Type Of Acne Research Articles

The impact of using a protective mask on the occurrence of maskne (mask acne) during the Covid-19 pandemic

Introduction
 The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a increase in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The term "maskne" was coined to describe acne caused by long-term wearing of a mask. It is a type of mechanical acne caused by the pressure and friction of the mask material against the skin. Although it’s prevalance is not well known, the maskne problem is becoming more and more significant.
 Aim of study 
 The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence and factors affecting the occurrence of mask acne.
 Materials and methods
 This cross-sectional study was conducted after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic among 148 residents of Poland. The results were obtained thanks to a self-conducted questionnaire distributed in both electronic and traditional form.
 Results
 In total, 148 participants took part in the study. 106 (71.6%) were women and 42 (28.4%) were men, with the dominant age group being 26-40, 70 (47.3%). Most participants wore a mask seven days a week, 62 (41.9%), four to eight hours a day, 70 (47.3%). Surgical masks were the most frequently used masks – 60 (40.5%). Ninety (60.8%) participants had no prior facial skin disease. Only 58 (39.2%) of participants had prior facial skin lesions. Of these, acne vulgaris was the most common, 48 (82.8%), followed by rosacea, 6 (10.4%), and psoriasis, 4 (6.8%). Fifty-three people (35.8%) who had facial acne before the pandemic said their acne got worse.
 Conclusions
 This study showed a significant association between the worsening of existing acne and frequent and long-term use of face masks. Therefore, certain measures should be taken to prevent the formation of new acne or the aggravation of existing acne while maintaining protection with face masks, especially for those working in the healthcare sector.

Low-Dose versus Conventional-dose Oral Isotretinoin Regimens: A Systematic Review on Randomized Controlled Comparative Studies of Different Regimens.

The effectiveness of Isotretinoin is superior compared to other acne therapies, particularly in reducing acne lesion counts. Concerns, however, arise relating to the most optimal dosage regimen with the best efficacy and lesser side effect. We intend to review existing randomized controlled comparative studies of isotretinoin in different regimens. PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were searched. The inclusion criteria is the RCT article. Full-text reading excluded articles that did not use GAGS as the method of measurement. Out of 921 articles that were electronically searched, 6 RCTs were extracted and summarized descriptively. After full-text reading, 4 RCTs were included. We then conducted risk of bias assessments for the selected studies using The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Across all trials, low-dose regimens were preferable in all types of acne-owing to its similar efficacy to conventional dose but with fewer occurrence of side effects as well as better patients' satisfaction and compliance. Furthermore, a continuous low-dose regimen had the best efficacy in comparison to other regimens of low-dose treatment. The limitations of our study include a slight difference in dosage between selected studies. Other limitations are that some studies did not explain the side effects and relapse rate thoroughly and did not state the compliance scoring method used. This review recommends continuous low-dose treatment as the chosen regimen for acne vulgaris. However, further evaluation regarding relapse rate compared to the conventional dose is needed.

Acne vulgaris and treatment with topical retinoids - adapalene and tretinoin

Introduction and purpose: Acne vulgaris is a disease that mainly affects young people and is associated with overactive sebaceous glands. The disease mainly affects the face but can also occur on the back. Depending on the clinical picture, we can distinguish different types of acne and make our treatment dependent on it. The aim of the study will be to compare the effects of topical retinoids on acne vulgaris. State of knowledge: Topical retinoids have a direct anti-inflammatory effect and prevent the formation of blackheads and microcomedones. Five retinoids are currently available for topical treatment of acne vulgaris. We distinguish three generations. The mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it is known that they react with the RAR and RXR receptors. In the review paper, we will compare the effects of adapalene with tretinoin. Conclusion: According to the indicated study results, there is no significant difference in the effect of treatment with adapalene or tretinoin. Adapalene showed less irritation during treatment than tretinoin. The most important thing during acne treatment is choosing the right concentration and formulation by the dermatologist so that the patient does not stop treatment.

Acne characteristics in Latin American patients and the potential role of trifarotene.

Individualization of treatment based on acne type and severity, location, disease burden, and patient preference is required to maximize efficacy, safety, and adherence to therapy. Latin American populations have unique attributes that must be considered as part of this process to improve clinical success and achieve patient goals. Acne is more common among patients with darker skin phototypes, in whom it is often associated with postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and scarring-the most important acne sequelae-potentially due to more frequent and more severe underlying inflammatory processes in this population. These data argue for an early and proactive approach to managing acne in these patients with agents that target the inflammatory processes that underlie acne and its sequelae. As a class, retinoids offer a spectrum of activity that may be useful in addressing the unique needs of Latin American populations. Trifarotene, a novel, selective retinoid, has been evaluated in relevant patient populations.

Novel 1726 nm laser demonstrates durable therapeutic outcomes and tolerability for moderate-to-severe acne across skin types

Traditional acne management with topical therapy, systemic antibiotics, hormonal agents, or oral isotretinoin requires compliance and may produce significant side effects. However, alternative treatments with lasers had failed to demonstrate durable clearance. To assess the tolerability and therapeutic outcomes of a novel 1726-nm laser treatment of moderate-to-severe acne across skin types. A prospective, open-label, single-arm, IDE-approved, IRB-approved study of 104 subjects with moderate-to-severe facial acne and Fitzpatrick Skin Types ranging from II-to-VI was conducted. Subjects received three laser treatments at 3(-1/+2)-week intervals. Following final treatment, ≥50% reduction in active acne inflammatory lesions was 32.6% at 4-weeks follow-up, increasing further to 79.8% and 87.3% at 12 and 26-weeks, respectively. The percentage of subjects clear or almost clear increased from 0% at baseline to 9%, 36.0%, and 41.8% at 4-, 12- and 26-weeks follow-up. No serious adverse events were observed related to device or protocol; treatments were well tolerated, requiring no anesthetic. Therapeutic outcomes and discomfort were similar across all skin types. Lack of control group. The study findings demonstrate the novel 1726 nm laser is well tolerated with durable progressive post-treatment improvement to at least 26 weeks for moderate-to-severe acne across skin types.

The Many Faces of Pediatric Acne: A Practical Algorithm for Treatment, Maintenance Therapy, and Skincare Recommendations for Pediatric Acne Patients.

Pediatric acne is a common, complex, multifactorial inflammatory skin disease with various expressions in childhood that can be categorized by age, severity, and pubertal status. The Faces of Pediatric Acne Project (FoPAP) aims to improve patient outcomes. The FoPAP group developed an algorithm that follows a consensus paper and a clinical case series on pediatric acne by applying the selected literature and drawing from the clinical knowledge and experience of each group member. The algorithm addresses neonatal, infantile, mid-childhood, preadolescent, and adolescent acne and starts with education on acne, general measures for prevention, treatment, maintenance, and ongoing skin care. Evaluation of pediatric acne requires a directed medical history and physical examination. For mid-childhood acne patients, a workup is warranted, and endocrine-associated abnormalities necessitate referral to a pediatric dermatologist. The second section of the algorithm identifies the type of pediatric acne, followed by the third section on acne treatment using a prescription or nonprescription treatment and skincare options. After successfully controlling the disease, maintenance treatment with topical agents and skincare using gentle cleansers and moisturizers containing lipids such as ceramides is important. The pediatric acne algorithm offers a comprehensive approach to treating and maintaining pediatric acne. In addition, it may support healthcare providers to bring more attention to pediatric acne patients and improve outcomes. Schachner LA, Andriessen A, Latanya Benjamin L, et al. The many faces of pediatric acne: a practical algorithm for treatment, maintenance therapy, and skincare recommendations for pediatric acne patients. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(6):539-545. doi:10.36849/JDD.7440&nbsp.

Skin Disease Detection using Image Processing and CNN

Busy lifestyles these days have led people to forget to drink water regularly which results in inadequate hydration and oily skin, oily skin has become one of the main factors for Acne vulgaris. Acne vulgaris, particularly on the face, greatly affects a person’s social, mental wellbeing and personal satisfaction for teens. Besides the fact that acne is well known as an inflammatory disorder, it was reported to have caused serious long-term consequences such as depression, scarring, mental illness, including pain and suicide. In this research work, a smartphone-based expert system namely “Cureto” is implemented using a hybrid approach i.e. using deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and natural language processing (NLP). The proposed work is designed, implemented and tested to classify Acne density, skin sensitivity and to identify the specific acne subtypes namely whiteheads, blackheads, papules, pustules, nodules and cysts. The proposed work not only classifies Acne Vulgaris but also recommends appropriate treatments based on their classification, severity and other demographic factors such as age, gender, etc. The results obtained show that for Acne type classification the accuracy ranges from 90%-95% and for Skin Sensitivity and Acne density the accuracy ranges from 93%–96%..

“ROLE OF CONSTITUTIONAL HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT IN CASES OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME USING HOMEOPATHIC MEDICAL REPERTORY''

PCOS said to be the most common endocrine disorder affecting young women. It's a state of clinical hyperandrogenism which includes hirsuitism, acne and male type baldness. It is also associate with signicant morbidity such as anovulation, psychosocial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and an increased risk of cancer. One in every 10 women has PCOS in India and it is increased in teenagers. It leads to chain of therapeutic interventions such as Oral contraceptives, weight loss treatment, nutraceuticals, fertility treatments and anti-androgens (1). It is crucial to save the female population from undergoing the versatile morbid processes called PCOS. Homoeopathy plays signicant role in treating endocrine disorders due to its holistic concept. It offers better patient care at less cost with more competency. There is a need for a complementary therapy which would alleviate the symptoms of PCOS effectively (2). This Randomised Placebo controlled trial will be adding value to the existing mono pharmacy approach of Homoeopathy

Epidemiological characteristics of different types of adult acne in Turkey: a prospective, controlled, multicenter study

Epidemiological characteristics of different types of adult acne in Turkey: a prospective, controlled, multicenter study

A Novel, Hand‐Held, and Low‐Level Light Therapy Device for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: A Single‐Arm, Prospective Clinical Study

There is an increasing demand for low‐level light therapy devices for the treatment of dermatologic conditions, such as acne, hair loss, undesirable body hair, and skin aging. This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of a novel hand‐held low‐level light therapy device with a 680 nm red laser diode and a 450 nm blue light‐emitting diode for the treatment of mild‐to‐moderate acne. A prospective clinical study was conducted on 57 patients with mild‐to‐moderate acne and Fitzpatrick skin types II–IV. Treatments were self‐administered by the patients at home daily for 4 weeks. Conventional treatment was restricted during the study period. The number of inflammatory and noninflammatory lesion counts, Investigator’s Global Assessment grade, patients’ self‐assessment, and adverse events were measured every two weeks, and follow‐ups were performed until four weeks after the final treatment. Moreover, we evaluated the bactericidal effect of low‐level light therapy on Cutibacterium acnes, a causative agent of acne vulgaris, in vitro. The mean number of inflammatory acne lesions decreased statistically at weeks 4 ( ∗∗∗p < 0.001) and 8 ( ∗∗∗p < 0.001). The proportion of Investigator’s Global Assessment grade 3, indicating moderate acne severity, decreased significantly at the final visit. No severe adverse reactions were reported. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in the viability of Cutibacterium acnes following low‐level light therapy exposure in vitro. The results of this study demonstrate that this novel, hand‐held, and low‐level light therapy device are safe and effective for the treatment of inflammatory acne, with good adherence.

Essential Oils in the Treatment of Various Types of Acne—A Review

Acne is a chronic, common disease that poses a significant therapeutic, psychological and social problem. The etiopathogenesis of this disease is not fully understood. Drugs used in general and external therapy should have anti-seborrhoeic, anticomadogenic, bactericidal, bacteriostatic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Acne treatment is often associated with the long-term use of antibiotics, contributing to the global antibiotic resistance crisis. In order to solve this problem, attention has been paid to essential oils and their terpene components with potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Research shows that certain essential oils effectively reduce inflammatory acne lesions through mechanisms related to the sebaceous glands, colonization of Cutibacterium acnes, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). An example is tea tree oil (TTO), a more commonly used topical agent for treating acne. TTO has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. The paper presents the latest scientific information on the activity and potential use of specific essential oils in treating acne. Evidence of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity of several essential oils and their main components was presented, indicating the possibility of using them in the treatment of acne.

CUTIS-SEQ, a flexible bilocus sequence typing scheme that provides high resolution of Cutibacterium acnes strains across all subspecies

ObjectivesA ‘high resolution’ Single Locus Sequence Typing (SLST) scheme has been described for the anaerobic skin bacterium Cutibacterium acnes that seemingly discriminates sequence types (STs) to a level commensurate with previously described Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) methods (MLST4; MLST8; MLST9). However, no quantifiable evaluation of SLST versus MLST for differentiation of C. acnes strains, especially in relation to the subspecies of the bacterium, known as C. acnes subsp. acnes (type I), C. acnes subsp. defendens (type II) and C. acnes subsp. elongatum (type III), has been performed which is vital given its increasing use. To address this, we examined the discriminatory power of SLST versus MLST with a large group of isolates representative of all subspecies. MethodsSimpson's index of diversity (D) was used for quantitative comparison of the resolving power of the SLST and MLST schemes for 186 isolates of C. acnes covering all three subspecies. ResultsWhen strains were considered collectively, SLST and all three MLST approaches had similar D values > 90%. However, at the subspecies level there were significant differences between the methods, most strikingly a reduced discrimination of type II and type III strains (D <80%) by SLST versus MLST8, and to a lesser extent MLST4. The MLST9 method also performed poorly for type II strains (D <70%), but did display the best results for type I (D = 90%). By combining the SLST locus with the camp2 gene sequence to create a novel and flexible high-resolution Bilocus Sequence Typing (BLST) scheme, known as CUTIS-SEQ typing (CUTIbacterium acneS BilocuS sEQuence Typing), we achieved improved resolution at both species and, critically, subspp. levels. ConclusionsCUTIS-SEQ provides an opportunity to improve differentiation of C. acnes isolates by SLST without significantly impacting laboratory workload, or compromising application to complex biological communities. A CUTIS-SEQ isolate database is now available as part of the C. acnes PubMLST database at https://pubmlst.org.

Impact of mask wear on the skin of clinical year medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Objectives: Use of facial masks since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a new type of mechanical acne termed Maskne. Long-term wear of masks can increase skin damage leading to de novo onset of, or worsening of pre-existing facial dermatoses such as acne, rosacea, and dermatitis. We have encountered numerous studies on the effects of mask wear on skin of health-care professionals, mainly COVID-19 first responders, but there seems to be scarce literature on the effects of mask wear in medical students. The objective of the study was to investigate how mask wear during the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the skin condition of clinical year medical students from Georgian Medical Universities. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted online through a survey among 152 clinical year medical students (4th, 5th, and 6th years) of Georgian Medical Universities, from February 27, 2022, to April 18, 2022. Participants’ were asked a series of questions focusing on their mask habits such as type of mask worn, duration of wear, frequency of changing the mask, and about their skin condition before and after mask usage. Results: From a total of 151 respondents, of which 69.5% (n = 105) were female and 30.5% (n = 46) were male, with majority of participants from the 5th year 48.1% (n = 62), followed by 4th year 30.5% (n = 46) and 6th year 28.5% (n = 43), 51.4% (n = 76) of students experienced acne/rosacea or had their pre-existing acne/rosacea worsen since they started wearing masks. The top three common manifestations are closed comedones 65.8% (n = 52), pustules 43% (n = 34), and papules 26.6% (n = 21). However, there was no statistically significant relationship between the type of mask used and the daily duration of wear on facial dermatoses. Conclusion: Widespread use of masks may flare up acne in some medical students causing a negative impact on their self-confidence. One of the limitation of our study is the small sample size. Furthermore, information from the participants related to hereditary and acne exposome factors that may contribute to the development of, or worsening of acne was not carried out, and no follow-up was performed. The data were collected through an online survey only, without a physical examination in person of the participants’ skin. Therefore, the details reported are up to the participants’ discretion. Further research in this area needs to be carried out with a bigger sample size and with the diagnosis of mask acne confirmed by a medical professional. It is important to diagnose and treat this new age dermatological condition in a timely manner to prevent lasting adverse effects on skin condition.

What Is Acne and What Causes It?

Most people have experienced waking up with a bright red pimple on their faces. Pimples can be painful, embarrassing, and downright annoying! But what causes these pesky blemishes known as acne? And is there anything we can do to treat or prevent them? This article explores the common types of acne found in adolescents and what causes them. It also discusses treatments for acne and the impact of acne on a person’s mental health and self-esteem.

Physiological and histological Study on liver of male albino rats treated with retinol drug (retain)

Isotretinoin, commonly known as 13-cis-retinoic acid, is a vitamin derivative used to treat severe acne and several types of skin, head, and neck cancer. According to certain research, isotretinoin causes apoptosis in a number of different types of bodily cells. In instances of clinically obvious acute liver injury with jaundice, isotretinoin has not been definitively linked. It is unknown how isotretinoin elevates serum aminotransferase levels, however, given that this effect seems to occur more frequently with a greater dose of medication, it may be a direct harmful impact. Methods: This study was conducted in the animal house in the College of Science / University of Babylon for the period from 22/11/2021 to 22/12/2021. The study included 40 white male albino rats (Rattus rattus) aged 2-3 months, weighing 100 to 150 g, and at a temperature of (25+3C) and 12 u (light-dark cycle) and then divided into eight groups, each group containing five rats. The animals were left before treatment for two weeks to acclimatize. After that, the rats were treated with Isotretinoin and they were given free water and a ration.

Identification of Acne Vulgaris Type in Facial Acne Images Using GLCM Feature Extraction and Extreme Learning Machine Algorithm

Acne vulgaris or acne is a common inflammatory pilosebaceous condition that affects up to 90% of teenagers, begins during adolescent years, and often persists into adulthood. Acne vulgaris, especially on the face, has a major impact on the emotional, social and psychological health of patients. In treating acne, it is necessary to identify the exact type of acne. The manual method is considered less effective, so it is proposed an automatic method using a computer, which uses image processing techniques. This research was conducted to identify the types of acne on facial acne images. The methods used are K-Means Clustering for segmentation, Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) for feature extraction, and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) for classification. The dataset is 100 images and consists of 3 classes, namely Nodules, Papules and Pustules. Testing is done in two stages, namely testing 2 classes (Nodules and Papules), followed by testing 3 classes (Nodules, Papules and Pustules). Testing of 2 classes produces the highest accuracy of 95,24% and testing of 3 classes produces the highest accuracy of 80%.

Automatic Acne Object Detection and Acne Severity Grading Using Smartphone Images and Artificial Intelligence.

Skin image analysis using artificial intelligence (AI) has recently attracted significant research interest, particularly for analyzing skin images captured by mobile devices. Acne is one of the most common skin conditions with profound effects in severe cases. In this study, we developed an AI system called AcneDet for automatic acne object detection and acne severity grading using facial images captured by smartphones. AcneDet includes two models for two tasks: (1) a Faster R-CNN-based deep learning model for the detection of acne lesion objects of four types, including blackheads/whiteheads, papules/pustules, nodules/cysts, and acne scars; and (2) a LightGBM machine learning model for grading acne severity using the Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) scale. The output of the Faster R-CNN model, i.e., the counts of each acne type, were used as input for the LightGBM model for acne severity grading. A dataset consisting of 1572 labeled facial images captured by both iOS and Android smartphones was used for training. The results show that the Faster R-CNN model achieves a mAP of 0.54 for acne object detection. The mean accuracy of acne severity grading by the LightGBM model is 0.85. With this study, we hope to contribute to the development of artificial intelligent systems to help acne patients better understand their conditions and support doctors in acne diagnosis.

Dermoscopic Examination in Malassezia folliculitis

Background: Malassezia folliculitis (MF) is the most common fungal folliculitis, and it is caused by yeast of the genus Malassezia. MF may be difficult to be distinguished clinically from acne and other types of folliculitis, causing misdiagnosis and improper treatment. Dermoscopy has been very useful to support the diagnosis of several types of folliculitis, including MF. Purpose: To know the role of dermoscopic examination in MF. Review: The diagnosis of MF can be identified by usual clinical presentation with direct microscopy and culture of the specimen, Wood's light examination, histopathological examination, and rapid efficacy of oral antifungal treatments. Several studies reported that dermoscopy provides a deeper level of the image that links the clinical morphology and the underlying histopathology. Some dermoscopic patterns are observed consistently with certain diseases, including MF, so these could be used for establishing their diagnosis. The dermoscopic features of MF seem to correlate with the current understanding of its etiopathogenesis. Conclusion: Dermoscopic examination in MF will reveal dermoscopic patterns including folliculocentric papule and pustules with surrounding erythema, dirty white perilesional scales, coiled/looped hairs with perifollicular erythema and scaling, hypopigmentation of involved hair follicles, and dotted vessels.

Openness toward the use of telemedicine among medical students in Romania: A cross-sectional study

Openness toward the use of telemedicine among medical students in Romania: A cross-sectional study

DEMODEX INFESTATION IN ACNE VULGARIS

Introduction: Acne is a very common skin disease in adolescents and young adults, but it also affects adults. However, its aetiology is not yet fully understood. Demodex mites are found on the skin of healthy people and patients with skin disorders Some reports indicate the association between acne vulgaris and demodicosis.&#x0D; Objectives: To investigate the Demodex infestation rate in acne patients and to analyze the relationship between Demodex infestation with some characteristics of the disease: age, gender, duration time of disease, clinical types of acne, severity of acne and GAGS score. &#x0D; Material and methods: Case control study on an acne group of 40 acne patients and an age-sex matched healthy control group comprising 31 individuals at HCMC Hospital of Dermato - venereology. Dermatological examinations were performed and a direct microscopic examination was used to determine the presence of Demodex mites.&#x0D; Results: The median age was 22.5 (inter-quartile range 20.25 – 25), acne affected women than men (72.5% versus 22.5%). The median age of onset was 19,5 (inter-quartile range 16-23). Demodex infestation was seen in 7 (17.5%) patients in the acne group and 0 (0%) in the control group; this difference was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) (OR =1.212; 95% CI: 1.051- 1.398) (p=0.015). Pain was related to Demodex positivity (OR=8.333 95% CI=1.906- 36.44), (p=0.003).&#x0D; Conclusions: The findings of our study emphasize that acne vulgaris is significantly associated with Demodex infestation. Demodex infestation should be considered when the classical therapies are ineffective especially in cases of post adolescent acne.