Stratotype Research Articles

The Passo das Tropas outcrop complex and the Dicroidium Flora in southern Brazil

The Dicroidium flora, composed of different genera of fossil plants, has its first records dating back to the Permian, expanded significantly in diversity in the Triassic, occupying several regions of the Gondwanan territory, becoming a biostratigraphic landmark for the Triassic. In Brazil, this paleoflora is found in the sedimentary rocks of the Santa Maria region, state of Rio Grande do Sul, in locations close to the Passo das Tropas Creek, an informal type section of the Passo das Tropas Member, of the Santa Maria Formation. Pioneering studies on the subject in the region began in 1952, at the Passo das Tropas outcrop, which described the first records of the Dicroidium flora. Over the years, different outcrops were found in this region, which also revealed this paleoflora, such as: “Dom Antônio Reis” outcrop, “Zenir Aita” outcrop and “Espuma” outcrop, where several paleontological collections were carried out. In addition to plant fossils, fish scales and insect wings were recorded in these outcrops. However, these outcrops were totally or partially buried due to the urbanization process in the city of Santa Maria and its surroundings, making further studies impossible. This article presents a historical and stratigraphic review, compiling the work carried out in the last 70 years on the outcrops of the Passo das Tropas Member and presents a new fossil site, the outcrop called Estância dos Montes. A total of 125 specimens were recovered from the Estância dos Montes outcrop, belonging to Dicroidium odontopteroides, D. zuberi, D. lancifolium, Umkomasia sp., Pteruchus sp., Neocalamites sp. and seeds. The fossils presented in this work come from a paleontological rescue carried out at the Estância dos Montes outcrop and are currently deposited in the Paleontological Collection of the Laboratório de Estratigrafia e Paleobiologia of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Not only the importance of preserving and protecting fossil sites and their contents is highlighted, but also the uniqueness of these fossils for the valorization of the regional heritage of Santa Maria and the global relevance of adding more data to compress the biota during the Gondwanan Triassic.

Palaeoenvironmental analysis of the Langshan Formation in the Xiongba area

The mid-Cretaceous Langshan Formation is a massive limestone unit, outcropping typically in the northern Lhasa block. A Xiongba section, measured near the type section of the Langshan Formation, is here described. The succession consists of orbitolinids limestone, where eight microfacies have been recognized. The lower part of the Langshan Formation consists of discoidal orbitolinids with other heterotrophic associations, including echinoderms, sponge spicules, and bivalves. In contrast, the upper part of the Langshan Formation features conical orbitolinids with an abundance of green algae and small benthic foraminifers. We interpret the morphological changes in orbitolinids as being influenced by bathymetry. Consequently, the microfacies variations in the Langshan Formation in the Xiongba section represent a shallowing upward sequence.

Chemostratigraphic characterization of the Lower Paleozoic Amdeh Formation outcrops and correlation to the subsurface Haima Supergroup and Nimr Group, Sultanate of Oman

A chemostratigraphic correlation between the siliciclastic Lower Paleozoic Amdeh Formation outcrops of the Saih Hatat area, just south of Muscat, and the hydrocarbon-bearing Haima Supergroup and Nimr Group of subsurface Oman is presented. The Amdeh Formation is a 3.4 km-thick succession of Cambrian to Ordovician-aged sandstones and shales, divided into five lithological members (Am1–Am5). The Amdeh Formation type section was sampled throughout for inorganic elemental geochemistry, quantitative mineralogy and U–Pb zircon geochronology. A robust chemostratigraphic framework for the equivalent Haima Supergroup and Nimr Group intervals, defined in the subsurface, is utilized to correlate with the Amdeh Formation. The Amdeh is interpreted to be a basinward, fully marine, time equivalent of the subsurface Haradh (and likely also the Karim), Amin, Miqrat, Al Bashair, Barik, Mabrouk, Barakat, Ghudun and Saih Nihayda formations. This correlation is based on the identification of key mineralogical, depositional, provenance and sequence stratigraphic events within the inorganic geochemical data, guided by outcrop observations of depositional facies and key surfaces, and existing biostratigraphy. Positioned beyond the northern edge of the Ghaba Salt Basin, the Amdeh Formation outcrops provide important constraints on subsurface reservoir distribution, palaeogeography and basin evolution, factors that are relevant to deep gas prospectivity.

Slip velocity and field information of two-phase cavitating flows

In this work, laser-induced florescent particle image velocimetry was performed to measure simultaneously the liquid and vapor velocity fields at the mid-span of a small-scale Venturi type section to determine the presence of a slip velocity between the phases. Various dynamic behavior and Kelvin–Helmholtz (K-H) instability involved in the cloud cavity shedding regime are discussed at four different cavitation numbers. The velocity, vorticity, and turbulence field information of the two phases are analyzed. The liquid–vapor mixture in a cavitating flow is usually considered a homogeneous medium in currently used computational models, but it is shown in this study that the two phases have very different dynamics. The measurements of the time-averaged velocities highlight the existence of a noteworthy slippage between the liquid and the vapor phases, especially in the upstream part of the cavitation region, where the slippage between the two phases can reach about 50% of the liquid velocity. Using phase-locked average, it is shown that the slip velocity in the upstream region is mainly located at the upper liquid–vapor interface, while the slip velocity in the closure area is near the bottom wall, due to the reentrant jet. These results contradict a primary assumption of the current models, where the medium is usually considered as a homogeneous mixture with a unique velocity field, thus providing a reference for future computational model improvement.

New ammonoid records and the definition of the base of the German Hemberg-Stufe (Famennian III, Upper Devonian)

In the revised ammonoid biostratigraphy of Becker (1993), the base of the German Hemberg-Stufe (Hembergian, middle Famennian, Upper Devonian III) was defined by the entry of Pernoceras dorsatum (Wedekind, 1918). However, this taxon is an invalid junior homonym of Tornoceras simplex var. dorsata Gürich, 1900 and Wedekind`s form was poorly defined and originally not illustrated. Based on a review of Wedekind material and unpublished collections from two trenches at the Enkeberg type section, the defining taxon of the Hembergian is re-assigned to Protornoceras genulobatum (Sobolew, 1914b). The species is discussed in the context of previous records of Tornoceras dorsatum and in the taxonomic framework of the Aulatornoceratinae, especially of the genera Protornoceras and Pernoceras. In the revised regional and international zonation scheme, UD III-A becomes a regional Prot. genulobatum Zone and international Protornoceras Genozone. Some other Protornoceras, questionable Falcitornoceras, and Pernoceras are described. These include Prot. rhenicum n. sp., Prot. umbilicatoides (Sobolew, 1914a), Prot. aff. delepinei (Petter, 1975), and Prot. aff. crebriseptum (Raymond, 1909) from the Enkeberg, Prot. aff. genulobatum from Beringhauser Tunnel, the Rhenish Perno. kochi (Wedekind, 1908), and the Russian Pernoceras kirsaense n. sp.

Depositional environments and thermal maturity of the hydrocarbon source rocks in the Devonian–Early carboniferous Ora Formation from palynological organic petrographic investigations in northern and western Iraq

The study investigates the palynofacies, organic matter character, and hydrocarbon generation potential of this rock unit, based on surface and subsurface samples from the Ora Formation type-section in extreme northern Iraq and the Akkas-3 well in western Iraq, respectively. Dark, mostly oxidized, gelified platy amorphous organic matter (AOM) dominates the palynological components in the surface section, in addition to a few rounded spores and structured phytoclasts. In contrast, palynomorphs, including Ambitisporites avitus, Aneurospora spp., Vallatisporites verrucosus, Acinosporites spp., Verrucosisporites nitidus and the algae Botryococcus, are predominant in studied samples from the Akkas-3 well. Statistical cluster analysis identified three palynofacies types in the surface section based on stratigraphic variations in the particulate organic matter. These vary from high amorphous organic matter (AOM), moderate phytoclast, and low palynomorph abundances that represent proximal suboxic–anoxic shelfal environments to moderate to good AOM and low to moderate palynomorph abundances that represent distal suboxic–anoxic or distal dysoxic–anoxic shelfal environments. The organic petrographic study of the outcrop section also revealed the strong effect of oxidation, where dispersed terrigenous and amorphous organic materials in the form of granular and gelified forms dominate and reflect a terrestrial origin of these components. In the subsurface section, a mixed terrestrial and less marine or lacustrine origin characterized the studied organic matter, where land plant spores (sporinite), in addition to vitrinite and inertinite, are dominant with a few scattered liptinite macerals. The difference in thermal maturity between the outcrop and subsurface samples is likely due to the higher tectonic burial of the outcrop samples that form part of the Northern Thrust Zone of Iraq. Nevertheless, higher abundances of AOM (oil-prone kerogen type II) accumulated in the northern outcrop type section. This might imply that the Ora Formation has a higher potential for hydrocarbon production north of the Akkas field.

Implementing multiblock techniques in a full-scale plant scenario: On-line prediction of quality parameters in a continuous process for different acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) products

BackgroundThe study explores the challenges of handling multiblock data of different natures (process and NIR sensors) for on-line quality prediction in a full-scale plant scenario, namely a plant operating in continuous on an industrial scale and producing different grade Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) products. This environment is an ideal scenario to evaluate the use of multiblock data analysis methods, which can enhance data interpretation, visualization, and predictive performances. In particular, a novel multiblock extension of Locally Weighted PLS has been proposed by the authors, namely Locally Weighted Multiblock Partial Least Squares (LW-MB-PLS). Response-Oriented Sequential Alternation (ROSA) has also been employed to evaluate the diverse block relevance for the prediction of two quality parameters associated with the polymer. Data are split in blocks both according to sensor type and different plant sections, and different models have been built by incremental addition of data blocks to evaluate if early estimation of product quality is feasible. ResultsROSA method showed promising predictive performance for both quality parameters, highlighting the most influential plant sections through the selection of data blocks. The results suggested that both early and late-stage sensors play crucial roles in predicting product quality. A reasonable estimation of quality parameters before production completion has been achieved. On the other hand, the proposed LW-MB-PLS, while comparable in predictive performances, allowed reducing systematic prediction errors for specific products. SignificanceThis study contributes valuable insights for continuous production processes, aiding plant operators and paving the way for advancements in online quality prediction and control. Furthermore, it is implemented as a locally weighted extension of MB-PLS.

A typical point bar with atypical strata in the McMurray Formation, Alberta, Canada: Floods, tides and high suspended sediment concentrations

AbstractStratigraphic positions and the nature of some breccias and mudstones observed in the Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation type section (Alberta, Canada) challenge the existing fluvial point bar facies models. The currently applied large‐scale, tidally influenced, sandy bedload facies model suggests that point bars fine upward, where breccias and cross‐strata occur at the base of the succession and mud content increases upward. Instead, this study documents that: (i) mudstone clast breccias are not exclusively associated with basal channel‐lag deposits and can occur throughout the point bar; and (ii) stratified mudstones are not limited to the top of the fining‐upward succession and can occur at or near the channel base. This outcrop data, including lithology, sedimentary structures, trace fossils, bed thickness and boundaries, and the nature of stratal packages, further suggests dynamic interplay between fluvial and tidal processes. This article discusses the potential role of high‐magnitude river floods in temporarily elevated suspended sediment concentrations and highlights that fluid mud processes played a crucial role in mud deposition in both tide‐influenced and fluvial parts of the system. Fluid mud processes allowed mud deposition along the channel base and across the point bar accretion surfaces. The breccias predominantly consist of broken pieces of inclined heterolithic strata and mostly occur on accretion sets of point bars, suggesting erosion and collapse of the point bar rather than of the cutbank. This work introduces a novel perspective to the existing models of point bar sedimentation, offering a new end member and concepts for the interpretation of subsurface data. The authors hope that this research encourages further investigations into similar phenomena elsewhere in the world.

The stable sulfur isotope and abundance fluxes of reduced inorganic sulfur and organic sulfur phases recorded in the Permian-Triassic transition of the Meishan type section

Sulfur cycle fluxes implicated in the Permian-Triassic mass extinction have traditionally been studied by the sulfur phase abundances in sedimentary rocks and the stable sulfur isotopic value (δ34S) of seawater sulfate inferred from mineral sulfate analyses. This information might be complemented by studies of the reduced inorganic sulfur and organic sulfur produced following bacterial sulfate reduction. To explore this potential the δ34S and concentration analyses of total reduced inorganic sulfur (TRIS) and organic sulfur – separately in the forms of kerogen (Ker) and individual organosulfur compounds, specifically dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) – has been conducted on sediments across the Late Permian to Early Triassic marine type section of Meishan-1 (South China). The relatively steady δ34S profiles (e.g., < 5 ‰ variation) of all sulfur phases measured through much of the late Permian were indicative of a primary seawater sulfate control, but other biogeochemical modulators caused prominent δ34S fluctuations of TRIS and DBT adjacent to the extinction event. The late Triassic δ34STRIS profile of Meishan-1 displayed a notable 34S enrichment (+15 ‰ increase) in bed 22–24 sediments concomitant with lower δ34SDBT values (−7 ‰ decrease), whereas co-eval δ34SKerS values remained relatively constant. The contrasting δ34SDBT and δ34SKerS data suggests the dynamic behavior of specific diagenetic sulfurisation processes may be resolved by the δ34S of discrete organic sulfur compounds (i.e., dibenzothiophenes, DBTs), but dissipated by the sulfurisation collective represented by the bulk kerogen fraction. The inverse isotopic trend observed between DBT and TRIS resulted in negative Δδ34SDBT-TRIS values identifying an organic sulfurisation pathway(s) with an unusual preference over pyrite (FeS2) for the lighter stable sulfur isotope. A redox control of the δ34SDBTs and δ34STRIS deviations in the bed 22–24 extinction interval was confirmed by coincident variation in TRIS/(TRIS + KerS) and pyrite (Py) and highly reactive (HR) iron ratios (FePy/FeHR). The iron (Fe) speciation data indicated a transition to ferruginous conditions, ruling out Fe2+ limitation as a factor in the bias against 34S evident in DBT formation. The 34S depletion of the DBTs promoted by the ferruginous setting may arise from the rapid and irreversible reaction of organic substrates with labile sulfur anions (e.g. HS-) or be supported by an especially localised sediment–water depositional microenvironment. Our study highlights the potential of incorporating stable sulfur isotope analytics of reduced and organic sulfur phases, particularly of specific organic compounds, into a holistic assessment of the dynamic sulfur biochemical periods of Earth’s past.

Risk of Asthma and Allergies in Children Delivered by Cesarean Section: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

It is unclear whether cesarean delivery increases the risk of allergic diseases in offspring. To investigate the association between cesarean delivery and the risk of allergic diseases in offspring. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies up to October 12, 2023. Observational studies comparing the risk of allergic diseases in offspring delivered by cesarean section versus those delivered vaginally were included. Most-adjusted estimates from individual studies were synthesized by meta-analysis. A total of 113 studies were included, 70 of which had a low risk of bias. Compared with offspring delivered vaginally, offspring delivered by cesarean section had significantly greater risks of asthma (odds ratio [OR]= 1.20; 95% CI, 1.16-1.25), allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis (OR= 1.15' CI 1.09-1.22), atopic dermatitis or eczema (OR= 1.08; CI, 1.04-1.13), food allergies (OR= 1.35; CI, 1.18-1.54), and allergic sensitization (OR= 1.19; CI, 1.10-1.28). Cesarean delivery did not significantly increase urticaria risk. Sensitivity analyses including only studies with a low risk of bias, adjusted estimates, prospective data collection, large sample sizes, or outcomes from medical records generally supported these findings. Offspring age, study region latitude, economy type, and cesarean delivery rate accounted for some of the clinical heterogeneity. We found no data on allergic purpura. Most-adjusted estimates suggest that cesarean delivery is associated with increased risks of asthma, allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis or eczema, food allergies, and allergic sensitization in offspring. The impact of cesarean delivery on urticaria and purpura remains uncertain.

Chitinozoan response to the ‘Kellwasser events’: population dynamics and morphological deformities across the Frasnian–Famennian mass extinction

AbstractFossil (zoo)plankton dynamics during Devonian ocean‐anoxic and extinction events can shed light on the palaeoceanographic and geochemical processes that shaped the middle Palaeozoic biosphere. However, datasets on (Upper) Devonian marine palynology, illustrating such dynamics, remain underexplored. The type section of the Sweetland Creek Shale in Iowa (USA) offers a detailed conodont zonation for the upper Frasnian and across the Frasnian–Famennian boundary, records the Upper and Lower Kellwasser events and has pristine preservation of organic material, making this an ideal section to study the effects of this catastrophic event on chitinozoan zooplankton populations. A total of 3998 specimens were recovered, imaged and classified into 12 distinct species, 10 of which were previously unknown. This study demonstrates the unrealized potential of chitinozoans as a regional biostratigraphic tool in the Upper Devonian. The Lower Kellwasser Event is characterized by a drop in chitinozoan abundance and the run up to the Upper Kellwasser Event marks a period of rapid species turnover rates. Interestingly, every assemblage in this interval is nearly monospecific. Patterns of changing spine morphologies in Fungochitina pilosa, Ramochitina sp. A and Saharochitina sp. A are herein explored as potential ecophenotypic expressions. We identify Angochitina monstrosa as a new disaster species. The discovery of two teratological chitinozoans specimens, in combination with the presence of the disaster species Angochitina monstrosa and deformation in contemporaneous conodonts, supports our previous discovery that marine teratology is a feature of many Palaeozoic extinction events, possibly triggered by the injection of hydrothermal brines into the ocean.

Linked evolution of Paleocene sea floor relief and deep marine currents in the Subbetic Zone, southern Spain

Paleocene deposits of the Subbetic Zone (southern Spain) provide outstanding evidence of the influence of sea mountains on deep marine currents. This part of the Betic Cordillera External Zones corresponds to the distal and deepest area of the original basin, where hemipelagic sedimentation prevailed during most of the Turonian-early Lutetian interval. This sedimentation is recorded by the so-called Capas Rojas and Quipar-Jorquera formations, units up to 250 m and 425 m thick, respectively, predominantly consisting of marls and marl/limestone alternations. These units draped and smoothed an irregular submarine topography of fault-bounded Mesozoic carbonate blocks. Some of these blocks became uplifted and subaerially exposed after a mid-Danian tectonic episode, transforming the Subbetic Zone in an archipelago during the late Danian-early Selandian interval. The emerged blocks were colonized by Microcodium-producing terrestrial plants, Microcodium consisting of aggregates of submilimetric monocrystalline calcite grains. Massive resedimentation of these grains into depressed zones of the archipelago resulted in discrete accumulations up to 100 m thick but of comparatively modest extent (≤150 km2) of calcarenites rich in Microcodium remains. The study of one of these calcarenite units, the Olivares Formation, demonstrates that most of its constituent Microcodium remains were brought to the deep sea by turbidity currents, but were subsequently reworked by oscillatory and unidirectional bottom-currents. The analysis of the Capas Rojas Formation in its type section and surrounding areas, where Microcodium-rich calcarenites are absent, demonstrates that the Danian-Selandian succession is riddled with hiatuses, which resulted in a drastic thickness reduction of the interval. Clearly, the rugged sea floor topography resulting from the mid-Danian tectonic event enhanced the sedimentary transport capacity of bottom-currents that, in addition to piling-up Microcodium-rich calcarenites in restricted zones, disturbed the hemipelagic sedimentation elsewhere in the Subbetic Zone. From late Thanetian times onwards the background hemipelagic sedimentation typical of the Capas Rojas progressively resumed throughout the Subbetic Zone, recording the gradual abatement of the sea floor relief by protracted erosion and/or subsidence.

New species, Hoya sungwookii (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), from southern Vietnam

A new species, Hoya sungwookii, discovered in southern Vietnam near Nha Trang Town (Khanh Hoa Province) is described and illustrated. It belongs to the type section of the genus and is distinguished from the morphologically closest H. ablongacutifolia (= H. graveolens) in glabrous pedicels, smaller flower 1.1–1.4 cm across, greenish ciliate calyx, corolla abaxially light green, small green to dark green corona 4.5–5 mm in diameter, 1.6–1.8 mm tall, small, 2–2.2 mm long, corona segments, and short corona segment inner angle, not exceeding anthers. Additionally, data on ecology, phenology, distribution of newly described species are presented, as well as its evaluated conservation status and color illustrations. Taking into consideration our new data, the genus in Vietnam currently includes 45 species.

Impact and implications of hydrothermal fluids migration in the Frolov hydrocarbon province in West Siberia

Both the prolific source rocks of the Bazhenov Formation and the reservoir-prone units of the Abalak Formation cover most of the West Siberian region. Hydrothermal fluids circulation has been suggested to affect hydrocarbon potential and reservoir properties at some localities of this vast hydrocarbon province. However, integrated studies are currently lacking. Here we present an extensive multidisciplinary study combining regional studies with core logging properties and sample analyses (i.e. geochemistry, petrography, organic geochemistry) to reveal processes related to the hydrothermal activity that affected both formations. We also focus on the factors and implications for secondary unconventional reservoir formation within the deposits from the Kamennaya summit of the Frolov oil and gas region. Three boreholes corresponding to type sections located in different parts of the study area (elevated, transitional and deep) were investigated. The elevated and transitional parts of the basin are adjacent to the weakened contact zones of a granite massif. These tectonic discontinuities acted as conductors for hydrothermal fluids circulation on the area. Lithological and stable isotope studies revealed the presence of intensive hydrothermal secondary alterations in various types in rocks, including massive metasomatic carbonatization, sulfatization, sulfide mineralization and leaching processes. This hydrothermal fluid activity resulted in reservoir formation within siliceous radiolarite layers, while in the deep part of the basin potential reservoirs were completely healed. Organic matter maturity varies in different parts of the basin. We identify several mechanisms related to the various hydrothermal processes that influenced rocks composition, structure and organic matter maturity: (1) A weakened zone located on the periphery of the granite massif in the basin basement is characterized by extensive fault damage zones facilitating the migration of high temperature fluids along deposits during post-sedimentation stages; (2) The thickness, mineral composition of the rocks overlying the basement control fault attenuation and fluid workflow; (3) The fluids composition, their acidity/alkalinity, prompted various changes in rock structure, especially in secondary porosity formation. The identification of various hydrothermal processes and their influence on pore space allowed to determine the approach for the spatial distribution prediction of unconventional reservoirs in the studied formations, and subsequently improve the efficiency and effectivity of the exploration process not only at the Kamennaya summit, but also on the other similar West Siberian basin areas.

Stratigraphy and depositional history of the Aguja Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Campanian) of West Texas, southwestern USA

Abstract Although the Aguja Formation (West Texas, southwestern USA) and its fossil vertebrate fauna have been known for over a century, its basic stratigraphic requisites (type area and type section) have not been formally documented. The formation is herein subdivided into a series of formal members, and a lectostratotype section is proposed. Lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic subdivisions are documented and integrated with geochronologic data to provide an age model for the formation. Four terrestrial vertebrate biozones are proposed. There are at least four major depositional intervals represented in the Aguja and intertonguing Pen Formations. An initial progradational deltaic succession is recorded by the La Basa Sandstone and lower part of the Abajo Shale Members of the Aguja Formation. A second phase of deposition resulted in a retrogradational shoreface succession that includes the upper part of the Abajo Shale, overlying Rattlesnake Mountain Sandstone Member, and lower part of the McKinney Springs Tongue of the Pen Formation, up to a skeletal phosphate bed interpreted to represent the maximum flooding surface. The third phase of deposition comprises a progradational deltaic succession that includes the upper part of the McKinney Springs Tongue, Terlingua Creek Sandstone Member of the Aguja Formation, and lower part of the Alto Shale Member of the Aguja Formation. This third succession records eastward migration of the strandline and withdrawal of the Western Interior Seaway from the Big Bend region. The fourth phase of deposition comprises a series of aggradational fluvial channel and floodplain successions that form the upper part of the Alto Shale Member and is coincident with redirection of stream flow to the southeast. This interval is much thicker in the central part of the Big Bend region, thins to the southwest and northeast, and likely records initial subsidence in the Laramide Tornillo Basin. The upper part of this succession was also contemporaneous with a series of basaltic pyroclastic eruptions, the westernmost expression of the Balcones igneous province. A dramatic constriction in the southern entrance to the Western Interior Seaway through the Gulf of Mexico occurred during this final phase in deposition of the Aguja Formation and corresponds to a shift of stream flow southeastward and to an outbreak of local pyroclastic eruptions. Regional uplift associated with this episode of magmatism is likely responsible for closing the southern aperture of the Western Interior Seaway.

An epidemiological qualitative/quantitative SWOT-AHP analysis in order to highlight the positive or critical aspects of dental implants: A pilot study.

In recent years, dental implants are increasing in popularity due to their high success rate, demonstrated functionality, and aesthetic treatment results. Scientific research is very active in proposing improvements in the quality and survival of implants, taking into consideration various aspects. The objective of this study was to provide a holistic epidemiologic view of the state of dental implants, using a systematic approach based on a multimethod SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis and AHP (analytical hierarchical process) qualitative-quantitative analysis to identify the characteristics that can determine their success or failure. The study used the hybrid method of SWOT-AHP. Analysis of the results showed that among strengths, the skill of the dentist was considered the most important factor, followed by the success of dental implants in the old people; among weaknesses, bruxism and chronic diseases were highlighted; for opportunities, biomechanical behavior, in terms of good mechanical strength and good tribological resistance to chemical and physical agents in the oral cavity, were considered the most important factors; finally, among threats, medical liability and biomechanical problems had equal weight. This study applied a multimethod SWOT-AHP approach to bring out favorable or critical evidence on the topic of dental implants. In accordance with the result of the strategic vector identified in the Twisting zone Adjustment type section, showed that implant surgery is a widespread technique but always needs improvement to increase the likelihood of success and reduce the complications that can lead to implant failure.

Biostratigraphy and determination of the base of the Santonian stage in the east of the Kopeh-Dagh Basin based on planktonic foraminifera, NE Iran

The Abderaz Formation has been studied in five stratigraphical sections (Qarehso, Abderaz village, Muzduran pass (type section of the formation), Padeha village, and Shorab) in the east of the Kopeh-Dagh Basin. Twenty-four species of planktonic foraminifera belonging to eleven genera were identified. The vertical distribution of these species helped to recognize five biozones within the Abderaz Formation as follows: 1) Whiteinella archaeocretacea Partial Range Zone, 2) Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica Total Range Zone, 3) Marginotruncana schneegansi Partial Range Zone, 4) Dicarinella concavata Interval Zone, 5) Dicarinella asymetrica Total Range Zone. Based on these data, the Abderaz Formation ranges from the latest Cenomanian to late Santonian. The base of the Santonian stage was placed close to the onset of the Dicarinella asymetrica Total Range Zone at the studied sections. It was precisely traced at the FO of Globotruncana linneiana (pillbox-like).

OP04 The Efficacy Of Segmentectomy And Lobectomy For Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

IntroductionThe latest clinical practice guidelines for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) published by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network in 2022 recommend that patients with NSCLC (&gt;1 and ≤2 cm) should be diagnosed as T1b. Segmentectomy and lobectomy are equally effective in treating patients with NSCLC no bigger than 2 cm, and especially for tumors no bigger than 1 cm. However, the effectiveness of these treatments for NSCLC tumors between 1 and 2 cm is unknown. We conducted a systemic review and meta- analysis to assess the efficacy of these two surgical treatments in patients with T1b stage NSCLC.MethodsWe searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies investigating the efficacy of lobectomy and segmentectomy for patients with T1b stage NSCLC. Study quality was assessed with the Cochrane Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. We used random effects models to analyze overall survival (OS) and lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS), expressed as hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The effect of covariates was assessed using subgroup analysis. All procedures were performed according to the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsWe identified ten cohort studies that matched our selection criteria, with general low risk of quality, including a total of 37,691 patients. No publication bias was found. Compared to lobectomy, segmentectomy had lower OS (HR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.47; p=0.026) and LCSS (HR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.42, p=0.015) before Cox regression. After multivariable Cox regression, adjusted by age, sex, histological type, and lymph node section, segmentectomy had similar OS (HR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.37; p=0.2) and LCSS (HR 1.10, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.36; p=0.8).ConclusionsSegmentectomy can be used to treat patients with T1b stage NSCLC. Patients who undergo segmentectomy have survival outcomes that are the same as those of patients who received lobectomy. This evidence-based observation provides a reference for surgical choice in the treatment of patients with T1b stage NSCLC, which should be further confirmed through RCTs.

Conodonts from Moscovian–Kasimovian Boundary Interval in the Type and Reference Sections, Moscow Basin, Russia

Conodonts from Moscovian–Kasimovian Boundary Interval in the Type and Reference Sections, Moscow Basin, Russia

Introduction to the Khalij Limestone Member Type Section in the Gadvan Formation of Iran: A Comprehensive Analysis Utilizing 38 Exploration and Development Wells and 1 Surface Section of Gadvan

The Khalij limestone member, well-known for its abundant benthic facies, is situated in the middle segment of the Gadvan shaly formation, boasting an average thickness of approximately 14 meters. This specific member is exclusively found below the surface, devoid of any exposed outcrops, and is characterized by the presence of easily identifiable orbitolinid limestone. Well logging techniques, such as Gamma Ray and Density measurements, prove particularly effective in identifying this distinct layer. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the lithostratigraphy and microstratigraphy within the Gadvan formation, with a specific emphasis on the Khalij limestone member. A regional stratigraphic assessment covered an extensive area of about 100,000 square kilometers in the Fars and Dezful regions within the Zagros region. To achieve this, data from 38 exploration and development wells were utilized, and approximately 1,400 microscopic thin sections from the Gadvan formation were meticulously examined. The paramount contribution of this research lies in the establishment of a representative type section for the Khalij limestone member, characterized by a thickness of 13 meters. Detailed microscopic analysis has revealed that this member predominantly comprises wackestone carbonate, featuring microfossils, particularly foraminifera from the orbitolindae family. Based on the observed species index, it has been determined to be of Barremian age and linked to a lagoon-like depositional environment.