Common Type Research Articles

Upper mesophotic reef fish assemblages at Bahía de Banderas, Mexico.

There is no information on the species associated with the mesophotic reefs of Banderas Bay, located in the central Mexican Pacific. This study analysed the reef fish assemblage from three depths (50, 60 and 70 m) in three sampling sites of the southern submarine canyon of the Bay: Los Arcos, Bajo de Emirio and Majahuitas. Several analyses were performed to test the hypothesis that there are important differences in fish abundance and species composition between sites and depths. Twenty-two species of bony fishes grouped in 14 families were recorded. PERMANOVA results showed that there were no significant differences in fish diversity parameters between sites, indicating a certain uniformity in their distribution. However, nine species were exclusive to one site and depth (five singleton species with only one individual recorded and four unique species recorded only once). On the other hand, there were significant differences between depths, mainly between 50 and 70 m. Diversity decreases with depth and species composition changes. SIMPER, Shade Plot and NMDS analysis show the most representative species at each depth, with at least half of the species (11) recorded only at 50 m and four species at the deeper levels (60 - 70 m). The observed assemblage includes several of the most caught species in the shallow water artisanal fishery, which is the most traditional and common type of fishery in the Bay. In addition, the Pomacanthuszonipectus (Cortés angelfish) is of particular interest, as it has a special protection status in the official Mexican standard (NOM-059-SEMARNAT, 2010) due to its use as an ornamental species in aquaria. We hypothesised that the mesophotic zone may serve as a refuge for these fishes, so we propose that the information obtained is an important basis for new research aimed at the sustainable management of fisheries in the area.

Conflict Avoidance in Social Navigation—a Survey

A major goal in robotics is to enable intelligent mobile robots to operate smoothly in shared human-robot environments. One of the most fundamental capabilities in service of this goal is competent navigation in this “social” context. As a result, there has been a recent surge of research on social navigation; and especially as it relates to the handling of conflicts between agents during social navigation. These developments introduce a variety of models and algorithms, however as this research area is inherently interdisciplinary, many of the relevant papers are not comparable and there is no shared standard vocabulary. This survey aims at bridging this gap by introducing such a common language, using it to survey existing work, and highlighting open problems. It starts by defining the boundaries of this survey to a limited, yet highly common type of social navigation—conflict avoidance. Within this proposed scope, this survey introduces a detailed taxonomy of the conflict avoidance components. This survey then maps existing work into this taxonomy, while discussing papers using its framing. Finally, this article proposes some future research directions and open problems that are currently on the frontier of social navigation to aid ongoing and future research.

SafeCheck: Detecting smart contract vulnerabilities based on static program analysis methods

AbstractEthereum smart contracts are a special type of computer programs. Once deployed on the blockchain, they cannot be modified. This presents a significant challenge to the security of smart contracts. Previous research has proposed static and dynamic detection tools to identify vulnerabilities in smart contracts. These tools check contract vulnerabilities based on predefined rules, and the accuracy of detection strongly depends on the design of the rules. However, the constant emergence of new vulnerability types and strategies for vulnerability protection leads to numerous false positives and false negatives by tools. To address this problem, we analyze the characteristics of vulnerabilities in smart contracts and the corresponding protection strategies. We convert the contracts' bytecode into an intermediate representation to extract semantic information of the contracts. Based on this semantic information, we establish a set of detection rules based on semantic facts and implement a vulnerability detection tool SafeCheck using static program analysis methods. The tool is used to detect six common types of vulnerabilities in smart contracts. We have extensively evaluated SafeCheck on real Ethereum smart contracts and compared it to other tools. The experimental results show that SafeCheck performs better in smart contract vulnerability detection compared to other typical tools, with a high F‐measure (up to 83.1%) for its entire dataset.

Cost evaluation of continuation of therapy with dalbavancin compared to standard-of-care antibiotics alone in hospitalized persons who inject drugs with severe gram-positive infections.

Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at risk for severe gram-positive infections and may require prolonged hospitalization and intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy. Dalbavancin (DBV) is a long-acting lipoglycopeptide that may reduce costs and provide effective treatment in this population. This was a retrospective review of PWID with severe gram-positive infections. Patients admitted from January 1, 2017, to November 1, 2019 (standard-of-care [SOC] group) and from November 15, 2019, to March 31, 2022 (DBV group) were included. The primary outcome was the total cost to the healthcare system. Secondary outcomes included hospital days saved and treatment failure. A total of 87 patients were included (37 in the DBV group and 50 in the SOC group). Patients were a median of 34 years old and were predominantly Caucasian (82%). Staphylococcus aureus (82%) was the most common organism, and bacteremia (71%) was the most common type of infection. Compared to the SOC group, the DBV group would have had a median of 14 additional days of hospitalization if they had stayed to complete their therapy (P = 0.014). The median total cost to the healthcare system was significantly lower in the DBV group than in the SOC group ($31,698.00 vs $45,093.50; P = 0.035). The rate of treatment failure was similar between the groups (32.4% in the DBV group vs 36% in the SOC group; P = 0.729). DBV is a cost-saving alternative to SOC IV antibiotics for severe gram-positive infections in PWID, with similar treatment outcomes. Larger prospective studies, including other patient populations, may demonstrate additional benefit.

Characteristics of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> carriage in the pediatric population

Objective: to investigate the regional peculiarities of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in the pediatric population and characterize the dominant serotypes of the pathogen.
 Materials and methods. The clinical study group consisted of 509 healthy children attending preschool institutions. Examination of nasopharyngeal samples for the detection of S. pneumonae was carried out by classical bacteriological and molecular biological methods. The serotype was determined by real-time PCR. Genome-wide sequencing of the serogroups 15 and 11 isolates and bioinformatic analysis were performed.
 Results. The S. pneumoniae bacterial carriers in the group of healthy children was detected in 207 children (40.7%), while the frequency of detection of S. pneumoniae in urban children living in Kazan was significantly higher than in children living in rural area and amounted to 53.4 and 31.1%, respectively (p 0.05). Among children vaccinated with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13), S. pneumoniae carriers were not detected in 57.5% of cases. There were no significant differences in the degree of nasopharyngeal contamination depending on the vaccination status. Analysis of the serotype composition indicates the predominance of vaccine serotypes (57.7%), while the share of serotypes included in the PСV-13 vaccine accounts for only 24.7%, the share of non-vaccine serotypes was 32.1%, untyped — 10.2%. In unvaccinated children, vaccine serotypes that are part of the PCV-13 and 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine prevailed (PPSV-23): 6ABCD (21%), 11 AD (15%), 14 (13%). In vaccinated children, serotypes not included in the active vaccines dominated: 15AF (17.4%), 23A (19.2%), as well as 11AD (19.6%) (11А is included in PPSV-23). The 27 Kz isolate (serotype 15C) belonged to one of the most common sequence types ST1025. The 105_Kz isolate (serotype 11D) belonged to another common sequence type ST 62.
 Conclusion. In order to improve epidemiological surveillance of pneumococcal infection, it is necessary to introduce the monitoring of circulating clonal complexes of dominant S. pneumoniae serogroups and analyze the genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance and virulence depending on the sequence type.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma LINC01116 Outcompetes T Cells for Linoleic Acid and Accelerates Tumor Progression.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer with a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and a typical pattern of disturbances in hepatic lipid metabolism. Long non-coding RNAs are shown to play an important role in the regulation of gene expression, but much remains unknown between tumor microenvironment and lipid metabolism as a bridging molecule. Here, long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 01116 (LINC01116) acts as this molecular which is frequently upregulated in HCC patients and associated with HCC progression in vitro and in vivo is identified. Mechanistically, LINC01116 stabilizes EWS RNA-binding protein 1 (EWSR1) by preventing RAD18 E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase (RAD18) -mediated ubiquitination. The enhanced EWSR1 protein upregulates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARA)and fatty acid binding protein1 (FABP1) expression, a long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) transporter, and thus cancer cells outcompete T cells for LCFAs, especially linoleic acid, for seeding their own growth, leading to T cell malfunction and HCC malignant progression. In a preclinical animal model, the blockade of LINC01116 leads to enhanced efficacy of anti-PD1 treatment accompanied by increased cytotoxic T cell and decreased exhausted T cellinfiltration. Collectively, LINC01116 is an immunometabolic lncRNA and the LINC01116-EWSR1-PPARA-FABP1 axis may be targetable for cancer immunotherapy.

A Study Of Drug Use Pattern Among Patients Admitted With Respiratory Tract Infections At A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Study

Background: Upper and lower respiratory tract infections are the two categories into which respiratory tract infections fall. Tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, some influenza strains, and the common cold are examples of upper respiratory tract infections. Objective: To study the drug use pattern given to patients admitted with respiratory tract infections in hospital. Cases were collected from MRD and to assess the rationality of these prescriptions given in our hospital. Methodology: A retrospective observational study was conducted for three months from December 2023 to February 2024 in Navodaya medical college, hospital & research centre with a sample size of 100. Data were collected from MRD. Result: Among the 100 cases collected, most of the respiratory tract infected patients where in the age group of (15-30) years. Most common types of diagnosis in patients were found to be LRTI (36%) infections. Total number of antibiotics that were prescribed where 80 and the most common antibiotic that was prescribed is amoxicillin clavulanic acid. Conclusion: In this study the prescribing patterns for the management of URTIs in the hospital were inconsistent with current guidelines. Quality use of antibiotics can help prevent the emergence of AMR; At the investigation site the prescribers are not having any standard anti-infection endorsing rules for RTIs nor are they following any standard rules accessible.

KRAS Mutation Detection with (2S,4R)-4-[18F]FGln for Noninvasive PDAC Diagnosis.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which has a poor prognosis and nonspecific symptoms and progresses rapidly, is the most common pancreatic cancer type. Inhibitors targeting KRAS G12D and G12C mutations have been pivotal in PDAC treatment. Cancer cells with different KRAS mutations exhibit various degrees of glutamine dependency; in particular, cells with KRAS G12D mutations exhibit increased glutamine uptake. (2S,4R)-4-[18F]FGln has recently been developed for clinical cancer diagnosis and tumor cell metabolism analysis. Thus, we verified the heterogeneity of glutamine dependency in PDAC models with different KRAS mutations by a visual and noninvasive method with (2S,4R)-4-[18F]FGln. Two tumor-bearing mouse models (bearing the KRAS G12D or G12C mutation) were injected with (2S,4R)-4-[18F]FGln, and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging features and biodistribution were observed and analyzed. The SUVmax in the regions of interest (ROI) was significantly higher in PANC-1 (G12D) tumors than in MIA PaCa-2 (G12C) tumors. Biodistribution analysis revealed higher tumor accumulation of (2S,4R)-4-[18F]FGln and other metrics, such as T/M and T/B, in the PANC-1 mouse models compared to those in the MIAPaCa-2 mouse models. In conclusion, PDAC cells with the KRAS G12D and G12C mutations exhibit various degrees of (2S,4R)-4-[18F]FGln uptake, indicating that (2S,4R)-4-[18F]FGln might be applied to detect KRAS G12C and G12D mutations and provide treatment guidance.

Hidradenocarcinoma: A Case Series From the Scripps Clinic With a Systematic Review of the Literature.

Hidradenocarcinoma (HAC) is a rare adnexal carcinoma. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no published systematic reviews on HAC. To incorporate a case series from the authors' institution and systematically integrate reported information to provide a reference tool for optimization of diagnosis and management. A comprehensive MEDLINE search was conducted from database inception to 2021 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. This yielded 225 studies with 165 cases of HAC. References of included articles were also searched. In addition, 9 patients with HAC were identified from the authors' institution over the past 10 years. The mean age of HAC presentation is 60 years with a slight male predilection (60%). The head and neck is the most commonly affected region. Over 36% of cases either presented with metastatic disease or went on to metastasize. The most common treatment type was wide local excision, followed by Mohs micrographic surgery. Early detection with accurate histologic interpretation is prudent in all cases of HAC. Wide local excision is the current first-line treatment. However, Mohs micrographic surgery offers complete marginal analysis with evidence of reduced risk of metastasis and better outcomes compared with wide local excision. Currently, there are no National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for the treatment of HAC, and consensus guidelines are limited to tumor and nodal metastasis staging provided by the American Joint Committee on Cancer, eighth edition. Thus, this case series and systematic review integrates important aspects of diagnosis, workup, and management of HAC.

A method of particleboard surface defect detection and recognition based on deep learning

ABSTRACT Particleboard is a material for furniture and other wooden industrial products, directly impacting the service life of the final product. In this study, an innovative dual-attention mechanism, the Dense Connection Idea (DC-DACB), which combines Ganomaly and ResNet networks to detect and identify surface defects on particleboards was proposed. The model demonstrates superior performance in fine-grained direction. Evaluation metrics including precision, recall, average F1Score, and mAP are employed. Comparative analysis with Faster-RCNN and Yolo v5 baseline models reveals a 2.4% and 2.2% improvement in mAP for particleboard surface-defect detection. Moreover, the model exhibits excellent accuracy (93.1%) in recognizing five common defect types: shaving, scratches, chalk marks, soft spots, and adhesive spots. Comparative analysis with SE-Net, SA-Net, the original CBAM, and self-attention further supports its effectiveness in particleboard surface-defect detection. The integration of artificial-intelligence detection technology enables the timely detection of production process issues, reduces wood resource waste, and benefit the production of the enterprise.

CACA guidelines for holistic integrative management of lung cancer

Lung cancer (LC) is among the malignant tumors with the highest disease burden in the world, accounting for approximately 11.4% of all cancer cases, and LC was the 2nd most common type of malignant tumor. The editing of the CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Lung Cancer aimed to facilitate the enhancement of lung cancer diagnosis and comprehensive treatment in China.The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Lung Cancer include the epidemiology, the early detection, the comprehensive diagnosis, the treatment (including surgical, medical and radiological treatment), rehabilitation, and some general principles for both non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC).The main objective of this guideline is to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment process of lung cancer, with a specific focus on enhancing the management of this disease in China.

Unraveling Skin Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Examination of Diagnosis, Treatment Strategies, and Emerging Therapeutic Avenues in Skin Cancer Management.

Cancer that begins in the skin is by far the most common kind of skin cancer found everywhere in the globe. It is further subdivided into groups, such as basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, in addition to other, less common types of skin cancer. In this article, the diagnostic aspects that need to be taken into consideration when utilizing these new guidelines, go over the essential features of cutaneous SCC, conduct an analysis of recent changes in the category of cutaneous SCC, and speak about recent advancements in the categorization of cutaneous SCC. Over the course of the past decade, photodynamic therapy has developed into a potentially effective treatment for a variety of solid tumors that may be found in people. The combination of metallic nanoparticles and phytoconstituents as a therapy for skin cancer has the potential to be more successful than each treatment used independently. In this article, the various treatment modalities for skin cancer were examined. This included excision surgery, Mohs surgery, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. These were then followed by targeted therapy or immunotherapy, in addition to surgery, radiation, or photodynamic therapy. Since excision surgery is the most typical procedure used to eradicate skin cancer, we concentrate on it in particular.

Which Households Raise Livestock in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas of Eight Developing Asian Countries?

In many developing countries, ensuring a stable and affordable supply of safe and nutritious food for urban dwellers, especially impoverished households, has become an urgent policy issue due to growing urban populations. Since urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) has emerged as a potential solution, research interest in UPA has increased. However, most studies have been conducted in specific African towns, and analyses in Asian countries are scarce. In addition, further research must be performed on urban and peri-urban livestock farming (UPLF), which may provide animal-based protein to the urban population. Therefore, this study aims to clarify who raises livestock in the urban and peri-urban areas of eight developing Asian countries using raw data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). The aggregation results reveal that at least 10% of households keep livestock, with more than 30% of households in four of the eight Asian countries practicing UPLF. Poultry is the most common type of livestock, and the number of animals per household is usually limited. Logistic regression analysis reveals that poorer families are more likely to raise livestock, suggesting UPLF can enhance food and nutritional security for low-income households.

Characteristics of Cancer Stem Cells and Their Potential Role in Endometrial Cancer.

Endometrial cancer is one of most common types of gynaecological tumours in developing countries. It has been suggested that cancer stem cells play an important role in the development of endometrial cancer. These are a subset of highly tumorigenic cells with similar features to normal stem cells (unlimited proliferation, multi-potential differentiation, self-renewal, aggressiveness, invasion, recurrence, and chemo- and endocrine therapy resistance). Wnt/β-catenin, Hedghog, and Notch1 are the most frequently activated pathways in endometrial cancer stem cells. The presence of cancer stem cells is associated with the resistance to chemotherapy caused by different mechanisms. Various markers, including CD24, CD40, CD44, CD9, CD133, and CD 166, have been identified on the surface of these cells. A higher expression of such markers translates into enhanced tumorigenicity. However, there is no strong evidence showing that any of these identified markers can be used as the universal marker for endometrial cancer stem cells. Growing data from genomic and proteomic profiling shed some light on the understanding of the molecular basis of cancers in humans and the role of cancer stem cells. However, there is much left to discover. Therefore, more studies are needed to fully uncover their functional mechanisms in order to prevent the development and recurrence of cancer, as well as to enhance treatment effectiveness.

Features of the Dermatoglyphic Foot Pattern in Suicider Males

Since suicide is one of the most common types of violent death among people of working age (including military personnel) and children, it is necessary to conduct in-depth studies of the structure of skin patterns in a group of people with completed suicide in order to develop methods of active suicide prevention. In order to determine the propensity to commit suicide, the dermatoglyphs of the distal phalanges and metacarpal pads of the toes of 138 male subjects aged 18 to 59 years who committed suicide and 100 control subjects aged 18 to 59 years were studied. The type of pattern (arc, tibial or fibular loop, curl, complex pattern), delta and comb counts were determined. It was found that the suicide group differs from the control group mainly in a higher number of interruptions (ending X) of the main plantar lines A, B and C; an increase in the frequency of arc patterns on most toes of both feet with a degree of reliability; a decrease in the frequency of curls on the third toe of the left foot to 44.5±11.2 (p<0.001) and an increase in the frequency of this pattern on the second toes of both feet; an increase in the value of the comb count in the area of the tibial edge of the foot, with a decrease in the values near the fibular edge of the foot.

The Most Common Types of Bias in a Human Bitemark Analysis

Given that some suspected perpetrators were wrongly convicted, a defective bitemark analysis is comparable to dentists’ most crucial clinical decisions regarding assessment. Bias affects human bitemark analysis beyond the limitation of the evidence itself. The aim of this study was to explore the potential for different types of bias in bitemark analysis and the methods involved in that analysis by conducting a scoping review. Results showed that the 14 articles that explore the topic of bias in bitemark analysis were published from 2006-2022. Publications were from the USA mainly (n = 7), followed by the UK (n = 3), Australia (n = 2), New Zealand, (n = 1) and the Netherlands (n = 1). Of these publications, 36% addressed contextual bias, while 57% acknowledged cognitive bias. According to the findings, preventive measures consist of limiting the availability of unrelated data during research, employing several comparison samples for a more impartial assessment, and repeating the analysis while being blind to past findings. Nevertheless, the physical limitations of the evidence such as distortions are still strongly present.

Guided Wave-Based Early-Stage Debonding Detection and Assessment in Stiffened Panel Using Machine Learning With Deep Auto-Encoded Features

Abstract Debonding between stiffener and base plate is a very common type of damage in stiffened panels. Numerous efforts have been made for debonding assessment in the stiffened panel structure using guided wave-based techniques. However, these studies are limited to the detection of through-the-flange-width debonding (i.e., full debonding). This paper attempts to develop a methodology for the detection and assessment of early-stage debonding (i.e., partial debonding) in the stiffened panel using machine learning (ML) algorithms. An experimentally validated finite element (FE) simulation model is used to create an initial guided wave dataset containing several debonding scenarios. This dataset is processed through a data augmentation process, followed by feature extraction involving higher harmonics of guided waves. Thereafter, the extracted feature is compressed using a deep autoencoder model. The compressed feature is used for hyperparameter tuning, training, and testing of several supervised ML algorithms, and their performance in the identification of debonding zone and prediction of its size is analyzed. Finally, the trained ML algorithms are tested with experimental data showing that the ML algorithms closely predict the zones of debonding and their sizes. The proposed methodology is an advancement in debonding assessment, specifically addressing early-stage debonding in stiffened panels.

Evidence of geographic variation in the non-signature whistle repertoires of two isolated populations of New Zealand common bottlenose dolphin

ABSTRACT Dolphins are social animals that depend on sound to communicate, navigate, and find food. The aim of our research was to describe dolphin whistle characteristics and compare whistles between two isolated populations of bottlenose dolphins in New Zealand. We focused on three aspects of dolphin bioacoustics (1) classification of whistles; (2) comparison of the whistles of two discrete bottlenose dolphin populations; and (3) comparison of whistles of dolphin populations from around the world. At Great Barrier Island, the most common type of whistle was upsweep followed by sine, while at Doubtful Sound, convex and sine whistles were the most common whistle types. Random Forest models discriminated between whistles from the two populations with an estimated accuracy of 90%. The key differences were whistle-type contour, duration, and end frequency. Linear Mixed models show that whistle acoustic parameters were influenced by location but not by group size or the presence of immatures. Whistle parameters of both populations fell within the range of multiple populations from around the world. This studyprovides a benchmark for future research into drivers of geographic variation in dolphin vocal communication.

Review of the application of the most current sophisticated image processing methods for the skin cancer diagnostics purposes.

This paper presents the most current and innovative solutions applying modern digital image processing methods for the purpose of skin cancer diagnostics. Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancers. It is said that in the USA only, one in five people will develop skin cancer and this trend is constantly increasing. Implementation of new, non-invasive methods plays a crucial role in both identification and prevention of skin cancer occurrence. Early diagnosis and treatment are needed in order to decrease the number of deaths due to this disease. This paper also contains some information regarding the most common skin cancer types, mortality and epidemiological data for Poland, Europe, Canada and the USA. It also covers the most efficient and modern image recognition methods based on the artificial intelligence applied currently for diagnostics purposes. In this work, both professional, sophisticated as well as inexpensive solutions were presented. This paper is a review paper and covers the period of 2017 and 2022 when it comes to solutions and statistics. The authors decided to focus on the latest data, mostly due to the rapid technology development and increased number of new methods, which positively affects diagnosis and prognosis.

Epidemiology, clinical features, and classification of 3,404 patients with uveitis: Colombian Uveitis Multicenter Study (COL-UVEA).

To describe the epidemiology, clinical features, and classification of uveitis in a large cohort of Colombian patients. Data were collected from seven ophthalmological referral centers in the four main cities in Colombia. The study included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of uveitisfrom January 2010 to December 2022. Information on demographics, ophthalmic examination findings, uveitis classification, and etiology was recorded. The study reviewed 3,404 clinical records of patients with uveitis. The mean age at diagnosis was 41.1 (SD 19.0) years, and 54.2% of the patients were female. Overall, 1,341(39.4%) were infectious, 626 (18.4%) non-infectious, and four masquerade syndromes (0.1%). The most common types of uveitis were unilateral (66.7%), acute (48.3%), and non-granulomatous (83%). Anterior uveitis was the most common anatomical localization (49.5%), followed by posterior uveitis (22.9%), panuveitis (22.3%), and intermediate uveitis (5.2%). A diagnosis was established in 3,252 (95.5%) cases; idiopathic was the most common cause (27.7%), followed by toxoplasmosis (25.3%) and virus-associated uveitis (6.4%). The age group between 30 and 50 exhibited the highest frequency of uveitis. This multicenter study comprehensively describes uveitis characteristics in Colombian patients, providing valuable insights into its demographic and clinical features. The study findings emphasize the need to continue updating the changing patternsof uveitis to improve diagnosis and treatment strategies for diseases associated with intraocular inflammation.