Type Of Toothbrush Research Articles

A Randomized Clinical Study of the Plaque Removal Efficacy of a Novel Manual Toothbrush With Micro-Pulse Bristles on Fixed Orthodontic Patients.

BackgroundFixed orthodontic appliances on tooth surfaces, such as brackets and bands, complicate oral hygiene and increase plaque accumulation, contributing to gingivitis, periodontitis, and tooth decay. While manual toothbrushes are an essential part of oral hygiene, there is little clinical evidence to demonstrate how effective manual toothbrushes with novel designs are at removing plaque from orthodontic patients. This study aims to evaluate three types of manual toothbrushes (Pulsar, conventional flat trim (C-TB), and orthodontic type (O-TB)) for their efficacy in plaque removal among patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.MethodologyThe study followed the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. It was a three-treatment, three-period, examiner-blinded crossover clinical trial conducted with a single brushing exercise. Twenty-four subjects were randomized to one of three different bristle designs (Pulsar, C-TB, and O-TB). The primary outcome measure was the difference (baseline minus post-brushing) in plaque scores assessed using the Turesky-Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index during each study period.ResultsOf the 27 subjects enrolled in the study, 24 met the inclusion criteria and completed all three periods of the study. The mean age was 19.58 ± 1.55 years, with a range of 18-23 years. The differences between treatments in plaque score reduction after brushing were statistically significant (p-value <0.001). The treatment differences were statistically significant (p-value <0.001), favoring the C-TB toothbrush and the O-TB over the Pulsar design. On the contrary, the difference between the O-TB and C-TB types was not statistically significant.ConclusionsC-TB and O-TB remove significantly more plaque than Pulsar toothbrushes after a single brushing exercise. Nevertheless, the C-TB tested in this study was more effective in removing dental plaque than the O-TB in patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Considering the limitations of this study, additional research is required before evidence-based advice concerning the relative performance of the Pulsar toothbrushes in fixed orthodontic patients can be proven.

Third-party toothbrushing is associated with a positive patient experience: randomized, single-blind, patient-centered analysis

BackgroundAs the need for care increases with higher age, so does the need for assistance with oral hygiene. A recent study analyzed the clinical effectiveness of oral hygiene assistance provided by caregivers. The current secondary analysis of this study aimed to assess pleasant and unpleasant perceptions of patients while being brushed and to investigate whether these perceptions depend on the qualification of the person brushing and the type of toothbrush used (manual vs. powered).MethodsFirst, a qualitative study was conducted. This aimed at developing the questionnaire. Items were extracted on the basis of qualitative interviews with a sample of 6. A delphi process ensured the content validity of the final instrument. The main study comprised 39 periodontitis patients with reduced oral hygiene capability randomized to one of four groups: brushing carried out by trained laypeople or dental professionals, each using a manual or powered toothbrush at three different time points during anti-infective periodontal therapy. Patient perceptions of the third-party toothbrushing were assessed immediately after brushing.ResultsPatients reported mainly positive feelings regarding being brushed by a third person and the interaction with this person during brushing. Neither the professional background of the brushing person nor the type of brush had a significant influence on pleasant and unpleasant perceptions (all F < 3.30, all p > 0.07, all η2 < 0.10).ConclusionsPatient perceptions of third-party toothbrushing are mainly positive regarding wellbeing and interactions with the toothbrushing person, and do not depend on the qualification of the brushing person or the toothbrush used (manual versus powered).Trial registrationhttps://www.germanctr.de, No. DRKS00018779 (04/11/2019).

Clinical evaluation of the cleansing effectiveness various types toothbrushes used by adolescents 12—15 years old

The purpose of the study is to conduct a clinical assessment of the effectiveness of toothbrushes of various types in adolescents aged 12—15 years by dynamic monitoring of the state of hard tissues of teeth, periodontal and hygienic status.&#x0D; Material and Methods: A parallel, randomized, open clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of three different toothbrushes among adolescents aged 12—15 years. The study involved 60 adolescents who were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 people. In each group, adolescents received one type of toothbrush. In group A, adolescents used a manual brush with a multi-level brush field for brushing their teeth, in group B — a manual brush with a flat brush field, in group C — an electric toothbrush making 8800 reciprocating rotational and 20000 pulsating movements per minute. The dental examination included the determination of the KUz, PI (Turesky S., 1970) and PMA (Parma S., 1960) indices. After the examination, the teenagers were taught the standard method of brushing their teeth. Repeated examinations were carried out after 1, 2 and 3 months. To compare the indicators of one group in dynamics, the Wilcoxon test was used, and to identify differences between groups, the Mann-Whitney test was used.&#x0D; Results: The values of the KPUz index did not change in the course of the study in any of the groups. In all groups, there was a significant decrease in PI after 1, 2 and 3 months from the start of the study (Wilcoxon test, p&lt;0.05 compared with baseline). The cleaning effect of the studied samples of toothbrushes for 1 month. was 48.4% in group A, 27.6% in group B and 56.7% in group C -Whitney, p&lt;0.05). Of the manual toothbrushes, a brush with a multi-level brush field turned out to be more effective. Along with a decrease in the index of plaque in all groups, there was a significant decrease in the PMA index (Wilcoxon test, p&lt;0.001 compared with the baseline). The achieved effect was maintained for 2 and 3 months. from the start of the study, with no significant difference between the groups (p&gt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: The highest cleaning effect was observed when adolescents used an electric toothbrush. Of the manual toothbrushes for teenagers, the brush with a multi-level brush field turned out to be more effective.

Clinical and Microbiological Evaluation of Manual Toothbrush, Electric Toothbrush and Nano-b Toothbrush on Plaque Removing Efficacy among Visually Impaired Children: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Introduction: Oral hygiene can be maintained by mechanical and chemical methods. Maintenance of oral hygiene is challenging in visually impaired children due to physical limitations. Aim: To compare plaque removal efficacy using different toothbrushes among visually impaired children. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial conducted on 45 visually impaired children aged between 7-12 years from a blind school in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, after obtaining informed consent. Study was conducted in the month of September 2020 and October 2020 for a period of two months. All potential participants were randomly divided into three groups depending on the type of toothbrush used. A plaque disclosing agent (Alpha Plac) was applied and Turesky Modified Quigley Hein Plaque Index (TQHPI) was recorded for all subjects on 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th day from the baseline. Plaque samples were collected from all the subjects and microbial assessment was done for detection of Colony Forming Units (CFUs), on 30th and 60th day from the baseline. Data was analysed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test followed by Tukey’s posthoc analysis at baseline and post interventional time periods. Friedman’s test followed by Wilcoxon’s Signed Rank post-hoc analysis was used to compare mean CFUs between different time intervals, in each study group. Results: At baseline, no statistically significant difference was noted between the three groups with respect to TQHPI and CFUs. At two months follow-up, nano-b toothbrush group showed significant decrease in mean Plaque Index (PI) score compared to electric toothbrush group (p-value=0.01) and manual toothbrush group (p-value &lt;0.001). Similarly, at two months, mean reduction in CFUs was greater in nano-b toothbrush group followed by electric toothbrush group and manual toothbrush group which was statistically significant (p-value=0.003). Conclusion: Plaque removal efficacy in visually impaired children was superior in nano-b toothbrush group, followed by electric toothbrush group and manual toothbrush group in succession, respectively.

Various latest toothbrush design

Toothbrush has been a vital part of day-to-day routine across many cultures worldwide from the times of the distant past and ancientness to the recent 21st century. Over the years, numerous types of toothbrushes have been devised and designed till now. Some of the toothbrushes proposed the purpose of solving physically and mentally handicapped patients. It has been used in the reduction of dental plaque after various acceptability and tolerance of each device. We probably did not think of inventions along with the latest technology when we think of a toothbrush. Nonetheless, you should do so, despite the fact that the toothbrush has been around since 3500 BC. Electric toothbrushes were first introduced in 1969, and the modern toothbrush as we know it was invented in the late 1800s. Despite the addition of the latest technology, for example, Bluetooth to electric toothbrushes in latest years, supplementary technological advancements in these devices have been slow. Moreover, toothbrushes have not changed all that much in terms of design. Latest ways of thinking are emerging. Technology has progressed to the point where advances that we once only imagined are now becoming a reality. It is perfectly possible for creators who have somewhat that acquires the public's hearts in addition desires to finance their project with amounts of money they could only have imagined. The next 10 years or so appear to have the potential to bring about significant changes. This review examines all of the latest technology as well as innovation affecting toothbrushes.

Comparative evaluation of oral hygiene knowledge and practices among patients visiting a public Dental Institute

BACKGROUND &amp; OBJECTIVE:&#x0D; Knowledge regarding oral hygiene and routine practices of maintaining that hygiene contributes to good oral and overall health of a person. The objective of the study was to evaluate the oral hygiene perception and practices among patients belonging to rural and urban areas visiting a public dental institute.&#x0D; METHODOLOGY:&#x0D; A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the dental outpatient department (OPD) of the Institute of Dentistry Liaquat University Jamshoro Sindh from June-December 2019. All patients who reported the dental OPD during the duration of the study belonging to either gender and age 18-70 years were included in the study. While those who reported in emergency with painful conditions and chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, etc., were excluded. A written questionnaire was used to collect participant’s information including socio-demographic details and information related to oral hygiene perceptions and practices. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 24.0.&#x0D; RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 28.94±9.84 years, with an age range of 19-58 years. There was a statistically significant difference (p&lt;0.05) between female and male participants regarding knowledge and perception of the role of oral cleaning in decay prevention, different methods of preventing dental problems, and the role of remnants of sweet food in damaging teeth. While statistically significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in the type of toothbrush used, brushing technique, and frequency of changing toothbrush was demonstrated between participants belonging to rural and urban regions.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: Knowledge and routine practices regarding oral hygiene are much lower in residents of the rural region compared with the urban region.

EVALUATION OF AN ELECTRONIC PERIODONTAL PROBE VERSUS A MANUAL PROBE IN THE PERIODONTAL DIAGNOSIS OF CHILDREN AGED 12-14 YEARS

Objective: The purpose of the trial is to comparatively analyze an electronic, pressure-calibrated probe third generation Parometer (Orange) and a standard, manual measurement probe WHO 621 (C type) in the context of taking periodontal variables when assessing periodontal status in childhood. Materials and methods: The subject of the study were 28 children aged between 12 and 14 years (12 boys and 16 girls). All patients were clinically examined, and the data were recorded on a specially prepared card. The recorded clinical variables contain: Assessment of oral hygiene habits (type of toothbrush, frequency of brushing); OHI as per Green Vermillion; Registration of dental status; Depth of gingival sulcus (on all teeth) with both types of probes; BOP (bleeding on probing), percentage of bleeding units with both types of probes; Taking into account the complete time needed to take the findings and the sensation of pain experienced by a digital rank scale during probing. Results and conclusion: The average depth of gingival sulcus measured with a mechanical periodontal probe was 1.62 mm, and with an electronic one - 1.38 mm (p &lt;0.05). Values ​​for BOP with both types of probes showed an average of 0.30 ± 0.29, which is 30% of all bleeding units examined (p&gt; 0.05). The time for recording the periodontal indices with both probes is, on average, 10 minutes. In both probes, the discomfort of about grade 4 was observed according to the ranking scale used to read sensitivity (p &lt;0.05). There is a more pronounced sensitivity when using an electronic periodontal probe.

Plaque Removal Efficacy of Triple-Headed Toothbrush in 4-6-Year-Old Children: A Randomized Crossover Study.

ABSTRACTObjectives:The objective of this randomized crossover designed study was to compare the efficacy of plaque removal between a triple-headed toothbrush and a conventional single-headed toothbrush in 4–6-year-old children.Materials and Methods:A total of 73 children, aged 4–6 years, were randomly divided into two groups (triple-headed toothbrush and conventional single-headed toothbrush). The children were instructed on how to use the toothbrush by watching a video clip for each toothbrush type and then brushed their teeth for 2 min. The remained plaque was recorded by Greene and Vermillion plaque index (PI). After a 3-week washout period, the toothbrush type was switched, the children brushed their teeth with the alternate toothbrush, and the PI scores were re-recorded.Results:Plaque scores in the triple-headed toothbrush group were statistically significantly lower than those in the single-headed group in almost all (10 out or 12) surfaces measured (P < 0.05). Plaque scores were not significantly different on the buccal surfaces of the upper posterior teeth.Conclusion:The triple-headed toothbrush showed better efficacy in plaque removal and could potentially be a good alternative to the conventional single-headed toothbrush in young children with limited hand skill.

Improved Oral Health and Adaptation to Treatment in Dogs Using Manual or Ultrasonic Toothbrush or Textile of Nylon or Microfiber for Active Dental Home Care.

Simple SummaryPoor oral health is a common problem in dogs and can cause them pain and impaired welfare. In this study, four different devices used for active dental home care were examined: two toothbrushes, manual and ultrasonic; and two textile products, a nylon glove and a microfiber finger cloth. These pieces of equipment were evaluated for efficacy against gingivitis, plaque, and tartar, using twenty-one beagle dogs. The dogs had their teeth cleaned once a day during five weeks. Each dog received two treatments (toothbrushes or textiles) but on separate sides of the mouth, right and left, respectively. The dogs’ oral health was assessed before and after the five-week period, by a veterinarian not aware of treatment. Each device improved the oral health in the dogs, reducing plaque and gingivitis. Furthermore, the amount of calculus also decreased in some individuals. The study also assessed the dogs’ stress, fear and anxiety levels during treatment using a (fear, anxiety, stress (FAS) protocol. The assessment of the stress levels in the dogs showed that adaptation occurs in the dogs subjected to daily dental care. These results can be used by veterinary staff who want to inspire and encourage dog owners to start brushing their dog’s teeth.Poor oral health is a common problem in dogs causing pain and impaired welfare. The gold standard to maintain good oral health and prevent periodontitis is daily tooth brushing. However, many dog owners find it difficult, and dogs often show aversive behavior. There are several different tools available, and in this intra-subject study, four different active dental home care treatment options were examined: manual and ultrasonic toothbrush, a nylon glove, and a microfiber finger cloth. The treatments were evaluated for efficacy against gingivitis, plaque, and calculus in beagle dogs. Each dog received two treatments on the buccal sides of the teeth once daily, either two types of toothbrushes (N = 10) or two types of textiles (N = 11), on separate sides of the mouth. The dogs’ teeth were assessed before and after the five-week treatment period, with the assessor blinded by additional, similar dogs (N = 7). The study also assessed the dogs’ stress levels during treatment using a fear, anxiety, stress (FAS) protocol. All four treatments improved dog oral health, reducing gingivitis and plaque. Furthermore, the amount of calculus also decreased in some individuals. Adaptation to dental care occurred in the dogs over time. This information can be used to encourage dog owners to brush their dogs’ teeth.

Pre-schoolers\u2019 tooth brushing behaviour and association with their oral health: a cross sectional study

BackgroundToothbrushing is an important yet neglected behaviour that affects the oral health of preschool children. Little is reported on parental supervision, an essential aspect of routine effective toothbrushing in this age group. The aim of this study was to evaluate pre-schoolers’ toothbrushing behaviour including parental involvement and its association with their oral health.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. A total of 92 preschool children (4–6 years) were invited to participate with their parents/guardians. Nine parameters of toothbrushing behaviour were assessed from parental responses (questionnaire) and observation of child and parents/guardians (video recording). Oral examination included recording plaque, gingival and dental caries indices. BORIS software was used to assess toothbrushing parameters and Smart PLS was used to perform association with a second-generation multivariate analysis to create models with and without confounding factors.ResultsGirls were slightly more (53%) than boys (47%). Children aged 4 years were slightly more in number (38%), followed by 6-year-olds and 5-year-olds. Nearly, 90% parents had tertiary education and 46% had more than 2 children. Differences were recorded in the reported and observed behaviour. Thirty-five percent parents/guardians reported using pea-size toothpaste amount but only 28% were observed. Forty percent reported to brush for 30 s–1 min, however 51% were observed to brush for 1–2 min. Half the children were observed to use fluoridated toothpaste (F < 1000 ppm) under parental supervision (11%). The mean (SD) plaque score reduction after toothbrushing was 10.80 (2.46), mean pre-brushing plaque score was 90.3 (10.2), mean gingival index was 0.89 (0.65) and mean dental caries status (ICDAS(1–6)) was 18.87 (12.39). Toothbrushing behaviour in terms of toothbrushing technique, duration, pattern and frequency, toothbrush type and grip type, toothpaste type and amount, post-brushing mouth rinsing and parental involvement contributed significantly to plaque score change (86%), dental caries status (73%), gingival index (66%) and pre-brushing plaque score (31%). The significant confounding variables had a small influence on oral health of preschool children.ConclusionsPreschool children’s toothbrushing behaviour was inadequate while their oral health was poor, with a significant association between the two parameters.

Factors affecting the plaque removal effect -Comparison of the types of toothbrushes and brushing proficiency-

Factors affecting the plaque removal effect -Comparison of the types of toothbrushes and brushing proficiency-

What’s Better for Children; an Electric or Manual Toothbrush?

Is an electric toothbrush better than a regular toothbrush for children? Who should use an electric toothbrush? These are some of the questions that parents are confused about. Unfortunately, scientific research has not found a definite answer to these questions. Many scientific studies have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of hand or electric toothbrushes in reducing gum disease and removing plaque. A review of some studies has revealed that, in general, there is no significant difference between hand-held and electric toothbrushes in the ability to plaque removal and gum disease prevention. However, evidence showed that certain types of electric or rechargeable toothbrushes called rotary-oscillating toothbrushes were better and more effective than hand-held toothbrushes but if the correct brushing method is followed.

Effect of electric, ultrasonic and manual toothbrushes on biofilm removal and gingivitis control

Aim: To evaluate the effect of manual (M), electric (E) and ultrasonic (US) toothbrushes on the removal of oral biofilm and control of gingivitis. Also, the roughness and tooth wear production were evaluated in vitro. Methods: For the in vitro analyses, thirty bovine dentin specimens were submitted to a 3-month brushing simulation (9 minutes) with the three types of toothbrushes (n = 10). Subsequently, a randomized controlled clinical trial was performed with 36 patients divided into 3 groups according to the toothbrushes used (n = 12). Gingival index, visible plaque index and the volume of crevicular fluid were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after the beginning of the toothbrush use. Furthermore, the performance of the biofilm removal per brushing cycle of 1 and 3 minutes with each toothbrush was made monthly until the end of the experiment. Results: The US group had the highest dentin wear. Clinically, the US group had a lower plaque index at 3 months than the M group. The M group also showed less biofilm removal efficiency from the second month of follow-up and more worn bristles at the end of the 3 month period than the E and US groups. Conclusion: The ultrasonic, electric and manual toothbrushes showed no differences in gingivitis control in the present study. The ultrasonic and electric toothbrushes had a more significant effect on biofilm removal than a manual toothbrush, but the ultrasonic toothbrush promoted greater dentin tissue wear.

Tooth Wear and Associated Factors in School Children with Primary Dentition in Kathmandu Valley.

Tooth wear is the loss of tooth structure from physical or chemical attack of nonbacterial origin. Predominant causative factor for tooth wear in primary dentition is erosion. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of tooth wear and its associated factors in primary dentition. Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted after obtaining ethical approval among 425 children aged two to 12 years, enrolled in different preschools/schools located in Kathmandu valley. Informed consent from parents as well as assent from children were obtained. Oral examination for assessing tooth wear was done using Smith and Knight Tooth Wear Index. Self-administered questionnaires were sent to parents for considering the factors associated with tooth wear. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel Sheet and analysed in Statistical Package of Social Sciences. The chi-square/fisher's exact test was done to establish the association between tooth wear and various factors. Among total participants, 295 (69.4%) had tooth wear in at least one or more teeth. Tooth wear was seen significantly higher in children with increasing age (p<0.001). It was significantly associated with brushing technique (p=0.022), type of toothbrush (p=0.005), increasing duration of bottle feeding (p=0.003), in children frequently taking sour food stuffs (p=0.019) and soft drinks/juices (p<0.001). Prevalence of tooth wear was high in primary dentition that increased with age. The condition was significantly associated with type of brushing technique, brushing frequency, materials used and type of diet. Tooth wear is a major problem in young age group having multifactorial etiology. It may lead to dental hypersensitivity and pulpal involvement if not followed up in early stages.

Objective assessment of simulated non-carious cervical lesion by tridimensional digital scanning.

To explore the use of 3D intraoral scanner/image analysis for the detection and monitoring of simulated non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) in vitro. A total of 288 NCCLs of different severities and simulated using a laboratorial model associating toothbrush stiffness (soft, medium, and hard) and toothpaste abrasivity (low, medium, high, and negative control) were analyzed. Dental impressions were taken from specimens before and after 35K and 65K brushing strokes, and then scanned with a CEREC Omnicam scanner. 3D models were analyzed for volumetric tooth loss. 3D optical profilometry was considered as the gold standard. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD tests (alpha = 0.05), and agreement between methods by using intraclass correlation coefficient. Toothbrushes of hard and mid stiffness caused higher tooth loss than soft when associated with the highest abrasive, at 35K and 65K strokes (p< 0.001). Variation in slurry abrasivity led to differences in tooth loss (with control < low < medium < high, p< 0.0001) after both 35K and 65K strokes, regardless of the type of toothbrush used, except at 35K, wherein control = low (p= 0.55). 35K strokes caused less tooth loss than 65K for all abrasive slurries (p < 0.0001) except controls. The intraclass correlation coefficient for agreement between the test and gold standard methods was 0.85. Analysis of 3D images from intraoral scanner could detect and monitor NCCL progression, although this ability was limited on incipient lesions. Overall good agreement was found between the test method and optical profilometry. The suggested method may be applicable to detect and monitor NCCLs clinically.

Knowledge and attitude of dental students in Riyadh City toward the effect of mouthwashes on surface roughness and color stability of some esthetic restorations.

Objective:To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of dental students in Riyadh city toward the effect of mouthwash on surface roughness and color stability of some esthetic restorations.Materials and methods:This cross-sectional study is directed toward dental students in Riyadh city. The inclusion criteria include both undergraduate students and interns. The exclusion criteria include postgraduate dentist and those in the preparatory year. Also, dental students outside Riyadh are excluded, A questionnaire in English language was distributed through randomized selected participants in both social media (WhatsApp, Twitter) via link in a google sheet. The survey items were divided into two sections that include socio- demographic data and knowledge subscales.Results:A total of 455 dental students have filled the survey, among them 168 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria (they were preparatory year students), making the number of included responses 287. There was a significant difference between males in females when answering the questions related to 1) indication of mouthwash prescription (P = 0.044), 2) if mouthwashes increase surface roughness of esthetic restorations (P= 0.007) and 3) the type of toothbrush used with esthetic restoration (P= 0.016).conclusion:there is high awareness and using of mouthwashes among dental students in Riyadh the correlation between mouthwashes and restorative materials needs more spot lightening in the dental education process.

Research on the Ergonomic Design of Pet Dog Toothbrush Neck

Using a toothbrush to clean the teeth for a pet dog is the best way to maintain the pet’s oral health. Meanwhile, the angle of a toothbrush neck can influence the posture and brushing strength of the pet caretaker, thereby affecting the cleaning efficiency. In order to compare the cleaning efficiency of pet dog toothbrushes with varied neck types, 20 volunteers with dog caring experience were selected. A medium-sized dog tooth model coated with water soluble pigment was provided to each volunteer, and then she/he was asked to brush the model for three minutes, using a specific type of pet dog toothbrush. Such process was repeated for each of 5 toothbrushes with varied neck types (all other elements remained the same), while different neck types were provided to each volunteer in random sequence. The pigment areas of the incisors, canines, and molars before and after tooth brushing were measured and calculated to speculate the cleaning efficiency of the toothbrush. At the end of the experiment, each subject was asked to evaluate five toothbrushes with respect to operating comfortability. The experimental results showed that the toothbrushes with backward tilting angle at the upper section of their brush necks performed significantly better than the other four groups of toothbrushes in cleaning molar and canine teeth, while the toothbrushes with backward tilting angle at the lower section, and with the upper section parallel to the brush handle were more comfortable in operation.

Interplay between different manual toothbrushes and brushing loads on erosive tooth wear

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of different types of manual toothbrushes and brushing loads on the progression of erosive tooth wear (ETW) on enamel. MethodsBovine enamel specimens (n = 10) were submitted to a 5-day erosive-abrasive cycling model (0.3 % citric acid for 5 min, artificial saliva for 60 min, 4x/day). Toothbrushing was carried out 2x/day for 15 s, according to the toothbrushes tested (ultra-soft (a): Curaprox 5460; ultra-soft (b): Sensodyne Repair & Protect; soft (a): Colgate Slim Soft; soft (b): Oral-B Indicator Plus; medium: Johnson’s Professional; hard: Tek) and brushing loads (1.5 N, 3 N). Surface loss (SL, in μm) was assessed by optical profilometry on conclusion of the cycling. Some of the toothbrush characteristics were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). ResultsFor the 1.5 N load, the hard brush showed the highest SL value, with statistical significance. The other toothbrushes did not differ significantly, except that ultra-soft (a) caused significantly higher SL than ultra-soft (b). For the 3 N load, hard and soft (a) exhibited the highest SL. Soft (b) and medium had the lowest SL value, with statistical significance. Only soft (a) and ultra-soft (b) showed significant difference between loads, with lower SL for the load of 1.5 N. None of the toothbrush characteristics were significantly correlated with SL. ConclusionsAlthough different degrees of enamel surface loss were observed with use of the different toothbrushes, no association was found between the toothbrush characteristics and SL. Depending on the toothbrush, the force of brushing was capable of modulating the ETW of enamel. Based on the brushing loads usually applied by healthy individuals, hard brushes are not recommended for use by patients with ETW. Clinical significanceThe use of hard bristle brushes is not recommended for use by individuals who exert healthy forces when brushing their teeth. The toothbrush characteristics are of secondary importance in terms of causing enamel loss in ETW.

Validation of motion tracking as tool for observational toothbrushing studies.

Video observation (VO) is an established tool for observing toothbrushing behaviour, however, it is a subjective method requiring thorough calibration and training, and the toothbrush position is not always clearly visible. As automated tracking of motions may overcome these disadvantages, the study aimed to compare observational data of habitual toothbrushing as well as of post-instruction toothbrushing obtained from motion tracking (MT) to observational data obtained from VO. One-hundred-three subjects (37.4±14.7 years) were included and brushed their teeth with a manual (MB; n = 51) or a powered toothbrush (PB; n = 52) while being simultaneously video-filmed and tracked. Forty-six subjects were then instructed how to brush their teeth systematically and were filmed/tracked for a second time. Videos were analysed with INTERACT (Mangold, Germany); parameters of interest were toothbrush position, brushing time, changes between areas (events) and the Toothbrushing Systematic Index (TSI). Overall, the median proportion (min; max) of identically classified toothbrush positions (both sextant/surface correct) in a brushing session was 87.8% (50.0; 96.9), which was slightly higher for MB compared to PB (90.3 (50.0; 96.9) vs 86.5 (63.7; 96.5) resp.; p = 0.005). The number of events obtained from MT was higher than from VO (p < 0.001) with a moderate to high correlation between them (MB: ρ = 0.52, p < 0.001; PB: ρ = 0.87; p < 0.001). After instruction, both methods revealed a significant increase of the TSI regardless of the toothbrush type (p < 0.001 each). Motion tracking is a suitable tool for observing toothbrushing behaviour, is able to measure improvements after instruction, and can be used with both manual and powered toothbrushes.

PREVALENCE OF CERVICAL ABRASION IN TERTIARY CARE CENTER OF CHITWAN

Background: Cervical abrasion is defined as the loss of tooth substance that occurs in the absence of carious mechanism at cementoenamel junction of a tooth. This type of lesion can cause discommoding effects in dental health. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of cervical abrasion among general population in Chitwan and to relate the find­ing to probable etiology, thereby developing an etiological hypothesis that can be beneficial during treatment. Methods: The study was carried out between August 2019 and October 2019 in 500 adults who attended the department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, COMS-TH. A proforma con­sisting of demographic data, type of diet and oral hygiene practices was used for the data col­lection and each patient went through a clinical examination as well. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Descriptive analysis was performed and Chi-square test of association was done. Results: Total prevalence of cervical abrasion in the study population was 10.4%. A statistically sig­nificant relationship was observed between cervical abrasion, gender, age, toothbrush frequency, method of tooth brushing and type of toothbrush employed. The study affirmed that population with cervical abrasion had hypersensitivity. Conclusions: The prevalence of cervical abrasions was seen to increase with age, frequency of toothbrushing, faulty method of toothbrushing and use of inappropriate type of toothbrush. Hence, it is advocated that dental professionals guide people on correct brushing technique and use of appropriate type of toothbrush to avoid and prevent this problem from worsening.