Types Of Units Research Articles

Adaptive Processing Enabled by Sodium Alginate Based Complementary Memristor for Neuromorphic Sensory System.

Adaptive processing allows sensory systems to autonomically adjust their sensitivity with exposure to a constant sensory stimulus and thus organisms to adapt to environmental variations. Bioinspiredelectronics with adaptive functions are highly desirable for the development of neuromorphic sensory systems (NSSs). Herein, the functions of desensitization and sensitivity changing with background intensity (i.e., Weber's law), as two fundamental cues of sensory adaptation, are biorealistically demonstrated in an Ag nanowire (NW)-embedded sodium alginate (SA) based complementary memristor. In particular, Weber's law is experimentally emulated in a single complementary memristor. Furthermore, three types of adaptive NSS unit are constructed to realize a multiple perceptual capability that processes the stimuli of illuminance, temperature, and pressure signals. Taking neuromorphic vision as an example, scotopic and photopic adaptation functions are well reproduced for image enhancement against dark and bright backgrounds. Importantly, an NSS system with multisensory integration function is demonstrated by combining light and pressure spikes, where the accuracy of pattern recognition is obviously enhanced relative to that of an individual sense. This work offers a new strategy for developing neuromorphic electronics with adaptive functions and paves the way toward developing a highly efficient NSS.

Delirium in the United States: Results From the 2023 Cross-Sectional World Delirium Awareness Day Prevalence Study

Delirium is an acute brain dysfunction associated with an increased risk of mortality and future dementia. To describe the prevalence of clinically documented delirium in the United States on World Delirium Awareness Day2023. This is a sub-analysis of a prospective, cross-sectional, online, international survey. All health care settings were eligible, with the exception of operating rooms and outpatient clinics. Health care clinicians, administrators, and researchers completed the survey. The primary outcome was the prevalence of clinically documented delirium at 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on March 15, 2023. Secondary outcomes were related to health care delivery. Descriptive statistics are reported. Differences between unit types (non-intensive care unit vs intensive care unit) were examined for all outcomes. Ninety-one hospital units reported on 1318/1213 patients. The prevalence of clinically documented delirium was 16.4% (n= 216/1318) at 8:00 a.m. and 17.9% (n= 217/1213) at 8:00 p.m. (P=0.316) and significantly differed between age groups, reported discipline, unit, and hospital types. Significant differences were identified between non-intensive care unit and intensive care unit settings in the use of delirium-related protocols, nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic management, educational processes, and barriers to evidence-based delirium care. To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiologic survey of clinically documented delirium across two time points in the United States. Delirium remains a significant burden and challenge for health care systems. The high percentage of units using delirium management protocols suggests administrator and clinician awareness of evidence-based strategies for its detection and mitigation. We provide recommendations for future studies and quality improvement projects to improve clinical recognition and management of delirium.

Outcomes of patients with heart failure followed in units accredited by the SEC-Excelente-IC quality program according to the type of unit

Introduction and objectivesThe development of specific heart failure (HF) units has improved the management of patients with this disease due to improved organization and resource management. The Spanish Society of Cardiology (SEC) has defined 3 types of HF units (community, specialized, and advanced) based on their complexity and service portfolio. Our aim was to compare the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of patients with HF according to the type of unit. MethodsWe analyzed data from the SEC-Excelente-IC quality accreditation program registry, with 1716 patients consecutively included in two 1-month cutoffs (March and October) from 2019 to 2021 by 45 SEC-accredited HF units. We compared the characteristics, treatment and 1-year outcomes between the 3 types of units. ResultsOf the 1716 patients, 13.2% were treated in community units, 65.9% in specialized units, and 20.9% in advanced units. The rates of mortality (27.5 vs 15.5/100 patients-year; P<.001), admissions for HF (39.7 vs 29.2/100 patients-year; P=.019), total decompensations (56.1 vs 40.5/100 patients-year; P=.003), and combined death/admission for HF (45.2 vs 31.4/100 patients-year; P=.005) were higher in community units than in specialized/advanced units. Follow-up in a community unit was an independent predictor of higher mortality and admissions at 1 year. ConclusionsCompared with follow-up by more specialized units, follow-up in a community unit was associated with a higher decompensation rate and increased 1-year mortality.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE OF THE UNITS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL EXPRESSIONS OF THE FRENCH LANGUAGE

In this article, the lexical-grammatical types of adverbial phraseological units, the relation of the adjectival phraseological category with adjectives, the adverbial (adverbial) phraseological category meaning is connected with adverbs, and the cases where verb phrases are connected with verbs according to the meaning of the category.

Multi‐Team Shared Expectations Tool (MT‐SET): An Exercise to Improve Teamwork Across Health Care Teams

Care transitions among high-intensity units caring for patients with complex needs are a critical yet undeveloped area of patient safety research. In addition, effective communication and coordination across disciplines remain elusive. This study introduces and tests the Multi-Team Shared Expectations Tool (MT-SET), an exercise that aims to engage health care teams in eliciting needs and establishing agreed-upon expectations teams and individuals within a multi-team system have of one another. We piloted the exercise within hospital-based workflows for oncology inpatients and later adopted it to elicit data on mutual needs and expectations of teams across units involved in patient transitions in two patient safety projects. Our studies demonstrated that the exercise identified common cross-unit coordination problems of delays in care, unwanted variations in care, and lack of standardized communication among units. It also revealed mismatched prioritization of each of these problems between specific unit types. The participants reported that the MT-SET helped establish positive relationships for building better cross-unit and cross-disciplinary teamwork and coordination. There is a need for systematic approaches to understand and facilitate cross-unit communication and coordination in care delivery and transitions. Future studies should broaden the application of the exercise to additional types of multi-unit and multidisciplinary teams and observe intervention ideas generated from the exercise, as well as their implementation.

Study on displacement units for water flooded low-permeability oil reservoirs

Understanding the reservoir feature changes is essential for optimizing oil exploitation throughout the development lifecycle. This paper proposed an analytical displacement unit method to character the features of water-flooded, low-permeability oil reservoirs. The method hinges the ratio of fluid flux to area and average water saturation, providing a fine description of reservoir dynamics. It has been implemented in a case study of a five-spot waterflooding scheme. The reservoir can be categorized into sixteen distinct unit types, each with specific attributes. This paper delves into the evolution of these displacement units and the key factors that influence their behavior. The findings provide insights into the degree of waterflooding and oil distribution following continuous waterflooding. Furthermore, the proposed method offers a valuable framework for analyzing the development of dominant water flow channels and exploiting the residual oil.

Participles as a functional-speech unit of Russian language: stylistic aspect (based on the material of lyrical and prose works by M.Yu. Lermontov)

INTRODUCTION. The work is devoted to the study of participles use in M.Yu. Lermontov’s works. The relevance and scientific novelty lies in the study of the participle in the functionalspeech aspect. The aim is to analyze different literary genres of one author within the framework of a systematic description of the functional plan of participles and the formation of a generalizing theory of functional participle studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study aims to analyze the artistic (poetic and prose) contexts in which different types of participles are used. It focuses on the functional and syntactic features of participles based on the novel “The Hero of Our Time” and the poem “Sad Demon, Spirit of Exile”. Using the selective sampling method, contexts containing participles were extracted from the Russian National Corpus. The analysis of these contexts was conducted using observation, description, and analysis methods.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The classification of participles functioning in M.Yu. Lermontov’s literary texts of different genres, which has three bases, is presented: 1) by type of units: participles-phraseological units, participles-metaphors; 2) by type of functions: predicative (with a verbal bundle, with a verbal bundle in inversion order), attributive participles; 3) by semantic nature: non-objectified, adjectivated, substantive participles. CONCLUSION. The study of M.Yu. Lermontov’s usage of different types of participles in his novel and poem aids in determining the origins of features that have since become traditional in Russian poetry and prose across various genres. This study aims to conduct a purposeful comparative analysis of functional variations within different styles, genres, and artistic trends.

A Review of Modifiable Health Care Factors Contributing to Inpatient Suicide: An Analysis of Coroners’ Reports Using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System for Healthcare

Inpatient suicides have devastating and long-lasting consequences for patients, families, and health care organizations, posing a major challenge for hospitals. Although many studies have identified patient risk factors for inpatient suicide, the modifiable health care factors are less understood. Failure to understand these modifiable factors weakens organizations' ability to design and implement effective prevention strategies. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System for Healthcare (HFACS-Healthcare) was used to classify and analyze modifiable health care factors that contributed directly or indirectly to inpatient suicides in Australian hospitals between 2009 and 2018. Comparisons were made between general and psychiatric hospital units to identify context-specific recommendations. Of the 367 cases, 216 (58.9%) had enough information to analyze the contributing factors, and 214 (58.3%) included unit location information. Multiple modifiable health care factors were identified in the cases as contributing to the patients' suicides. Commonly, cases reported decision errors made by individuals (57.4%), problems with the physical environment (56.0%), and unit-level operational decision-making errors (that is, planned inappropriate operations) (48.6%). An association was found between unit type and problems with coordination, mental state, tasks, physical environment, planned inappropriate operations, and organizational culture (p < 0.05). General prevention initiatives may not be effective in addressing inpatient suicides across specialty units. HFACS-Healthcare enabled a deeper understanding of inpatient suicide and the identification of priority areas that, if addressed, could help reduce the number of preventable suicides in hospitals. Hospital suicide prevention initiatives need to be tailored to specific units and target individual and system vulnerabilities to improve safety and reduce inpatient suicide rates.

Geospatial Distribution of Prenatally and Postnatally Diagnosed Congenital Heart Disease: Implications for Equitable Care from a Fetal Heart Society Research Collaborative Study

To characterize patterns in the geospatial distribution of pre- and postnatally diagnosed congenital heart disease (CHD) across 6 surgical centers. A retrospective, multicenter case series from the Fetal Heart Society identified patients at 6 centers from 2012 through 2016 with prenatally (PrND) or postnatally (PoND) diagnosed hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) or d-transposition of the great arteries (TGA). Geospatial analysis for clustering was done by the average nearest neighbor (ANN) tool or optimized hot spot tool, depending on spatial unit and data type. Both point location and county case rate per 10 000 live births were assessed for geographic clustering or dispersion. Of the 453 CHD cases, 26% were PoND (n=117), and 74% were PrND (n=336). PrND cases, in all but one center, displayed significant geographic clustering by the ANN. Conversely, PoND cases tended toward geographic dispersion. Dispersion of PoND HLHS occurred in 2 centers (ANN=1.59, P<.001; and 1.47, P=.016), and PoND TGA occurred in 2 centers (ANN=1.22, P<.05; and ANN=1.73, P<.001). Hot spot analysis of all CHD cases (TGA and HLHS combined) revealed clustering near areas of high population density and the tertiary surgical center. Hot spot analysis of county-level case rate, accounting for population density, found variable clustering patterns. Geographic dispersion among postnatally detected CHD highlights the need for a wider reach of prenatal cardiac diagnosis tailored to the specific needs of a community. Geospatial analysis can support centers in improving the equitable delivery of prenatal care.

PROGRAMMATIC SOLUTIONS FOR BUSINESSES THAT HAVE MULTIPLE ACCOUNTS

Since ancient times, people have used various types of monetary units to perform various trade transactions.A large amount of money is stored in certain computer systems. Accounting for such units is no less important thanaccounting for physical money, and because of this, banks are developing client applications. However, almost all clientbanks have one significant drawback for business users, namely the lack of a centralized place to track information onall their accounts in different banks. To make sure that a large number of people need to view accounts in different banks,it is enough to look at the statistics of the NBU (National Bank of Ukraine) and UkrStat (State Statistics Service). It is notuncommon for entrepreneurs to open not only several accounts, but also in different banks. Which makes it difficult tokeep records without some kind of system where you can see all transactions in one place. This work is devoted to thedevelopment of a software solution for a business that has several accounts. Also, this development can be used byindividuals who have several accounts in different banks. This work covers some of the practical challenges that abusiness may face and offers one of the solutions to them by creating a desktop application that allows you to monitormultiple bank accounts in one place, providing vital data such as transaction history and recent balances, allowing youto add personal notes

Landscape classification with self-organizing map using user participation and environmental data: the case of the Seoul Metropolitan Area

This study aimed to develop a method for assessing landscapes using environmental data and user-generated data, which are commonly employed in landscape research. It focused on the Seoul metropolitan area in South Korea, devising evaluation indicators for five key concepts: naturalness, diversity, imageability, historicity, and disturbance. These indicators were used to assess the landscapes based on each index. We employed a self-organizing map, an artificial neural network technique, to categorize the landscape units and developed eight evaluation indicators for the five key concepts, organizing the study area’s landscapes into six distinct landscape units. This study identified landscape unit types with increased vulnerability to visual blight or heightened public awareness by considering both user characteristics and environmental attributes in the metropolitan area landscapes. Finally, we discussed future tasks for appropriate landscape management based on each landscape area’s characteristics to maintain and enhance landscape quality.

Management of Pediatric Lower Extremity Vascular Trauma: Adult vs Pediatric Level I Trauma Centers [RETRACTED

Pediatric lower extremity vascular injury (PLEVI) is uncommon. Though epidemiologic studies exist, the availability of granular data is sparse. Additionally, few studies compare the management between adult (ATC) and pediatric (PTC) trauma centers. The objective of this study was to analyze the surgical management of PLEVIs between a Level I ATC and a Level 1 PTCs in our metropolitan area. We performed a retrospective review of all PLEVIs (age < 18 years) managed surgically between 01/2009-12/2022. Demographics, clinical and outcome data were obtained and compared between centers. Primary outcomes included amputation and fasciotomy rates. Secondary outcomes included type of vessel repair, mortality, and intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay. Seventy-nine patients were identified, 41 at the ATC and 38 at the PTC totaling 111 vessels injured. Overall, 84.8% were male. ATC patients were older (median 16.0 vs 12.5) and almost exclusively (97.6% vs 29.0%) gunshot wounds. There was no difference in ISS. The popliteal artery was the most injured vessel, ATC (50%) and PTC (40%). Vascular surgeons managed 50% of injuries at ATC vs 60.5% of injuries at the PTC (p = 0.35). Rates of arterial or venous repair, ligation, or grafting were not significantly different. Amputations were uncommon at both centers and not significantly different. Seventeen patients (44.7%) required fasciotomies at the PTC vs 21 (51.2%) at the ATC (p = 0.56). There was no significant difference in mortality, ICU, or hospital length of stay. PLEVI have acceptable outcomes (low amputation and/or fasciotomy rates, low mortality) and are managed uniformly between ATCs and PTCs. This data adds important context to the management of PLEVI. Retrospective Chart Review, Level IV.

Distributed prosumer trading in the electricity and carbon markets considering user utility

With the promotion of distributed energy trading and the transformation of power system operation mode, prosumers in the carbon and electricity markets face new opportunities and challenges. This paper proposes a peer-to-peer transaction platform to promote renewable energy consumption and carbon emission reduction, including multiple types of loads, coal-fired units, and microgrid prosumers. The carbon-emitting members of power generation and demand sides in the electricity market are introduced into the carbon market, and their carbon cost model is established. To guide consumption behavior of demand side, the user utility model based on electricity consumption is built to reduce carbon emissions. With the goal of optimizing the generation cost, user utility, and network fees, the distributed optimal scheduling model is established to recover the network fees. Finally, the alternating direction method of multipliers is used to solve this problem and protect transaction privacy. The results indicate that introducing carbon trading at the power generation and demand sides can promote the shift of members' production behavior from high-carbon emission industries to low-carbon ones. Additionally, an appropriate network fee mechanism and unit fee can guide market members to adjust their trading behavior adaptively and help the power grid recover costs.

Lowering the Acquisition of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) With Pulsed-xenon (LAMP) Study: A Cluster-Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blinded, Interventional Crossover Trial.

Environmental disinfection is essential for reducing spread of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Previous studies report conflicting results regarding the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light in reducing infections. This trial evaluated the impact of adding pulsed-xenon UV (PX-UV) to standard terminal cleaning in reducing environmentally implicated HAIs (eiHAIs). The Lowering the Acquisition of MDROs with Pulsed-xenon (LAMP) trial was conducted in 2 hospitals (15 inpatient wards) utilizing a cluster-randomized, controlled, double-blinded, interventional crossover trial comparing standard terminal cleaning followed by either PX-UV (intervention arm) or sham (control arm) disinfection. The primary outcome was incidence of eiHAIs from clinical microbiology tests on the fourth day of stay or later or within 3 days after discharge from the study unit. EiHAIs included clinical cultures positive for vancomycin-resistant enterococci, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumonia, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii, and stool polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive for Clostridiodes difficile. Between 18 May 2017 and 7 January 2020, 25 732 patients were included, with an incidence of 601 eiHAIs and 180 954 patient-days. There was no difference in the rate of eiHAIs in the intervention and sham arms (3.49 vs 3.17 infections/1000 patient-days, respectively; RR, 1.10; 95% CI, .94-1.29; P = .23). Study results were similar when stratified by eiHAI type, hospital, and unit type. The LAMP study failed to demonstrate an effect of the addition of UV light disinfection following terminal cleaning on reductions in rates of eiHAIs. Further investigations targeting hospital environmental surfaces and the role of no-touch technology to reduce HAIs are needed. Clinical Trials Registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03349268; R01HS024709.

Assessing public health service capability of primary healthcare personnel: a large-scale survey in Henan Province, China

BackgroundThe public health service capability of primary healthcare personnel directly affects the utilization and delivery of health services, and is influenced by various factors. This study aimed to examine the status, factors, and urban-rural differences of public health service capability among primary healthcare personnel, and provided suggestions for improvement.MethodsWe used cluster sampling to survey 11,925 primary healthcare personnel in 18 regions of Henan Province from 20th to March 31, 2023. Data encompassing demographics and public health service capabilities, including health lifestyle guidance, chronic disease management, health management of special populations, and vaccination services. Multivariable regression analysis was employed to investigate influencing factors. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) quantified urban-rural differences.ResultsThe total score of public health service capability was 80.17 points. Chronic disease management capability scored the lowest, only 19.60. Gender, education level, average monthly salary, professional title, health status, employment form, work unit type, category of practicing (assistant) physician significantly influenced the public health service capability (all P < 0.05). PSM analysis revealed rural primary healthcare personnel had higher public health service capability scores than urban ones.ConclusionsThe public health service capability of primary healthcare personnel in Henan Province was relatively high, but chronic disease management required improvement. Additionally, implementing effective training methods for different subgroups, and improving the service capability of primary medical and health institutions were positive measures.

Adding injury to insult: Unfair treatment at work and occupational injury among hospital patient-care workers.

Hospital patient-care workers have high occupational injury rates. While physical hazards within hospital work environments are established determinants of injury, social exposures may also contribute. This study examined how reports of unfair treatment at work, a dimension of work-related experiences of discrimination, were associated with injury among hospital-based patient-care workers. We used data from the Boston Hospital Workers Health Study, a longitudinal cohort of nurses and nursing assistants at two Boston-area hospitals. In 2018, we conducted a worker survey asking about three types of unfair treatment at work and occupational injuries during the past year. We used mixed-effects logistic regression models to evaluate associations between specific types, total load, and high-frequency exposure of unfair treatment with injury, adjusting for age, gender, race and ethnicity, job title, and unit type. Among 1001 respondents, 21% reported being humiliated in front of others at work, 28% reported being watched more closely than other workers, and 47% reported having to work twice as hard as others for the same treatment. For each type of unfair treatment, we observed a monotonic relationship with occupational injury wherein increasing frequency of exposure was associated with increased odds of injury. We also observed monotonic relationships between total load and high-frequency exposure to unfair treatment and odds of injury. Work-related unfair treatment is associated with injury among hospital workers. Programs and policies that focus on preventing unfair treatment may lessen injury burden in hospital workers.

Cefiderocol in Difficult-to-Treat Nf-GNB in ICU Settings

BackgroundThe efficacy and safety of cefiderocol in ICU patients with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (Nf-GNB) are not as well-established. Consequently, we conducted a cohort study to compare Cefiderocol with the Best Available Therapy (BAT) in ICU patients.MethodsWe included adult patients from 9 different ICUs, including a burn ICU unit, from 2019 to 2023 treated with Cefiderocol for DTR Nf-GNB isolated from the blood or lungs. We matched each patient at a 1:2 ratio based on the same DTR Nf-GBN isolated pathogen, and when possible, within the same type of ICU (burn unit or not). The primary endpoint of the study was the clinical cure at 15 days, with secondary endpoints including clinical cure at 30 days, relapse, and in-ICU mortality. For each outcome, adjusted odds ratios were estimated using bidirectional stepwise regression in a final model, which included 13 preselected confounders.ResultsWe included 27 patients with cefiderocol, matched with 54 patients receiving the BAT. Four patients were not exactly matched on the type of ICU unit. Characteristics were comparable between groups, mostly male with a Charlson Comorbidity Index of 3 [1–5], and 28% had immunosuppression. Cefiderocol patients were most likely to have higher number of antibiotic lines. The main DTR Nf-GNB identified was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (81.5%), followed by Acinetobater baumanii (14.8%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (3.7%). Pneumonia was the identified infection in 21 (78.8%) patients in the Cefiderocol group and in 51 (94.4%) patients in the BAT group (p = 0.054). Clinical cure at 15 and 30-day and the in-ICU mortality was comparable between groups, however relapse was higher in the cefiderocol group (8-29.6% vs. 4-7.4%;aOR 10.06[1.96;51.53])ConclusionCefiderocol did not show an improvement in clinical cure or mortality rates compared to BAT in the treatment of DTR Nf-GNB, but it was associated with a higher relapse rate.

Brilliant thermochromic photonic liquid dominated by electrostatic repulsion

It is challenging for traditional methods to generate liquid photonic crystals (LPCs) with brilliant colors and clear self-assembly mechanisms, owing to the major limitations in solvent choice and undesired components. Here, novel LPCs with widely tunable solvents and desired components have been successfully fabricated by non-close-assembling silica particles from silica/ethanol solution into target solvents through alternative centrifugation and sonication. The as-fabricated LPCs exhibit 1) brilliant structural colors from high reflectance (maximal: 91 %) by using solvents with low refractive indexes, much higher than those (20–40 %) of traditional LPCs; 2) tunable color saturation with high precision, difficult for conventional LPCs; and 3) a clearer working mechanism: electrostatic repulsion rather than other interactions majorly dominating the non-close-packing of silica particles in solvents. Additionally, a new type of sensitive thermochromic display unit with thermo-switchable on-off structural colors has been prepared by constructing silica/bi-solvents LPCs. This work not only paves a new way for achieving thermal-responsive LPCs but also offers a new perspective for understanding colloidal assembly.

Areas of Endemism and Biogeographic Regionalization of the Iberian Peninsula Based on Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Based on the distribution of 275 species of ants native to the Iberian Peninsula (IP), we identified areas of endemism (AE) within its geographical limits and present a biogeographic regionalization using two complementary methods and two types of operational geographical units. For endemicity analysis (EA), we used a 100 km2 grid cell, and for parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE), we used hydrological basins as natural units. The EA revealed twelve areas of endemism that were grouped into five consensus areas. These are the Northeastern area, South plateau, Guadalquivir Valley, Baetic System, and Iberian Peninsula (whole). PAE resulted in a cladogram that classified hydrological basins into at least two successively nested subsets: an Atlantic group that is more related to northern European fauna and an Iberian subset that is well supported by synapomorphies. The Iberian subset was differentiated into four main areas: (a) a Northeastern area formed by the Pyrenees and the Catalan Coastal Range, (b) a mainland area containing the Central System and Guadiana and Tajo valleys, (c) a Southern area consisting of the Guadalquivir Valley and the Baetic System, and (d) a Northern coastal area. The results showed congruence between the two methods since many of the synapomorphies are shared among the diagnostic and IP endemic species of the EA. Both EA and PAE showed the relevance of the heterogeneous peninsular orography that combines mountainous regions with valleys and plateaus, which have acted as historical barriers or corridors. The presence of numerous endemic species, particularly in the southern third of the IP, suggests that several Iberian refuges for ants originated during glacial periods. These areas constitute priority sites for the conservation of ants in particular and biodiversity in general on the IP and allow further research about the processes that generated these distributional patterns.

Paleo-geomorphic features of pre-Jurassic and its oil-controlling effect in Wuqi–Dingbian area

The Fuxian-Yan10 layers are the main oil-producing reservoirs of Jurassic in Wuqi–Dingbian area of Ordos Basin. However, due to the lack of understanding of the pattern and distribution characteristics of oil reservoirs, the benefits of exploration and development are restricted. In order to provide theoretical guidance for the study of similar geological features, based on the analysis of paleogeomorphic features and evolution, the analysis focuses on the influence of palaeo-geomorphology on oil reservoir distribution, and summarizes the main types of reservoir models in the study area. The results show that there are four types of palaeo-geomorphic units in the Wuding area: palaeo-river, slope, highland and interriver hill. In the study area, the Jurassic paleogeomorphology controls the sedimentary development and distribution from Fuxian Formation to Yan 9 Formation. The compacted structure and lithologic barrier provide good trapping conditions for the paleogeomorphic oil. Moreover, the swampy coal measures and mudstone at the top of Yan 9 play a sealing role for oil accumulation, and the bottom water was obviously driven. In addition, the pre-Jurassic deep valley was the main channels for oil migration. On this basis, it is concluded that there are four reservoir-forming models in Wuding area: slope type, river hill type, ancient river type and highland type.