Types Of Composite Resins Research Articles

PERBEDAAN PERUBAHAN WARNA RESIN KOMPOSIT NANOFILLER PADA PERENDAMAN AIR REBUSAN DAUN SIRIH MERAH ( PIPER CROCATUM) DAN OBAT KUMUR NON-ALKOHOL

ABSTRACT Background: One of resin composite type is nanofiller. Composite resin has tendency to have color change. One factor that can cause color change on the composite resin as mouthwash. Purpose: To determine the difference of color change between nanofiller composite resin that were immersed in decoction water of red bettel leaves (Piper crocatum) and non-alcohol mouthwash. Method: This study was a true experimental research design with control group design pre-test and post-test. It used disk form sample with 10mm diameters and 2mm of thickness. Total samples were 24, divided into 3 treatment groups immersed in decoction water of red bettel leaves (Piper crocatum), non-alcohol mouthwash and sterile aquadest within 24 hours in the incubator with temperature of 37C. Samples were examined by using optical spectrometer (OPT 101 type of photo detector) and microvolt digital. The statistical test was using One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Bonferroni with <0.05 significance. Result: The result of this study showed significant color change on nanofiller composite resin after immersion in decoction water ofred bettel leaves (Piper crocatum) and non-alcohol mouthwash. Mean value of color change of resin composite immersed in aquadest (0,15Mv), non-alcohol mouthwash (0,24 Mv) and decoction water of red bettel leaves (Piper crocatum) (0,34Mv). Conclusion: There were difference of color change between nanofiller composite resin using the decoction water of red bettel leaves (Piper crocatum) and non-alcohol mouthwash. It showed that composite resin immersed in decoction water of red bettel leaves (Piper crocatum) had higher color change. Keywords : Resin composite nanofiller, color change, mouthwash

INFLUENCE OF POST CURING HEAT AND PRESSURE ACTIVATION FOR RESIN COMPOSITE ON IT’S SURFACE HARDNESS

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of post curing heat and pressure activation of resin composite on it’s surface hardness. Materials and methods: A total of 30 disc specimens, 7mm in diameter and 2mm thick, were constructed from 3 different types of contemporary resin composite restoratives (10 each). For each restorative, half the numbers of the constructed specimens (5 discs) were served as directly cured composite, following their storage in water at 37±1oC for 24h. The remaining 5 specimens of each restorative were subject to post-curing heat and pressure in type B Lisa autoclave for 41 min using B-universal 121 cycle at 122.5oC and a pressure of 1.16 bar to simulate one simple approach of chair-side indirect composite polymerization. Vickers hardness numbers were determined using a micro-hardness tester (Wilson ® Hardness Tester, Model Tukon 1102, Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) using a load of 50 gf for 15 seconds dwell time. The Vickers’s hardness number (N/mm2) was recorded as an average of six readings, three from each surface (top and bottom) for each specimen. Results: ANOVA was used for the effect of additional heat activation and type of resin composite on it’s surface hardness. It was found that the use of an additional heat activation and type of resin composite (matrix type and degree of loading) had a statistical significant effect on VHN of resin composite tested. Conclusion: The post-curing heat and pressure improves the surface hardness of the tested resin composites.

Comparison of two different debonding techniques in orthodontic treatment.

The purpose of this research is to investigate whether and how the adhesive bond failure site varied in relation to the material used for the orthodontic bonding and debonding technique applied. Two different methods of orthodontic debonding were included in our survey; cutters for orthodontics and debonding plier. Three different materials for the adhesion of the bracket: composite light curing, self-curing composite and glass ionomer cement. The remaining amount of adhesive on the tooth surface is an important parameter that gives information on how the location of the posting site varied during the debonding. 60 dental elements, maxillary and mandibular, previously extracted for orthodontic reasons, as well as periodontal, were included in our research. We investigated a possible significant correlation between different variables (debonding technique and materials for membership) and the ARI index. The use of orthodontic cutters or debonding pliers does not affect the adhesive bond failure site and both techniques have a tendency to leave a significant amount of adhesive on the surface enamel. In the resin-reinforced glass ionomer cements, detachment occurs at the interface enamel-adhesive and this pattern of detachment increases the risk of the enamel damage during debonding. In both types of composite resins (photopolymerizable or self-curing), the detachment occurs at the interface bracketing adhesive. In this case the amount of remaining adhesive material on the tooth must be removed with further methods, which in addition, increase the risk of iatrogenic injury as well as the working hours.

The effect of repeated preheating of dimethacrylate and silorane-based composite resins on marginal gap of class V restorations.

Background. One of the problems with composite resin restorations is gap formation at resin‒tooth interface. The present study evaluated the effect of preheating cycles of silorane- and dimethacrylate-based composite resins on gap formation at the gingival margins of Class V restorations.Methods. In this in vitro study, standard Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 48 bovine incisors. For restorative procedure, the samples were randomly divided into 2 groups based on the type of composite resin (group 1: di-methacrylate composite [Filtek Z250]; group 2: silorane composite [Filtek P90]) and each group was randomly divided into 2 subgroups based on the composite temperature (A: room temperature; B: after 40 preheating cycles up to 55°C). Marginal gaps were measured using a stereomicroscope at ×40 and analyzed with two-way ANOVA. Inter- and intra-group comparisons were analyzed with post-hoc Tukey tests. Significance level was defined at P < 0.05.Results. The maximum and minimum gaps were detected in groups 1-A and 2-B, respectively. The effects of composite resin type, preheating and interactive effect of these variables on gap formation were significant (P<0.001). Post-hoc Tukey tests showed greater gap in dimethacrylate compared to silorane composite resins (P< 0.001). In each group, gap values were greater in composite resins at room temperature compared to composite resins after 40 preheating cycles (P<0.001).Conclusion. Gap formation at the gingival margins of Class V cavities decreased due to preheating of both composite re-sins. Preheating of silorane-based composites can result in the best marginal adaptation.

Effects of different kinds of beers on the surface roughness of glazed and polished methacrylate and Silorane-based composites: a 1-month study.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different kind of beers on the surface roughness of glazed and polished methacrylate- and Silorane-based resin composites after different immersion periods. Methacrylate-based resin composites (Tetric N-Ceram, Ceram-X) and a Silorane-based resin composite (Filtek Silorane) were tested in the study. A total of 126 specimens (n=42 for each composite) were fabricated using a cylindrical custom metal mould. Surface roughness measurement was performed using a profilometer at baseline and after a 1-week and 1-month immersion in different kind of beers or distilled water. The results were analysed using repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (α=0.05). Repeated measure ANOVA results revealed that immersion period was a significant factor in the surface roughness of the tested specimens (p<0.001). The lowest surface roughness values were obtained with the specimens' polished Optidisc+BisCover LV. Regardless of the polishing systems used, Tetric N-Ceram showed the statistically lowest surface roughness values (p<0.05), whereas Filtek Silorane showed the highest surface roughness (p<0.001). The surface roughness values of the tested resin composites were affected by the polishing procedure used, the exposure time in the solutions and the type of composite resin.

Comparison between physico-mechanical properties of three types of composite resins

Comparison between physico-mechanical properties of three types of composite resins

Factors affecting marginal integrity of class II bulk-fill composite resin restorations.

Background. Bulk-fill composite resins are a new type of resin-based composite resins, claimed to have the capacity to be placed in thick layers, up to 4 mm. This study was carried out to evaluate factors affecting gap formation in Cl II cavities restored using the bulk-fill technique. Methods. A total of 60 third molars were used in this study. Two Cl II cavities were prepared in each tooth, one on the mesial aspect 1 mm coronal to the CEJ and one on the distal aspect 1 mm apical to the CEJ. The teeth were divided into 4 groups: A: The cavities were restored using the bulk-fill technique with Filtek P90 composite resin and its adhesive system and light-cured with quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) light-curing unit. B: The cavities were restored similar to that in group A but light-cured with an LED light-curing unit. C: The cavities were restored using the bulk-fill technique with X-tra Fil composite resin and Clearfil SE Bond adhesive system and light-cured with a QTH curing unit. D: The cavities were restored similar to that in group C but light-cured with an LED light-curing unit. The gaps were examined under a stereomicroscope at ×60. Data were analyzed with General Linear Model test. In cases of statistical significance (P<0.05), post hoc Bonferroni test was used for further analyses. Results. The light-curing unit type had no effect on gap formation. However, the results were significant in relation to the composite resin type and margin location (P<0.001). The cumulative effects of light-curing unit*gingival margin and light-curing unit*composite resin type were not significant; however, the cumulative effect of composite rein type*gingival margin was significant (P=0.04) Conclusion. X-tra Fil composite exhibited smaller gaps compared with Filtek P90 composite with both light-curing units. Both composite resins exhibited smaller gaps at enamel margins.

Effect of preheat repetition on color stability of methacrylate- and silorane-based composite resins.

Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of preheating methacrylate- and silorane-based composite resins on their color stability up to 40 times at 55‒60°C. Methods. Seventy-six methacrylate and silorane-based composite resin samples, with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 2 mm, were divided into 4 groups (n=19). After the samples were prepared, their color parameters were determined using a reflective spectrophotometer. The composite resin samples were separately stored in a solution of tea for 40 consecutive days. Then the samples underwent a color determination procedure again using a spectrophotometer and color changes were recorded. Finally two-way ANOVA was used to study the effect of composite temperature on its staining (P<0.05). Independent-samples t-test was used to evaluate changes in conversion rates of preheated composite resin samples compared to non-heated samples at P=0.005 and P=0.029 for silorane-based and Z250 composite resin samples, respectively. Results. Both composite resin type (P=0.014) and preheating (P<0.001) had significant effects on ΔE. Conclusion. Repeated preheating of methacrylate- and silorane-based composite resin samples, up to 55‒60°C for 40 rounds, resulted in more color changes compared with unheated composite resin samples. After storage in a solution of tea the color change rate in the composite resin samples of silorane-based was higher than the Z250 composite resin samples.

The Effect of Different Light Cure Systems on Microhardness of Bulk Fill Composite Materials

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three types of light curing devices QTH, LED and Flashmax on the surface microhardness of three types of bulkfill composite resins; Filtek Bulkfill posterior composite ( 3M), Tetric Evo Ceram ( Ivoclar Vivadent) and Sonicfill composite ( Kerr) Materials and methods: Total number of 90 samples was prepared, 30 samples for each type of bulkfill composite, were divided into three main groups, group A: Filtek posterior bulkfil (3M), group B: Tetric Evo Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent) and group C: contain Sonicfill composite (kerr). Which then divided into three subgroups (n= 10) (1) Samples cured by QTH system (2) Samples cured by LED system and (3) samples cured by Flashmax system then all samples were subjected for microhardness test (by Vickers hardness tester). The data were recorded and statistically analyzed, by the ANOVA and the Tukey test. Results: the data was subjected to statistical analysis using one way ANOVA and Tukey test, the result revealed that there was a high significant difference among the tested units with LED had high VHN values followed by QTH while Flashmax had lowest VHN values, also there was high significant difference among the tested materials in which Sonicfill composite had higher VHN value followed by Tetric EvoCeram while Filtek bulkfill posterior composite had the lowest VHN. Conclusions: microhardness of the composite resin materials depend upon energy of the curing device, time of exposure, composition of the composite material.

Microtensile bond strength of repaired indirect resin composite.

PURPOSEThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of surface treatments on microtensile bond strengths (MTBSs) of two types of indirect resin composites bonded to a conventional direct resin composite.MATERIALS AND METHODSIndirect resin composite blocks of Ceramage and SR Nexco were prepared in a plastic mold having a dimension of 10 × 10 × 4 mm. These composite blocks were divided into three groups according to their surface treatments: Group1: Sandblast (SB); Group2: Sandblast and ultrasonically clean (SB+UL); Group3: Sandblast plus silane (SB+SI). After bonding with direct resin composite, indirect-direct resin composite blocks were kept in distilled water for 24 hours at 37℃ and cut into microbars with the dimension of 1 × 1 × 8 mm. Microbar specimens (n = 40 per group) were loaded using a universal testing machine. Failure modes and compositions were evaluated by SEM. The statistical analyses of MTBS were performed by two-way ANOVA and Dunnett's test at α = .05.RESULTSSurface treatments and brands had effects on the MTBS without an interaction between these two factors. For SR Nexco, the MTBSs of SB and SB+SI group were significantly higher than that of SB+UL. For Ceramage, the MTBSs of SB and SB+SI were significantly higher than that of SB+UL. The mean MTBS of the Ceramage specimens was significantly higher than that of SR Nexco for all surface treatments.CONCLUSIONSandblasting with or without silane application could improve the bond strengths of repaired indirect resin composites to a conventional direct resin composite.

Influence of Mechanical and Chemical Degradation in the Surface Roughness, Gloss, and Color of Microhybrid Composites.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of different degradations on the roughness, gloss, and color changes of microhybrid composites. Ten specimens were prepared for Charisma, Amelogen Plus, Point 4, and Opallis resins. Surfaces were polished and baseline measurements of roughness, gloss, and color were recorded. Specimens were then submitted to chemical and mechanical challenges, and the specimens were reevaluated. Roughness and gloss were analyzed by Kruskal -Wallis and Dunn's test (p < 0.05). Color change (ΔE) was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's tests (p < 0.05). The initial and final data were compared using the Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05). Spearman test checked the correlation between the roughness and gloss (p < 0.05). Regarding surface roughness and gloss, there was no difference between composites before challenges. However, all composites showed a significant increase of roughness after challenges, with highest values for Charisma. The gloss was influenced by challenges, evidencing the best gloss for Point 4. Charisma showed the highest value of color change. There was no correlation between surface roughness and gloss for the initial analysis, and after the challenges. Composites were influenced by association of challenges, and Charisma showed the highest changes for roughness, gloss, and color. The type of composite resin influenced the properties of materials, which are surface roughness, gloss, and color change. The dentist should be aware of the performance of different brands, to choose the correct required composite resin for each type of patient or region to be restored.

Evaluation of the Absorbance and Transmittance of the Optical Light for Three Different Types of Composite Resin Stored in Artificial Saliva (in vitro study)

Evaluation of the Absorbance and Transmittance of the Optical Light for Three Different Types of Composite Resin Stored in Artificial Saliva (in vitro study)

Equivalent Young’s modulus of composite resin for simulation of stress during dental restoration

ObjectivesFor shrinkage stress simulation in dental restoration, the elastic properties of composite resins should be acquired beforehand. This study proposes a formula to measure the equivalent Young’s modulus of a composite resin through a calculation scheme of the shrinkage stress in dental restoration. MethodsTwo types of composite resins remarkably different in the polymerization shrinkage strain were used for experimental verification: the methacrylate-type (Clearfil AP-X) and the silorane-type (Filtek P90). The linear shrinkage strains of the composite resins were gained through the bonded disk method. A formula to calculate the equivalent Young’s moduli of composite resin was derived on the basis of the restored ring substrate. Equivalent Young’s moduli were measured for the two types of composite resins through the formula. Those values were applied as input to a finite element analysis (FEA) for validation of the calculated shrinkage stress. SignificanceBoth of the measured moduli through the formula were appropriate for stress simulation of dental restoration in that the shrinkage stresses calculated by the FEA were in good agreement within 3.5% with the experimental values. The concept of equivalent Young’s modulus so measured could be applied for stress simulation of 2D and 3D dental restoration.

The effects of various finishing materials on the gloss and the color change of indirect prosthetic resin composites.

The effect of different polishing materials on the surface texture and the color change of indirect prosthetic resin composite materials exposed to a staining agent was studied. Six different resin composites were polished using the same procedures and were measured for the gloss. After exposed to a coffee solution, the changes were measured on the color properties. The six different types of resin composites were further divided into four groups of eight specimens each for the different surface polishing procedure. The gloss was measured by a gloss meter (TC-108D, Tokyo-Densyoku, Tokyo, Japan) with an angle of 45 degrees and expressed in gloss units (GU). Before and after exposure to the staining agent, the color measurements of all specimens were recorded with a colorimeter (TC-1800MKII, Tokyo-Densyoku, Tokyo, Japan) using CIE L* a* b*. All specimens were stored in the coffee solution for 5 weeks at 37 degrees C. Most of the resin composites showed the highest gloss and staining resistances when the fine silicone diamond polishing point was used. The results of this study suggested that there are differences in the gloss and the color changes depending on the filler type and the composition of the polishing materials.

Effect of LED and Argon Laser on Degree of Conversion and Temperature Rise of Hybrid and Low Shrinkage Composite Resins.

Objectives:Different light curing units are used for polymerization of composite resins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) and temperature rise in hybrid and low shrinkage composite resins cured by LED and Argon Laser curing lights.Materials and Methods:DC was measured using FTIR spectroscopy. For measuring temperature rise, composite resin samples were placed in Teflon molds and cured from the top. The thermocouple under samples recorded the temperature rise. After initial radiation and specimens reaching the ambient temperature, reirradiation was done and temperature was recorded again. Both temperature rise and DC data submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey-HSD tests (5% significance).Results:The obtained results revealed that DC was not significantly different between the understudy composite resins or curing units. Low shrinkage composite resin showed a significantly higher temperature rise than hybrid composite resin. Argon laser caused the lowest temperature rise among the curing units.Conclusion:Energy density of light curing units was correlated with the DC. Type of composite resin and light curing unit had a significant effect on temperature rise due to polymerization and curing unit, respectively.

Comparing Color Change Value of Three Types of Composite Resins in Distilled Water during the First 24 Hours after Exposure to Light

Comparing Color Change Value of Three Types of Composite Resins in Distilled Water during the First 24 Hours after Exposure to Light

Longevity of restorations in direct composite resin: literature review

ABSTRACT Composite resin restorations have increased considerably in popularity and predictability, enabling the realization of a minimally invasive dental treatment. However, to obtain the success of composite resin restorations, knowledge of adhesives and the use of the technique are required, otherwise failure may appear quickly. The objective of the present work was to conduct a literature review on the clinical performance of different types of composite resins and adhesive systems with regard to longevity. For this evaluation, some characteristics of the restorations were immediately verified after they were completed and after a determined time. Characteristics such as postoperative sensitivity, color, marginal integrity, secondary caries, texture, marginal adaptation, retention, displacement, marginal discoloration and anatomical shape had their performances compared. The influence of different adhesive systems on the longevity of the restorations was also observed as a function of its fundamental importance in the union between the tooth and the restorative material. It was concluded that most restorations performed clinically acceptable when hybrid, nanoparticle or microhybrid composite resins and conventional adhesive systems were used.

Influence of Exposure Time to Coffee on Color Stability of Selected Composite Resin Veneers

Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of the time and instant coffee solution on the color stability of three types of composite resin based veneer systems. Materials and Methods: 24 composite resin veneer samples were selected and divided into three groups: two groups of prefabricated veneers (Edelweiss, Ultradent Inc™ (EDL) and Componeer, Coltène/Whaledent AGTM (CMP)) and one group of laboratory made (Nexco, Ivoclar Vivadent (NEX)) veneer system were tested (n=8). Specimens were prepared and stored in staining solution (instant coffee) and assessed color changes with Minolta spectrophotometer every three days for a period of 27 days, after which color differences (ΔE*) were calculated. Data collection and analysis was done using one-way ANOVA and Student’s t-test (α=0.05). Results: One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in color stability between the two veneer systems. NEX group veneer system exhibited the highest color stability (ΔE*= 0.73 ± 0.5) as compared to prefabricated veneer groups (EDL 10.07 ± 5.15, CMP 7.41 ± 4.64) with p value &lt;0.05. Conclusion: The color stability (ΔE*) of the laboratory made veneer system is significantly higher than the prefabricated veneer systems and more clinically accepted.

The Effect of Siwak and Brushing on Cariogenic Bacteria and Surface Characteristics of Enamel and Two Brands of resin Composite (An in vitro study)*

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of siwak extract and toothbrush using two brands of toothpaste one containing siwak extract and one without on the cariogenic bacteria and surface characteristic of enamel and two types of composite resin. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 specimens were used in the present study. The specimens were divided into three groups according to the type of material used (n=30); Enamel specimens, Feltk Z350 specimens, and Tetric-N-Ceram Specimens. Each group was further subdivided into 3 subgroups according to the methodof treatment (n=10); specimens treated with Siwak sticks, specimens treated with toothbrush and toothpaste containing Siwak, and specimens treated with toothbrush and toothpaste not containing Siwak. All specimens were stained by coffee and tea stains, then surface treatment was done using electrical toothbrushing machine. Color measurements,surface roughness for all specimens and wear resistance for composite resin specimens were done after staining and then after surface treatment. Antimicrobial activity was done using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Results:Antimicrobial activity of toothpaste containing siwak showed the lowest significant (MIC) on all the tested microorganisms. There was a statistically significant differences in the ΔE values and ΔW values of the treated subgroups. Moreover, significant differences in Ra values were observed between the control and stained specimens, as well as between subgroups treated with Siwak sticks, toothpaste containing Siwak, and toothpaste not containing Siwak. Conclusions: Siwak and toothpaste containing siwak are effective in removing the stains from enamel and resin composite surface without increase surface roughness or causing wear of the resin composite, however, the impact of the toothpaste containing siwak was more effective than siwak extract on the tested microorganisms.

PERBANDINGAN KEBOCORAN TEPI ANTARA RESTORASI RESIN KOMPOSIT TIPE BULK-FILL DAN TIPE PACKABLE DENGAN PENGGUNAAN SISTEM ADHESIF TOTAL ETCH DAN SELF ETCH

Background: Composite resin has been widely used because of it's great aesthetic and physico-chemical properties. Type of posterior composite resins mostly used nowadays are packable and bulk-fill composite resins. Shrinkage in composite resin resulting microleakage that could lead to pulp sensitivity. Dentin bonding adhesive system can help to minimalize shrinkage. There are two type of adhesive system, the total etch and self etch group. The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage between bulk-fill and packable composit resin with two different types of dentin bonding adhesive system. Method: twenty premolar teeth used as sample. The teeth were divided into four groups of 5 teeth each and Class I cavity preparations were prepared. The groups are : G1 (PC + TE), G2 (PC + SE), G3 (BC + TE), G4 (BC + SE). The specimens were thermocycled, stained with methylene blue dye, and sectioned to evaluate the dye penetration.Result: Kruskal Wallis test showed no difference among 4 groups. Meanwhile, Mann Whitney test showed significance difference between G2 - G3, and G3 - G4.Conclus/on: The study demonstrated that total etch has better sealing ability than self etch and there was no significant microleakage difference between bulkfill composite and packable composite.