Type Quarks Research Articles

The Discussion on Solving the Coupling Equations with Color Van Der Waals Force in the Quark Potential Model

The second order homogeneous ordinary differential equations were derived by introducing the Gaussian type quark confinement potential in order to study color-analog Van der Waals force in N-N interaction. In this paper, it is proved theoretically that the existence and uniqueness of non-zero solution of problem of boundary value in this kind of equations and the non-zero solution are calculated by numerical method (Gill method).

Counting neutrinos and families in the standard electroweak model

Let n ν be the number if neutrinos much lighter than their charged lepton partners. In the standard electroweak model, using low-energy particle physics data, we prove that n ν <137. If moreover the up-type and down type quarks are also highly nondegenerate in mass n ν <47. The limits are much tighter for nondegenerate leptonic mass spectra. If the ratio of the lepton masses in two consecutive families is about 10 then there are at most two neutrinos beyond the known ν e, ν μ and ν τ . The same result is obtained for a mass spectrum à la Froggat and Nielsen.

Broken Quantum Chromodynamics and Photon-Photon Collisions

A model is proposed in which the quantum chromodynamics is broken spontaneously. The electric charges of the up (down) type quarks are 1/3, 2/3, 1(−2/3, −1/3, 0) for the color 3* states, and those of the SU(3)c gauge fields are 0, ±1/3, ±2/3 in units of e. The data on the photon-photon collisions are found to be in good agreement with our prediction.

Renormalization of QQ Annihilation Vertex in Dirac Hydrogen Type Quarkonium

R is shown. We also obtain the decay constant of the Dirac hydrogen type quark onium. The renorrnalized vertex is shown to satisfy the asymptotic freedom. It is left an open question to determine the renormalized weak coupling constant in our model. ) and others3) the Dirac equation in order to take into account the relativistic effects. The wave functions of these 'relativistic' equation with the Coulomb type interaction diverge at the origin. We should therefore renor­ malize the QQ annihilation vertex in order to obtain the leptonic decay width of the quark onium. Since the behaviors near the origin of the relativistic wave functions are quite different from the nonrelativistic model, we face the following problem: Can the decay width calculated by using 1Jf (0) of the nonrelativistic wave function be an approximation to the decay width calculated by using the relativistic wave function and the renormalization procedure? We want to clarify such a problem by using a simple model. *) If the heavy mass limit is taken as to the A quark in the atomlike quark onium composed of the heavy A quark and the light anti-B quark, the anti-B quark is described by the Dirac equation in the external potential. The potential is regarded as a sum of the Coulomb type potential and the linear confining one. But we are interested in the behavior near the origi~ of the wave function to which the linear confining potential is less effective. Consequently, we neglect the linear potential and investigate the Dirac hydrogen type QQ system. For such a system, we can analytically obtain the weak QQ vertex with corrections *) The renormalization effects of the QQ annihilation vertex based on the Salpeter equation has

Dimuon production by neutrinos: Test of weak-current models

We compare predictions of weak-current models for ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ production initiated by $\ensuremath{\nu}$ and $\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ with experimental $x$, $y$, $p$, and $v$ distributions of the muon associated with the incident neutrino. These distributions indicate that $\ensuremath{\nu}N$ dimuon production occurs dominantly off valence quarks, with a $y$ dependence that is somewhat suggestive of ${(1\ensuremath{-}y)}^{2}$, while $\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}N$ production occurs from sea quarks. Nevertheless, the original charm model provides a viable explanation within the uncertainties of present data. An improved description of the $\ensuremath{\nu}N$ dimuon distributions is obtained with a $V+A$ charm-changing current. The dimuon data do not exhibit the characteristics expected from the production of the $b$-type quark of vectorlike theories. A vector-meson-dominance interpretation does not predict satisfactory $x$ dependences.

Fourth triplet quarks for ψ

A phenomenological model is presented on the basis of experimental data on the ψ particles. A fourth triplet of quarks with no color are added to the Han-Nambu type quarks to form three 1 −states coupled to the one photon state.

Octet behaviour of single-particle matrix elements 〈B′| Hw|B〉 and 〈M′| Hw|M〉 using a weak current-current quark Hamiltonian

The SU(3) transformation behaviour of single-particle matrix elements 〈B′| Hw(0)|B〉 and 〈M′| Hw(0)|M〉 is investigated under the assumption that the transitions are induced by a weak current-current type quark Hamiltonian. The baryons B and mesons M are taken to be members of the 56 and 35 multiplets, respectively. For Fermi quarks the baryon matrix elements vanish identically and the meson matrix elements transform as octets. For para quarks and in the three-triplet model the baryon matrix elements transform as octets, whereas the meson matrix elements have a strong 27 component. A slightly modified Hamiltonian is introduced which induces octet transitions for both mesons and baryons.