Types Of Delinquency Research Articles

아동·청소년의 복합범죄피해와 비행 유형간의 관련성에 관한 연구

This study investigates the relationships between poly-victimization and the types of delinquency in children and adolescents based on the concept of poly-victimization and the perspective of victim-offender overlap. This study hypothesizes that poly-victimization can affect the participation of the types of delinquency; the types of delinquency can affect poly-victimization; self-control, parental attachment, delinquent peers, and deviant lifestyle can be the factors to influence the relationships between poly-victimization and the types of delinquency. Korean Crime Victim Survey(VIII): Juvenile victimization in 2017 data are used to test hypotheses. Association analysis is used to examine the association between the types of victimization and the types of delinquency. Path analysis with ordinal response variables is used to test the relationships between poly-victimization and the types of delinquency controlling with self-control, parental attachment, delinquent peers, and deviant lifestyle. The results show that the types of victimization are positively associated with the types delinquency; victimization increases the participation of status delinquency, assaults, property crime, and bullying; status delinquency increases victimization; self-control, parental attachment, delinquent peers, and deviant lifestyle can be the factors to influence the relationships between poly-victimization and the types of delinquency; gender and school grade(age) are related to victimization and the types of delinquency. The findings suggest that victimization can develop the various types of delinquency and status delinquency can develop victimization; the relationships between poly-victimization and delinquency can be explained by the process of poly-victimization affecting delinquency and the process of delinquency affecting poly-victimization; self-control and deviant lifestyle consistently influence the relationships between poly-victimization and the types of delinquency.

Analisis Kenakalan Remaja: Studi Kasus pada MAN 2 Padangsidimpuan

This study aims to analyze juvenile delinquency at MAN 2 Padangsidimpuan. It consists of the types of delinquency, the causal factors, and the efforts of the counseling teacher in alleviating juvenile delinquency. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The research subjects were students, counseling teachers, subject teachers, homeroom teachers, and parents of students taken using the snowball sampling technique. Research instruments used observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study found: 1) Types of delinquency that occurred; smoking, skipping school, not doing homework, leaving the house without saying goodbye to parents, coming home late at night, fighting, bullying; 2) The factor of delinquency; environmental factors, wrong perceptions of subject teachers and learning activities, often delaying and neglecting assignments, lack of parental attention, abused solidarity, having wrong perceptions of others; 2) The efforts of the counseling teacher in alleviating juvenile delinquency are; providing information, supervising student activities through collaboration with subject teachers and parents, providing individual counseling services, group guidance, and content mastery services to improve student skills in certain fields.
 Keywords: juvenile delinquency, the efforts of the counseling teacher.

Analisis Kenakalan Remaja: Studi Kasus pada MAN 2 Padangsidimpuan

This study aims to analyze juvenile delinquency at MAN 2 Padangsidimpuan. It consists of the types of delinquency, the causal factors, and the efforts of the counseling teacher in alleviating juvenile delinquency. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The research subjects were students, counseling teachers, subject teachers, homeroom teachers, and parents of students taken using the snowball sampling technique. Research instruments used observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study found: 1) Types of delinquency that occurred; smoking, skipping school, not doing homework, leaving the house without saying goodbye to parents, coming home late at night, fighting, bullying; 2) The factor of delinquency; environmental factors, wrong perceptions of subject teachers and learning activities, often delaying and neglecting assignments, lack of parental attention, abused solidarity, having wrong perceptions of others; 2) The efforts of the counseling teacher in alleviating juvenile delinquency are; providing information, supervising student activities through collaboration with subject teachers and parents, providing individual counseling services, group guidance, and content mastery services to improve student skills in certain fields.
 Keywords: Juvenile delinquency, the efforts of the counseling teacher

Screening for disruptive behavior in adolescents at risk using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire.

Disruptive behavior in adolescents is burdensome and may continue into adulthood if left unidentified. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) can screen for disruptive behavior, but its psychometric properties in high-risk samples and ability to predict delinquency warrant further investigation. In 1022 adolescents, we investigated the predictive validity (on average 1.9 years after screening) of the self-reported SDQ on disruptive behavior disorders and delinquency, measured with multi-informant questionnaires and structured interviews. We compared three scoring methods: total, subscale, and dysregulation profile scoring. In this high-risk sample, SDQ subscale scores predicted disruptive behavior outcomes best. Predictive values for the specific types of delinquency were small. Concluding, the SDQ can be used in high-risk settings for early identification of youth with disruptive behavior.

Parental Monitoring, Exposure to Family Violence, and Delinquency: A Latent Class Analysis on Arizona Youth

ABSTRACT For youth between the 8th and the 12th grades, parents and adult caretakers play a critical role in shaping their behaviors. The parent-youth relationship has several important dimensions, and each plays a unique role in preventing youth delinquency. The current study seeks to explore the heterogeneity among youth in Arizona regarding parental neglect, parental monitoring, and exposure to family violence. We further investigated how these family characteristics correlated with self-reported delinquency. We analyzed survey data collected from a sample of youth from Arizona (n = 38,945) and used latent class analysis (LCA) to capture these family properties. We identified a five-group model suggesting that these dimensions did not necessarily overlap. We also found that group membership was correlated with self-reported arrests as well as multiple delinquent behaviors. Youth with low exposure to family violence and from families with effective monitoring had the lowest probability of engaging in delinquent behaviors. Insufficient parental monitoring and exposure to family violence had slightly different correlates for different types of delinquency.

Понятие и виды гражданской деликтоспособности лиц с психическими расстройствами

The forecasts of psychiatrists about the number of people suffering from mental disorders in the world and in Russia are disappointing: the prevalence of mental illnesses will steadily increase. As the number of such individuals increases, the likelihood of them causing harm increases. There are no norms in Russian civil law that would allow giving an unambiguous answer about their ability to bear tort liability. In the scientific literature, the issues of delinquency of the mentally ill are controversial. Purpose. The author set a goal to analyze various scientific approaches to the concept, content and place of delinquency in the structure of legal personality; to distinguish between three types of delinquency of persons with mental disorders: incapacitated, limited legal capacity and persons unable to understand the meaning of their actions or manage them at the time of harm (capable). Methodology. The general principles of scientific knowledge (comprehensiveness, consistency, objectivity, methodological pluralism), the general philosophical method (dialectical), general scientific methods of cognition (comparison, ascent from the abstract to the particular), general logical methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) are used as a methodological basis for the study, generalization, classification, abstraction), special-legal methods (formal-legal, method of interpreting the rules of law, dogmatic). Results. The author comes to the conclusion that not all persons with a mental disorder have the capacity to delict. Such ability is completely absent in persons recognized as incompetent. Those with limited legal capacity have it in full, the amount of compensation for harm cannot even be reduced due to their mental disorder. Capable tortfeasors are tortious, but can be released from liability. At the same time, all persons with a mental disorder have another element of legal capacity - the ability to create, through their innocent actions, obligations to compensate for the harm they have caused. Conclusion. This article is of interest to the scientific community, since it forms and systematizes the theoretical basis for further research on the legal status of persons with mental disorders in civil law.

Violation of Professional Behavior Towards Nurses in Pakistan: An Ethical Violation in Healthcare Settings

Professional behavior violation is a ravaging issue worldwide. Incidents of violation of professionalism toward nurses are common in every healthcare setting either in public or in private sectors. Nurses are more vulnerable to workspace violence due to the nature of the job and tasks performed by them in healthcare settings. Lack of respect towards the nursing profession in Pakistani society is a significant contributing factor in violation of professional behavior in the workplace toward nurses. 
 An ethical violation is a conduct that is against the code of ethics and policy of the institute. There are many categories of ethical violation in workplace but the nurses are facing mostly sexual harassment, safety violation, discrimination, professional boundaries violation, abusive and threathening behviour on daily basis. There are many reported cases in which nurses experience rape, unwanted sexual deeds, workplace bullying, and physical violence from patients, their family members and other paramedical staff which leads to the psychologically and physically detrimental effects on the health as well as on the career of the nurses. Yet nothing specific has been done to control the ethical violation at the healthcare settings in Pakistan. In Pakistan on the basis of the job description and direct contact of the nurses with patients and their family members, many incidents are yet disclosed because of the lack of security and threatening behavior toward the nurses in Pakistani society. There should be a strict penalty for those who are incriminated in any type of delinquency to help out the nurses to get through from the ethical violation efficiently and in a decent way. A protective and respectful work environment will give life to the nursing profession and improve the image of the nurses in healthcare settings.

Cyberbullying and Delinquency in Adolescence: The Potential Mediating Effects of Social Attachment and Delinquent Peer Association

Adopting the integrated model of General Strain Theory (GST), the current study tested the relations between cyberbullying roles (i.e., cyberbully, cybervictim, and cyberbully-victim) and delinquent behaviors (i.e., physical fighting and substance use), as well as the potential mediating effects of delinquent peer association and perceived social attachment from parents, friends, and teachers. This was conducted in a cross-sectional sample of 12,642 American adolescents via the use of structural equation models. The results indicated that being involved in cyberbullying might be not only directly associated with an increase in delinquent behaviors, but also indirectly via delinquent peer associations and perceived social attachment from parents, friends, and teachers. Furthermore, both direct and indirect (mediating) relationships between cyberbullying and delinquency might depend upon specific cyberbullying roles and the types of delinquency. Potential implications for prevention and intervention strategies were discussed.

Physical Health and Delinquency

While physical health can impact a variety of outcomes, little research has looked at health and delinquency. Through a lens of GST, this study examines whether health moderates the relationships between strain and delinquency and drug use. Data from the 2011 NSDUH were analyzed; results indicated that, for certain strains, very good and excellent health predicted lower risks of committing some types of delinquency and poor/fair health predicted the higher risk. For youth in “no parent” homes in very good health and from some youth with chronic illness, however, the risk of delinquency increased. The overall results dictate the expansion of health programming and the complex findings suggest increased research on the nexus of health and delinquency.

From Imagination to Information: Therapist’s Curiosity and Voyeurism in the Age of Social Media

Today’s easy online access to personal information has redefined the concepts of privacy, disclosure, and boundaries in all forms of relating. The impacts of this on the therapy relationship have also been examined, but almost exclusively in the context of patients pursuing online information about their therapists. In line with the contemporary relational view of therapy as a two-person model, this article aims to address and explore the reverse; in other words, therapists pursuing the readily available online information about their patients. While it is considered clinically inadvisable for the therapist to seek out more information than what the patient chooses to provide, therapists sometimes privately act on their desire to know more about their patients through checking social media accounts or Googling them. Like many other “secret delinquencies” of therapists, it seems that this behavior is kept in the closet; it is not talked about, thus depriving us of the opportunity to examine it and learn from it. This article first explores how and why it clashes with the analytic contract in an effort to bring a more exploratory rather than critical approach to what otherwise might simply be considered wrong. Then, it aims to examine the complex relational dynamics surrounding this behavior and candidly address some of the deeper questions it raises. Case examples as well as a qualitative review of therapists’ personal accounts are used in an effort to situate this particular type of delinquency in a theoretical and clinical context.

Introduction

The introduction presents the theme of this issue by asking what role monasteries played in the genesis of early modern penal practice. While their function as places of incarceration for any of the Tsar’s political opponents who had become disagreeable is widely known, their use as places of custody for various types of delinquency still remains a research desideratum. In Western historiography, however, monasteries have long been the focus of prison history. The article discusses the approach of the multifunctionality of the space of incarceration using Russian empirical material, traces the historiographical foundations and introduces the topics of the four articles of this special issue. The focus on the complexity of the monastic space as a space of confinement illuminates the history of interaction between the secular and ecclesiastical practices of punishment and discipline in 18th-century Russia.

The Effects of Prior Victimization on Delinquency Type among Justice-Involved Youths

ABSTRACT Youth with a history of victimization have an increased risk of delinquency and justice system involvement throughout the life-course but the nature of this relationship is imprecise. This study uses a nationally representative sample of incarcerated youth to examine whether youth with a history of victimization are involved in the justice system for different offenses than non-victimized youth, and the relationship between victimization types (and polyvicitmzation) and offense types. Results indicate that victimized youth were more likely to be system involved for violent offenses, while youths without a history of victimization were more likely to be involved for minor, non-violent offenses.

Assessing the Association between Participation in Extracurricular Activities and Delinquent Behavior among Justice-Involved Young Men.

Extracurricular activities (ECAs) have been found to promote positive youth development and protect against misconduct and minor delinquency. However, little research has examined whether ECA participation predicts delinquency among at-risk young men or considered how delinquent behavior, in turn, impacts ECA participation. This study examined extracurricular participation over three years in a sample of 1,216 justice-involved young men (Mage =15.29). Approximately half of the sample participated in ECA each year. A cross-lagged panel model was used to examine the bidirectional association between ECA participation and two types of delinquency, school misconduct and criminal offending. The results suggest that ECA participation did not consistently predict subsequent delinquency. Rather, justice-involved young men who engaged in more delinquency were less likely to participate in ECAs.

The effects of types of delinquent peer on types of delinquency

The effects of types of delinquent peer on types of delinquency

Quantity or Quality?: Assessing the Role of Household Structure and Parent-Child Relationship in Juvenile Delinquency

ABSTRACT Research investigating the risk factors for delinquency has found that single-parent households are more criminogenic than two-parent households. Using data (N = 4,626) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study expands on prior research by considering various types of households and parent-child relationship, along with three categories of delinquency: status offenses, property crimes, and violent crimes. Contrary to previous research, we find that juveniles living in single-parent households are significantly less likely to engage in all three types of delinquency than those from intact and stepparent households. Further, while an increased quantity of parents in the household does not lessen engagement in delinquency, the quality of the parent-child relationship does, as those who have stronger relationships with their parents are at lower risk of delinquent behavior. Our study highlights the importance of distinguishing between different types of delinquency and household structures, as well as how such classifications may influence research findings in this area.

PEMBINAAN KENAKALAN ANAK OLEH YAYASAN SINAI DI SUKOHARJO

Juvenile delinquency is getting more worrying in both developed and developing countries over times. Juvenile delinquency is also a problem with which any family often complains. One of attempts to be taken to deal with juvenile delinquency is to conduct rehabilitation or mentoring. This research aimed to analyze the type of juvenile delinquency and its cause, to find out the form of building and the factors supporting and inhibiting the mentoring. This research employed Max Weber’s Social Action theory. This qualitative research with case study was conducted in Sukoharjo. The sampling technique employed was purposive sampling technique. The informant of research consists of Chairperson and Mentors of Children in SINAI Foundation of Sukoharjo, and children who have ever committed delinquency and live in SINAI Foundation. Data was collected through observation, in-depth interview, and documentation. To validate the data, source triangulation was used. Technique of analyzing data used was Miles and Huberman’s interactive analysis model. The result of research showed that type of delinquency committed by children residing SINAI Foundation is non-conform action including escaping from home or foundation and playing truant, and antisocial or asocial action including not paying transportation ticket or cost when going by public transportation and large vehicles crossing the road. The cause of delinquency committed by children residing SINAI Foundation included internal and external factors. Internal factor included wish coming from inside. External factor included family environment, economic condition, and friendship environment. The form of children mentoring conducted by SINAI foundation included mental spiritual building, skill building, and discipline building. The factor supporting the mentor was a belief inside assuming that mentoring the needy children was the form of worship to God and that fellow human beings should help each other. Meanwhile the factors supporting the child to attend the mentoring were the presence of complete and feasible facilities for residence and the fulfilled daily need, the access to education and the presence of friends or relatives living there. The factor inhibiting the Mentor included queer SINAI Foundation resident’s queer behavior and sometimes accident occurring during mentoring or treatment. The factor inhibiting the children attending the mentoring was the Mentor’s resoluteness making them sometimes upset and longing for seeing their parents.

Hanging Out with the Wrong Crowd? The Role of Unstructured Socializing in Adolescents’ Specialization in Delinquency and Substance Use

Despite abundant attention to offending specialization in criminology, scholars have only recently started to explore opportunity-driven explanations for within-individual patterns of specialization. The current study examines whether unstructured socializing with specific friends can explain within-individual changes in adolescents’ degree of specialization in delinquency and substance use. Data were derived from the PROSPER Peers Project, a longitudinal study consisting of five waves of data on 11,183 adolescents (aged 10 to 17). The data include self-reports about engagement in delinquency and substance use, sociometric information, and information on the time respondents reported spending in unstructured socializing with their nominated friends. Hypotheses were tested with negative binomial and binomial logit multilevel models. The findings indicate that involvement in unstructured socializing with friends who steal, vandalize, commit violence, use alcohol, use cigarettes, or use drugs enhances adolescents’ risks for engagement in those respective behaviors. Such activity affects adolescents’ quantitative engagement as well as their level of specialization in these behaviors. The study indicates that routine activity—in particular involvement in unstructured socializing—explains within-individual changes in deviance specialization among adolescents. Thus, exposure to opportunities can explain why adolescents specialize in certain types of delinquency and substance use in one time-period, and in other types of behavior in other time-periods. This adds a proximate explanation for this phenomenon to other explanations that focus on local life circumstances and peer group affiliation.

The association between psychopathy and delinquency in juveniles: A three-level meta-analysis

Abstract Background Psychopathy has repeatedly been linked with delinquency and criminal recidivism of adults. With the increase of studies examining psychopathic traits in juveniles, it is important to also study this association in juveniles to increase the effectiveness of preventive interventions for juvenile delinquency. Purpose The primary aim of the present meta-analysis was to examine the association between psychopathic traits and delinquency in juveniles. The second aim was to examine which factors (i.e., type of delinquency, type of psychopathic trait, and other study- and participant characteristics) moderate the association between psychopathy and juvenile delinquent behavior. Method The data were analyzed in three-level meta-analytic models. Results In total, 87 studies were included, which used 74 independent samples and reported on 358 effect sizes. Psychopathy was moderately and positively associated with juvenile delinquency (r = 0.24, p Conclusion Psychopathy in juveniles is associated with current and future offense behavior. Therefore, assessing psychopathy in juveniles is important for strengthening intervention efforts targeting juvenile delinquency.

School Characteristics, Strain, and Adolescent Delinquency: a Test of Macro-Level Strain Theory in China

Despite the important role of schools in influencing juvenile delinquency, limited research has investigated the contextual effects of schools on delinquency. Using the framework of macro-level strain theory, this study investigates the effects of school-level strain on delinquent behavior among Chinese adolescents. The sample comprises 1411 adolescents from 32 middle schools in Guangzhou, a large city in Southern China. Results from multilevel regression models show that school-aggregated level of strain is positively associated with both self-destructive and other-directed delinquent behaviors, after adjusting for individual strain and other sociodemographic variables. Specifically, school-level anticipated educational goal blockage and negative treatment by teachers are positively associated with self-destructive behavior, whereas school mean level of negative treatment by peers is positively related to other-directed behavior. Although individual-level strain is positively associated with both types of delinquency, it only partially mediates the effect of school-level strain on self-destructive delinquent behavior. This study also investigates whether school-level variables may condition the strain-delinquency relationship. The results show a significant interaction between personal strain and overall delinquent schoolmates on both self- and other-directed delinquent behaviors, indicating that school-level delinquent peers significantly exacerbate the effect of strain on delinquent behaviors. These findings suggest that the effort to reduce juvenile delinquency should target practices to alleviate both individual strain and aggregate strain, and provide more resources and support for students, particularly those in schools with substantial disruptive student behaviors, to legitimately cope with strains.

Relational Strains and Delinquency: Assessing the Gendering of Emotions’ Claims among Chinese Adolescents*

This study assesses the gendering of emotions’ claims in an understudied population, that is, adolescents in mainland China. Specifically, it examines gender variations in the emotional reactions to relational strains and gendered responses to emotions with types of delinquency. Data drawn from over 500 middle‐school students from an urban city in China yield results in support of general strain theory in most respects, but culture‐specific patterns are noted. In general, Chinese boys and girls respond to different domains of relational strains, and relational strains are more strongly associated with depression than anger. Furthermore, boys respond to relational strains with anger more often than do girls, whereas girls and boys are about equal in responding to strains with depression. Gender differences are observed concerning responses to emotions with delinquency. Boys are more likely than girls to use aggression in response to anger and depression, whereas no gender differences are manifested in the reaction to emotions with non‐aggressive delinquency. Gender patterns are also noted in the assessment of negative emotions as mediators of the strain–delinquency relationship. We address these findings along with other observations in light of general strain theory and sociocultural factors pertinent to mainland China.