Cooperative Type Research Articles

Cooperation in common property resource management: A group engagement approach

This study explored motivational cooperative behaviour types as a communal resource in a rural Zimbabwean setting. Using the group engagement model, the study examined motivational cooperative behaviour types in managing in managing water resources. Thirty community residents of Mhondoro-Ngezi District in Zimbabwe participated in the study (female = 13, community leaders = 10). Data were collected through one-on-one interviews. Thematic analysis revealed internal motivations of social altruism in discretionary cooperative behaviours of water conservation and external motivations of sanctions for compliance with customary regulations stipulating use of water sources. Discretionary cooperative behaviours of water conservation were characterised by individual willingness to comply with myths regarding water usage. External motivations of sanctions for compliance with customary regulations were about collective community activities. Motivations for managing a scarce community resource prioritised fair use, access, and sustenance for collective benefit. These findings suggest that voluntariness in cooperation in common property resource management is important for the sustainable use of scarce resources for consideration in community implementation of regulations.

Civil society alliance building in Hong Kong: The case of preservation movements

AbstractVery little research has focused on types of cooperation between different civil society organizations at the domestic level. This article fills this gap by developing the distinction between organization‐based and society‐based cooperation. Examining Hong Kong's unique political system, the paper highlights both types. The Save Our Country Park Alliance (SOCP) exemplifies organization‐centric collaboration, requiring consensus among diverse NGOs, which can hinder decision‐making. Conversely, the Save Lantau Alliance (SLA) demonstrates society‐centric cooperation with flexible, quick mobilization through core active member organizations and collaboration with pro‐democratic groups. Despite the 2020 National Security Law forcing many liberal organizations to disband, the SLA persists in its efforts to preserve Lantau, though it faces increased challenges in an environment hostile to society‐based activism. This distinction enhances our understanding of civil society alliances in varying political contexts.

Nurses' preferences for working in Uber-style ‘Internet plus’ nursing services: A discrete choice experiment

BackgroundChina's ‘Internet Plus’ nursing services, which are Uber-style home care services with an ‘online application, offline service’ approach, have been evolving over the past five years. Registered nurses' preference for these Uber-style Internet Plus nursing services are crucial for improving human resource management and service efficiency, yet research in this area remains scarce. ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore registered nurses' preferences for Uber-style Internet Plus nursing services and provide optimization recommendations from a supply-side perspective. DesignA cross-sectional study utilising a discrete choice experiment. Setting(s)Two public tertiary hospitals located in Tianjin, China, which have implemented Internet Plus nursing services. Participants211 registered nurses who participated in Internet Plus nursing services. MethodsThe survey was conducted anonymously using an online survey platform. Respondents were presented with choices between two alternatives, based on five key attributes: income, safety and security, patient and family cooperation, commute time, and service type. Mixed logit models estimated the stated preferences for attributes. Relative importance scores, willingness-to-pay estimates, and simulations of service-type uptake rates were calculated. Subgroup analysis and seemingly unrelated regression estimation were performed to examine heterogeneity in preferences. ResultsA total of 3202 choice observations were generated. When sorted by the strength of preference, the five attributes related to registered nurses' choice of Uber-style Internet Plus nursing services, measured by their relative importance scores, are as follows: safety and security (30.89 %), income (27.41 %), patient and family cooperation (18.47 %), service type (11.96 %), and commuting time (11.27 %). Elevating safety and security from low to high levels has the same utility as a 31.81 % increase in monthly income, equivalent to 2586.14 yuan. Subgroup analysis showed that senior nurses place more value on safety and security than junior nurses (β = 1.421 vs.β = 0.725; P = 0.011), and unmarried nurses had a stronger preference for family and caregiver cooperation (β = 1.105 vs.β = 0.314; P = 0.023). ConclusionsThe strength and heterogeneity of registered nurses' preferences should be highlighted in the dispatch algorithms model of Uber-style Internet Plus nursing services, thereby enhancing the efficiency and humanity of Uber-style Internet Plus nursing services. Tweetable abstractRegistered nurses prioritise safety and security, acknowledging heterogeneous preferences in Uber-style Internet Plus nursing services.

How does regional cooperation affect green total factor productivity?—Evidence from the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area in China

As a key regional development strategy, regional cooperation affects the sustainable development of city-regions. This study uses social network analysis, spatial analysis, and negative binomial regression analysis to investigate the impacts of regional cooperation on green total factor productivity (GTFP) in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). The main findings are as follows. First, regional cooperation is growing closer, unfolding a trend of networked and polycentric development patterns in the GBA. Second, the GTFP of most cities exhibits an upward trend, indicating a continuous improvement in green economic development in the GBA. Third, different types of regional cooperation have heterogeneous impacts on GTFP, with economic cooperation being essential for regional GTFP. Overall, this study provides a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the environmental effects of regional cooperation.

Determining the Relationships between Newly Established Logistics Enterprises in Turkey Based on Foreign Trade Volume and Legal Status

The purpose of this study is to determine how newly established logistics businesses (NELB) in Turkey affect foreign trade volume. Additionally, it aims to identify the relationships between NELB and businesses based on their legal status. The data used in this research, covering the years 2013-2021, were gathered from the open-access sites of the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK). IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software was used to analyze the data. The Pearson Correlation analysis method was chosen to evaluate the relationships between variables. According to the analysis results, NELB has a strong positive effect on Turkey's foreign trade volume (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.03 and Pearson Correlation = 0.857**). Additionally, there is a strong positive relationship between NELB and businesses categorized as "real person" (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.01 and Pearson Correlation = 0.887**) and "limited company" (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.016 and Pearson Correlation = 0.767**), based on their legal status. However, no relationship was found between businesses with legal statuses such as ordinary partnership, joint-stock company, cooperative, and other types.

POST-SOVIET SPACE MULTILATERAL INTERACTIONS DYNAMICS PROMOTED BY THE INTRAREGIONAL AND EXTRA-REGIONAL ACTORS: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL IMPLICATIONS

The article examines the key aspects of multilateral economic cooperation between the countries of the post-Soviet space. In addition to Eurasian economic integration within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), there are other forms of multilateral economic cooperation in the post-Soviet space, mainly, initiated and promoted by the European Union, China and Turkey. On the other hand, the EAEU also seeks to build foreign economic relations with third countries located outside the pro-Soviet space, for example, by creating free trade areas with them. The article analyzes the main characteristics, prospects, limitations and problems of these types of multilateral economic cooperation, and the main aspects of their interaction.

The Influence of Cooperative Learning Models and Formative Test Types on Students' Civic Education Learning Outcomes

This study examines the influence of cooperative learning models and formative test types on students' Civic Education learning outcomes. This research employed a 2x2 factorial design. The sample consisted of 80 students selected randomly using cluster random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a test instrument, and data analysis was performed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results of the study indicate that: (1) students taught using the Jigsaw cooperative learning model achieved higher Civic Education learning outcomes than those taught using the NHT (Numbered Heads Together) model; (2) students given essay-type formative tests achieved higher learning outcomes than those given multiple-choice tests; (3) there is an interaction effect between cooperative learning models and formative test types on students' Civic Education learning outcomes; (4) among students given essay-type formative tests, those taught with the Jigsaw model achieved higher learning outcomes than those taught with the NHT model; (5) among students given multiple-choice formative tests, there was no significant difference in learning outcomes between those taught with the Jigsaw model and those taught with the NHT model; (6) among students taught with the Jigsaw model, those given essay-type formative tests achieved higher learning outcomes than those given multiple-choice tests; (7) among students taught with the NHT model, there was no significant difference in learning outcomes between those given essay-type and multiple-choice formative tests.

Kajian Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan pada Koperasi Karyawan Mandiri Perum Damri Surabaya

In accordance with Law No. 25 of 1992 Chapter I Article 1 paragraph (1) concerning cooperatives. Cooperatives are business entities whose members are individuals or cooperative legal entities based on cooperative principles as well as people's economic movements based on the principle of family. Cooperatives are formed and managed democratically to meet the needs of members without making profit the main goal because cooperatives are established to improve the economic welfare of their members. The characteristics of cooperatives that distinguish them from other business entities are that cooperative members have a dual identity, namely members as owners and at the same time users of cooperative services. The history of cooperatives initially began in the 20th century. The history of cooperatives began with the results of small businesses that were not spontaneous and carried out by the common people. Low economic capacity encouraged small businesses to escape from suffering. Cooperatives were introduced in Indonesia in 1896 where the establishment of cooperatives was pioneered by R. Aria Wina Atmaja in Purwokerto, Central Java. On July 12, 1947, the cooperative movement in Indonesia held its first cooperative congress in Tasikmalaya. The date of the congress was later determined as Indonesian Cooperative Day. The existence of cooperatives in Indonesia is regulated in the 1945 Constitution article 33 paragraph 1 and Law no. 17 of 2012 concerning cooperatives. In Indonesia there are several types of cooperatives including savings and loan cooperatives, producer cooperatives, multi-purpose cooperatives, consumer cooperatives and many more including employee cooperatives. Employee cooperatives are cooperatives whose members are employees of the company itself without outside communities.

Cooperative Adsorption and Diffusion of Small Alcohols in Metal-Organic Framework ZIF-8 and Intrinsically Microporous Polymer PTMSP.

Fundamental understanding of molecular interactions and transport within microporous materials displaying cooperative Type V adsorption is challenged by the unique features of this isotherm type. In order to capture a broad understanding of this uncommon, yet industrially relevant, behavior in microporous materials, this investigation examines the adsorption equilibria and kinetics of methanol and ethanol in both a metal-organic framework (MOF) material, ZIF-8, and a high free volume polymer of intrinsic microporosity, poly[1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne] (PTMSP). A novel formulation that can capture the cooperative effects of small alcohols in its description of adsorption equilibria and kinetics is proposed. It is subsequently applied to successfully capture some previously uncharacterized or semiempirically characterized data for equilibria and the loading dependence of the diffusivity in both ZIF-8 and PTMSP, which are materials chosen for their industrial relevance. Finally, it is anticipated that the results of this study can fill the current void that exists in meaningful mechanistic and analytical descriptions of cooperative equilibrium and diffusion phenomena in microporous materials.

SUCCES FACTORS AND OBSTACLES IN IMPLEMENTING INTERCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

The present paper aims to determine the success factors and obstacles in implementing intercommunity development projects through associations of public authorities. Intercommunity cooperation institutionalizes the cooperation between two or more local public authorities, allowing them to jointly administer certain important services, and in recent years this type of cooperation has been on an upward trend in Europe as well as in Romania. The study is empirical and the research is quantitative, the results reflecting the responses to a questionnaire applied to public authorities members of an intercommunity development association. The first part of the study focuses on literature review, most relevant researches in the field being presented as well as the differences between the existing studies and the present one. The study continues with the analysis of the main success factors and barriers in implementing intercommunity development projects based on the results obtained from the questionnaire applied. The results of the questionnaire were interpreted using the Excel analysis tool. In the end, the main conclusions are drawn, as well as possible future research directions that can complement the present study. The results of the research are useful for improving intercommunity development projects on all levels: preparation, management, communication, implementation, results and final beneficiaries, and to overcome obstacles that have been identified.

Agricultural Vertical Cooperatives: the State and Directions of State Support

Agricultural vertical cooperatives created by small agricultural producers play an essential role in the market integration of small farms, ensuring employment and income of the rural population, and the stability of the agro-food market. The study of the problems of rural cooperation belongs to the relevant areas of economic research in the agro-industrial complex. The article analyzes the level and trends in the development of agricultural vertical cooperatives in Russia, including the dynamics of the number of certain types of cooperatives in 2019-2024, the social composition and equipment of fixed assets of cooperatives, their role in the production of a number of food resources. The conclusion is made about the slow development of cooperation and the significant differentiation of the cooperative movement across the subjects of the Russian Federation. The main reasons for the current situation and directions for improving cooperative policy in rural areas are considered.

Drivers of Successful Adoption of Eco-innovation: Case Studies of Agricultural Cooperatives in Vietnam

Research shows that external factors dominate the key determinants of eco-innovation (EI) adoption in organizations in the agriculture sector. Studies are needed to understand the link between internal organizational capabilities and EI adoption. Given the heterogeneity in the types of agricultural cooperatives based on their origin, this study sought to fill this gap by exploring how opportunity, motivation, and ability affect the adoption of EI by agricultural cooperatives. Using a qualitative methodology, we examined seven farming cooperatives in Vietnam and found three dominant drivers of cooperatives’ formation: market, technology, and authority. Market-driven cooperatives are characterized by the presence of opportunity, motivation, and ability; technology-driven ones by motivation and ability; and authority-driven ones by motivation only. This study contributes to the literature on agricultural cooperatives and EI. It offers recommendations to leaders of cooperatives and policymakers.

Application of the Cooperative Integrated Learning Model Reading and Composition to Improve Chemistry Learning Outcomes

Purpose of the study: The aim of this research is to improve the chemistry learning outcomes of class X students at Public High School 5 Bandar Lampung through the implementation of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) cooperative learning model. Methodology: The subjects in this research were 18 class X Public High School 5 Bandar Lampung students. Meanwhile, the object of this research is the application of the Cooperative type cooperative learning model Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) to improve chemistry learning outcomes for class X Public High School 5 Bandar Lampung. Main Findings: Based on research results, the application of cooperative learning strategies of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and type Composition (CIRC) in the learning process in class X Public High School 5 Bandar Lampung improves student learning outcomes. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this research is to determine the effectiveness of implementing the cooperative integrated reading and composition (CIRC) type cooperative learning model to improve chemistry learning outcomes. In addition, this research also contributes to the educational literature by presenting empirical data regarding the effectiveness of CIRC in improving understanding and retention of chemistry material.

Organizational structures of agriculture cooperatives in China: Evidence from the green vegetable sector

China’s agriculture cooperatives are playing a pivotal role in promoting rural development and boosting farmers’ income. As a result of the rapidly changing external environment, diverse types of cooperatives have emerged. However, a comprehensive understanding of the organizational structures, including ownership, control, and benefit rights, of different types of cooperatives, is limited. This study analyzes the organizational structures of two types of cooperatives in China: entrepreneur-led cooperatives and government-led cooperatives. Qualitative methodology was used in this study, including semi-structured interviews with four green vegetable production cooperatives in Shandong province. Results reveal the structural differences between these two types of case cooperatives. Despite the shared ownership, control, and benefit rights among members, entrepreneur-led cooperatives are characterized by the dominance of core members in capital contribution, control rights, and dividend distribution; whereas government-led cooperatives distribute those rights more equally among all members. The findings in this study present a more comprehensive landscape of the organizational structures of China’s cooperatives. Empirically, it demonstrates how cooperatives can evolve and vary across laws and cultures, even within the same legislative background. Additionally, it offers crucial insights for these cooperatives to develop and sustain long-term vitality.

The (Political) Economics of Bilateral Investment Treaties—The Unique Trajectory of Brazil

Brazil, after signing several traditional Bilateral Investment Treaties without ratifying them, recently shifted towards a different type of bilateral investment agreement, i.e., Investment Cooperation and Facilitation Agreements. Two claims have been made in the literature regarding the transition from traditional Bilateral Investment Treaties to Investment Cooperation and Facilitation Agreements—Claim #1: The non-ratification of the traditional BITs has not harmed Foreign Direct Investment into Brazil, a claim which puts into question the purpose of Bilateral Investment Treaties. Claim #2: While Investment Cooperation and Facilitation Agreements avoid some of the problems of traditional Bilateral Investment Treaties, on balance they are less effective than traditional Bilateral Investment Treaties would have been. We examine the two claims from an empirical economic point of view. We build on the literature about Brazil’s position vis-à-vis Bilateral Investment Treaties, which must be viewed by an amalgamation of (i) a historical legacy; (ii) domestic initiatives, and (iii) a particular U-turn in the political debate. Using empirical evidence on Foreign Direct Investment effects of Bilateral Investment Treaties, the following conclusions emerge: With regard to claim #1, empirical evidence in general as well as specific to Brazil suggests that Brazil has forgone Foreign Direct Investment by not ratifying traditional Bilateral Investment Treaties. Concerning claim #2, while Investment Cooperation and Facilitation Agreements include alternative dispute settlement mechanisms, which aim at a better compliance of states with the Investment Cooperation and Facilitation Agreements’ rules, rather than the compensation of foreign investors, the lower stringency of the State–State dispute settlement mechanism compared to Investor–State dispute settlement mechanism makes Investment Cooperation and Facilitation Agreements less effective. Yet, this weakening effect must be weighed against the effects on Foreign Direct Investment from innovative clauses in Investment Cooperation and Facilitation Agreements, which are absent in many traditional Bilateral Investment Treaties.

Implementation of Value Chain and Cooperative Performance: A Case of Twongere Umusaruro Wa Kawa Cooperative Kayonza District, Rwanda

Purpose: In this study, the Twongere umusaruro wa kawa cooperative's value chain implementation and cooperative performance were analyzed. The general purpose of the research study was to evaluate the relationship between the value chain implementation on cooperative performance in the Twongere umusaruro wa kawa cooperative. The study based on value chain and human capital theories. Methodology: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional survey to learn about value chain operations, investigate value chain marketing activities, learn about value chain service, and discover the extent to which these activities affect cooperative performance in Rwanda's Kayonza District. The total population consisted of 170 value chain actors, all of whom were farmers and members of the cooperative. A sample of 119 surveys based on the Slovenian formula used. In this study, the proportional random sampling was used as the sampling method. A questionnaire based on moderately structured interviews used to collect the primary data. The results of the survey were compiled, codified, tabulated, and analyzed. Made a change to improve data accuracy for encoding. The encoded data then entered in Statistical package for Social Sciences version 25. The statistically apparent relationship between factors and cooperative performance was examined with the Qui Square independence test. . Findings: Based on the study results, it was found a meaningful relationship between gender and cooperative performance, service and cooperative performance because p-values associated with gender and service, respectively, were p=0.03 and p=0.00 and did not exceed the 5% significance level. The findings also exposed no significant relation between operations and cooperative performance and marketing and cooperative performance. The findings indicated that the level of significance was above 5% for the operations and marketing-related p=0.462 and p=0.122, respectively. According to the study, value chain operators in cooperatives should pay closer attention to service and gender because of their strong associations with cooperative performance. Value chain developers in operations and marketing should be committed to overcoming any obstacles that hinder the cooperative's performance and should collaborate closely with members and partners to strengthen operations and marketing efforts for the cooperative's sustainability. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Further studies should conduct a thorough analysis in this area by taking into account many independent factors in different districts of the country or the region to clearly show how value chain activities affect cooperative performance and to examine the impact of such changes, research should also invest in collecting data from several cooperatives and various cooperative types.

Innovation for environmental sustainability: business models for SMEs

PurposeAn effective business model (BM) is essential for the success of any company, with sustainable innovation being a critical component of this model. This entails finding creative ways to meet present needs without compromising future generations. In this regard, cooperation can be crucial in developing sustainable innovation. This paper investigates how different types of cooperation impact the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) innovation for environmental sustainability. In this sense, it intends to compare the effects of cooperation acquired nationally or at a European level.Design/methodology/approachThe methods used are logistic regression for the sample of 87,374 observations from 14 countries of the Eurostat Community Innovation Survey (CIS) database.FindingsThe results confirm that cooperation with national or European agents significantly impacts the innovation for environmental sustainability of SMEs; however, not all cooperations have the same significance level. At a national level, cooperation with the suppliers of equipment, materials, components or software, clients or customers and universities or other higher education institutes impacts the innovations for environmental sustainability developed by SMEs. At a European level, cooperation established with other enterprises within your enterprise group, equipment, materials, components or software suppliers, clients or customers and government, public or private research institutes significantly impacts innovations for environmental sustainability.Originality/valueThis study also provides substantial theoretical contributions on the subject and more information about the importance of cooperation by SMEs in developing innovation for environmental sustainability.

The Economic Importance of Industrial Cooperation and How It Affects the Pursuit of Economic Effectiveness

Worldwide economic environments are significantly shaped by industrial cooperation, which also affects the efficacy and efficiency of economic initiatives. This paper explores the complex aspects of industrial cooperation and how they affect economic effectiveness. Through an analysis of different types of cooperation, such as supply chain integration, joint ventures, and strategic alliances, this study clarifies the ways in which cooperation promotes competitiveness and economic progress. The study examines how industrial cooperation promotes innovation ecosystems, improves technological dissemination, and optimizes resource allocation through an interdisciplinary lens that draws from economics, management, and sociology. Additionally, it looks into how cooperation might lower transaction costs, promote economies of scale, and mitigate market failures. The research does, however, also recognize the difficulties and the negative effects of industrial collaboration, such as the expense of coordination, information asymmetry, and the possibility of anti-competitive activity. This article emphasizes how crucial it is to foster collaboration between various industries and businesses in the Republic of Uzbekistan in order to advance economic growth and pave the path toward modern society's well-being. Furthermore, pragmatic strategies for elevating creative processes to a new plane were taken into account. We looked at how various industrialization strategies at the national and international levels of the economy show up in real life as well as the policies that need to be put in place in our nation to go in this direction. The method's benefit is emphasized.

Urban agglomerations as forms of cooperation of communities in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine

The decentralization reform, which is undoubtedly one of the most successful in Ukraine, contributed to the formation and strengthening of the foundations of the functioning of the municipal government in Ukraine, which in the conditions of a full-scale war demonstrated the ability to counter extraordinary challenges, ensuring the functioning of the economy and the livelihood of the population. Local self- government bodies not only made a significant contribution to strengthening the defense capability of the state, but also provided support to communities that were occupied/de-occupied, provided temporary housing and created favorable conditions for the integration of forcibly displaced persons into the community, guaranteed the timely provision of the entire range of services at the community level, etc. The article is devoted to the search for ways to improve the institution of local self- government in the conditions of war and post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, which will speed up the reconstruction of destroyed settlements, lead to the growth of economic indicators and a significant increase in the level of providing services to the population. The author substantiates the need to revise the legislative regulation of issues of cooperation of territorial communities, in particular by creating urban agglomerations as one of the types of cooperation of territorial communities. The practice of functioning of urban agglomerations in foreign countries and the prospects of creating such agglomerations in Ukraine are analyzed. Attention is focused on the efforts of legislative regulation of the functioning of urban agglomerations, the debatability of the norms of the draft laws, which defined urban agglomerations as a separate component of the administrative-territorial system, contained norms that, having established the principle of mutual benefit, essentially legitimized the attempt of large cities to extend the sphere of their influence to adjacent territories, expand the boundaries of own powers at the expense of the powers and resources of neighboring territorial communities. It is proposed to supplement the Law «On the Cooperation of Territorial Communities»; and some other laws with separate regulations determining the legal status of agglomerations, to provide for the formation of the agglomeration council and to include in its sphere of competence consideration of issues affecting the common interests of territorial communities that are part of the agglomeration, and to provide a list of basic powers, which may vary depending on the amount of institutional capacity of the respective agglomeration.

The Influence of Learning Models cooperative Make a Match type and media based Canva app against level HOTS thinking of students

Build existence The Indonesian nation with character in the 21st century is challenge for Indonesian nation. This model help student understand material in a way effective through card answers and games ask answer so that learning become more fun and not boring. Formulation problem is there is influence of learning models cooperative type Make a Match against level think HOTS students in the eyes social studies class IV Gugus RA Kartini, Bumi Raya District, Regency Morowali, Is there is media- based influence Canva app against level think HOTS students in the eyes social studies class IV Gugus RA Kartini, Bumi Raya District, Regency Morowali. Research purposes Analyze influence of learning models cooperative Make a Match type against level think HOTS students in the eyes social studies class IV Gugus RA Kartini, Bumi Raya District, Regency Morowali, Analyzing media- based influence Canva app against level think HOTS students in the eyes social studies class IV Gugus RA Kartini, Bumi Raya District, Regency Morowali. method study experiment is method research conducted​ with experiment, which is used For know influence variable independent ( treatment ) towards variable dependent ( result ) in controlled conditions.​ Research result Analysis statistics descriptive aim For describe achievement results Study so that known HOTS thinking level of students with apply the learning model cooperative Make a Match type in class experiment and use application media Canva- based classes control.