Cooperative Type Research Articles

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE GROUP INVESTIGATION (GI) BERBANTU AUDIO VISUAL TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X SMAN 3 PEKANBARU

This study aims to determine the effect of the group investigation cooperative learning model assisted by audio visual aids on the motivation and learning outcomes of class X SMAN 3 Pekanbaru. This research was conducted in class X of SMAN 3 Pekanbaru in the 2022/2023 Academic Year. The research design used was quasi-experimental, using the matching only pretest posttest control design. The research sample was class X students with 36 experimental and 36 control classes respectively taken by Simple Random Sampling. Data collection was carried out through pretest, posttest and observation sheets. Based on the research results obtained for the learning motivation questionnaire value in the control class was 2.48 with a percentage value of 62.10% in the medium category, while for the learning motivation questionnaire value in the experimental class given the treatment of cooperative learning model group investigation type of 2,97 with a percentage value of 74.47% in the high category. Based on these categories, there was an increase in learning motivation in the experimental class which was given treatment with the group investigation type cooperative learning model assisted by audio-visual aids. For the mean N-Gain in the control class 0.29 (low), while in the experimental class 0.52 (moderate). On the results of the N-Gain t-test the value of Sig. (2-tailed) Equal variances not assumed on the output of the Independent sample test value is 0.000 <0.05 then reject Ho which means that there is a significant difference between the N-Gain control class which is given treatment with conventional learning and the experimental class which is given treatment with cooperative learning model with the type of group investigation assisted by audio visual which shows an increase in learning outcomes. Thus learning using the cooperative learning model type group investigation assisted by audio visual aids in virus material affects the motivation and learning outcomes of class X SMAN 3 Pekanbaru in the 2022/2023 Academic Year.

Community detection and service discovery on Social Internet of Things

SummaryDue to the increasing growth of objects and problems such as increased traffic, overload, delay in response, and low search volume in the service discovery process in the complex Social Internet of Things (SIoT) environment, we provide an effective mechanism in the service discovery process by grouping objects based on common criteria that help us improve service search performance. In this article, we present a new method for clustering objects so that we can group objects that have common services and can work together. Hence, we create a set of different associations for the type of service and reciprocal cooperation of objects. With its help, instead of a global network search, we can perform service searches locally more efficiently and ensure the accuracy and correctness of searches and their answers. Then, we have provided a new mechanism for the service discovery process. In addition, we categorized communities based on their size to compare our proposed algorithm with other approaches using factors such as modularity in SIoT. Finally, we achieved sufficient efficiency in service discovery (86.81% and 88.28%) and demonstrated better performance of the proposed approach in identifying communities.

Flight Reservation System

Flight Reservation System

비대면 원격수업에 대한 MBTI 선호지표별 학습환경 만족도와 학습양식 분석

Objectives This study aimed to analyze learners' reactions to non-face-to-face classes using the MBTI personality type test and learning style test as tools for students who entered high school during the COVID-19 crisis. In detail, the focus was on revealing the differences in perception, satisfaction, and learning styles for non-face- to-face classes according to the intensity of each preference index of the MBTI personality type. Ultimately, in designing non-face-to-face remote classes, the purpose was to be used as a material to improve the learning effect of learners by considering individual personality differences.
 Methods The MBTI personality type test was conducted by sampling 207 second graders of K High School located in Guro-gu, Seoul, who experienced remote and school classes at the same time after entering high school. Afterwards, the recognition and satisfaction of non-face-to-face remote classes and learning style tests were conducted, and the results of a total of 140 students, 61 boys and 79 girls, who agreed to this study, were analyzed. The results derived through factor analysis and variance analysis (ANOVA) using the statistical program SPSS 22 are as follows.
 Results First, there was no significant difference in perception of the learning environment by 16 types of MBTI, but there was a significant difference in perception function among preference indicators. Depending on the strength of the recognition function, differences were recognized for the face-to-face and non-face-to-face learning environments in the order of obvious intuition (N), slight sense (S), and slight intuition (N). Second, there was no significant difference in satisfaction with the non-face-to-face learning environment by strength of both MBTI personality type and preference index. Third, cooperative, participatory, and avoidance types showed significant differences in learning styles by 16 personality types of MBTI, but competitive types did not show significant differences. ENFJ for cooperative type, INTJ for participatory type, and ENTP for avoidance type showed the greatest tendency. Fourth, there was a significant difference in the learning styles of cooperative, participatory, and avoidance according to the strength of the MBTI preference index. Cooperative types were clearly extroverted (E), clearly intuitive (N), clearly emotional (F), clearly recognized (P), participating types were clearly/slightly introverted (I), slightly intuitive (N), slightly judged (T), slightly avoided (P), slightly extroverted (E), clearly sensed (S), and clearly recognized (P).
 Conclusions This study suggested that there is a clear difference in the learning environment and learning style according to the strength of the 16 MBTI personality types and preference indicators. Accordingly, it suggests that it is important to prepare conditions to effectively increase the learning effect by providing a learning environment and learning type suitable for the learner's personality type and tendency.

Learning from Cooperatives to Strengthen Economic Bicameralism

Bicameral firms can generate societal benefits both directly, by granting representatives of labor investors voice in shaping firm decision-making, and more indirectly, by serving as a transition phase from capital investor–owned firms to worker cooperatives. However, there is room to augment these benefits by leveraging insights from research on cooperatives. This article draws lessons from three types of cooperatives—traditional worker cooperatives, multistakeholder cooperatives, and union cooperatives—to help refine Ferreras's proposal for bicameral firms. First, bicameral firms should offer labor investors more opportunities to participate in firm governance and hold their representatives to account. Second, they should create robust channels for other stakeholders to influence firm decision-making. Third, they should carefully delineate the role of labor unions vis-à-vis the Chamber of Representatives of the Labour Investors. These refinements will better position bicameral firms to achieve their direct benefits and facilitate subsequent transitions to worker cooperatives.

Frontline governmental cooperation in environmental governance: A case analysis on the ecological demonstration zone in China

This study investigates the establishment of the Yangtze River Delta Eco-Green Integrated Development Demonstration Zone (also known as Ecological Demonstration Zone). During the inspection and acceptance process of the higher-level government, the authors identified two distinct types of government cooperation between frontline environmental policy implementers and middle-level government, as well as the public. The new interaction emphasizes cooperation between implementers and the public, while the traditional interaction involves collaboration between implementers and the government. This research aims to comprehend the underlying reasons for the shift in the targeted interaction of frontline government in environmental governance. The study uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to explore the cooperation dynamics in the implementation of environmental policies and to uncover that the power to promote the interaction of frontline governments in environmental governance comes from institutional change factors such as fuzzy task models and qualitative on-site inspections and acceptances by higher-level governments.

INTERACTION AS AN ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FORM OF COOPERATION BETWEEN ENTITIES

The article attempts to interpret the term «interaction», to show different variants of its use in scientific works. The article marks out features that make it possible to specify the legal composition of interaction and the possibility of using this kind of interconnections of entities in legal constructions. The article conducts a comparison of such different types of interconnections as subordination, coordination, control, interaction. Purpose: to show the legal component of the term «interaction», to compare the types of relationships of entities performing joint activities, to highlight the features of the interconnections that arise in this process, to focus on the use of these concepts in their legal meaning. Methods: the comparative method is used when comparing the features of interconnections arising in the process of cooperation of public authorities; the method of formal logic shows the features of interaction of subjects of law; the method of functional analysis gives the opportunity to emphasize the unity of functions of executive and administrative bodies that enter into interaction. The author’s vision of the term «interaction» is presented, its distinctive features are given, which allow defining interaction as a special type of cooperation of subjects of law. The article shows distinguishing features of such relationships of public authorities as subordination, coordination, control, supervision.

Separate problems of extraterritorial executive jurisdiction of States in cyberspace.

The emergence and active use of information and communication technologies, primarily the Internet, has led to the fact that States exercise such a type of extraterritorial executive jurisdiction as direct access to data stored on the territory of another State. The implementation of such actions is permissible in the case when the data is publicly available or access is carried out with the consent of the State. More controversial is the situation when the data is obtained with the legal and voluntary consent of a person who has the legal authority to disclose them. Indirect cross-border access to information carried out by sending a request to an information service provider obliging, according to national legislation, to disclose information about its subscribers, regardless of its actual location, can also be regarded as contrary to international law. In this regard, States continue to be guided by requests for international legal assistance, which does not contribute to the effective investigation of crimes related to the use of ICT and does not take into account the nature of electronic evidence. The deepening of international cooperation within regional associations leads to the risk of the formation of country clusters, within which there are necessary procedures for cooperation between participants, but which, in relation to other countries, are limited to "traditional" types of international cooperation that do not take into account the peculiarities of electronic evidence. Thus, it is necessary to develop common standards for remote access to data located on servers and devices located on the territory of a foreign state. Such documents should define procedures and rules for obtaining the consent of a person with authority for cross-border data disclosure, expand universal international cooperation, including by recognizing the possibility of sending direct requests for the provision of certain information about subscribers to information service providers, establish mechanisms for disclosure by information service providers of data under their control, but stored on servers, located on the territory of foreign states.

SEIZURE AND CONFISCATION AS AN EFFECTIVE MEANS OF COMBATING TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME∗

Transnational organized crime and the fight against it are big challenges for the world. That is why international cooperation plays an important role in the fight against transnational organized crime. Two types of international cooperation should be distinguished: the cooperation between courts and judicial institutions and international police cooperation. In Georgian legislation, they are sharply separated from each other. The Law of Georgia “On International Cooperation in the Field of Criminal Law” regulates international cooperation between courts and judicial cooperation. The mentioned law is one of the important documents from the point of view of international cooperation. It regulates matters related to the revealing of legal aid in criminal cases, extradition, forwarding of criminal case materials or their duly certified copies, execution of judgments, international cooperation related to confiscation of property, and transfer of persons sentenced to imprisonment. The article will directly discuss confiscation as a mechanism of fighting against transnational organized crime based on the Palermo Convention and the law of Georgia, “On International Cooperation in the Field of Criminal Law”. The norms governing confiscation in the Criminal Code will be discussed, as well as the Civil Code of Georgia, the provisions of which provide the opportunity to file a lawsuit for confiscation of property.

Improving Student Learning Outcomes of Cooperative Social Studies Learning Model Type of Think Pair Share (TPS) Class IV SD

Abstract
 Starting from the problem that: Teachers often teach lessons using the lecture method, question and answer so that students feel bored in learning. In the learning process the teacher is active while the students are passive, because student learning is more individual in nature so that the student scores are much below average. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be seen that the results of the planning cycle I meeting I was 68, meeting II increased to 82 and in cycle II meeting I became 89. The results of teacher and student activities in cycle I meeting I were 69, meeting II increased to 81 and cycle II meeting I became 93. Social studies learning outcomes for class IV SDN 15 Patamuan District can be increased by using the Think Pair Share (TPS) Type Cooperative Model. The average results of the assessment of the two aspects of assessment, namely cognitive and affective, are as follows: Cycle I, meeting I was an average of 62.81 and meeting II, the average rose to 70.93. In cycle II, social studies learning outcomes were an average of 76.87. So by using the Cooperative Model Type Think Pair Share (TPS) social studies learning outcomes of students can be increased.
 Keywords: learning outcomes; social studies learning; cooperative model type think pair share; SD

An Enhanced Dynamic Spectrum Allocation Method on Throughput Maximization in Urban 5G FBMC Heterogeneous Network

Reports have shown that the demand for data managed by wireless systems is expected to grow by more than 500 exabytes by 2025 and beyond. 5G networks are predicted to meet these demands, provided that the spectrum resources are well managed. In this paper, an enhanced dynamic spectrum allocation (E-DSA) method is proposed, which incorporates a cooperative type of game theory called the Nash bargaining solution (NBS). It was assumed that there is one primary user (PU) and two secondary users (SU) in the network and their spectrum allocation was analyzed by testing the validity of the algorithm itself by using price weight factors to control the costs of the spectrum sharing. The solution was established by combining a proposed multiplexing method called the Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) for 5G configuration, with the E-DSA algorithm to maximize the throughput of a heterogeneous 5G network. It was shown that the throughputs for 5G with E-DSA implementation were always higher than those of the ones without E-DSA. The simulation was done using the LabVIEW communication software and was analyzed based on a 5G urban macro and micro network configuration to validate the heterogeneity of the network.

APPLICATION OF NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER (NHT) COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODELS IN IMPROVING LEARNING OUTCOMES ON SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN GRADE IV OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Model cooperative learning Numbered Head Together (NHT) in teaching and learning activities in social studies with the subject matter of the social problems in the fourth grade Elementary School Superior Lampeuneurut. The formulation of this research through cooperative learning increases learning motivation, self-confidence. The purpose of this study is to determine learning motivation, self-confidence and improve student learning outcomes. Classroom Action Research (PTK) in grade IV SD Negeri Unggul Lampeuneurut students were carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementing, acting, observing and reflecting. The results of this study obtained Activities teachers during the first cycle obtained an average score of 3, 61 (72.30%), including both categories and activities students gain an average score of 3.38 (67.5%) were included in both categories. Activities during the second cycle teachers earn an average score of 4, 54 (90.90%) and included in the excellent category. Activity of students during cooperative learning NHT in the second cycle obtain an average value of 4, 5 (90%) including category very well. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that learning social problems by applying the cooperative model type NHT increases the completeness of learning outcomes in grade IV students. SD Negeri Unggul Lampeuneurut. The increase in the average acquisition score of the first cycle of 65, 83 (54.16%), the second cycle of 75.83 (66.66%) increased by 12.5%.

Cooperative Bond Activation and Catalytic CO2 Functionalization with a Geometrically Constrained Bis(silylene)-Stabilized Borylene

Metal-ligand cooperativity has emerged as an important strategy to tune the reactivity of transition-metal complexes for the catalysis and activation of small molecules. Studies of main-group compounds, however, are scarce. Here, we report the synthesis, structural characterization, and reactivity of a geometrically constrained bis(silylene)-stabilized borylene. The one-pot reaction of [(SiNSi)Li(OEt2)] (SiNSi = 4,5-bis(silylene)-2,7,9,9-tetramethyl-9H-acridin-10-ide) with 1 equiv of [BBr3(SMe2)] in toluene at room temperature followed by reduction with 2 equiv of potassium graphite (KC8) leads to borylene [(SiNSi)B] (1), isolated as blue crystals in 45% yield. X-ray crystallography shows that borylene (1) has a tricoordinate boron center with a distorted T-shaped geometry. Computational studies reveal that the HOMO of 1 represents the lone pair orbital on the boron center and is delocalized over the Si-B-Si unit, while the geometric perturbation significantly increases its energy. Borylene (1) shows single electron transfer reactivity toward tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3), forming a frustrated radical pair [(SiNSi)B]•+[B(C6F5)3]•-, which can be trapped by its reaction with PhSSPh, affording an ion pair [(SiNSi)BSPh][PhSB(C6F5)3] (3). Remarkably, the cooperation between borylene and silylene allows the facile cleavage of the N-H bond of aniline, the P-P bond in white phosphorus, and the C═O bond in ketones and carbon dioxide, thus representing a new type of main-group element-ligand cooperativity for the activation of small molecules. In addition, 1 is a strikingly effective catalyst for carbon dioxide reduction. Computational studies reveal that the cooperation between borylene and silylene plays a key role in the catalytic chemical bond activation process.

The influence of script-type cooperative learning model on student learning activities

This study aimed to determine the effect of the learning model Cooperative Type Script Against Student Learning Activities. The method used in this study is an experimental research method using a research design experiment that aims to determine the difference in the increase in student learning activities who learn to use the Learning Model Cooperative Type Script (experimental class) with students who do not use conventional learning models (control class) in economics subjects, observations are used to see teacher activities and. This study's results indicate differences in student learning activities between the experimental class and the control class after doing the treatment. The experimental class uses a script-type cooperative learning model, and the control class uses a conventional method. This is shown in the results of the analysis. It can be seen that the value of tcount is greater than ttable or 2.717 2.002. This is following the Asymp. Sig. value of 0.009 which is less than the value of 0.05. So there are differences in student learning activities after treatment in the experimental and control classes.

Evolutionary games with environmental feedbacks under an external incentive mechanism

Compared with the mandatory personal carbon trading, mechanisms that encourage individuals to voluntarily participate in carbon emission reduction are more easily accepted, such as the CGSP (Carbon Generalized System of Preferences) project in Guangdong Province, China. Carbon emission reduction, as a joint effort of multiple generations, involves interest conflicts between individuals and groups in one single generation, as well as multigenerational conflicts. By establishing the interaction between local environmental quality and individual returns, we build a public goods game with environmental feedback to simulate ecological and social coevolution. In this game with the CGSP mechanism, cooperators who reduce carbon emissions receive carbon credits, with which they can exchange for welfare funds to invest in environmental protection (denoted as AC) or for goods to improve their personal payoffs (BC). Individuals who do not contribute anything to improve the environment are called defectors (D). To study the impact of CGSP as an external incentive mechanism on cooperation, we explore the stationary states of three systems. In addition, we study the mechanisms behind some phases and phase transitions by monitoring the spatial distribution of strategies and the environmental quality of each region. The results show that a higher subsidy is not always better, whether cooperators exchange carbon credits for goods or welfare funds. Furthermore, ACs can effectively improve the spatial competitiveness of BC clusters, but BCs as ‘second-order free-riders’ can inhibit the spread of ACs. Indirect territorial competition between two types of cooperators can solve such a ‘second-order social dilemma’.

Normalized solutions to a non-variational Schrödinger system

We establish the existence of positive normalized (in the $L^2$ sense) solutions to non-variational weakly coupled elliptic systems of $\ell$ equations. We consider couplings of both cooperative and competitive type. We show the problem can be formulated as an operator equation on the product of $\ell$ $L^2$-spheres and apply a degree-theoretical argument on this product to obtain existence.

The role of trust in the adoption of cooperative arrangement types in e-credentials markets

The interest in digital identities has increased considerably in academia and practice in recent years. This can be seen by the many electronic identity projects worldwide and the numerous published studies that provide insightful narratives and descriptive case findings about success factors and barriers to the adoption of national authentication infrastructures. In this paper, we take a closer look to the role of trust on the design and implementation of a nation-wide e-credential market. We argue that trust in political and economic institutions can be an important factor to explain differences in the chosen cooperative arrangement which can range from monopolistic, purely state-controlled e-credential markets, to polypolistic, decentralized e-credential markets where also private vendors offer state recognized e-ID on their own or in partnership with the government. Following an inductive reasoning process, we develop three testable propositions which may inspire further empirical research and offer practitioners a new angle to rethink e-credential markets in the light of citizen trust in political and economic institutions.

Xchange and cooperation between Korea and Kazakhstan to overcome Covid-19 (Focusing on Newspaper articles from 『Hаnin Shinmun』 and 『Kore Ilbo』 in 2020-21 years)

During the past 2020-21, COVID-19 has had a profound impact on our lives to the extent of changing the paradigm of life. In this paper, I paid attention to the exchange and cooperation between Kazakhstan and Korea to overcome COVID-19 in 2020-21. In other words, I looked at how COVID-19 affected exchanges and cooperation between Kazakhstan and Korea during that period. In other words, what types of exchanges and cooperation took place, and whether exchanges and cooperation decreased or increased compared to the previous period. To see specific examples of exchange and cooperation between Kazakhstan and Korea to overcome COVID-19, I used articles from 『Hanin Shinmun』 (The Korean Newspaper), the representative weekly magazine of the korean community from Republic of Korea in Kazakhstan, and 『Kore Ilbo』, the representative weekly magazine of the Koryein community(ethnic korean from Kazakhstan). In the article search process, I preferentially included articles that directly show the mutual exchange and cooperation between Kazakhstan and Korea related to COVID-19. In addition, although not related to COVID-19, I also included articles showing general mutual exchanges and cooperation showing the relationship between Kazakhstan and Korea at that time in the scope of the study. This study is meaningful not only in terms of exchange and cooperation to overcome COVID-19, but also in that it can help identify the actual mutual relationship between the two countries. &nbsp

Performance analysis of cooperative spectrum sensing using double dynamic threshold

<p>Increased use of wireless technologies and in turn more utilization of available spectrum is subsequently leading to the increasing demand for wireless spectrum. This research work incorporates spectrum sensing detection consisting of a double dynamic threshold followed by cooperative type spectrum sensing. The performance has been analyzed using two modulation schemes, quadrature-amplitude-modulation (QAM) & binary-phase-shift-keying (BPSK). Improved probability of detection has been witnessed using the double dynamic threshold where a comparison of average values of local decision (LD) and the observed value of energy (EO) has been considered instead of using direct values of local decisions and energy. Further, the probability-of-detection ( ) is found to be better with QAM as compared to the BPSK. From the results, it has been observed that the detection of primary users is also affected by the number of samples. The simulation environment considered for this work is MATLAB and the performance of cooperative spectrum sensing for 500 and 1000 samples with -9db and -12 SNR by considering different false alarm values i. e 0.1,0.3 and 0.5 has been analyzed. The further scope shall be to enhance the primary user detection by considering different QAM schemes and different SNRs.</p>

분산형 직류 전력설비 표준화동향에 대한 고찰

In the electric power industry around the world, standardization activities have been actively carried out in accordance with the spread of renewable energy and the increase in the use of DC power based on a carbon-neutral policy. In particular, standardization of distributed DC power facilities is necessary for the spread of the protection cooperation system and improvement of efficiency, but related studies are lacking. The purpose of this study is to analyze the status of domestic standardization, which is the basis for establishing a national standardization roadmap for distributed DC power facilities, and to suggest the direction of standardization policy. As for the research method, the standardization status of international (IEC), national (KS), and domestic group standards (SPS) related to distributed DC power facilities and established standards were compared and analyzed. As a result of the study, the established KS simply introduced IEC standards, and it is confirmed that SPS does not sufficiently reflect the complementarity with KS or IEC standards. In conclusion, it is necessary to improve the domestic standardization method from the existing partition type to an integrated cooperative type in which IEC, KS, and SPS are harmonized and complementary effects can be expected. This standardization policy is expected to contribute to the establishment of an efficient national standardization roadmap and implementation plan that can help the development of domestic power industry infrastructure.