Types Of Aftereffects Research Articles

Social stress, performance after-effects and extra-role behaviour

The article is concerned with the after-effects of social stress on work performance. In a lab-based experiment, seventy participants were assigned to either a stress condition or a no-stress condition. In the stress condition, participants received fake negative performance feedback and they were ostracised by two confederates of the experimenter. Participants carried out the following tasks: attention and divergent creativity. The effects of social stress were examined at three levels: performance after-effects on unscheduled probe tasks, extra-role behaviour and subjective operator state. The manipulation check confirmed that participants experienced social stress. The results showed after-effects of social stress for some forms of extra-role behaviour (i.e. spontaneous reactions) and for the accuracy component of attention. Furthermore, social stress was found to increase negative affect and to reduce self-esteem. The findings point to the importance of assessing different types of after-effects rather than limiting the methodological approach to instant effects on performance. Practitioner summary: The study aimed to examine the multiple effects of social stress. Social stress resulted in increased negative affect and lower self-esteem. Furthermore, social stress was found to reduce the propensity of humans to show extra-role behaviour (i.e. providing spontaneous help to others).

An Analysis of the Perception of the Relationship between COVID-19 Aftereffects and Residential Spaces

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between residential space and COVID-19 treatment, and to investigate and analyze the need to create a healing environment in residential space before seeking a residential space plan method for COVID-19 treatment. A survey of 180 Y University students was conducted and 157 significant responses were analyzed. The results of the analysis are as follows. ① Many respondents said that COVID-19 will last for a long time, that they are aware of the seriousness or symptoms of the aftermath of COVID-19, and that they need healing and are important. ② As the time to stay at home increases, there is a high perception that planning for each space in the housing to heal the aftereffects of COVID-19 is important. ③ Among the types of aftereffects, many respondents recognized that physical dysfunction and nervous system disorder have brain stimulation healing effects through spatial planning. ④ In planning all spaces in the housing, it is recognized that it is important to create a healing environment for the aftereffects of COVID-19 in the residential space through space planning that can stimulate the brain.

Stronger tilt aftereffects in persons with schizophrenia.

Individuals with schizophrenia may fail to appropriately use temporal context and apply past environmental regularities to the interpretation of incoming sensory information. Here we use the visual system as a test bed for investigating how prior experience shapes perception in individuals with schizophrenia. Specifically, we use visual aftereffects, illusory percepts resulting from prior exposure to visual input, to measure the influence of prior events on current processing. At a neural level, visual aftereffects arise due to attenuation in the responses of neurons that code the features of the prior stimulus (neuronal adaptation) and subsequent disinhibition of neurons signaling activity at the opposite end of the feature dimension. In the current study, we measured tilt aftereffects and negative afterimages, 2 types of aftereffects that reflect, respectively, adaptation of cortical orientation-coding neurons and adaptation of subcortical and retinal luminance-coding cells in persons with schizophrenia (PSZ; n = 36) and demographically matched healthy controls (HC; n = 22). We observed stronger tilt aftereffects in PSZ compared to HC, but no difference in negative afterimages. Stronger tilt aftereffects were related to more severe negative symptoms. These data suggest oversensitivity to recent regularities, in the form of stronger visual adaptation, at cortical, but not subcortical, levels in schizophrenia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Pathogenic post-effect of entomopathogenic fungi on phytophagous pests and entomophagous biocontrol agents

Phytosanitary optimization of agricultural ecosystems under conditions of glasshouses and organic farming urgently demands guaranteed effect of plant protection. This can be achieved only through effective exploitation of a complex of biological agents, including arthropod predators and parasites, entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes and other microbes. Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium muscarium are characterized by facultative parasitism and possess high potential to control phytophagous insects, including pests of vegetable crops in glasshouses. In aphids, fungal pathogenesis was found to be comprised of primary mycosis and toxigenic post-effect in a row of consequent generations. For example, L. muscarium and B. bassiana had an adverse effect on fertility and survival rates of females of aphids Aphis gossypii up to the fifth generation. The longevity, reproductive period and amount of progeny were decreased in aphids treated with water suspension of fungal conidia. It can be deduced that the post-effect is caused by toxic action of metabolites as no evident mycosis was observed in the experiments. Similar type of after-effect is observed in the lacewing Chrysopa carnea contaminated with fungal conidia. The effect is also toxigenic being most prominent in the first generation of the survivors’ progeny and traceable up to the fifth generation. The consequences of the infection are best seen in the rate adult emergence which is twice as low as compared to control. This knowledge is essential to avoid antagonism between different groups of natural enemies exploited in biological control and to design adequate technology for their application.

The relationship between stroke and quality of life in Korean adults: based on the 2010 Korean community health survey.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of stroke in the Republic of Korea and its relationship with QOL based on standardized data. [Subjects and Methods] This study utilized raw data from the 2010 KCHS. In total, 229,229 individuals participated in the 2010 survey. The final analysis identified 4,604 individuals who had been diagnosed by a doctor with stroke. To identify the correlation between the aftereffect-related characteristics of stroke patients and QOL, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed. [Results] Participants experiencing aftereffects had a statistically significantly lower QOL than participants who had not experienced aftereffects. Regarding the types of aftereffects, participants experiencing palsy in the arms and legs, facial palsy, communication disabilities, swallowing or eating disabilities, and visual disabilities had a statistically significantly lower QOL than participants without aftereffects. The QOL of participants with one, two, three, four, or five aftereffects was statistically significantly less than that of participants without aftereffects [Conclusion] Stroke directly influences QOL and the number of types of aftereffects experienced by patients. Therefore, it is highly important that physical therapists seek to end the occurrence of one or more types of aftereffects in stroke patients.

In-plane uniaxial anisotropy, coercivity, and magnetic aftereffect of CoZrDy amorphous films

Amorphous alloy thin films of (Co95Zr5)100−xDyx with a well-defined in-plane uniaxial anisotropy Ku were prepared by rf sputtering. The saturation magnetization, Ku, and the coercive field were studied as a function of temperature and for the composition range 4≤x≤20. Ms could be fitted by the molecular-field model, Ku interpreted by a single-ion anisotropy process, and Hc by a model of Alben, Becker, and Chi [J. Appl. Phys. 49, 1653 (1978)]. At low temperatures (T≤50 K) and for the whole concentration range a new type of aftereffect is observed, the main characteristic of which is described.

Grating induction: A new type of aftereffect

After adaptation to a spatiotemporal counterphase flickering grating, a fine grating of the same orientation may be perceived in a uniform blank field. The spatial frequency of the induced grating remains approximately constant at about 18 c/deg regardless of the spatial frequency of the adapting spatiotemporal grating. It does not exhibit interocular transfer. The induced grating is not produced by contingent aftereffects, spatial frequency doubling, retinal afterimages, spatial frequency inhibition. Fourier harmonics or any other known type of aftereffect. It therefore represents a new class of aftereffect in the human visual system, suggesting unsuspected neuronal interactions in monocular pathways.

Aftereffects in IMPATT oscillators with transient ionizing radiation

Two types of aftereffects were observed in testing IMPATT diodes under ionizing radiation. The first type can be characterized by a 10-25-percent decrease in power and a 5-20-MHz change in oscillation frequency after the radiation pulse. The second type is characterized by a large change in oscillator performance (3-dB decrease in power and 1-GHz change in frequency) or irreversible diode failure, and occurred with two GaAs Schottky diodes. A strong cavity-RF load dependence has been demonstrated for the latter type of aftereffect.