative rate of disease observed in individuals exposed to siblings with a history of the disease. The Danish Heart Foundation and the Christian Larsen and Judge Ellen Larsen Foundation.