Type Of Contraception Research Articles

Determinan Penggunaan Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang Di Indonesia (Analisis SDKI 2017)

Effective contraception such as the Long-acting reversible contraceptives can prevent one in every three maternal deaths by allowing women to arrange births, avoid unwanted pregnancies and abortions, and stop giving birth when they have reached the desired family size. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with long-acting reversible contraceptives methods in Indonesia. This study used secondary data by analyzing the results of the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017. The sample was married women aged 15-19 years with a total of respondents being 19522. This study showed, that the most types of contraception used by respondents were short-acting contraceptive methods (pills and injections), namely 75.4%, and only 24.6% of respondents used long-acting reversible contraceptives. The results of the multivariate analysis described the determinants of long-acting reversible contraceptives were age, parity, occupation, cost of family planning, and decision-maker. It is necessary to improve counseling services and promote the long-acting reversible contraceptives as effective contraception in delaying birth, considering that most of the respondents used long-acting reversible contraceptives when they were >35 years old with grand multipara. In addition, decision-making by respondents and their partners as well as health workers as service providers is also very influential in increasing the use of long-acting reversible contraceptives so effective counseling and involving partners is also important.

Factors influencing the uptake of short-term contraceptives among women in Afghanistan

The aim of this study is to assess factors that influence the uptake of short-term contraceptives among married women aged between 15 and 49 years in Afghanistan. The cross-sectional Afghanistan 2015 Demographic and Health Survey provided the dataset for this analysis. We included 22,974 women and applied multivariable logistic regression to investigate the influencing factors for the uptake of short-term contraceptives. 92% of Afghan women knew at least one type of short-term contraception but only 17% were using short term contraceptives. Short term contraceptive use was most prevalent among women in the age group between 30 and 40 who were educated, employed, and rich. Most of the users were living in the western parts of Afghanistan and women from the Balooch and Pashtun ethnic groups were most likely to use short-term contraceptives. Media exposure and women empowerment were also positively associated with the use of short-term contraceptives. We did not find an association with living in urban or rural settings. Contraception promotion in Afghanistan requires multisectoral efforts, tailored to the needs of women from low and middle socioeconomic strata. Health promotion activities, empowering women, strengthening education, and training of service providers on effective counseling are options that should be considered to improve the current situation.

Patient acceptability, continuation and complication rates with immediate postpartum levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion at caesarean section andvaginal birth.

Immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) has been shown to reduce unintended pregnancy but uptake of this type of contraception in Australia is low compared to European counterparts. To assess self-reported continuation rates, complications and satisfaction in patients having immediate postpartum hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) inserted at caesarean section (CS) or after vaginal birth (VB). Retrospective cohort study of all patients with immediate postpartum hormonal IUD insertion over three years at a tertiary maternity service. Primary outcomes were patient satisfaction, continuation and expulsion rates. Secondary outcomes were reason for discontinuation, patient-reported complications, attendance for postpartum check with a general practitioner (GP) and rate of unplanned pregnancy. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. One hundred and ninety-three women had a hormonal IUD inserted and 143 consented to involvement (CS n= 79; VB n= 64). Six and 12months continuation rates for CS were 60.8% and 54.4%, and VB were 46.9% and 39.1%. The most common reasons for removal were: pain (34.5%), heavy or irregular bleeding (25.9%) and partial expulsion (24.1%). Expulsion was more likely after VB (34.1%) than CS (10.1%), (odds ratio 2.72; 95% CI 1.07-6.90; P= 0.036). There were 60.8% of women post-CS and 56.3% of women post-VB who were satisfied with their decision to have immediate postpartum insertion and most women attended routine postpartum follow-up with their GP (89.5%). Immediate postpartum hormonal IUD insertion in this cohort is associated with higher rates of expulsion and lower satisfaction rates compared to those documented in the literature for delayed postpartum insertion cohorts.

Method of Hormonal Contraception and Protective Effects Against Ectopic Pregnancy.

To estimate the incidence rates for ectopic pregnancy by contraceptive method in a cohort of women using hormonal contraception in Sweden between 2005 and 2016. Women aged 15-49 years with a filled prescription for a hormonal contraceptive in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register between 2005 and 2016 were included. For each woman, all exposed woman-years were allocated to treatment episodes depending on the method of contraception. Treatment time started on the day the prescription was filled and ended on the first day of the end of supply, new eligible dispensing, pregnancy-related diagnosis and its associated estimated last menstrual period, or removal procedure. Ectopic pregnancy was defined as having at least two records of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code O00-, including O00.0, O00.1, O00.2, O00.8, O00.9, within 30 days or one episode of O00- and one surgical procedure for ectopic pregnancy (NOMESCO Classification of Surgical Procedures code LBA, LBC, LBD, LBE, LBW). Incidence rates per 1,000 woman-years and 95% CIs were calculated for each method of contraception. The study included 1,663,242 women and 1,915 events of ectopic pregnancy. The incidence rate (95% CI) for ectopic pregnancy per method of hormonal contraception was estimated: 13.5-mg levonorgestrel (LNG) hormonal intrauterine device (IUD), 2.76 (2.26-3.35) per 1,000 woman-years; 52-mg LNG hormonal IUD, 0.30 (0.28-0.33) per 1,000 woman-years; combined oral contraception, 0.20 (0.19-0.22) per 1,000 woman-years; progestogen implants, 0.31 (0.26-0.37) per 1,000 woman-years; oral medium-dose progestogen (desogestrel 75 mg), 0.24 per 1,000 woman-years, (0.21-0.27); and oral low-dose progestogen (norethisterone 0.35 mg and lynestrenol 0.5 mg), 0.81 (0.70-0.93) per 1,000 woman-years. Hormonal contraception lowers the risk of ectopic pregnancy markedly. The incidence rate of ectopic pregnancy among women using a low-dose hormonal IUD (13.5 mg LNG) was substantially higher than that in women using other types of hormonal contraception. This study provides real-world evidence to inform best clinical practice for women-centered contraceptive counseling.

Contraceptive practices and contraceptive counselling in high-performance Portuguese athletes

We present an observational, prospective, descriptive study of answers collected through an online self-assessment questionnaire in High Performance Portuguese Athletes aged 18 years old or over. The main objective was to evaluate contraceptive practices, menstrual patterns and contraceptive counselling in these athletes. Overall, 115 women aged between 18 and 39 years were studied, from 18 different sports. In our sample, most athletes used some type of contraception. Most believed that they had a better performance after menstruation and that starting contraception did not interfere with their performance. However, a high number of athletes believes that contraceptives are contraindicated for sports.

Penggunaan Kontrasepsi terhadap Gangguan Siklus Menstruasi di BPM A

Introduction: Indonesia, with a very large population, is committed to implementing the Planning Family and Birth Control as a means of fulfilling international demands in improving the lives of mothers and children. One of the problems with the family planning program is menstrual disorders due to the use of hormonal contraceptives such as a one-month injection and three months of injection contraception, which often become complaints from family planning acceptors. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the shortest and longest cycle length between the two types of hormonal injection contraception. Method: This research is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Midwife Practice Anastasia Ningrum with samples in the form of hormonal injection family planning acceptors from January 2020 to June 2020 with a sampling technique in the form of accidental sampling. The inclusion criteria in this study were active injection family planning acceptors and had an FP control card with the exclusion criteria in the form of injection contraceptive use ≤ 6 months. The independent variable in this study was the use of 1 month and three months of injection contraceptive, while the dependent variable was the shortest and longest menstrual cycle length. Result: The results of this study involved 70 respondents with the shortest cycle length for injection contraception of 1 month and three months, respectively 28 (21 - 40) days and 60 (28 - 90) days, as well as the longest cycle lengths for injection contraception of 1 month and three months respectively. count is 35 (28 - 90) days and 90 (40 - 90) days. The mean difference between groups using the Mann Whitney test was significant for both the longest cycle and the shortest cycle (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant difference between the longest and the shortest cycle length between 1 month and three months of injection contraceptive use.

39. Declines in Pregnancies Among US Adolescents From 2007 to 2017: Behavioral Contributors to the Trend

Pregnancies and births among adolescents in the United States have dramatically declined in recent decades. We aimed to estimate the contribution of three different proximal changes in behaviors to these declines among 14-18-year-olds over the period 2007-2017: delays in age at first sexual intercourse, declines in the frequency of sexual activity, and changes in contraceptive use, particularly the uptake of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). We adopted an existing mathematical model that predicts number of sex acts per year per adolescent female by age, and the proportion of these that entail use of various types of contraception. We parameterized the model using predicted values from regressions based on six waves of the CDC’s Youth Risk Behavior Survey. We determined mean contraceptive failure rates from the literature. We calibrated our model to reported births using data from the National Vital Statistics System and the Guttmacher Institute. Pregnancy-related costs were calculated using both medical costs for all outcomes and costs to society for adolescent childbearing. Changes in the three behaviors (delays in age at first sexual intercourse, declines in subsequent frequency of sexual activity, and changes in contraceptive use) consistent with levels seen in our data resulted in reductions of 496,000, 78,000, and 56,000 pregnancies over the decade, respectively, with total medical and societal cost savings of $9.7 billion, $1.5 billion, and $1.1 billion. LARC adoption, particularly among 18-year-olds, explained much of the improvements from contraception use. The three measures together accounted for 38% of the observed decline in teen births over the decade. We conducted a sensitivity analysis on a fourth behavior—number of coital acts per partner—and found that a 50% reduction predicted births that closely matched observed data. Reported changes in sexual behavior among adolescents prevented an estimated 630,000 pregnancies and resulted in $12 billion cost savings over the decade. The LARC contribution was mainly seen among 18-year-olds. Comprehensive sex education should continue to build on existing strengths in terms of delaying age at first sexual intercourse, while further enhancing knowledge and access to contraception for all, and especially for those under 18.

Abstract P4-11-20: Attitudes and factors influencing contraception use over time in premenopausal women with early breast cancer in the prospective CANTO study

Abstract BACKGROUND: With an increased lifespan, survivorship has become a crucial component of breast cancer (BC) care. Among survivorship concerns, adequate contraception counseling is needed in premenopausal patients (pts) not seeking to become pregnant. However, very limited evidence exists on attitudes and factors influencing contraception use over time in premenopausal women with early BC. METHODS: CANTO is a multicenter, prospective cohort study of 12,012 pts with stage I-III BC (NCT01993498). This analysis included women aged ≤50 years with known premenopausal status at BC diagnosis. Contraception use and type were longitudinally evaluated at diagnosis, year-1 (T1) and 2 (T2) after diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed associations between clinical, socio-economic, treatment, toxicity (CTCAE) and pts-reported outcome (PROs, EORTC QLQ-C30/BR23) variables, with contraception use after diagnosis. RESULTS: Among 2,900 pts included, mean age at diagnosis was 43.1 (SD 5.6) years, 96.0% of pts already had children at BC diagnosis, 70.8% and 80.0% received chemotherapy and endocrine therapy (ET), respectively. Among patients treated with ET, 80.2% received tamoxifen alone and 19.8% other therapies (either tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor or a combination) plus ovarian function suppression (OFS). Following diagnosis, 45.0% of pts at T1 and 65.7% at T2 reported consulting a gynecologist. At diagnosis, 54.2% of pts reported contraception use, with the majority (62.6%) using hormonal methods. Prevalence of contraception use significantly decreased at T1 and T2 (38.9% and 41.2%, respectively; ptrend<0.05), when the majority of pts reported use of mechanic (94.2% and 95.3%, respectively) reversible methods (copper intrauterine devices or condom in ~90% pts at both T1 and T2). In univariate analyses, pts reporting contraception use after diagnosis were more likely to be younger, with higher socio-economic status, partnered with children, and scored better on PROs scales assessing post-treatment body image, sexual functioning, global health, physical, emotional, role and social functioning (all p<0.05). In the final multivariable model, factors associated with contraception use at T1 included prior contraception use at diagnosis (adjusted Odds Ratio vs no, 4.02 [95% CI 3.15-5.14]), younger age (for each decreasing year, 1.10 [1.07-1.13]), better sexual function (for 10-unit increment, 1.13 [1.07-1.19]), having children (vs no, 4.21 [1.80-9.86]), reporting leucorrhea (vs no, 1.32 [1.03-1.70]), receipt of tamoxifen alone (vs any other ET combined with OFS, 1.39 [1.01-1.92]) and having consulted with a gynecologist over the course of the previous year (vs no, 1.29 [1.02-1.63]). Similar factors were associated with contraception use at T2 including receipt of tamoxifen alone (vs. any other ET combined with OFS, 2.16 [1.48-3.15]) and having consulted with a gynecologist over the course of the previous year [vs no, 1.39 [1.04-1.86]). In addition, partnered status (vs not, 1.61 [1.07-2.44]) emerged as significantly associated with contraception use at T2. CONCLUSION: This large analysis of CANTO data provides unique insights on the attitudes and factors influencing contraception use over time in premenopausal women with early BC, being highly relevant to raise awareness and improve contraception counseling in these pts at both diagnosis and during oncology follow-up. Several factors were shown to be important in contraception decision making. Among them, consulting a gynecologist after diagnosis impacted contraception use, pointing at the need to promote long-term follow-up care by the oncofertility units beyond access to fertility preservation strategies in the growing, vulnerable population of premenopausal breast cancer survivors. Citation Format: Matteo Lambertini, Claudia Massarotti, Julie Havas, Barbara Pistilli, Anne-Laure Martin, Alexandra Jacquet, Charles Coutant, Florence Coussy, Asma Dhaini Merimeche, Florence Lerebours, Olivier Tredan, Christelle Jouannaud, Olivier Rigal, Marion Fournier, Patrick Soulie, Maria Alice Franzoi, Lucia Del Mastro, Ann H. Partridge, Fabrice Andre, Ines Vaz-Luis, Antonio Di Meglio. Attitudes and factors influencing contraception use over time in premenopausal women with early breast cancer in the prospective CANTO study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-11-20.

Does Proximity to Conflict Zones Moderate Associations Between Girl Child Marriage, Intimate Partner Violence, and Contraception in Postconflict Sri Lanka?

Women’s primary contraceptive method type is impacted by the gender inequities of girl child marriage and intimate partner violence (IPV). Outside of South Asia, proximity to conflict zones has been found to impact contraceptive use, girl child marriage, and IPV, possibly moderating associations between these variables. We created multinomial regression models using the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey data from postconflict Sri Lanka to study associations between primary contraceptive method type (modern spacing methods, sterilization, and traditional methods compared to no method) and the gender inequities of girl child marriage and past year sexual, physical, and emotional IPV and to assess whether and how these associations were moderated by proximity to conflict. We found that proximity to conflict moderated the relationships between girl child marriage, past year physical and emotional IPV, and primary contraceptive method type. Girl child marriage was associated with increased relative risk (RR) of modern spacing methods (adjusted RR ratio/aRRR: 1.81–2.21) across all levels of proximity to conflict. In districts distal to conflict, past year physical IPV was associated with decreased RR of sterilization (aRRR: 0.67) and traditional methods (aRRR: 0.63), and past year emotional IPV was associated with decreased RR of traditional methods (aRRR: 0.71). In districts central to conflict, past year emotional IPV was associated with increased RR of modern spacing methods (aRRR: 1.50). Our findings suggest that policymakers and providers who seek to improve reproductive health in Sri Lanka must consider the moderating impact of proximity to conflict on the relationship between contraceptive use and the gender inequities of girl child marriage and IPV.

Associations between use of psychotropic medications and use of hormonal contraception among girls and women aged 15–49 years in Finland: a nationwide, register-based, matched case–control study

ObjectivesThe relationship between the use of contraception and of psychiatric medications is understudied. We examined whether the current and past use of psychotropic medications is associated with the use and...

Return of Fertility After Discontinuation of Contraception According Type of Contraception, Duration of Use, Age and BMI

Objective : To determine the relationship between the type of contraception, duration of use, BMI, and age on the return of fertility.Methods : This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The subjects in this study was 123 multigravida mothers who had met the inclusion criteria, namely with a history of regular intercourse and the exclusion criteria in this study were multigravida mothers with a history of abortion and failure of the family planning method. Data were collected by direct interviews and medical record data. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and Logistic Regression test.Results: The results of the Chi-square analysis showed a relationship between the type of contraception (p=0.001;OR=1.29) and age (p=0.031;OR=4.69) with the return of fertility. However, there was no correlation between the duration of use (p=0.964;OR=0.97) and BMI (p=0.246;OR=0.50) with the return of fertility. In the logistic regression test, there was no partial effect of the type of contraception (p=0.997;OR=0.22) and age (p=0.058;OR=0.01).Conclusion : Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the type of contraception and age with the return of fertility after family planning, where non-hormonal contraceptives and <30 years of age return to fertility faster, namely <1 year, but there is no relationship between duration of use and BMI with the return of fertility after family planning.Keywords: contraception, family planning, fertility.
 
 Abstrak
 Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan jenis kontrasepsi, lama pemakaian, IMT, dan usia terhadap kembalinya kesuburan.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian ini adalah ibu multigravida yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi yaitu dengan riwayat senggama teratur dan bersedia menjadi responden serta kriteria ekslusi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu multigravida dengan riwayat abortus dan kegagalan metode KB. Besar subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 123 orang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara langsung dan melihat data rekam medis. Analisis data dilakukan uji statistik Chi-square dan uji Regresi Logistik.Hasil : Hasil analisis dengan Chi-square, menunjukan adanya hubungan jenis kontrasepsi (p = 0,001; OR = 1,29) dan usia (p=0,031; OR = 4,69) dengan kembalinya kesuburan. Namun, tidak terdapat hubungan lama pemakaian (p= 0,964; OR =0,97) dan IMT (p= 0,246; OR =0,50) dengan kembalinya kesuburan. Pada uji regresi logistik tidak terdapat pengaruh parsial dari jenis kontrasepsi (p=0,997; OR =0,22) dan usia (p=0,058; OR=0,01).Kesimpulan : Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan jenis kontrasepsi dan usia dengan kembalinya kesuburan pasca KB, dimana pada jenis kontrasepsi non hormonal dan usia < 30 tahun lebih cepat kembali subur yaitu < 1 tahun, namun tidak terdapat hubungan lama pemakaian dan dengan kembalinya kesuburan pasca KB.Kata kunci: keluarga berencana, kesuburan kontrasepsi.

Persepsi Mempengaruhi Rendahnya Pemakaian Kontrasepsi Implan

Indonesia, there are relatively few users of contraceptive implant methods compared to other types of contraception, although implants have a higher level of effectiveness than other contraceptives. The government has made various efforts but to no avail. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors that influence the low use of contraceptive implants at the Minasa Upa Health Center in Makassar City. The research method is an analytic survey with a "cross-sectional study" method and sampling using a simple random sampling technique of 67 people. The study was conducted in MarchMay 2021 using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chisquare test = 0.05. The results showed that the phi value of perceived significance was p=0.001(p>0.05), socioeconomic p=0.756 (p>0.05), and the anxiety factor was p=0.369 (p>0.05). So it is known that perception has a significant relationship with the low use of contraceptive implants methods, while socioeconomic and anxiety factors do not have a significant relation. Therefore, it is recommended for health workers to conduct regular counseling about contraception, especially contraceptive implant methods, to increase mothers' knowledge so that negative perceptions of contraceptive implant methods can be reduced.

An intersectional analysis of contraceptive types chosen among sexual minority women: A nationally representative study

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to use an intersectional approach in which race, insurance, care setting, and disclosure of sexual orientation to a provider are used to assess patterns of contraceptive use in sexual minority women. Study designThis study analyzes cross-sectional data from the 2011–2019 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Sexual orientation of 21,075 respondents’ data was used to investigate contraceptive use in sexual minority women, specifically lesbian and bisexual women, as compared to heterosexual women, controlling for variables such as race, age, and socioeconomic factors. ResultsBlack and Hispanic lesbian women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.39 confidence interval [CI] 0.20–0.76 and aOR = 0.44 CI 0.23–0.82, respectively) and Hispanic and Other Race bisexual women use hormonal contraceptive methods less than their White lesbian and bisexual peers (aOR = 0.45 CI 0.29–0.69 and aOR = 0.43 CI 0.20–0.94). Care setting was not correlated with long-acting reversible contraceptive methods (LARC; such as intra-uterine device, hormonal implants) or prescription-based hormonal methods (such as oral contraceptive pills, injectables, vaginal rings, and patches) in lesbian women (aOR = 2.92 CI 0.60–14.2 and aOR = 1.43 CI 0.47–4.38, respectively) or bisexual women (aOR = 0.90 CI 0.48–1.58 and aOR = 0.83 CI 0.37–1.86), but it was for straight women (aOR = 1.28 CI 1.03–1.59 and aOR = 0.68 CI 0.53–0.86). Similarly, insurance status did not correlate with contraceptive patterns in sexual minority women. Importantly, adjusting for nationally representative data did not impact the results; in other words, the odds ratios after adjusting yielded the same results as before adjustment. ConclusionsInsurance and care setting are important determinants of straight women's contraceptive use patterns with fewer effects seen among sexual minority women. These findings support previous work and indicate that known advantages of insurance coverage or use of public clinics may not positively impact sexual minority women as much as they do straight women. Provider awareness of sexual identity and sexual orientation is important for adequate contraceptive care. ImplicationsWhile prior research has presented findings on sexual minority women contraceptive use, to our knowledge there are limited studies that address the social and demographic implications for contraceptive use in this population.

Contraceptive use and the risk of ovarian cancer among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation

BackgroundBRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) mutation carriers face a high lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer. Oral contraceptives are protective in this population; however, the impact of other types of contraception (e.g. intrauterine devices, implants, injections) is unknown. We undertook a matched case-control study to evaluate the relationship between type of contraception and risk of ovarian cancer among women with BRCA mutations.MethodsA total of 1733 matched pairs were included in this analysis. Women were matched according to year of birth, date of study entry, country of residence, BRCA mutation type and history of breast cancer. Detailed information on hormonal, reproductive and lifestyle exposures were collected from a routinely administered questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with each contraceptive exposure.ResultsEver use of any contraceptive was significantly associated with reduced risk of ovarian cancer (OR = 0.62; 95% CI 0.52–0.75; P < 0.0001), which was driven by significant inverse associations with oral contraceptives (OR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.54–0.79; P < 0.0001) and contraceptive implants (OR = 0.30; 95% CI 0.12–0.73; P = 0.008). We observed a similar effect with use of injections (OR = 0.37; 95% CI 0.10–1.38; P = 0.14), but this did not achieve significance. No significant associations were observed between patterns of intrauterine device use and risk of ovarian cancer.ConclusionsThese findings support a protective effect of oral contraceptives and implants on risk of ovarian cancer among women with BRCA mutations. The possible protective effect of injections requires further evaluation.

Korelasi Stadium dengan Usia Penderita Kanker Serviks di Rsup M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2017

Cervical cancer is one of the most cancers in women all over the world, Cervical cancer occurs in women aged 30-60 years, however cervical cancer has also attacked women aged between 20-30 years. And usually patients come in with an advanced stage. This study aims to determine the correlation between the stage and age of cervical cancer patients at RSUP M. Djamil and determine the characteristics of stage, age, parity, marriage age, hormonal contraception, and cell types of cervical cancer patients in RSUP M. Djamil, Padang City. The type of research used in this study is analytic that uses secondary data derived from medical records of cervical cancer patients at Dr. Central General Hospital. M. Djamil Padang by design Cross Sectional approach. With bivariate analysis to analyze the descriptive vriables of age, stage, parity, marriage age, hormonal contraception, and cell type. Univariate analysis between stage and age variales was used to determine the correlation. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion that the researchers did, conclusions can be drawn as follows: 1) Age of women suffering from cervical cancer in RSUP.DR. Most of the M.Djamil Padang are aged 46-55 years, namely as many as 20 people (35.7%) and are already classified as an advanced stage. 2) The results of the study found that the majority of respondents had multiparous parity of 92.9%. 3) The results of the study found the majority of respondents had squamosa cell types as much as 92.9%. 4) Length of KB from the study found that the majority of respondents used family planning for &lt;4 years as much as 51.8%. 5) Married age from the study found that the majority of respondents from the age of marriage were&gt; 20 years as many as 89.3%. 6) Stadium from the study found the majority of respondents suffer from stage II and III respectively as much as 37.5%. 7) There is a correlation between the stage and the age of Cervical Cancer Patients in RSUP M. Djamil

Analysis of contraceptive behavior of female athletes of reproductive age

The article presents the materials of a large-scale study devoted to the study of the contraceptive behavior of female athletes of reproductive age, representing different sports. It has been established that the most commonly used types of contraception, in all age categories, are: interrupted intercourse, spermicides, barrier contraception (male condoms), hormonal patches. The most rarely used are hormonal contraception (single-phase and three-phase combined oral contraceptives) and intrauterine contraception. It has been established that the choice of a particular type of contraception among athletes is determined by such leading factors as sexual activity, frequency of sexual contacts, the number of sexual partners, the presence or absence of a family and marriage.

Factors associated with contraceptive use among women living with HIV in Canada: a controlled, cross-sectional study

BackgroundMultiple contraindications to combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC) use exist. The impact of these factors on contraceptive choice, particularly among women living with HIV (WLWH), is not well understood. We measured and compared the prevalence of contraceptive use and contraindications among WLWH and women not living with HIV (controls).MethodsWe examined cross-sectional survey and medical chart data from 83 WLWH and 62 controls, aged 16–49 and sexually active, from 2013–2017. We compared the age-adjusted prevalence and types of contraceptives used in the last month and the proportion of women with CHC contraindications, including drug interactions, medical comorbidities, and smoking at ≥ 35 years old. All WLWH received care at an interdisciplinary, women-centred HIV clinic.ResultsCompared to controls, WLWH were older (median [IQR)] 39 [34–43] vs 31 [23–41] years; p = 0.003), had less post-secondary education (37% vs 73%; p < 0.001), and more often had household income < $15,000/year (49% vs 30%; p = 0.006). WLWH trended to higher contraceptive prevalence than controls (80% vs 63%; p = 0.06 adjusted for age). Overall hormonal contraceptive use was similar. However, despite controlling for age, WLWH used CHC less (4% vs 18%; p = 0.006) than controls, and had more frequently undergone tubal ligation (12% vs 2%; p = 0.03). WLWH also experienced more CHC contraindications (54% vs 13%; p = 0.0001), including smoking at ≥ 35 years old (30% vs 6%; p = 0.0003) or a CHC-related drug interaction (all antiretroviral related) (25% vs 0%; p = 0.0001).ConclusionsWLWH attending our interdisciplinary clinic used hormonal contraception at similar rates as controls, though with different types. Differences may reflect different distributions of CHC contraindications. CHC contraindications present barriers to accessing the full range of contraceptive choices for WLWH. Guidelines and education for care providers and WLWH regarding contraceptive choices and drug interactions are needed, especially when care is provided without the benefit of an interdisciplinary women-centered healthcare team.

Different Types of Contraceptives Uses Among Women in Bangladesh: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Different Types of Contraceptives Uses Among Women in Bangladesh: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

ПЕРСОНАЛИЗИРОВАННЫЙ ПОДХОД К ВЫБОРУ ГОРМОНАЛЬНОЙ КОНТРАЦЕПЦИИ У ЖЕНЩИН-ВОЕННОСЛУЖАЩИХ Часть 2

Adequate informing of women about the possibilities of hormonal contraception, knowledge of military doctors about advantages and disadvantages of different types of hormonal contraception will make it possible to choose a contraceptive method based on individual characteristics of the female organism and characteristics of her profession.

Mechanisms of action of currently available woman-controlled, vaginally administered, non-hormonal contraceptive products.

Woman-controlled, vaginally administered contraceptives offer women discreet, self-administered, and reversible options. This brief report summarizes the mechanisms of action (MOAs) of currently available, woman-controlled, vaginally administered, non-hormonal products, excluding those that need to be fitted by a healthcare provider. MOAs of three general types of contraceptives will be reviewed, including pH modulators, spermicides, and barrier methods. The recently approved vaginal pH modulator (lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate) has a non-hormonal MOA, acting as a buffering agent in the presence of alkaline semen and resulting in sperm immobilization. In contrast, spermicides, such as nonoxynol-9, act by lysing sperm membranes, resulting in sperm death. Barrier methods, such as the diaphragm and female condom, prevent sperm from entering the uterus. In addition to their varying MOAs, each woman-controlled, vaginally administered method has different instructions for use, efficacy, side effects, and availability/insurance coverage, thus providing a range of characteristics to fit different needs and preferences.