Communicative Activity Types Research Articles

COMMUNICATIVE ESSENCE OF POLITICAL DISCOURSE: CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES AND MAIN FUNCTIONS

Objective. The objective of the article is to substantiate the communicative essence and semantic features and characteristics of political discourse as a subject of linguistic and political research. Methods. The main scientific results are obtained using a set of general scientific and special research methods, such as: analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific literature, induction, deduction (to identify approaches to understand the essence of political discourse and its characteristics). Results. Discourse is one of the most important communicative categories that reflects speech interaction. It is the subject of study of various sciences, such as sociology, political science, philosophy and others. Analytical review of research on discourse, in particular political, shows that the representation of this scientific topic has its own tradition, marked by the undoubted achievements of researchers who consider political discourse as a type of communicative activity, interactive phenomenon, speech flow having various forms of expression (oral, written, paralingual), takes place within a specific channel of communication, is governed by the strategies and tactics of the participants; synthesis of cognitive, linguistic and extralinguistic (social, mental, psychological, etc.) factors that are determined by a specific range of “life forms”. It is determined that political discourse is a complex mental-communicative activity, which is a set of process and result and includes both non-lingual and linguistic aspects and is focused on the transfer of political information rather than on perlocutionary influence on the electorate (persuasion motivation to action) through the implementation of appropriate strategies and tactics. As a discursive practice, political discourse is characterized by a number of specific features (institutionality, informativeness, semantic uncertainty, remoteness and authoritarianism, theatricality, dynamism), among which manipulativeness has one of the leading roles. The author attempts to distinguish different types of political discourse according to the content characteristics and the addressee.

Stability and hybridity in refugee legal advice meetings

This article offers new insights into the discursive structuring of legal advice communication. Drawing on interactional data from eight legal advice meetings between one immigration lawyer and several different clients concerning the reunification of refugee families, the article employs communicative activity type (CAT) as a meso-level analytical approach to reveal the dynamically structured discursive organisation of these meetings. I show that whilst the stable discursive structure of the legal advice meeting evident in these data broadly confirms existing pedagogic models of legal advice communication, three different kinds of hybridity are also evident, revealing flexible use of the discursive structure in everyday practice. I also show that this stable but flexible discursive structure functions as a resource to support intercultural communication in this immigration advice context. This finding contrasts with analyses of intercultural communication in institutional gatekeeping interactions, which have argued that discursive structure functions as a barrier. The present study demonstrates the importance in discourse analysis of considering the purpose of an intercultural interaction when interpreting the meanings and functions of hybridity in discursive structure. The CAT analysis enhances our understanding of existing legal advice communication research, and functions as a heuristic for viewing legal advice as a form of institutionally grounded intercultural communication.

Роль чтения текстов в обучении иностранным языкам (на примере исторических текстов), стратегии чтения

The article considers reading as one of the essential types of students' communicative and cognitive activities. Reading as a speech activity is focused on extracting information from the text and carries out different functions: it makes for the practical development of a foreign language; it is a way of learning language and culture, a means of information and educational activities and self-development. Reading is a means of acquiring knowledge in various spheres of speech activity in learning foreign language that can help to adapt in a foreign communicative environment. Reading strategies for successful application of a foreign language are considered. The classification of types of reading is given. It has been inferred that there is a need to introduce into the program of effective teaching a foreign language the aspect of reading various types of texts.

Argumentation in Nigerian investigative public hearings

Abstract This paper examines defendants’ argumentative discourse in the 2008 Nigerian investigative public hearings on the Federal Capital Territory administration. The data, which consist of nine defendants’ presentations, are analyzed qualitatively, using a combination of the pragma-dialectical and extended pragma-dialectical theories of argumentation. The findings show that the hearing panel initially starts of as the institutional protagonist and defendants as the antagonists, and but later serve as the institutional antagonist and protagonists, respectively. The defendants tend to use analogy and causal argumentation schemes while employing subordinative and complementary coordinative argumentation structures. The defendants also employ different strategic maneuvers at different argumentative stages of the critical discussion. Due to the politico-forensic communicative domain and information-seeking genre of the investigative public hearing discourse, the concluding stage is suspended. Thus, the study shows the influence of communicative activity type on the argumentative activities in a critical discussion.

Inleiding

Abstract Introduction to special issue on political debate This special issue is dedicated to the retirement of former editor in chief of the Tijdschrift voor Taalbeheersing Ton van Haaften. It presents an investigation of some aspects of the communicative activity type ‘political debate’ from both a discourse and a historical angle. A special focus is put on Dutch parliamentary debate, of which it is shown that its norms and conventions originate from nineteenth century parliamentary discussions on how to conduct such a debate. Ever since, the strategy of attacking politicians personally has both been employed for rhetorical purposes and fiercely criticized. It was also the (late) nineteenth century when a rhetorical style was introduced in politics, i.e. by former pastor and politician Abraham Kuyper, whose famous ‘Maranatha’ speech to his followers is analyzed for its rhetorical features. Today, even more than in Kuyper’s days, politicians claim to speak on behalf of ‘the people’. An inventory of the ways in which populist politician Geert Wilders presents his appeals to the people shows four stylistic features that may have a strategic function.

Pragma-Dialectical Reconstruction of Crisis Diary-Writing as a Communicative Activity Type

This paper concerns the character of argumentation in inner dialogue, i.e. dialogue that an individual keeps to herself in her own mind. The problem of inner dialogue research is the methodological difficulty connected with its externalization. In the text, the activity of crisis diary-writing is suggested as a way of naturally externalizing inner decision-making. By adopting a pragma-dialectic approach to argumentation, the text attempts to characterize crisis diary-writing as an argumentative activity type. The argumentative characterization of crisis diary-writing involves identifying the institutional point and implemented genre as well as distinguishing the empirical counterparts of the four stages of critical discussion. For illustration, the paper draws its examples from Anne Frank’s Diary. As a result of the characterization achieved in the paper, it is concluded that crisis diary-writing is a conventionalized deliberative activity type preconditioned by implicit norms governing the conduct of argumentation.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КОМП’ЮТЕРНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ВИКЛАДАННІ МОРСЬКОЇ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ

The goal of our research is using computer technologies, namely video materials, at the lessons of Maritime English. The system of exercises based on video resources was implemented into EASA (Engage, Activate 1, Study, Activate 2) lesson model for developing speaking competencies of future deck officers. Video represents the language in a live context at the lessons, because this learning tool is authentic. It links lessons to the real world and shows the language in action. The use of video is very effective in developing students' communicative culture, because video materials not only introduce students to the native language of their speakers, but also immerse them in a situation where they become familiar with the language of facial expressions and gestures, the style of interaction of people. Video materials allow students to assign tasks to interpreting facial expressions and gestures, recognizing the style of relationships, to avoid gross mistakes in a real situation, while communicating with foreigners. You can use videos such as: educational videos, documental film, cartoons, video recordings of television news and other television programs, advertising. There are three main stages of work with video: pre-viewing activities, while-viewing activities, post-viewing activities. The tasks used during the first stage should be aimed at preparing the students for the video material. At the textual stage, the demonstration of the video material itself must be accompanied by active educational activities of the student-viewers. The purpose of these tasks is to control the level of understanding. The third stage is aimed at creating a situational basis for further development of communicative competence. The content of the video, the features of the story, the characteristics of the participants and the situation should be the basis for the situation. At this stage, exercises aimed at developing productive oral skills are used. As the practice of teaching English at KSMA shows, the use of video materials facilitate increasing cadets' motivation to learn English, and moreover improve their listening and speaking skills. So, there are four types of communication activities involved while working with video materisls: listening, speaking, reading and writing, that allows to speak about the effectiveness and appropriateness of using authentic video at the lessons of Maritime English.

Організація комунікативних заходів в публічних бібліотеках України (на прикладі ЦМБ ім. В.Г. Короленка)

The publication defines the role of public libraries in modern information space. Noted that modern libraries need a model of governance that would provide the opportunity to meet the information needs of consumers. The fulfilment of these conditions will not only solve the problem of the reform of the library but also create a basis for the development and implementation of systemic innovations in library institutions of the country. A comprehensive study of outreach activities in public libraries of Ukraine becomes in modern conditions is important and necessary, because it affects the search for new forms and methods that will identify the most promising measures that would meet the new needs and requirements. The communicative event is the leading direction of the modern library and is perceived as an important component of their social and cultural activities. The organization and carrying out communication activities in the library is an effective tool for overcoming communication problems and aimed at the establishment and the establishment of communication links between the "librarian - user", "user - information", "user - user", with the aim to developing means of internal and external information relations; the formation instituting and application not instituting channels of interpersonal communication and knowledge sharing. The peculiarities of organization of communicative activities as public libraries, in particular on the example of Central city. V. G. Korolenko, doctor of Mariupol in the conditions of reforming librarianship. Stressed that the Central city. V. G. Korolenko is a modern informational, recreational centre for the local community, as well as a methodological centre for all libraries of the city. Considered the basis of the types of communicative activities in Central city. V. G. Korolenko based on analytical materials and the official website of the library, namely the opening of the city Museum of literature, the Internet centre, the Point of the European information, club activities of interest for various category and the population of miles. Noted that along with the official site in a network the Internet the library staff to inform users actively use social networking and Internet blog. This type of communication allows you to establish informal contact with users and promote libraries as information, cultural, educational, recreational, public agencies in providing required information to various segments of the population. Outlined perspective directions of development of communicative vectors in library-information activities on the principle of users ' information needs in the information society.

Effects of communicative activity types for speaking skills and strategic Korean use on interaction for learning English.

In English learning situations, communicative activities can promote effective English learning while facilitating interaction for learning English with emphasis on meaning. In these communicative activities, strategic Korean use can solve communication problems and support interaction for learning English while lowering the cognitive load of using English. In this respect, this study investigated the effects of communicative activity types for speaking skills and strategic Korean use on interaction in elementary English learning situations. For this study, open and closed communicative activities were designed, and in each type of activities, the effects of the English-only condition and the strategic Korean use condition on interaction were analyzed. Twenty sixth graders in an elementary school participated in the communicative activities. Their utterances were recorded and analyzed in terms of the amount of interaction, the level of vocabulary, interest and confidence in English use. The main findings of this study are as follows: closed activities can promote interaction that uses limited expressions accurately and can increase confidence in English use. On the other hand, open activities can facilitate interaction that uses a variety of expressions fluently and can increase interest in English use. In open activities, strategic Korean use can increase confidence in English use too.

Appeals to Science: Recirculation of Online Claims in Socioscientific Reasoning

Conflicting knowledge claims regarding complex issues have become readily available through networked digital media, and the introduction of Internet access to classrooms has provided opportunities for accessing a huge number of sources. Science education plays an important role in providing students opportunities to seek and evaluate information and engage in reasoning. The aim of this article is to analyze ways upper secondary science students invoke recirculated online claims originating from a scientific paper in conversations regarding genetically modified organisms (GMO), and to understand how such invocations are effective in order for students to engage accountably. By using the notion of communicative activity types—the meaning and function of the recirculated claims were analyzed in (1) a peer discussion, (2) a debate, and (3) a reflective seminar. The persuasive power of the discursive resource “appeals to science” is illustrated when students enlist scientific objectivity and rigor to underpin the credibility of arguments in a debate, and when qualifying a reflective position in a seminar, whereas they reflect on how actors in a Web context use appeals to science rhetorically when engaged in a discussion with peers reporting online claims. The study offers insight into kinds of communicative competences involved in conversations and how “scientific facts” justify, in this case, opposition to GMO. Finally, it is reflected upon the importance of not only learning how to make well-founded knowledge claims, but also to understand how science is used rhetorically in order to develop appropriate responses to complex issues in the digital age.

Types of Communicative Action in A Midsummer Night’s Dream

Types of Communicative Action in A Midsummer Night’s Dream

FORMATION OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMPETENCE OF READING ON THE UPPER DEGREE OF STUDY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Abstract. This article is devoted to the problem of the formation of the competence of the English language reading on upper degree; the general characteristics of competence of reading in English language on the upper degree are given; the aims of the competence of reading in English language are defined; examples of exercises, characteristics of means and the issue of the assessment of the competence of reading in English language described, the specifics of competency education in English lessons are determined.
 The article proves that one of the types of communicative activities in foreign language classes is reading. There is considered the general characteristics of foreign language competence of reading, the purpose of its formation in pupils; is given description of exercises and tasks; is described the means of forming the competence of reading at the highest level and control the level of its formation.
 In this work it is shown on what depends the meaningful aspect of reading and which two basic levels of understanding of the text are present during the study; the necessary conditions for forming the competence of reading English at the highest level are the relevant principles of learning; the theoretical basis of the methodology of reading on lessons should have general educative laws and principles for the construction of any learning process. Also, in this article it is proved that the ability to read allows pupils, in their further work and training, to use literature in a foreign language to find information on the speciality, to satisfy their readership or creative interests, and to improve the skills of oral speech.
 For solving the problems were used general scientific methods of theoretical and empirical research which mutually complement each other and provided the possibility of comprehensive knowledge of the subject of research. Methods (analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, comparison and generalization of facts) were used at the stage of theoretical research. Other methods were decisive in developing a set of exercises for teaching English language instruction for senior students.

Reading as a way of teaching english

English is one of the most widely spoken languages in almost all countries of the world. The evergrowing need for fluency in English throughout the world has led linguists and teachers to prioritize the search for more effective ways of teaching language skills, one of which is reading. Owning this type of communicative activity, a person understands everything he reads, and responds adequately to what he has read, converting his thoughts in response. Reading any text in a foreign language and answering questions about the text or expressing their opinion about the read, the student learns the skills of monologue speech. The speech feature of reading as a type of communicative activity plays a special role at various stages of mastering the English language, which is why every modern teacher or English teacher necessarily includes reading tasks in his lesson. In this article, the author considers the importance of reading in the study and teaching of English or any other foreign language, presents approaches to teaching reading that can be used in reading and parsing any text, introduces various strategies in teaching reading, and describes common ways of teaching reading to students in the classroom.

Translation and Localization: On Translation Compression and Extension of Information

This paper considers the problem of completeness of information transfer during translation; the latter is understood as a type of communicative activity on transposing full-value verbal messages from one culture (and language) into another culture (and language). The main attention is devoted to the translation transformations of compression, or contraction, and extension of information. The viewpoint that the term “translation with elements of localization” is valid is supported. The analysis is based on authentic texts of scientific, technical, and business literature.

Listening as a way of teaching English

English is the most common language in the world. The growing need for fluency in English throughout the world has led linguists and teachers to prioritize the search for more effective ways of teaching language skills, one of which is listening. Owning this type of communication activity, a person understands everything that he is told, and adequately responds to what is said, converting his thoughts in response. This is the basis of Dialogic speech. The speech feature of listening as a type of communicative activity plays a special role at various stages of mastering the English language, which is why every modern teacher or teacher of the English language necessarily includes listening tasks in his lesson. In this article, the author considers the importance of listening in teaching a foreign language, identifies approaches that can be used when listening to the text, presents listening strategies, and provides the most convenient and common way to teach listening in the classroom.

Types of communicative activities and communication for the information exchange as lingvo-cognitive aspects of the SPEECH concept

Types of communicative activities and communication for the information exchange as lingvo-cognitive aspects of the SPEECH concept

СУТНІСТЬ ЗВ’ЯЗКІВ З ГРОМАДСЬКІСТЮ В СИСТЕМІ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

Today, an important role in the development of domestic society is given to the reliable public awareness of the processes that take place in our state, and not only in it. The Basic Law provides for the right of citizens to obtain the necessary information on the activities of the governing bodies. In states with a developed democracy, public administration bodies provide the public with the necessary information in a timely manner, as effective communication between government and the public becomes increasingly important for the development of civil society. That is why the public administration bodies in order to improve their own activities, to improve the image, authority, and trust of citizens should establish effective relations with them. The article analyzes the main scientific approaches to the definition of «public relations» Public relations as a multidimensional phenomenon of management activity is characterized. Objectives, object, object, subject of public relations in public administration bodies are defined. The content of tasks, functions, principles and methods of modern public relations in the sphere of public administration is revealed. The author formulates the actual definition of public relations and defines the essence of public relations in the authorities in the process of comparing the various types of communicative activities that organizations use to establish and develop contacts with society. The article looks at public relations as a system of elements that are in constant interconnection. The main models of relations between public authorities and public relations instruments are described. The relations with the public are considered in the framework of strategic and tactical approaches. Ways of the implementation of public relations in the bodies of state power are analyzed.

Responsabilidad social universitaria: el papel de los medios de comunicación y sus stakeholders

En este artículo se analiza la importancia creciente de la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria (RSU), impulsada por un cambio de visión por parte de los equipos rectores de las instituciones académicas. Ese cambio se materializa en diversos aspectos. En este trabajo nos centraremos en cómo la Universidad implementa sus principios de RSU mediante la comunicación con sus grupos de interés. Tras una revisión bibliográfica, se toma como estudio de caso la Universidad de Málaga y se analizan distintas acciones comunicativas encaminadas a que esta institución transmita a los distintos grupos de interés los aspectos referentes a su RSU. El análisis versa sobre dos escenarios comunicativos diferenciados: la comunicación directa de la misma Universidad a través de sus páginas corporativas y la comunicación de éstas a través de los medios de comunicación. Ambos tipos de acciones comunicativas tienen dimensiones diferenciadas, se dirigen a grupos de interés heterogéneos y cumplen misiones diversas. Por lo tanto, se tratan de manifestaciones distintas de un mismo objetivo, presidido en ambos casos por el principio de coherencia y correspondencia entre ambas. El análisis de la información institucional de la Universidad de Málaga muestra la importancia que ésta concede a la comunicación para transmitir a sus grupos de interés, además del grado de adecuación o cumplimiento con los principios de la responsabilidad social, su visión e identidad como organización

IT‐mediated social interactions and knowledge sharing: Role of competence‐based trust and background heterogeneity

AbstractIn the knowledge‐based economy, organizational success is dependent on how effectively organizational employees share information. Many studies have investigated how different types of communication activities and communications media influence knowledge sharing. We contribute to this literature by examining increasingly prevalent yet understudied IT‐mediated social interactions and their effects on knowledge sharing among employees in comparison to face‐to‐face social connections. By integrating the literature on knowledge sharing, social networks, and information systems, we theorize the ability of IT‐mediated social interaction to (1) afford interactions between individuals with heterogeneous backgrounds and (2) facilitate frequent IT‐mediated social interactions that are high in competence‐based trust—both supporting effective sharing of knowledge. Through a social network analysis of the employees in a high‐tech organization, this study finds that IT‐mediated frequent social interactions are the most effective in promoting knowledge sharing.

Argumentation Theory and Argumentative Practices: A Vital but Complex Relationship

To illustrate the development of argumentation theory, the paper traces the journey of the pragma-dialectical theory as it widened its scope, step by step, from an abstract model of critical discussion to the complexities of actual argumentative discourse. It describes how, having contextualized, empiricalized and formalized their approach, pragma-dialecticians are now putting the theory’s analytical instruments to good use in identifying prototypical argumentative patterns in specific communicative activity types in the various communicative domains. This means that they can now start answering the crucial question about the typical characteristics of their discourse asked by interested lawyers, politicians, academics and other practitioners of argumentation.