Types Of Catalysts Research Articles

SILP Type Catalyst Based on H3PMo12O40: Composition of Heteropolyanions According to Mass Spectrometry Data and Activity in Oxidation of Sulfur-Containing Substrates

SILP Type Catalyst Based on H3PMo12O40: Composition of Heteropolyanions According to Mass Spectrometry Data and Activity in Oxidation of Sulfur-Containing Substrates

Enhance the Proportion of Fe3+ in NiFe-Layered Double Hydroxides by utilizing Citric Acid to Improve the Efficiency and Durability of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

NiFe-layered double hydroxides (NiFe-LDH) are a type of catalyst known for their exceptional catalytic performance during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this study, citric acid was incorporated into the synthesis process of NiFe-LDH, resulting in the NiFe-LDH-CA catalyst with superior OER performance. The catalytic efficacy was evaluated using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), which demonstrated a significant reduction in the overpotential for OER from 320 mV to 240 mV at a current density of 100 mA cm-2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) indicate that the distribution of nickel valence states showed no significant difference between two samples. However, the NiFe-LDH-CA exhibits a markedly higher proportion of Fe3+ ions in its iron content. In-situ Raman spectroscopes reveal that Fe3+ broadens the redox potential of nickel and Pourbaix diagrams indicate that higher Fe3+ levels could facilitate the interaction with oxygen active sites. Based on the analysis of test data, we propose a hypothesis that the high proportion of Fe3+ in catalysts may accelerate the oxygen evolution process by modulating the redox potential of nickel and engaging with reactive oxygen species. This provides valuable insights into how to improve the reaction rate of nickel-based catalysts.

Development and Application of Green Catalysts: Challenges, Optimization, and Future Perspectives

This paper comprehensively reviews the development and application of green catalysts in modern chemical industries, with a focus on analyzing the significant advantages of various types of green catalysts, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and enzyme catalysts, in improving reaction efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and minimizing by-product generation. The paper delves into the design and synthesis of green catalysts, optimization of reaction conditions, and technologies for catalyst recycling and regeneration, highlighting their key roles in enhancing catalyst performance. Despite challenges such as high material costs, complex synthesis processes, and issues with stability and durability in practical applications, continuous technological innovation and process improvements offer promising solutions. As global attention to sustainable development grows, green catalysts are expected to have broad applications in emerging fields such as carbon capture and utilization, renewable energy conversion, and environmental remediation, thereby driving the green transformation and low-carbon development of the chemical industry and providing strong technical support for achieving global sustainability goals.

Impact of Metal Ions, Peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and pH on Sulfolane Degradation by Pressurized Ozonation

This study investigated the degradation of sulfolane using pressurized ozonation under varying initial concentrations and the influence of different catalysts and peroxymonosulfate activation methods on the degradation efficiency. Initial sulfolane concentrations of 1 mg L−1, 20 mg L−1, and 100 mg L−1 were tested over 120 min, revealing a degradation efficiency of 73%, 41%, and 18%, respectively. The addition of various metal ions (Zn2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Co2+) demonstrated that only zinc and magnesium enhanced degradation, with zinc achieving a 92% removal efficiency and magnesium achieving 86%. Different doses of magnesium and zinc were further tested, showing optimal degradation at specific concentrations. The combination of PMS with ozonation was explored, revealing that zinc activation did not significantly enhance degradation, while NaOH activation achieved near-total degradation, with a 100 mg L−1 NaOH concentration. Varying PMS concentrations indicated that altering pH was more effective than changing PMS dosage. Finally, the impact of pH changes in both reverse osmosis water and tap water matrices confirmed that higher pH levels significantly improved degradation efficacy, achieving up to 98% removal with NaOH concentrations of 50 mg L−1 in reverse osmosis water. These results suggest that optimizing pH and catalyst type are critical for enhancing sulfolane degradation in pressurized ozonation systems.

Transition Metal Catalyzed Deuteration via Hydrogen Isotope Exchange

Direct hydrogen isotope exchange represents a distinctive strategy for deuterium labelling, where the protium is directly replaced by deuterium. In this graphic review, we summarized the progress in deuteration via transition metal catalyzed hydrogen isotope exchange. The review was organized according to the mechanism of C-H bond activation in the homogeneous catalysis, and the heterogeneous catalysis was also discussed according to the catalyst type. Representative mechanistic processes were depicted, and proven cases for tritiation were also highlighted.

Upgrading co-pyrolysis products from ternary biomass: An investigative study of commercial and locally-made catalysts

Catalysts play a pivotal role in influencing product yields and compositions in pyrolysis processes, offering significant advantages for biomass conversion. This study investigates the impact of natural and commercial catalysts on the co-pyrolysis of ternary biomass at two different temperatures (550 °C and 750 °C). At higher temperatures, secondary decompositions become prominent, leading to increased gas yields and decreased char and liquid oil yields. The introduction of catalysts generally enhances char yields across both temperature regimes. Notably, CaCO3 exhibits the highest bio-oil yield, while Ca(OH)2 shows the lowest, with reversed trends observed for gas yields. The influence of catalysts extends to gas composition, with Ca(OH)2 and zeolite notably increasing CH4 and CO2 concentrations at 750 °C. Each catalyst type exerts specific effects on gas production and composition, underscoring the intricate interplay between catalysts and reaction pathways. Additionally, catalysts significantly alter the composition of bio-oil, with calcium-based catalysts reducing acid content and increasing aromatics, while zeolites exhibit contrasting trends at different temperatures. Noteworthy compounds identified in the resulting bio-oil include bisphenol A, levoglucosan, phenols, and p-cresol, offering potential applications in plastics, biofuels, resins, and more. Overall, catalysts offer the potential to enhance specific compound yields, reduce corrosiveness, and optimize bio-oil and char composition for diverse industrial applications, highlighting the need for further research into synergistic effects when combining different catalysts.

Facilitating the electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural on nickel hydroxide through deintercalation

The electrocatalytic of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR) is an alternative route for the green production of valuable oxygenated chemicals. Nickel hydroxides, which consist of hydroxide layers and interlayer charge-balancing anions, are a type of promising catalysts for HMFOR. Progresses have been made on elucidating the correlation between the hydroxide layer and HMFOR performance, while the effect of intercalated anions on the activity remains unclear. Herein, two self-supported nickel hydroxide catalysts (i.e., pristine Ni(OH)2/CP-F and deintercalated Ni(OH)2/CP-A) are employed for revealing the relationship between anion-deintercalation and HMFOR activity. Physical characterizations demonstrate that the deintercalation phenomenon can alter the d-band center and increase the electron density of the Ni site. This endows the deintercalated Ni(OH)2/CP-A with improved electrochemical properties (conversion = 99.99 %; FDCA yield > 99 %; FE > 99 %), enhanced adsorption strength for HMF, and increased intrinsic activity, compared to the pristine Ni(OH)2/CP-F. This work not only reports an excellent HMFOR electrocatalyst, but also manifests the crucial effect of deintercalation on the electrochemical oxidation performance of Ni(OH)2.

Efficient recovery of Pd(II) from nuclear wastewater using a functionalized covalent organic frameworks with uniform spherical structure: Size control, performance and mechanism insight

The efficient recovery of palladium from the spent nuclear fuel was of great significance to the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Herein, the uniform spherical COFs were constructed by a facile approach at room temperature, which were further surface functionalized by a thiol-ene “click” reaction to recover Pd(II). Microscopic and spectroscopic studies manifested that the formation mechanism and size of spherical COFs were greatly affected by the amount of catalyst and solvent type. The TAPB-BPTA-DTT and TAPB-BPTA-S-β-CD exhibited high Pd(II) recovery efficiency due to the introduction of sulfhydryl groups, and the maximum adsorption capacities were 489.3 and 234.3 mg/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the water environmental condition played an important role in the separation process, and the classical adsorption models demonstrated that monolayer chemisorption was the dominant removal mechanism. Mechanism analysis showed that the excellent adsorption performance was mainly attributed to the electrostatic interaction, physical absorption and chelation of N, O, and S groups with Pd(II). Thus, it is expected that this work could provide more insight into COFs materials, thereby promoting palladium removal advancements in the spent nuclear fuel.

Electronic structure modulation of yttrium sites with heteroanions coordination enhances the bidirectional catalytic performance of lithium-sulfur batteries

Oxyfluorides exhibit unique properties, including catalytic activity and electrical conductivity. However, to date, there has been minimal application of oxyfluorides in the field of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. This study synthesizes yttrium oxyfluoride-doped semi-encapsulated porous carbon nanofibers (YOF@PCNFs) using through electrospinning strategy for the separator coating in Li-S batteries. The precisely engineered OF heteroanionic environment surrounding the Y cation can adjust the lattice spacing and electronic density of the catalyst. This enhancement improves interactions between the active sites and the reactants, intermediates, and products, reduces the energy barrier for polysulfide (LiPSs) conversion, and enhances the bidirectional catalytic conversion capability of LiPSs. Furthermore, the semi-encapsulated structure helps inhibit polysulfide shuttle and ensures uniform Li-ion deposition. Improved catalysts and the interconnected special structure can establish a series of polysulfides conversion factories which operate efficiently over the long term through a “confinement-adsorption-catalysis-desorption” process, thereby enhancing battery cycling stability. The assembled Li-S full cell exhibits a high initial capacity of 1013.2 mAh/g at 1 mA cm−2 and maintains steady operation over 1500 cycles, with a minimal capacity decay rate of only 0.039 % per cycle. Even at a high current density of 4 mA cm−2, it operates for 200 cycles with an exceptionally low decay rate of 0.081 % per cycle. The study provides an anion hybrid strategy for typical metal catalysts, offering design guidelines for tailored advanced Li-S catalysts.

Conversion of C4F8 via plasma catalysis over Al2O3/Zr/SO4-2 catalyst: Effects of H2O(g)

Reducing the emission of octafluorocyclobutane (C4F8) which has a high global warming potential (GWP) of 10,300 is essential. This study investigated the effectiveness of C4F8 removal achieved with plasma catalysis system. Effects of Ar content in the gas stream and inlet C4F8 concentration on C4F8 conversion efficiency were evaluated with two types of catalysts including Al2O3 (A) and Al2O3 /ZrO2/SO42-(AZS). Results demonstrated a linear correlation between Ar content with C4F8 conversion, and energy efficiency (EE). Lissajous figure analysis coupled with BOLSIG + simulations revealed that the AZS catalyst applied increased the mean electron energy (MEE) to 2.68 eV and modified the electron energy distribution function (EEDF), likely contributing to its superior performance. At a C4F8 concentration of 400 ppm, the AZS catalyst coupled with plasma achieved 80 % conversion with an EE of 1.85 g/kWh. Interestingly, at an optimal inlet C4F8 concentration of 5,000 ppm, the highest EE (11 g/kWh) was obtained with a C4F8 conversion efficiency of 18 %. The addition of H2O(g) as a reactant resulted in complete C4F8 conversion when AZS catalyst was applied. The optimal plasma-catalytic conditions determined through C4F8 conversion, EE and CO2 equivalent (CO2e) assessments, yielded a CO2e emission (CO2e) to CO2 reduction (CO2r) ratio of 1:9.09. Product analysis revealed the formation of CO2, CO, and HF during C4F8 conversion with AZS catalyst in the presence of H2O(g). The system was operated at 12 kV for the gas stream containing 50 % Ar and N2 as carrier gas at a flow rate of 100 mL/min. These findings highlight the potential of plasma catalysis for the effective abatement of C4F8, offering a promising strategy for mitigating its environmental impact.

A Hybrid Soft Sensor Framework for Real-Time Biodiesel Yield Prediction: Integrating Mechanistic Models and Machine Learning Algorithms

Biodiesel yield prediction is vital for optimizing process efficiency, minimizing costs, and maintaining product quality. Traditional methods are labor-intensive, costly, and lack real-time capabilities, leading to inefficiencies in operations. Data-driven soft sensors offer real-time prediction but require extensive, high-quality datasets, posing practical challenges. To address these limitations, this study proposes a hybrid soft sensor model that integrates mechanistic and data-driven approaches. Mechanistic models were utilized to generate computational data via MATLAB®, reducing the reliance on costly laboratory experiments. A comprehensive dataset (n=1500) comprising seven input variables—catalyst type, feedstock type, temperature, reaction time, free fatty acid (FFA) content, water content, and methanol-to-oil ratio—along with one output variable (biodiesel yield) was developed. This dataset was used to train various machine learning algorithms, with the artificial neural network (ANN) model demonstrating the highest predictive accuracy, achieving an R2 (goodness of fit) of 0.998 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.303. Hyperparameter tuning further enhanced the model’s performance, reducing RMSE and the mean absolute error (MAE) by 63% and 61.7%, respectively. By combining mechanistic and data-driven techniques, this hybrid model effectively overcomes the limitations of traditional and purely data-driven methods, providing a cost-effective and efficient solution for biodiesel yield prediction and data generation.

Influence of alumina on the performance of Ag/ZnO based catalysts for carbon dioxide hydrogenation

We study silver-zinc oxide type catalysts with and without the addition of alumina and perform structural analysis and activity tests for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide. Adding alumina has a dispersing effect on the zinc oxide without structurally altering the silver phase. An alumina-surface enriched ZnO/Al2O3 phase is observed with an increased surface reducibility. Ag/ZnO has a high selectivity towards carbon monoxide (63 ± 12 %) and methane (24 ± 3 %) and low selectivity towards methanol (13 ± 0.5 %). Operando infrared (SSITKA-FTIR) and mass spectrometric product detection indicate methane formation via an adsorbed carbon monoxide (COads) intermediate. The selectivity changes gradually with increasing alumina content, up to 80 ± 3 % toward methanol, and 20 ± 4 % carbon monoxide without methane detection, combined with a tripling of the space time yield to 0.65 ± 0.02mmolMeOH*gcat-1*h−1 at 250 °C and 30 bar. Kinetic analysis suggests that the selectivity change originates from hindering the CO-pathway, while the formate pathway leading to methanol remains active.

Characterization and optimization of biodiesel production from corn oil using heterogeneous MoO3/MCM-41 catalysts

Different types of heterogeneous catalysts have been developed worldwide and tested for biodiesel production from corn oil as a feedstock via the transesterification and esterification reactions. In this study, varying contents of MoO3 were incorporated into the mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 using the pore saturation method to form heterogeneous catalysts (MoO3/MCM-41). Characterization results confirmed the formation of the MCM-41 structure and the mesoporous phase filling by molybdenum, along with different surface areas, volume, and pore diameters. The silanol groups impart acidity to the molecular sieve, and a molybdenum content above the optimum reduced the availability of acidic sites on the catalyst surface, filling the micro and mesoporous channels, resulting in lower acidity. Catalytic performance was evaluated using a 22 factorial design with three center points to optimize reaction parameters including MoO3content and temperature. The maximum yield was 87.87 %, achieved with a 3 % catalyst load containing 15 wt% MoO3, at an oil-to-alcohol molar ratio of 1:20 at 150 °C for 3 h. Temperature had the most significant influence on biodiesel yield.

UiO-66(Zr)-2OH-Supported Pd0 NP Catalysts Accelerated a Fenton-Like Reaction: Iron Cycling and Hydrogen Peroxide Generation Achieved Simultaneously.

Both the sluggish kinetics of Fe(II) regeneration and usage restriction of H2O2 have severely hindered the scientific progress of the Fenton reaction toward practical applications. Herein, a reduction strategy of activated hydrogen, which was used to simultaneously generate H2O2 and accelerate the regeneration of ferrous in a Fenton-like reaction based on the reduction of activated hydrogen derived from H2, was proposed. Two types of composite catalysts, namely, Pd/UiO-66(Zr)-2OH and Pd@UiO-66(Zr)-2OH, were successfully prepared by loading nano-Pd particles onto the outer and inner pores of UiO-66(Zr)-2OH in different loading modes, respectively. They were used to enhance the reduction of activated hydrogen. The characterization results based on the analysis of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the materials were successfully prepared. By using a trace amount of ferrous iron and without adding H2O2, trimethoprim (C0 = 20 mg·L-1), as a target pollutant, could be nearly 100% degraded within 180 min in the reaction system composed of these two materials. The cycle of iron and the self-generation of H2O2 were verified by the detection of ferrous H2O2 in the system. Density functional theory calculation results further confirmed that the pore-filled Pd0 NPs, as the main catalytic site for Pd@UiO-66(Zr)-2OH, could produce H2O2 under the combined action of hydrogen and oxygen. The Pd@UiO-66(Zr)-2OH system had excellent stability after multiple applications (at least 6 cycles), all of which resulted in 100% removal of trimethoprim. The degradation efficiency of the Pd/UiO-66(Zr)-2OH system for TMP gradually decreased from 97 to 80% after six cycles. The results of electron paramagnetic resonance combined with classical radical burst experiments revealed the degradation pathways in the reaction system with hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen as the main reactive oxygen particles.

Chiral Organic Salt Supported Pd Nanoparticles as Selective Heterogeneous Catalysts of Hydrogenation Reactions

AbstractIn this study, we report the synthesis of a new type of chiral crystalline organic porous salt CF2 derived from the ionic reaction between tetrakis(4‐sulfophenyl)methane (TSPM) and the tetra‐(S)‐prolylamide of tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)methane, (S)‐TPPM, and its ability to stabilize 2 nm palladium nanoparticles to give a novel, nonpyrophoric, chiral, catalytic material Pd@CF2. The preparation of the catalyst was very simple and conducted in water. The heterogeneous catalytic performance of Pd@CF2 was tested in hydrogen reductions of olefins and substituted nitroaromatic compounds using Pd/C as a comparison to determine the specific features of the novel catalyst. Although both types of catalysts exhibited similar catalytic activity in case of reductions of diphenylacetylene and nitrobenzene, Pd@CF2 predominantly promoted the reduction of p‐nitrobenzaldehyde to p‐aminobenzyl alcohol whereas Pd/C gave p‐toluidine. The reduction of p‐dinitrobenzene led to predominant formation of p‐nitrophenylhydroxylamine if promoted by the novel catalyst and to a mixture of products if promoted by Pd/C. In addition, the introduction of p‐alkoxy groups onto nitrobenzenes slowed down the reduction with Pd@CF2 but had no influence on Pd/C activity. A hypothesis ascribing these observations to dissimilar equilibrium distributions of nitro and polar groups within the organic framework and the palladium metal surface is proposed to rationalize the selectivity of the novel catalytic material.

Comparative Study of Catalysis Strategies: Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Vs. Michael's Addition of Indoles to Nitroalkenes

Indoles are critical in natural amalgamation for their flexible jobs in drugs, regular items, and material science, exhibiting huge pharmacological and compound reactivity. Due to their versatility and high reactivity, nitroalkenes are essential electrophilic partners in organic synthesis. While indoles and nitroalkenes are used in both Michael addition and Friedel-Crafts alkylation for producing carbon-carbon bonds, the catalyst types and reactions involved are different. Michael addition employs conjugate addition, whereas Friedel-Crafts alkylation employs electrophilic aromatic substitution. Each technique has a different level of selectivity and distinct synthetic applications. This review examines the advancements and persistent challenges in catalysis, focusing on the comparative methodologies of Friedel-Crafts alkylation and Michael addition involving indoles and nitroalkenes. Emphasizing green chemistry principles, it discusses the potential for sustainable and efficient synthetic processes through the use of innovative catalysts, including photocatalysis and biocatalysis. The integration of computational studies and interdisciplinary collaboration is essential for developing economically viable and environmentally responsible chemical synthesis, ultimately contributing to the creation of advanced materials and pharmaceuticals.

Levulinic Acid Production from Artichoke Leaves (Cynara Scolymus L.) by Catalytic Hydrothermal Reaction

In addition to examining the highest yield production of Levulinic acid (LA) from artichoke leaves by the subcritical catalytic hydrothermal decomposition, the studies were carried out on also increasing the production yields of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), Acetic and Formic acid from this biomass. In order to obtain the most suitable reaction conditions, the effect of different reaction conditions, including different temperature, reaction time, pH and catalyst types, on the decomposition of artichoke leaves and product yields were investigated. The subcritical thermal decomposition studies of artichoke leaves were carried out in an autoclave system at temperatures (120°C, 140°C, 160°C, and 180°C) for reaction times of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min in the presence of H2SO4, HNO3, and HCL catalysts with different pH values; these reactions were realized also without adding a catalyst. As a result of the detailed research, it was seen that the most suitable experimental conditions for the production of LA with the highest yield from artichoke leaves could be achieved by adding sulfuric acid with a pH of 0.5 at a reaction temperature of 180°C and a reaction time of 50 min. The investigations were continued till achieving the highest product yields. After carrying out the experiments stated above, the optimal yields of the products produced from the artichoke biomass by the reactions were found as 209.39 g/kg biomass for LA, 117.40 g/kg biomass for formic acid, 72.27 g/kg biomass for acetic acid, and 39.04 g/kg biomass for 5-HMF.

Copper single atoms decorated iridium nanoparticles for the selective hydrogenation of bromonitrobenzene

The interaction between metals is an important factor to modify the catalytic roles of metallic catalysts, and it is highly desirable to reveal the relationship between metal-metal interaction and catalytic performance. Three types of Ir-Cu catalysts including Cu single atoms modified Ir nanoparticles and Ir-Cu alloy catalysts are prepared to observe the modifying role of Cu on Ir. Under relatively high temperature treatment, Ir-Cu alloy can be produced from Cu single atoms and Ir nanoparticles. The selectivity to bromoaniline (BAN) over Cu/C-Ir catalyst can be up to 99.9 % at the 100 % conversion of bromonitrobenzene (BNB), which is higher than that over Ir/C (94.3 %) and Ir-Cu/C alloy catalyst (98.5 %). The turnover frequencies (TOFs) of Cu/C-Ir catalysts are evidently lower than that of the Ir-Cu/C alloy catalyst, though their dispersions are higher than that of Ir-Cu/C alloy catalyst. The electronic transfer from Cu single atoms to Ir nanoparticles not only weakens the hydrogen adsorption ability but reduces the number of active sites available for splitting hydrogen molecules into hydrogen atoms, leading to a decrease in the catalytic activity for the selective hydrogenation of BNB. The interaction exerted by unalloyed Cu single atoms on Ir nanoparticles differs from that of alloyed Cu on Ir, which may be the possible reason for the different catalytic performance between Cu single atoms modified Ir nanoparticles and Ir-Cu alloy.

Heterogeneous Catalytic Materials for Carbon dioxide Transformation: Efficient Carboxylation Cyclization to Cyclic Carbonates and Oxazolidinones

The exacerbation of environmental issues is increasingly attributed to the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) . CO2 is a cost‐effective and readily available C1 source. The conversion of CO2 into value‐added organic chemicals, such as cyclic carbonate and 2‐oxazolidinone, through carboxylation cyclization reactions shows promise in reducing carbon emissions and combating climate change. The use of catalysts can facilitate this process, with heterogeneous catalysts emerging as favorable due to their advantages of easy recovery and structural stability. This paper provides a comprehensive review of heterogeneous catalysts that have been utilized for the carboxylation cyclization of CO2 to afford cyclic carbonates and oxazolidinones in recent years. The catalysts include metal organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, super‐crosslinked polymers, conjugated microporous polymers, porous ionic organic polymers, and composite materials. We give a detailed synthesis route for each type of catalysts. Furthermore, the characteristics of the catalysts, such as BET specific surface area, CO2 adsorption capacity, and catalytic performance, is summarized and analyzed to offer insights for improving heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 conversion via carboxylation cyclization reactions in future research.

Electrophotocatalysis for Organic Synthesis.

Electrocatalysis and photocatalysis have been the focus of extensive research efforts in organic synthesis in recent decades, and these powerful strategies have provided a wealth of new methods to construct complex molecules. Despite these intense efforts, only recently has there been a significant focus on the combined use of these two modalities. Nevertheless, the past five years have witnessed rapidly growing interest in the area of electrophotocatalysis. This hybrid strategy capitalizes on the enormous benefits of using photons as reagents while also employing an electric potential as a convenient and tunable source or sink of electrons. Research on this topic has led to a number of methods for C-H functionalization, reductive cross-coupling, and olefin addition among others. This field has also seen the use of a broad range of catalyst types, including both metal and organocatalysts. Of particular note has been work with open-shell photocatalysts, which tend to have comparatively large redox potentials. Electrochemistry provides a convenient means to generate such species, making electrophotocatalysis particularly amenable to this intriguing class of redox catalyst. This review surveys methods in the area of electrophotocatalysis as applied to organic synthesis, organized broadly into oxidative, reductive, and redox neutral transformations.