Type Of Anemia Research Articles

A Study on Prevalence, Type and Severity of Anemia in Helicobacter Pylori Infection with Respect to RBC Parameters in a Tertiary Care Hospital

A Study on Prevalence, Type and Severity of Anemia in Helicobacter Pylori Infection with Respect to RBC Parameters in a Tertiary Care Hospital

To differentiate between different types of anaemia morphologically and its distribution in different age groups and sex

Background & Methods : Males who attended various departmental OPDs at tertiary care centre, and inpatients participated in this study as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood was withdrawn from an cubital vein by mean of dry sterile 5mldisposable plastic syringe with a needle of 20 guage after preparing the cubital fossa with a sterile swab, 3ml of blood was withdraw slowly, immediately blood is transferred to sterile tube with di-potassium EDTA as anticoagulant. Results: Out of 500 cases, 320 cases were male cases and 180 were female cases. Of these 320 male cases, 98 (30.63%) cases had mild anaemia, 189 cases (59.6%) had moderate anaemia and 33 cases (10.31%) had severe anaemia. Similarly, of 180 female cases, 55 (30.56%) cases had mild anaemia, 101 cases (56.11%) had moderate anaemia and 24 cases (13.33%) had severe anaemia. Male to female ratio is 1.8:1 i.e male outnumbered female in the study. However, the distribution of severity of anaemia did not differ significantly between males and females (P-value>0.05). Out of the 500 cases studied, 50 cases (10%) had >80fl MCV, 319 cases (63.80%) had MCV between 59-80 fl and 131 cases (26.20%) had Conclusions: Anemia is the most common problem occurring in males in our country, due to various reasons. Prevalence is being higher in Indian scenario, as compared to developed countries. Hence, it is recommended that, this age group is compulsorily screened for anaemia. Study of morphological pattern of anaemia directs us to the further management of underlying etiology. Keywords: Anaemia, Morphologically, Age & Sex.

Natural Antioxidants in Anemia Treatment.

Anemia, characterized by a decrease of the hemoglobin level in the blood and a reduction in carrying capacity of oxygen, is a major public health problem which affects people of all ages. The methods used to treat anemia are blood transfusion and oral administration of iron-based supplements, but these treatments are associated with a number of side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and stomach pain, which limit its long-term use. In addition, oral iron supplements are poorly absorbed in the intestinal tract, due to overexpression of hepcidin, a peptide hormone that plays a central role in iron homeostasis. In this review, we conducted an analysis of the literature on biologically active compounds and plant extracts used in the treatment of various types of anemia. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the use of these compounds and plant extracts, in order to explore their therapeutic potential. The advantage of using them is that they are available from natural resources and can be used as main, alternative, or adjuvant therapies in many diseases, such as various types of anemia.

PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE ON EFFECTIVENESS OF RAKTDA (MA 321), AN AYURVEDIC SUPPLEMENT, FOR OPTIMUM MANAGEMENT OF ANAEMIA – A SHORT REVIEW

Despite multiple nutritional programmes and iron supplementation therapies adopted over the past 50 years, Anaemia remains a highly prevalent condition in India. The underlying pathogenesis associated with Anaemia includes not only nutritional deficiencies, but also the issues with optimum absorption, bioavailability of food nutrients, and assimilation of absorbed nutrients. The current review comprises preliminary evidence on Raktda (MA 321), an Ayurvedic supplement for adjuvant or monotherapy use in long term treatment of Anaemia. Raktda has a holistic combination of ingredients including Mandoor Bhasma, Kant Lauh Bhasma, Praval Pishti, Muktashukti Pishti, Giloy Sattva, Yashtimadhu, Shilajit, Amalaki and many other herbs traditionally useful for treating all types of Anaemia and its associated morbidities. The synergy of herbs in Raktda reinstates normal physiology by functioning at five different levels: Agni, Pitta Dosha, Rasa Dhatu, Rakta Dhatu, and Rasayana. A small sample study (n = 16) on Raktda has shown an increase in mean Hb% from 9.231 to 11.046 (paired t-value= 8.5475, SE = 0.212, p<0.0001) - a change of mean by 1.815 points (95% CI = 1.353- 2.278), within a period of 30 days. Another study on Raktda (n = 47) has shown the beneficial effects of Raktda on increasing Hb% (7.16 to 11.13) and other anaemia symptoms such as fatigue, pain in legs, narcolepsy, anorexia, and faintness of skin. The current review outlines the need for conducting large scale investigations on Raktda, which can be used for treating Anaemia in the long run.

Role of hepcidin in physiology and pathophysiology. Emerging experimental and clinical evidence.

Normal iron metabolism is an inherent feature of maintaining homeostasis. There is a wide range of iron disorders, which arise from iron deficiency or overload. In addition, disturbances in iron metabolism are observed in the course of numerous chronic diseases. Since iron is an essential constituent of hemoglobin, different types of anemia are clinical manifestations of both iron deficit or excess. This seemingly contradictory statement may be elucidated by the presence of hepcidin. Hepcidin is a primary regulator of iron metabolism in the human body. By promoting ferroportin degradation, hepcidin decreases the amount of iron in the circulation due to iron sequestration in the tissues and reduced intestinal absorption. Altered hepcidin concentration is a compensatory mechanism aimed at restoring iron homeostasis in various physiologic states, including pregnancy. However, hepcidin may also participate in the pathophysiologic background of hereditary hemochromatosis, anemia of chronic disease, myelodysplastic syndromes or β-thalassemia. Moreover, hepcidin is an acute-phase protein involved in innate immunity reactions. In our paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the physiologic and pathophysiologic functions of hepcidin. We present current knowledge on the structure, physiologic role and its expression control, as well as demonstrate the contribution of hepcidin in a state of illness. We also summarize the significance of hepcidin in normal and complicated pregnancy. Emphasizing the alterations in hepcidin upon treatment of specific diseases and their position in certain pathomechanisms, we support clinicians with practical aspects related to hepcidin.

1052 Do adverse neonatal outcomes differ by anemia type among women with pre-existing diabetes?

The etiology of anemia in diabetes is likely mediated through a combination of dietary iron deficiency, functional iron deficiency due to IL-6, erythropoietin deficiency, and drug exposure. We sought to determine whether adverse pregnancy outcomes differ by anemia sub-type among pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes. We conducted a cohort study of pregnant patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes who received care at a tertiary referral center from 2007-2017. Patients with a known hemoglobinopathy and macrocytic anemia were excluded. Women diagnosed with a microcytic or normocytic anemia at any point in pregnancy were compared to those with no documented anemia as the referent group. The primary outcome was a neonatal composite morbidity index including polyhydramnios, preterm birth, neonatal hypoglycemia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admission, and respiratory distress syndrome. Secondary outcomes included individual components of the composite. Logistic regression was used to control for potential confounding variables including race, nulliparity, and diabetes type. Of 450 patients, 3 were excluded for having macrocytic anemia. Of the remaining 447, 162 (36%) did not have anemia during pregnancy, 85 (19%) had microcytic anemia, and 200 (45%) had normocytic anemia. Demographic characteristics were similar between groups except those without anemia were more likely to be nulliparous and those with microcytic anemia were more likely to be obese or Black. There were no significant differences in the neonatal composite index by anemia sub-type after controlling for confounding variables. Normocytic anemia was associated with early preterm delivery (aRR 4.8; 95% CI 1.45-15.2). There were no differences in other secondary outcomes by anemia sub-type. Normocytic anemia is the predominant sub-type among women with diabetes in pregnancy, and it is associated with an increased risk of early preterm birth.

Anemia profile in Diabetic patients with preserved renal function

Background: Diabetes is one of the largest global health emergencies of the 21st century. Prevalence of anemia in diabetic patients is two to three times higher than for patients with comparable renal impairment and iron stores in the general population.
 Aims and Objective: This study was done to analyse the prevalence of anemia and its profile in patients with preserved renal function.
 Materials and Methods: One-hundred diabetic patients with anemia with normal renal functions were selected. Complete blood count, peripheral blood smear, iron studies, vitamin B12 levels were assessed. Diabetic control was monitored by HbA1c. Patients were identified to have specific type of anemia, based on iron profile and vitamin B12 levels. Severity of anemia was also assessed. Appropriate statistical tests were applied to analyse the results.
 Results: Mean age of subjects in the study group was 53.4±13.6 years. The mean haemoglobin level was 9.41±2.18 g/dl. Out of the 100 cases, 43 patients had iron deficiency anemia, 40 patients had anemia of inflammation, and 8 patients had vitamin B12 deficiency, 8 patients had combined iron and vitamin B12 deficiency, and 1 patient had pancytopenia. Mean HbA1c was higher in iron deficient individuals with a significant p value and mean HbA1c was lower in Vitamin B12 deficient individuals. Among the cases, 16% had mild anemia, 61% had moderate anemia, and 23% had severe anemia. Severe anemia had a significantly lower HbA1c, which was statistically significant.
 Conclusion: According to our study, iron deficiency anemia was the commonest, followed by anemia of inflammation in diabetic patients with preserved renal function. Diabetes being a pro-inflammatory state had a higher incidence of anemia of inflammation compared to general population. We have to identify and acknowledge the higher prevalence of Anemia of Inflammation in diabetic patients in the absence of renal dysfunction.

Camel milk consumption was associated with lower prevalence of anemia among preschool children in rural pastoral districts of Somali, eastern Ethiopia

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate association between consumption of camel milk (CaM) and childhood anemia. MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 388 preschool children (24–59 mo of age) in rural pastoral districts of Somali, eastern Ethiopia. We sampled 185 consumers of CaM and 203 who consumed bovine milk (BM). Children were selected from random households with lactating camels or cattle. Hemoglobin (Hb) was measured in the field using a HemoCue instrument. A multivariable logistic regressions model was used in SPSS version 20 to examine association between type of milk consumption and anemia. ResultsAnemia (Hb <11 g/dL) was found in 59.8% of the overall sample, whereas it was 42.7% and 75.4% among CaM and BM consumers, respectively. The odds of anemia among BM consumers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–7.66) and children with intestinal parasites (aOR: 3.32; 95% CI, 1.39–7.91) was compared with CaM consumers and children without intestinal parasites, respectively. Increasing age and height-for-age z-score of children were associated with decreased childhood anemia (P < 0.001). Children with anemia consumed a higher volume of BM compared with non-anemic and CaM consumers, too but the consumption was not statistically significant. ConclusionCaM consumption was associated with lower prevalence of anemia compared with consumption of BM. Promoting use of CaM as complementary food for preschool children in pastoralist areas might be considered an intervention toward reducing anemia.

GAMBARAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN DAN INDEKS ERITROSIT PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI RSUD DR. M. HAULUSSY AMBON PERIODE JANUARI 2017 – APRIL 2018

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an infection disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pulmonary TB remain a major health problem and the most common cause of death in the world especially in developing countries. Pulmonary TB infection could cause clinical manifestation, which is haematology disorders like anemia. Many studies has reported anemia as a common complication in patients with pulmonary TB. This research aims to determine haemoglobin levels and erythrocytes index of patients with pulmonary TB at RSUD Dr. M. Haulussy Ambon in the periods from January 2017 - April 2018. This research uses a descriptive study by using medical records of patients with pulmonary TB. Among 65 patients with pulmonary TB, number of patients with anemia are 44 cases (67,7%) and 21 cases (32,3%) are not anemia. Pulmonary TB with anemia most suffered by male as much 24 cases (72,7%). The age group suffered most is 18-30 years old as much 23 cases (69,7%), but the age group suffered most according to percentage is 51-60 years old as much 80%. The most common types of anemia is hipocromic micrositer as much 23 cases (52,3%). Haemoglobin levels in patients with pulmonary TB are found most below the normal value or anemia and the most common types of anemia is hipocromic micrositer. Needs to be done more research on the analysis of the relation between anemia with pulmonary TB.&#x0D; Keywords: pulmonary tuberculosis, haemoglobin, erythrocytes index

Evaluation of hematological alteration of vector\u2010borne pathogens in cats from Bangkok, Thailand

BackgroundCats can be carriers of infected arthropods and be infected with several vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) but there is limited knowledge about their pathogenic role in cats. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of some feline vector-borne agents by molecular technique and to characterize the hematological findings associated with these infections in a cat population from Bangkok Thailand.ResultsPCR was positive with at least one pathogen in 237 out of 372 subjects (63.7%), with prevalence of 39.5% (147/372) for Babesia spp., 36.9% (137/372) for hemoplasmas and 3.2% (12/372) for Hepatozoon spp. The cats older than 1 year were at significantly greater risk for VBPs infection (P = 0.001; OR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.12 – 1.81) and hemoplasmas infection (χ2 = 10.8, df = 1; P < 0.0001; OR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.49 – 4.01). A significant association between hematological findings and hemoplasma infection were identified in the present study. Besides, VBPs infection revealed more frequent in male cats (χ2= 6.38, df = 1, P = 0.01). Macrocytic hypochromic type of anemia was observed in cats infested with blood-sucking arthropods compared to the non-infested cats presented.ConclusionsThe current study confirmed that Babesia, Hepatozoon and hemoplasmas had infected semi-domesticated cats in Bangkok, Thailand, with Babesia and hemoplasmas being dominant in prevalence. Some hematological findings were significantly associated with cats infected with vector-borne pathogens in this study including leukocyte count and platelets count that may help support veterinary technicians in diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Campaigns of VBPs monitoring in Bangkok emphasizing on the investigation of vectors and possible routes of the infection in animals should be conducted to prevent the transmission of the pathogens.

Classifying anemia types using artificial learning methods

The most common blood disease worldwide is anemia, defined by the World Health Organization as a condition in which the red blood cell count or oxygen-carrying capacity is insufficient. As both a disease and a symptom, this condition affects the quality of life. Early and correct diagnosis of the type of anemia is vital in terms of patient treatment. The increasing number of patients and hospital priorities, as well as difficulties in reaching medical specialists, may impede such a diagnosis. The present work proposes a system that will enable the recognition of anemia under general clinical practice conditions. For this system, a model constructed using four different artificial learning methods. Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, Naïve Bayes, and Ensemble Decision Tree methods are used as classification algorithms. The models are evaluated with a dataset of 1663 samples and used 25 attributes, including hemogram data and general information such as age, sex, chronic diseases, and symptoms to diagnose 12 different anemia types. Data are collected by examining patient files at a university hospital in Turkey. In addition to all the data used by the doctors, the model also utilized eight different datasets created via particular feature selection techniques. The interface is designed to provide decision support to both medical consultants and medical students. Data are classified using the four different algorithms and an acceptable success ratio is obtained for each. Each model is validated using Classification Error, Area Under Curve, Precision, Recall, and F-score metrics in addition to Accuracy values. The highest accuracy (85.6%) achieved using Bagged Decision Trees, followed by Boosted Trees (83.0%) and Artificial Neural Networks (79.6%).

Thalassemia Awareness Among Iraqi People in 2018

Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disease that is common in Iraq with a prevalence of 35.7 per 100,000. It is the most common type of hereditary anemia registered in 2015. It is a life-threatening condition with many complications which if not managed could cause death in early age. This study aimed to assess the awareness of Iraqi people about thalassemia transmission and prevention and to find their source of information about the disease, as developing good awareness is the first and the most advantageous road to establish a successful prevention program. This cross-sectional study involved 417 participants who were from medical and non-medical fields. It was conducted as an online survey in addition to participants interview using a self-structured questionnaire which was tested for content and face validity, unidimensionality and test-retest reliability in a pilot study of 40 participants. Each participant who had heard about the disease was given a score (0-5) based on their knowledge: 68.8% of the people had heard about the disease previously, those had a mean score of 3 out of 5; 84% claimed that thalassemia is a noncommunicable disease which resembles the highest awareness aspect. The lowest one was about the preventability of the disease. Significant correlation was found between the score of awareness and the age. People awareness about thalassemia was relatively good. A control strategy should be directed to elevate the awareness level about thalassemia in the community with the application of the national program for thalassemia control.

Blood transfusion in major emergency abdominal surgery.

Major emergency abdominal surgery is associated with excess mortality. Transfusion is known to be associated with increased morbidity and emergency surgery is an independent risk factor for perioperative transfusion. The primary objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for transfusion, and secondarily to investigate the influence of transfusion on clinical outcomes after major emergency abdominal surgery. This study combined retrospective observational data including intraoperative, postoperative, and transfusion data in patients undergoing major emergency abdominal surgery from January 2010 to October 2016 at a Danish university hospital. The primary outcome was a transfusion of any kind from initiation of surgery to postoperative day 7. Secondary outcomes included 7-, 30-, 90-day and long-term mortality (median follow-up = 34.6months, IQR = 13.0-58.3), lengths of stay, and surgical complication rate (Clavien-Dindo score ≥ 3a). A total of 1288 patients were included and 391 (30%) received a transfusion of any kind. Multivariate logistic regression identified age, hepatic comorbidity, cardiac comorbidity, post-surgical anemia, ADP-receptor inhibitors, acetylsalicylic acid, anticoagulants, and operation type as risk factors for postoperative transfusion. 60.1% of the transfused patients experienced a serious surgical complication within 30days of surgery compared with 28.1% of the non-transfused patients (p < 0.001). Among patients receiving a postoperative transfusion, unadjusted long-term mortality was increased with a hazard ratio of 3.8 (95% CI 2.9-5.0), p < 0.01. Transfused patients had significantly higher mortality at 7-, 30-, 90- and long-term, as well as a longer hospital stay but in the multivariate analyses, transfusion was not associated with mortality. Peri- and postoperative transfusion in relation to major emergency abdominal surgery was associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. The potential benefits and harms of blood transfusion and clinical significance of pre- and postoperative anemia after major emergency abdominal surgery should be further studied in clinical prospective studies.

Plasma cell-free erythroid DNA as a new marker for differentiation between many types of anemia

Background The study of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has attracted great interest these years. Some research studies detected the origin of cfDNA and used it to monitor the treatment response and predict disease progression. Objective We aimed to detect the erythroid cfDNA as a valuable noninvasive marker for differentiation between many types of anemia. Patients and methods A total of 76 patients and 25 age-matched and sex-matched controls were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into four groups depending on type of anemia: group I (n=20, patients with ß-thalassemia major), group II (n=20, patients with chronic kidney disease), group III [n=16, patients with aplastic anemia (AA)], and group IV (n=20, patients with iron-deficiency anemia). Group III was further subdivided into two subgroups: subgroup A (n=8 patients with AA responsive to treatment) and subgroup B (n=8 patients with AA not responding to treatment). Erythroid cfDNA (E%) was estimated using quantitative real-time PCR. Results There was a highly significant difference in the percentage of erythroid DNA (E%) when comparing each group with the control group; furthermore, E% was more sensitive than the reticulocyte count for discrimination between group II and the control group, and more specific for discrimination between groups III and IV and the control group. Conclusion The erythroid cfDNA is a sensitive noninvasive tool when compared with reticulocytic count for discrimination between different types of anemia.

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection among Anemic School-Age Children in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study

AbstractAnemia and Helicobacter pylori infection in school-age children are important public health problems. The association between H. pylori infection and the development of anemia, especially iron deficiency anemia, has been previously studied and until now it is still a matter of argument. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and H. pylori infection among school-age children and to find the association between H. pylori infection and anemia in school-age children. We conducted this population-based cross-sectional study in six Egyptian primary schools over a 12-month-period, including 1,200 students from all grades who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The study participants were subjected to the following: medical history, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations included complete blood count and H. pylori antigen in stool, and according to the level of hemoglobin (Hb), we divided the students into two groups; the anemic group with Hb level &lt;11.5 g/dL and nonanemic group with Hb level ≥11.5 g/dL, and the serum ferritin levels were measured only for the anemic group as the best indicator for iron status. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 25%. The overall prevalence of anemia was 13.25%, of which hypochromic microcytic anemia represented 87.4% of the anemic group, and the mean ferritin level in the anemic group was 18.56 ± 9.96 ng/mL. The prevalence of anemia among H. pylori-infected patients (62.3%) was significantly (p &lt; 0.001) higher than in noninfected children (37.7%). In the anemic group, the mean ferritin level in H. pylori-infected children was significantly lower than the mean level in the noninfected children (p &lt;0.001). Furthermore, the anemic group had a significantly higher incidence of H. pylori infection and a lower age (p &lt;0.001) in comparison with the nonanemic group. The dominant type of anemia in H. pylori-infected children was the microcytic hypochromic anemia, with a significantly higher incidence in comparison to other types of anemia (p &lt;0.001). The findings of this study demonstrate a significant association between H. pylori infection and anemia in school-aged children, especially iron deficiency anemia, as the incidence of H. pylori infection was greater in anemic children than in non-anemic children.

Fifth Disease

Patient Education| 2021 Fifth Disease Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Fifth Disease. Pediatric Patient Education 2021; 10.1542/peo_document555 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All AAP SitesAll PublicationsPediatric Patient Education Search Advanced Search Topics: erythema infectiosum, exanthema, sickle cell anemia Fifth disease, also called erythema infectiosum, is usually not a serious infection. Its most notable symptom is a bright red patch or rash on your child's cheeks. It is caused by a virus called parvovirus B19 and can be spread from one person to another through droplets or secretions (eg, saliva, sputum). It can also be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus. The virus can cause serious illness in a fetus or in any child who has a certain type of anemia (low red blood cell count) such as sickle cell anemia. Outbreaks of parvovirus B19 infections occur from time to time in elementary and middle schools during the late winter and early spring months. In the initial stages of fifth disease, your child may develop mild cold-like symptoms including a stuffy or runny nose, sore throat, mild fever, muscle... Copyright © 20122012American Academy of Pediatrics You do not currently have access to this content.

Hematological Profile of Anemia in Hospitalized Cirrhotics in the Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit of the University Hospital Campus of Lome (Togo)

Background: Anemia is multifactorial and very frequently observed in the evolution of cirrhosis. Only biological investigations can clarify its mechanisms. Objective: To determine the frequency of anemia in cirrhosis patients and to identify the different types of anemia encountered. Patients and Methods: Descriptive and analytical study based on the retrospective collection of data was carried out over 12 months in the hepato-gastroenterology unit of the University Hospital Campus of Lome (Togo). This study included hospitalized cirrhotic patients with a complete medical file including a blood count and presenting anemia. Results: During the study period, we collected 253 cases of cirrhosis, of which 153 patients had anemia (60.5%); there was a male predominance of 73.2%. The mean age was 51 ± 13 years. The B viral origin of cirrhosis was the most common (60.1%). Oedemato-ascitic decompensation (82.4%) and hepatocellular carcinoma (34%) were the main complications. The Child-Pugh B score was the most represented (74.5%). Hypochromic microcytic anemia was noted (48.4%) followed by normochromic normocytic anemia (46.4%); 82 patients (53.6%) had thrombocytopenia; pancytopenia was noted in 17 patients (11.1%). Hepatitis B virus was most commonly found with 50% hypochromic microcytic anemia followed by 46.7% normochromic normocytic anemia (p = 0.311). Hepatic encephalopathy was significantly more frequent in patients with hypochromic microcytic anemia (45.5%) (p = 0.025); hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly noted with 63.5% hypochromic microcytic anemia (p = 0.016). Child-Pugh C score with 47.4% hypochromic microcytic anemia was more frequent (p = 0.673). Conclusion: Hypochromic microcytic anemia was the most common type of anemia noted in our study. Hepatic encephalopathy and hepatocellular carcinoma were the major complications of cirrhosis significantly associated with the hypochromic microcytic anemia.

Prevalence and severity of anemia among children and adolescent individuals of the age group of 0–18 years old

Background: Since anemia is the most prevalent disorder in India, it got the significance to be studied and understood about. It is necessary to make people aware of the causes in certain age groups and genders, the preventive measures, and the importance of nutritional supplements, proper diet required to prevent anemia. Objective: The objective of this study is to study the prevalence and severity of anemia among children and adolescent individuals of the age group of 0–18 year old. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2020 to March 2021 (6 months) using the data of 267 children and adolescent individuals (0–18 years old) visiting the laboratory for complete blood count (CBC) investigation in the Hematology Department of Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India. The type and severity of anemia were assessed based on red cell indices and hemoglobin (HGB) levels, respectively. Results: Most common red blood cell (RBC) morphology was microcytic hypochromic (109) and least being macrocytic morphology. The average age was the highest for microcytic hypochromic. Average HGB was the highest in normocytic normochromic (9.68 g%). Majority were in the age group of 10–18 years. There were 126 male participants and 141 female participants. Average Hb in males was around 8.49 g%; common RBC morphology was microcytic hypochromic. Out of the 267 participants, 37 were nonanemic, 70 mild, 50 moderate, 55 severe, and 55 life-threatening anemias. Moreover, the average ages being 9.31, 8.78, 9.51, 10.67, and 13.6 years, respectively. Conclusion: The female predominance of anemia between the ages of 10–18 could be attributed to initiation of menstrual cycles and microcytic hypochromic smears could be related to chronic iron deficient diet.

Relationship between anemia and oral cancer: a case-control study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, type and severity of anemia at the time of diagnosis of oral cancer, and its potential association with the degree of tumor cell differentiation. This case-control study used 366 medical records of patients treated at two referral centers for oral cancer diagnosis, specifically: cases (n=70) with a histopathological diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of the oral cavity, and controls (n=296) with benign oral lesions. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical variables of both groups, as well as complete blood count values, were analyzed by descriptive statistics and crude/adjusted logistic regression. Anemia was detected in 15.7% of the cases and 11.8% of the controls. The presence of anemia had an OR=1.64 (odds ratio) (95%CI 0.54-5.00) for OSCC, with no significantly statistical association. Normocytic anemia was the most prevalent form of anemia when oral cancer was diagnosed (91.4% of the controls and 72.7% of the cases), and moderate to severely low hemoglobin levels were associated with OSCC diagnosis (OR 6.49; 95%CI 1.18-35.24), albeit data on hematological examinations were missing.

Morphofunctional properties of the lymphoid structures of the spleen in norm and under the influence of various factors

Studied magazines, materials of scientific conferences, as well as other information sources for the collection of reliable information about the actions of various factors on the lymphoid formations of the spleen. In addition, in the Breeding Centers, one can observe the accumulation of macrophages with phagocytic lymphocytes and dendritic cells. In such cases, the central part of the node looks bright. The spleen plays an important role in the processes of hemolysis of red blood cells. In pathological cases, especially in some types of hemolytic anemia, the altered erythrositlarni is retained and decomposed [9].