Types Of Branes Research Articles

Rotating string in doubled geometry with generalized isometries

In this paper, we first construct a globally well-defined non-geometric background which contains several branes in type II string theory compactified on a 7-torus. One of these branes is called 5^2_2, which is a codimension-2 object and has a non-trivial monodromy given by a T-duality transformation. The geometry near the 5^2_2-brane is shown to approach the non-geometric background constructed in arXiv:1004.2521. We then construct the solution of a fundamental string rotating along a non-trivial cycle in the 5^2_2 background. Although the background is not axisymmetric in the usual sense, we show that it is actually axisymmetric as a doubled geometry by explicitly finding a generalized Killing vector. We perform a generalized coordinate transformation into a system where the generalized isometry is manifest, and show that the winding and momentum charges of the string solution is explicitly conserved in that system.

Lifshitz/Schrödinger Dp-branes and dynamical exponents

We extend our earlier study of special double limits of `boosted' $AdS_5$ black hole solutions to include all black D$p$-branes of type II strings. We find that Lifshitz solutions can be obtained in generality, with varied dynamical exponents, by employing these limits. We then study such double limits for `boosted' D$p$-brane bubble solutions and find that the resulting non-relativistic solutions instead describe Schr\"odinger like spacetimes, having varied dynamical exponents. We get a simple map between these Lifshitz & Schr\"odinger solutions and a relationship between two types of dynamical exponents. We also discuss about the singularities of the Lifshitz solutions and an intriguing thermodynamic duality.

The exact 8d chiral ring from 4d recursion relations

We consider the local F-theory set-up corresponding to four D7 branes in type I' theory, in which the exact axio-dilaton background tau(z) is identified with the low-energy effective coupling of the four-dimensional N=2 super Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(2) and Nf=4 flavours living on a probe D3 brane placed at position z. Recently, an intriguing relation has been found between the correlators forming the chiral ring of the eight-dimensional theory on the D7 branes and the large-z expansion of the tau profile. Here we apply to the SU(2), Nf=4 theory some recursion techniques that allow to derive the coefficients of the large-z expansion of tau in terms of modular functions of the UV coupling. In this way we obtain exact expressions for the elements of the eight-dimensional chiral ring that resum their instanton expansions, previously known only up to the first few orders by means of localization techniques.

Holographic non-perturbative corrections to gauge couplings

We give a direct microscopic derivation of the F-theory background that corresponds to four D7 branes of type I' theory by taking into account the D-instanton contributions to the emission of the axio-dilaton field in the directions transverse to the D7's. The couplings of the axio-dilaton to the D-instanton moduli modify its classical source terms which are shown to be proportional to the elements of the D7 brane chiral ring. Solving the bulk field equations with the non-perturbatively corrected sources yields the full F-theory background. This solution represents the gravitational dual of the four-dimensional theory living on a probe D3 brane of type I', namely of the N=2, Sp(1) SYM theory with Nf=4. Our results provide an explicit microscopic derivation of the non-perturbative gravitational dual of this theory. They also explain the recent observation that the exact coupling for this theory can be entirely reconstructed from its perturbative part plus the knowledge of the chiral ring on the D7 branes supporting its flavor degrees of freedom.

HIGHER-ORDER CURVATURE TERMS IN BORN–INFELD TYPE BRANE THEORIES

The field equations associated to Born–Infeld type brane theories are studied by using auxiliary variables. This approach hinges on the fact, that the expressions defining the physical and geometrical quantities describing the worldvolume are varied independently. The general structure of the Born–Infeld type theories for branes contains the square root of a determinant of a combined matrix between the induced metric on the worldvolume swept out by the brane and a symmetric/antisymmetric tensor depending on gauge, matter or extrinsic curvature terms taking place on the worldvolume. The higher-order curvature terms appearing in the determinant form come to play in competition with other effective brane models. Additionally, we suggest a Born–Infeld–Einstein type action for branes where the higher-order curvature content is provided by the worldvolume Ricci tensor. This action provides an alternative description of the dynamics of braneworld scenarios.

Branes in the [formula omitted] WZNW model

The boundary OSP ( 1 | 2 ) WZNW model possesses two types of branes, which are localized on supersymmetric Euclidean AdS 2 and on two-dimensional superspheres. We compute the coupling of closed strings to these branes with two different methods. The first one uses factorization constraints and the other one a correspondence to boundary N = 1 super-Liouville field theory, which we proof with path integral techniques. We check that the results obey the Cardy condition and reproduce the semi-classical computations. For the check we also compute the spectral density of open strings that are attached to the non-compact branes.

Black holes and wormholes in AdS branes

In this work we have derived a class of geometries which describe black holes and wormholes in Randall-Sundrum--type brane models, focusing mainly on asymptotically anti-de Sitter backgrounds. We show that by continuously deforming the usual four-dimensional vacuum background, a specific family of solutions is obtained. Maximal extensions of the solutions are presented, and their causal structures are discussed.

The Hilbert series of the one instanton moduli space

The moduli space of k G-instantons on R^4 for a classical gauge group G is known to be given by the Higgs branch of a supersymmetric gauge theory that lives on Dp branes probing D(p + 4) branes in Type II theories. For p = 3, these (3 + 1) dimensional gauge theories have N = 2 supersymmetry and can be represented by quiver diagrams. The F and D term equations coincide with the ADHM construction. The Hilbert series of the moduli spaces of one instanton for classical gauge groups is easy to compute and turns out to take a particularly simple form which is previously unknown. This allows for a G invariant character expansion and hence easily generalisable for exceptional gauge groups, where an ADHM construction is not known. The conjectures for exceptional groups are further checked using some new techniques like sewing relations in Hilbert Series. This is applied to Argyres-Seiberg dualities.

Possible black universes in a brane world

A black universe is a nonsingular black hole where, beyond the horizon, there is an expanding, asymptotically isotropic universe. Such spherically symmetric configurations have been recently found as solutions to the Einstein equations with phantom scalar fields (with negative kinetic energy) as sources of gravity. They have a Schwarzschild–like causal structure but a de Sitter infinity instead of a singularity. It is attempted to obtain similar configurations without phantoms, in the framework of an RS2 type brane world scenario, considering the modified Einstein equations that describe gravity on the brane. By building an explicit example, it is shown that black–universe solutions can be obtained there in the presence of a scalar field with positive kinetic energy and a nonzero potential.

Supersymmetric deformations of F1-NS5-branes and their exact CFT description

We consider certain classes of operators in the exact conformal field theory SL(2,R) x SU(2) x U(1)^4 describing strings in an AdS(3) x S(3) x T4 geometry supported by Neveu--Schwarz 3-form fluxes. This background arises in the near-horizon limit of a system of NS5-branes wrapped on a 4-torus and F1-branes smeared on the 4-torus when both types of branes are located at the same point in their common transverse space. We find a class of operators that lead to spacetime supersymmetric deformations. It is remarkable that most of these operators are not chiral primary with respect to the N=2 superconformal algebra on the wordsheet. A subset of these worldsheet conformal field theory deformations admits an interpretation either as a geometric deformation of the brane system or as a deformation of the distribution of the F1-branes, viewed as smooth instantons, inside the wrapped NS5-brane worldvolume. The 2-dimensional conformal field theory, however, seems to lack operators corresponding to arbitrary NS5-brane deformations, in contrast to pure NS5-brane systems where all geometric deformations can be accounted for by chiral primary operators.

Exotic instanton counting and heterotic/type I′ duality

We compute the partition function for the exotic instanton system corresponding to D-instantons on D7 branes in Type I' theory. We exploit the BRST structure of the moduli action and its deformation by RR background to fully localize the integration. The resulting prepotential describes non-perturbative corrections to the quartic couplings of the gauge field F living on the D7's. The results match perfectly those obtained in the dual heterotic theory from a protected 1-loop computation, thus providing a non-trivial test of the duality itself.

A comment onp-branes of (p+3)d string theory

We argue that in ($p+3$)d string theory the existence of NS-NS type $p$-brane with negative tension is essential to obtain background geometry $R_2$ or $R_2 / Z_n$ on the transverse dimensions, and the usual codimension-2 brane solutions with these background geometries already contain the negative tension NS-brane implicity in their ansatz. Such an argument leads us, in the context of brane world scenarios, to a conjecture that true background $p$-brane immanent in our spacetime may perhaps be NS-NS type brane, rather than D-brane.

The completeAdS4×CP3superspace for the type IIA superstring and D-branes

We lift the bosonic AdS_4 x CP^3 solution of type IIA supergravity preserving 24 supersymmetries to a D=10 superspace which has 32 Grassmann-odd directions. The type IIA superspace is obtained from D=11 via dimensional reduction of the coset superspace OSp(8|4)/SO(7) x SO(1,3) by realizing the latter as a Hopf fibration over the former. This construction generalizes to superspace the Hopf fibration of S^7 as a U(1) bundle over CP^3, and is suitable for writing the explicit form of Green-Schwarz-type actions encoding the dynamics of the type IIA string and branes in the AdS_4 x CP^3 superbackground. We show that the OSp(6|4)/U(3) x SO(1,3) supercoset string action describes only a subsector of the complete Green-Schwarz superstring. Thus, even though the superstring equations of motion in the OSp(6|4)/U(3) x SO(1,3) subsector are classically integrable, the fact that the full AdS_4 x CP^3 superspace is not a supercoset requires the use of more general methods to determine whether the superstring in the complete AdS_4 x CP^3 superbackground is classically integrable.

ON FACTORIZATION CONSTRAINTS FOR BRANES IN THE ${\rm H}_3^+$ MODEL

We comment on the brane solutions for the boundary [Formula: see text] model that have been proposed so far and point out that they should be distinguished according to the patterns regular/irregular and discrete/continuous. In the literature, mostly irregular branes have been studied, while results on the regular ones are rare. For all types of branes, there are questions about how a second factorization constraint in the form of a b-2/2-shift equation can be derived. Here, we assume analyticity of the boundary two-point function, which means that the Cardy–Lewellen constraints remain unweakened. This enables us to derive unambiguously the desired b-2/2-shift equations. They serve as important additional consistency conditions. For some regular branes, we also derive 1/2-shift equations that were not known previously. Case by case, we discuss possible solutions to the enlarged system of constraints. We find that the well-known irregular continuous AdS 2 branes are consistent with our new factorization constraint. Furthermore, we establish the existence of a new type of brane: the shift equations in a certain regular discrete case possess a nontrivial solution that we write down explicitly. All other types are found to be inconsistent when using our second constraint. We discuss these results in view of the Hosomichi–Ribault proposal and some of our earlier results on the derivation of b-2/2-shift equations.

Topological BPS charges in 10- and 11-dimensional supergravity

In this thesis we construct closed expressions that correspond to the topological charges of the various BPS branes of the IIA, IIB and $D=11$ supergravity theories. These expressions are related to the structure of the SUSY algebras in curved spacetimes. We consider charges for all the M-, NS- and D-branes as well as the Kaluza-Klein monopoles. Additionally we consider the $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ symmetry that exists in the IIB theory and $D=11$ theory in a double M9-brane background, and determine the charges for the remaining branes that fill up the $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ multiplets. These include the charges corresponding to the multiplets of 7 and 9-branes in IIB as well as several new types of branes in $D=11$. We find that examining the possible multiplet structures of the charges provides another tool for exploring the spectrum of BPS branes that appear in these theories. Furthermore, we demonstrate how these charges map between theories. As a prerequisite to constructing some of the charges we determine the field equations and multiplet structure of the $D=11$ gauge potentials, extending previous results on the subject. The massive gauge transformations of the fields are also discussed, and we demonstrate how they are compatible with the construction of an $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ covariant kinetic term in the $D=11$ Kaluza-Klein monopole worldvolume action.

Instanton counting and dielectric branes

We consider the Hanany-Witten type brane configuration in a background of RR 4-form field strength and examine the behavior of Euclidean D0-branes propagating between two NS5-branes. We evaluate the partition function of the D0-branes and show that it coincides with the Nekrasov partition function of instantons for four-dimensional N=2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. In this analysis, the Myers effect plays a crucial role. We apply the same method to the brane configuration realizing four-dimensional N=2 theory with hypermultiplets in the fundamental representation and reproduce the corresponding Nekrasov partition function.

HOLOGRAPHIC FLAVOR IN THEORIES WITH EIGHT SUPERCHARGES

We review the holographic duals of gauge theories with eight supercharges obtained by adding very few flavors to pure supersymmetric Yang–Mills with 16 supercharges. Assuming a brane-probe limit, the gravity duals are engineered in terms of probe branes (the so-called flavor brane) in the background of the color branes. Both types of branes intersect on a given subspace in which the matter is confined. The gauge theory dual is thus the corresponding flavoring of the gauge theory with 16 supercharges. Those theories have in general a nontrivial phase structure; which is also captured in a beautiful way by the gravity dual. Along the lines of the gauge/gravity duality, we review also some of the results on the meson spectrum in the different phases of the theories.

Ricci flat black holes and Hawking-Page phase transition in Gauss-Bonnet gravity and dilaton gravity

It is well known that there exists a Hawking-Page phase transition between a spherical anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole and a thermal AdS space. The phase transition does not happen between a Ricci flat AdS black hole whose horizon is a Ricci flat space and a thermal AdS space in the Poincar\'e coordinates. However, the Hawking-Page phase transition occurs between a Ricci flat AdS black hole and an AdS soliton if at least one of the horizon coordinates for the Ricci flat black hole is compact. We show a similar phase transition between the Ricci flat black holes and deformed AdS solitons in the Gauss-Bonnet gravity and the dilaton gravity with a Liouville-type potential including the gauged supergravity coming from the spherical reduction of Dp branes in type II supergravity. In contrast to Einstein gravity, we find that the high temperature phase can be dominated either by black holes or deformed AdS solitons depending on parameters.

Relating Schwarzschild black holes to branes-antibranes

We construct in the supergravity framework a relation between thermal chargeless non-extremal black three-branes and thermal Dirichlet branes-antibranes systems. We propose this relation as a possible explanation for the intriguing similarity between the black branes Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the field theory entropy of thermal branes-antibranes. We comment on various relations between branes, antibranes and non-BPS branes in type II string theories.

Boundary fermions and the plane wave

We construct branes in the plane wave background under the inclusion of fermionic boundary fields. The resulting deformed boundary conditions in the bosonic and fermionic sectors give rise to new integrable and supersymmetric branes of type (n,n). The extremal case of the spacetime filling (4,4)-brane is shown to be maximally spacetime supersymmetric.