Types Of Card Research Articles

Multi-Scale Normalization Method Combined With a Deep CNN Diagnosis Model of Dynamometer Card in SRP Well

There are more than 20 types of dynamometer card measured of sucker rod pumping (SRP) wells in oil fields, and some working conditions are very complicated. The common diagnosis model of SRP well based on dynamometer card recognition has low accuracy and recall rate of complicated working conditions. In order to improve the accuracy and recall rate of multi-condition diagnosis of SRP well and solve the problem of inseparable data attributes caused by traditional dynamometer card normalization methods, a new dynamometer card preprocessing method is proposed, which uses a clustering analysis algorithm to obtain multiple normalized dynamometer cards of the original dynamometer card and at the same time, adds a set of time-series dynamometer cards to enhance the separability of data. The dynamometer card preprocessing method combined with four deep convolutional neural networks are used to build a diagnosis model. Experiments are conducted under 24 different working conditions, the accuracy of our method is up to 95.8%, and the average recall rate of complicated working conditions is up to 93.1%, which is 13.6 and 35.3% higher than that of the model (AlexNet) built by the traditional preprocessing method. In addition, the preprocessing method of dynamometer card proposed is applicable to all deep learning models and machine learning models. Field applications show that our method is very effective for recalling abnormal working conditions, which is of great significance to the real demand for intelligent diagnosis of SRP well.

Particle filter track-before-detect implementation on GPU

Track-before-detect (TBD) based on the particle filter (PF) algorithm is known for its outstanding performance in detecting and tracking of weak targets. However, large amount of calculation leads to difficulty in real-time applications. To solve this problem, effective implementation of the PF-based TBD on the graphics processing units (GPU) is proposed in this article. By recasting the particles propagation process and weights calculating process on the parallel structure of GPU, the running time of this algorithm can greatly be reduced. Simulation results in the infrared scenario and the radar scenario are demonstrated to compare the implementation on two types of the GPU card with the CPU-only implementation.

Evaluation of a modified sticky card to attract Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and a behavioural study on their visual response

Sticky cards with a yellow circle in black background originally developed to attract anthophilous thrips were also found to attract whiteflies. The potential of the new sticky cards for capture of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was evaluated in oriental melon greenhouses in comparison with ordinary rectangular yellow sticky cards. Two types of the new sticky card (24W × 39L cm) were designed to contain either two large yellow circles (18D cm) or two small yellow circles (13D cm) in a black background on both sides. In each greenhouse, 18 sticky cards of each type were installed. The cards with small circles captured 1.8 times more B. tabaci per unit area than the rectangular yellow sticky cards. In the examination of on-site flight activity of B. tabaci, the cards with large circles attracted 70% of the B. tabaci that took off from the plant canopy. The card with small yellow circles captured 49% and the rectangular yellow sticky card captured 32%. In laboratory behavioural studies, sticky cards with different backgrounds and shapes were attached inside acrylic cages and B. tabaci on tomato leaves were released. Yellow sticky cards with a black background were 2.1 times more attractive than sticky cards with a green background, and triangular-shaped yellow sticky cards with a black background attracted 1.5 times more B. tabaci than those with squares. In conclusion, sticky cards with yellow circles in a black background attracted more B. tabaci per unit area than ordinary rectangular yellow sticky card, and thus could be an improvement for monitoring or managing B. tabaci.

A comparison of sticky traps for monitoring Asian citrus psyllid ( Diaphorina citri Kuwayama)

Six types of sticky card traps differing in color and trapping adhesive were evaluated for monitoring Asian citrus psyllid in citrus in the United States (Florida and Texas). We coded the six traps as ASYellow, GLYellow, RWYellow, ASACP, ASGreen and MGGreen. The ASYellow, GLYellow and RWYellow traps were a bright yellow color to the human eye but the yellow color of these traps varied in intensity. To the human eye, the ASACP traps were a lime-green color, the MGGreen trap was a fluorescent yellow-green color, and the ASGreen trap was a green color. Spectral reflectance measurements were taken to categorize the color (wavelength) spectrum of each trap. Percent reflectance in the green and yellow wavelength regions was similar among the ASYellow, GLYellow, RWYellow and ASACP traps. Three of the six sticky traps (GLYellow, RWYellow and MGGreen) were treated with a traditional gluey adhesive material. The other three traps were treated with No Mess Sticky Card™ adhesive, a hot-melted, pressure-sensitive adhesive material. Trapping studies were conducted in Florida and Texas during April–May comparing four of the traps and during September–October comparing all six traps. Data collected during April–May indicated there were no significant differences in numbers of adults captured on ASGreen, ASYellow, ASACP and GLYellow traps. In seven comparisons of all six traps during September–October, the GLYellow and RWYellow traps each captured significantly fewer adults in one comparison, the MGGreen trap captured fewer adults in two comparisons, and the ASGreen trap captured fewer in three comparisons. There was no evidence that any one of the six traps would be best at detecting psyllids when adult populations are scarce. There was no significant difference between the two adhesive materials with respect to numbers of adults captured on traps.

The learning credit card: A tool for managing personal development*

AbstractThis is the report of a five month study, undertaken by Sundridge Park Training Technologies in association with Guildford Educational Services to assess the potential of smart card technology to support learning and the management of learning. The study had two strands—the state of the art of the technology and its potential for supporting, delivering and managing learning. In addition to a study of the literature and extensive discussions with people using smart cards, potential users of smart card and visionaries, the project team developed two illustrative systems using cards to store personal data relating to education and training. The term ‘smart card’ is often used loosely to describe three different types of card, each of which is similar in general shape and size to a traditional credit card. These are: memory cards, laser cards—and true smart cards incorporating a processor and memory. This study has been concerned with memory cards and smart cards. The focus for smart card applications has been predominantly financial: there are relatively few applications in education or training. A notable exception is the large scale project at the University of Bologna which uses smart cards to manage the progress and achievements of a large number of students in the Department of Electronics. The two illustrative systems provided valuable experience of using memory cards and smart cards in quasi‐real education and training applications. They highlighted the problems of limited memory capacities and confirmed the high level of user acceptance reported by other trials. We can expect considerable advances in the technology of both memory cards and smart cards over the next months and years. The memory capacities of both types of cards will increase many‐fold and the unit costs will fall as large quantities of cards are produced for financial applications. Education and training applications will benefit from this expanding market. The major surprise from the study was the level of interest in the work and the enthusiasm expressed by almost all of those who came to hear of it. The general level of awareness of smart card technology was found to be low. However, the requirement for a system which will enable individuals to manage and own their learning on an extended timescale was generally recognised. Some of the possible applications for smart cards and memory cards in education and training had emerged before the official start of the study and it is clear that the technology is potentially pervasive. The project team and those consulted identified a wide range of possible applications both in education and in training. These focussed on assessment, personal course planning and management, identification of relevant learning opportunities, and the ownership of learning. It was felt that, over the next few years, smart cards are very likely to be in common use as credit cards for financial applications. Therefore, their use for education and training should be planned now. The recommendations from the study are that: More detailed studies are needed to find out how smart cards and memory cards could be used by different organisations in a fully operational system; Standards should be established for smart card applications in education and training, similar to those governing financial applications; Applications should be developed after the standards have been established. To be convincing, these should take a case study approach with small pilot studies in a variety of contexts and must follow real needs rather than attempt to drive them; The case studies would then form the basis for a campaign to increase awareness of smart cards and their potential for education and training, together with a programme for building an infrastructure to support the proposed systems. The public sector should fund the task of developing standards and providing interfaces with existing educational systems and projects to demonstrate the feasibility of various applications. Since educational standards have a European dimension, the European Community may be a source of support for work in the area of standards. At the same time, private sector funding should be sought for skill development and career development systems in industry and in education. The Training Agency itself should consider the application of smart card technology to the control and management of the Youth Training Scheme (YTS).

Measuring transit use variability with smart-card data

The potential of smart-card data for measuring the variability of urban public transit network use is the focus of this paper. Data collected during 277 consecutive days of travel on a Canadian transit network are processed for this purpose. The organization of data using an object-oriented approach is discussed. Then, measures of spatial and temporal variability of transit use for various types of card are defined and estimated using the data sets presented. Data mining techniques are also used to identify transit use cycles and homogenous days and weeks of travel among card segments and at various times of the year.

Design and implementation of multimedia functional module for digital TV

This paper presents a new multimedia functional module and related interface for displaying images captured by a digital still camera, camcorder, or PC on a digital TV (DTV). The proposed module includes an interface circuit that can support five types of memory card and decode the JPEG, BMP, or TIFF image data saved in the memory card. The image data can also be converted to an analog RGB signal. Furthermore, by supporting three types of output image size, from a HD (high definition) to WXGA (wide extended graphics array) resolution, the proposed module can be applied to all kinds of digital TV.

National identity cards: The impact on the relationship between the police and ethnic minority groups

Prior to the election of the Labour Government in May 1997, plans were underway to introduce a national identity card scheme in the UK. The then Home Secretary, Michael Howard and representatives from the police and other groups had argued that amongst a wide range of benefits such a scheme would bring included improving police efficiency and helping to tackle a number of social problems. Others, however, raised concerns about the impact such a scheme may have on civil liberties and the relationship between the police and ethnic minority groups. This paper explores the potential effect the introduction of a national identity card scheme in the UK may have on the relationship between the police and ethnic minority groups. It draws on the experiences of other EU countries in the use of various types of identity card and suggests that the use of identity checks by police officers and other official agencies impact disproportionately on ethnic minority groups. It provides evidence that identity cards can be used as a means to harass and inconvenience those who do not share the characteristics of the host nation.

Differences in Utilisation Behaviour Among Types of Credit Cards

A research model was developed to explain the probability of households using major types of credit cards, and empirical tests were performed for differences among the utilisation behaviours of five types of credit card. Many differences were revealed, and support was shown for the overall hypothesis of differences among the types of credit card with regard to utilisation behaviour. These demonstrated differences implied that credit grantors and researchers should recognise that the behaviour of consumers in using credit cards depends on the type of credit card. Separate analyses by type of card are warranted so that the true effects of selected consumer characteristics can be examined.

Abstract: Thermal-spray coatings for computer components

The technology of plasma flame spraying is being used extensively by IBM to combat wear and prolong the life of computer components. The wear environments which cause the most severe problems are abrasive in nature—card stock, paper documents, and magnetic tape. Currently, IBM is using plasma‐deposited tungsten carbide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide, and alumina/titania coatings on over 50 component parts which must function in these severe wear areas. Traditionally, wear resistance has been the prime application area for flame‐spray‐deposited coatings; however, during the past few years many other applications have been developed which should be cited.A plasms may be formed from a diatomic gas by first dissociating the molecules into atoms and then ionizing the atoms. To accomplish the dissociation, energy must be put into the system. The energy is produced by a constant high‐potential discharge across the electrodes in a confined space under high pressure. The process is accomplished by a large tempera...

DEGREES OF INSIGHT

This experiment investigated performance on a reasoning task in which the subjects had to say which of four half‐hidden cards they needed to see fully in order to determine the truth or falsity of a conditional sentence. In one experimental condition examples of each of the four types of card were fully displayed to remove any difficulty due to limitation of memory or imagery. No more correct solutions were obtained under this condition than under a control condition in which no such aid was given. After they had made their selections all subjects wrote down their reasons for them. Analysis of the different selections, and the reasons given for them, corroborated a previously proposed information‐processing model, postulated to explain the cognitive processes involved in tasks of this type.

Cleaning Action of Cotton Card Equipped with Metallic Card Clothing Part 1 Comparative Spinning Tests of the Cards Equipped with Metallic Card Clothing and Wire Fillet Clothing

In using metallic card clothing for cotton processing, the most important step to be taken is to reduce impurities-neps and other imperfection-in the sliver and, therefore, in the yarn. A number of comparative spinning tests has been made of two types of card: (a) MC, equipped with several tooth angle combinations of metallic card clothing on the cylinder and on the doffer; (b) FC, equipped with an ordinary wire fillet clothing. The behavior of impurities has been minutely analyzed in each case. The impurities discharged into various parts of a card have been classified into four kinds by their structures and into six classes by their sizes. It has been concluded from the tests that neps are always fewer in a sliver on MC than in a sliver on FC, because there is a smaller deposit of fibers on MC's cylinder and flats and, therefore, there is less nep formation. It has been concluded also that the other kinds of impurities in a sliver on MC can also be made fewer than in a sliver on FC if the tooth angle combination is properly adjusted. The proper adjustment is to make the tooth angle large on the cylinder and small on the doffer. This reduces the fiber density on the cylinder surface, improves the impurity-removing ability of the flats, and lessens the impurities in the sliver. These results have been confirmed again by the fact that yarns spun from an MC-processed slivers get a better rating for neps and other imperfections in an appearance test. Since there is no appreciable difference in the quality of the yarn except in the impurities, metallic clothing can be very profitably used for cotton spinning also.

The Edge Marking of Statistical Cards

T HE SYSTEM OF edge-marking of statistical cards described by Dr. Thurstone in the September issue of the Journal has an additional application of considerable importance which he did not mention. This was discovered in the work of analyzing flying accident causes during the recent war. The main data for each accident could be expressed in from 100 to 200 Yes-No answers. The total number of accidents to be dealt with was sufficient to make a fully mechanical punch-card system a reasonable possibility, but it was found that reference to a brief written history of each accident was so frequently needed during analysis that hand-sorting of cards which could contain such histories was superior to full mechanization. Cards were utilized with edge punching and the needle was used for most sorting operations, particularly, of course, for replacing the cards in their filing arrangement. The usual objections to the punching and pinning method were found, however, i.e. errors of punching were difficult to repair satisfactorily and virtually involved making out a new card each time; the edges of the cards eventually tended to tear after much use, and to pin through several thousand cards in search of an element occurring only a very few times was a laborious procedure which might be unreliable owing to cards sticking in the pack. A system of marking the rims of the cards instead of punching the edges was therefore tried, meaning the actual thin rims of the cards and not the one-eighth of an inch of the front nearest that rim. Fairly thin cards were being used which ran at about 100 to the inch, and it was found not only that a tiny mark on the rim of one of them made with the back of a pen using India ink or red ink was easily visible (when the cards were carefully blocked so that their rims presented an even surface) but also that quite small deviations in the position of the marks could be at once detected. The rims on some types of card were too spongy and caused the ink to run as blotting paper would, but with good quality cards and a fine pen a mark could be made quickly and accurately. This form of rim marking does not have the advantage of Dr. Thurstone's method, that both sides of the card can be used. On the other hand it can claim the following points in its favor as compared with Dr. Thurstone's scheme, or as compared with the ordinary edge punching scheme: