Type Of Switch Research Articles

Enhanced Performance of Series Microexploding Bridge Planar Discharge Switch Integrated With Exploding Foil

To achieve the low energy, miniaturization, and low cost of the exploding bridge foil initiator, single and series microexploding bridge planar discharge switch (MEB-PDS) coplanar and cocathode integrated with exploding bridge foil is fabricated by magnetron sputtering and photolithography forming etching in this work. The maximum electrostatic field strength and breakdown voltage of the MEB-PDS are calculated by multiphysics field theory. The breakdown voltage, conduction performance, MEB electrical explosion performance, and integrated exploding foil initiator (EFI) of the MEB-PDS have been tested. The relationship between breakdown voltages and design parameters, variation law between conduction time and design parameters, operating voltages and trigger voltages, and the matching between operating voltages and trigger voltages of MEB-PDS are analyzed. The results show that the breakdown voltages of single-bridge and three-series MEB-PDS can meet the insulation requirements at the operating voltage. The plasma clouds generated by the three-series MEB-PDS converge and superimpose, which results in its better conduction performance and operating reliability than single MEB-PDS. Based on the optimization of MEB structure parameters, the breakdown voltage of the three-series MEB-PDS is 2.848 kV at a trigger voltage of 0.600 kV. The 50% ignition voltage sensitivity U (50%) of the corresponding integrated exploding foil initiator is 1.191 kV, and the 99.9% ignition voltage sensitivity U (99.9%) is 1.269 kV. Compared with other types of spark gap discharge switches, U (99.9%) is reduced by 11.07%. The trigger voltage of the switch is reduced from ∼1.5 to 0.6 kV.

Engineering of ZnO/rGO towards NO2 Gas Detection: Ratio Modulated Sensing Type and Heterojunction Determined Response.

Nanoscale heterostructured zinc oxide/reduced graphene oxide (ZnO/rGO) materials with p-n heterojunctions exhibit excellent low temperature NO2 gas sensing performance, but their doping ratio modulated sensing properties remain poorly understood. Herein, ZnO nanoparticles were loaded with 0.1~4% rGO by a facile hydrothermal method and evaluated as NO2 gas chemiresistor. We have the following key findings. First, ZnO/rGO manifests doping ratio-dependent sensing type switching. Increasing the rGO concentration changes the type of ZnO/rGO conductivity from n-type (<0.6% rGO) to mixed n/p -type (0.6~1.4% rGO) and finally to p-type (>1.4% rGO). Second, interestingly, different sensing regions exhibit different sensing characteristics. In the n-type NO2 gas sensing region, all the sensors exhibit the maximum gas response at the optimum working temperature. Among them, the sensor that shows the maximum gas response exhibits a minimum optimum working temperature. In the mixed n/p-type region, the material displays abnormal reversal from n- to p-type sensing transitions as a function of the doping ratio, NO2 concentration and working temperature. In the p-type gas sensing region, the response decreases with increasing rGO ratio and working temperature. Third, we derive a conduction path model that shows how the sensing type switches in ZnO/rGO. We also find that p-n heterojunction ratio (np-n/nrGO) plays a key role in the optimal response condition. The model is supported by UV-vis experimental data. The approach presented in this work can be extended to other p-n heterostructures and the insights will benefit the design of more efficient chemiresistive gas sensors.

Code Switching Found in Daniel Mananta Network Podcast by Agnes Monica and Daniel Mananta

This study discusses the types and reasons of code-switching occurred during conversations between Agnes Monica and Daniel Mananta on the Daniel Mananta Network Podcast. This study aims to answer research problems, namely (1) What types of code switching are used by Agnes Monica and Daniel Mananta on the Daniel Mananta Network (2) What are the reasons behind the occurrence of code switching by Agnes Monica and Daniel Mananta on the Daniel Mananta Network. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method by classifying and describing the types of code switching based on the theory from Appel and Muysken (1987) and the reasons behind the occurrence of code switching based on Hoffman's theory (1991). The result shows that 90 data were found, 6 data of tag switching, 70 data of intra-sentential switching, and 13 data of inter-sentential switching. Intra-sentential switching is the most dominant types found in data source. Meanwhile, tag switching is the least. Moreover seven reasons motivating code switching were found in Podcast Daniel Mananta Network. Where talking about particular topic is the most dominant reasons found. It's because Agnes Monica and Daniel Mananta occasionally favor using one language over another while discussing a certain subject. In a language other than his native tongue, a speaker may occasionally feel more at ease and free to express his or her emotional feelings. The character can grab the audience's attention and add interest to the narrative by using code switching.

Safety Performance Evaluation of Flashing Yellow Arrow: Time-of-Day Versus 24-Hour Operation

The flashing yellow arrow (FYA), as the permissive left-turn indication, has been widely implemented to mitigate driving confusion caused by the permissive steady green indication. The selection of an appropriate FYA operation type, however, remains an open-ended question as few studies have evaluated the safety effectiveness of FYA under different operation types, that is, 24-hour, time-of-day (TOD), and switching from 24-hour to TOD. Moreover, since FYA has been typically used at intersections with a single left-turn lane, its safety effectiveness at intersections with dual left-turn lanes has not been well investigated. To bridge these gaps, this paper focuses on evaluating the safety effectiveness of FYA at intersections with varying numbers of left-turn lanes under different operation types and examining whether the FYA operation type switch affects safety performance. Empirical Bayes before/after studies are conducted for 24-hour, TOD, and switching from 24-hour to TOD FYA operation types using multivariate adaptive regression splines models in comparison with traditional negative binomial models. Safety performance functions are developed for different combinations of crash types and a different number of left-turn lanes. Results show that for intersections with either a single left-turn lane or dual left-turn lanes, 24-hour and TOD FYA operation types reduce crashes by 8.76% to 50%. However, intersections with dual left-turn lanes experience a 31.2% increase in total crashes when switching from 24-hour to TOD FYA operation type, while intersections with a single left-turn lane see a 60% decrease in rear-end crashes.

Teacher's Language Code Switching in Indonesian Language Learning in Class II, Elementary School 11 Sub-district Ulu Musi District Four Laws

Code switching is a switch from one language to another or from one dialect to another or vice versa, the occurrence of code switching due to changes in certain situations. The use of language is very important because language is the most important thing so that humans can interact with each other, especially in the interaction of a more formal scope of learning. Learning is an effort to prepare teaching and learning activities by teachers for students. Teachers are people who are assigned to be responsible for the growth and development of students towards educated humans. In learning, teachers are emphasized to be able to apply Indonesian properly and correctly as a unified language, namely Indonesian, which is inversely proportional to the situation in the observed school. This study aims to determine the form of teacher language code switching and factors that influence teacher language code switching in Indonesian language learning in class II SD Negeri 11 Ulu Musi District, Empat Lawang Regency. The methods used are observation, interview, and documentation. It can be concluded that the code switching process carried out by Indonesian teachers in teaching and learning activities uses the type of internal code switching, namely the code switching of the teacher's language from Indonesian to local language, both learning activities in the introduction, core and closing phases. Factors that influence the teacher's language code switching, namely internal and external. Internally, teachers are not too confident to always use Indonesian. Then externally code switching occurs due to environmental factors that are accustomed to using local languages, so that speech partners find it difficult to understand messages conveyed with other than local languages.

Analysis of English Code Switching by Lecturer in Public Speaking Class of English Education Study Program at Muhammadiyah Kotabumi University

Abstract: Code switching is a transition from one language to another and a common phenomenon in bilingual society. This research discussed the practice of code switching carried out by lecturer of the Public Speaking course. The purpose of this research was to analyze the types, functions, and reasons what Public Speaking lecturer used during the teaching and learning process in the classroom. The data in this research were obtained from the analysis of the lecturer of the Public Speaking course through observations and interview used qualitative descriptive methods. The results of the analysis of this research indicated that there were three types of code switching that occurred: Tag-Switching 23 times, Inter-sentential Switching 71 times, and Intra-sentential Switching 57 times, and the types that occured most often was Inter-Sentential Switching 71 times. There were 3 code switching functions that found in this research: Topic Switch 11 times, Affective Function 19 times, and Repetitive Function 24 times. There were also found 4 reasons for the practiced of code switching carried out by Public Speaking lecturer: Talking about Particular topics, Interjection, Repetition for Clarification, and Intention of Clarifying. Furthermore, this article is expected to contribute in knowledge related to code switching for further research. Keywords: Code Switching, Bilingual, Speaking

SAFETY STUDY OF THE ENERGY SYSTEM OF RESIDENTIAL PREMISES

The paper investigates the reliability of protection of type B circuit breakers for residential premises. The focus of this work is on short circuit protection. To this end, a number of experiments were carried out to study the reaction of various electrical circuits to a short circuit and to understand which of the circuits would be the safest. During the experiments, the most widely used automatic switches of type B – B8, B16, B25, designed for a current of 3…5 A, but which have a greater sensitivity to short circuits, were investigated. All switches were carefully inspected for mechanical damage. All experiments were carried out in special dielectric gloves and in compliance with safety regulations. For the experiment, a test stand was assembled. For the connection, terminal blocks were used, through which the stand is supplied with power from the network to the ammeter, which will show the current at the stand. The paper gives recommendations on the selection and operation of circuit breakers.

Impact of railroad switches on rail noise exposure near stations

According to Common NOise aSSessment methOdS in EUrope (CNOSSOS-EU) in Annex II of Directive 2002/49/EC, noise from road, rail and airplane traffic, as well as noise from industries, shall be assessed using this common method. For railway noise in Sweden, noise assessment has previously been done using the Nordic Assesment Method for Train Noise, revised 1996 (NMT96). NMT96 includes a simple correction for rail joints of +3dB and for rail switches of +6dB. CNOSSOS-EU instead introduces a speed dependent correction based on a third octave band wavelength spectrum adding up to 20dB rolling noise energy in lower frequencies and down to -40 dB in higher frequencies. Measurements recently performed for two different rail switch types along the Swedish rail system indicate that the frequency distribution corresponds well to the CNOSSOS-EU correction for one type of rail switch but not for the other, and for the overall level difference the opposite is true. In order to investigate to what extent this deviation is affecting noise exposure an inventory of more than 11000 rail switches along the swedish railroad network has been performed to identify what types are situated in densely populated areas such as railway stations.

CODE SWITCHING DAN CODE MIXING PADA NOVEL CRYING WINTER KARYA MELL SHALIHA

The purpose of this study describes the types of code switching and code mixing in Mell Shaliha Crying Winter novel and the factors that cause code switching and code mixing. The method used in this research is qualitative method. This study uses a qualitative method. Data collection is done by observation and note-taking. The results of this study explain that code switching and code mixing events in the novel Crying Winter are found, namely internal and external code switching in the form of English into Indonesian and vice versa, Korean into Indonesian and the phenomenon of code mixing in the form of words, phrases, baster and clauses. The factors that influence the existence of code switching and code mixing are the participants, the situation, and the influence of the previous speech, and the aims of the conversation.

The internet and product switching: an empirical test and mechanism analysis based on China

ABSTRACT This study examined the influence of Internet use on product switching, as the Internet is an important channel for information acquisition. Using data from China, the study found that: (1) Internet use significantly increased the probability of companies to switch products; and (2) the impact of the internet is heterogeneous with respect to types of product switching. The Internet significantly prompts businesses to add products, but decreases two product-switching categories, i.e. both adding and dropping products, and only dropping products. Business innovation, product similarity and product core values are the keys to understanding the differentiation of internet influence.

Tuning the pH of Activation of Fluorinated Hydrazone-Based Switches─A Pathway to Versatile 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents.

Molecular switches have become an area of great interest in recent years. They are explored as high-density data storage and organic diodes in molecular electronics as well as chemosensors due to their ability to undergo a transition between well-defined structures under the action of external stimuli. One of the types of such switches is hydrazones. They work by changing the configuration from E to Z under the influence of pH or light. The change in configuration is accompanied by a change in the absorption band and changes in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum. In this publication, the structure-property relationship of fluorinated hydrazone switches was established. A linear relationship between the Hammett substituent constants and the pH where the switching occurs was found. Introduction of strong electron-donating groups allowed obtaining a hydrazone switch of pKa = 6 suitable for application in 19F MRI as contrast agents.

Menganalisis Alih Kode Dan Campur Kode Bahasa Pada Video Channel Youtube Detik.Com Yang Berjudul Impersonation Game With Iqbaal Ramadhan

This study aims to describe the form and type of code switching and language code mixing on Detik.com YouTube Channel video entitled Impersonation game with Iqbaal Ramadhan. I conducted this analysis accompanied by a comparison with 4 scientific journals that were the subject of study. This research uses a qualitative approach and the method used in this study is a descriptive method. In this study, data collection techniques were used with free listening techniques, proficient libas and recording techniques. The data is taken from a video show on Detik.com's YouTube Channel entitled Impersonation game with Iqbaal Ramadhan. The results of the analysis of research data that have been stated in the previous discussion, it can be concluded that the form of code switching and code mixing is often used by Iqbaal Ramadhan in the video. Iqbaal Ramadan often switches from Indonesian to foreign languages and regional languages and vice versa. The form of code transfer found by researchers in the field, namely the form of internal code transfer which occurs, the transition from Indonesian, to regional languages or vice versa, while the code mixing that occurs, namely the mixing or insertion of regional language words into Indonesian conversation, either intentionally or unintentionally. The form of mixed code obtained by the researcher, which is in the form of mixed code into mixing Indonesian with foreign languages and regional languages (Tae). This happened because of Iqbaal Ramadan's habit of using multilingual languages, so that code switching and code mixing in conversations in the surrounding environment occurred.

A bittersweet fate: detection of serotype switching in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

High-risk clone types in Pseudomonas aeruginosa are problematic global multidrug-resistant clones. However, apart from their ability to resist antimicrobial treatment, not much is known about what sets these clones apart from the multitude of other clones. In high-risk clone ST111, it has previously been shown that replacement of the native serotype biosynthetic gene cluster (O4) by a different gene cluster (O12) by horizontal gene transfer and recombination may have contributed to the global success of this clone. However, the extent to which isolates undergo this type of serotype switching has not been adequately explored in P. aeruginosa. In the present study, a bioinformatics tool has been developed and utilized to provide a first estimate of serotype switching in groups of multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates. The tool detects serotype switching by analysis of core-genome phylogeny and in silico serotype. Analysis of a national survey of MDR isolates found a prevalence of 3.9 % of serotype-switched isolates in high-risk clone types ST111, ST244 and ST253. A global survey of MDR isolates was additionally analysed, and it was found that 2.3 % of isolates had undergone a serotype switch. To further understand this process, we determined the exact boundaries of the horizontally transferred serotype O12 island. We found that the size of the serotype island correlates with the clone type of the receiving isolate and additionally we found intra-clone type variations in size and boundaries. This suggests multiple serotype switch events. Moreover, we found that the housekeeping gene gyrA is co-transferred with the O12 serotype island, which prompted us to analyse this allele for all serotype O12 isolates. We found that 95 % of ST111 O12 isolates had a resistant gyrA allele and 86 % of all O12 isolates had a resistant gyrA allele. The rates of resistant gyrA alleles in isolates with other prevalent serotypes are all lower. Together, these results show that the transfer and acquisition of serotype O12 in high-risk clone ST111 has happened multiple times and may be facilitated by multiple donors, which clearly suggests a strong selection pressure for this process. However, gyrA-mediated antibiotic resistance may not be the only evolutionary driver.

The Use of Code Swtiching by Chef Juna and Deddy Corbuzier in Deddy Corbuzier Podcast

Code-switching has become a characteristic or pattern of communicative change in contemporary generation. This effect occurs in Indonesian culture, which was acculturated with a foreign language, and code-switching can let them construct a simple phrase to declare that is not available in their own language. It is frequently heard on various national entertainment shows, by content producers on YouTube, and in podcasts. The main objective of this research paper is to explicate which type and kind of code switching is more widespread when the two speakers speak in Deddy Corbuzier's podcast. This study collects data using qualitative methodologies for sociolinguistic phenomena and documentation procedures. In this study, Poplack theory is applied to examine the different forms of code switching. The authors encountered three patterns of code-switching: Tag-switching, inter-sentential code-switching, and intra-sentential code-switching are part of code-switching. Based upon the outcomes of the data acquired from the Deddy Corbuzier Podcast, the researchers summarize that the form of switching code that is most commonly employed in communication is Inter Sentential Code Switching.

APPEARANCES OF CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING IN ONLINE CONVERSATION

Code switching and code mixing are occurred due to phenomena of bilingualism and multilingualism in communication activity. The use of code switching and code mixing are generally used when people talk to each other with friends, family, or other people. This study aimed to analyze the types of code switching by Poplack (1980) such as Intra sentential, Inter sentential and Extra sentential and code mixing by Muysken (2000) which consists of Insertion, Alternation and Congruent lexicalization which is occurred in the conversation in the conversation between Najwa Shihab and Maudy Ayunda in the “Catatan Najwa” Youtube channel. This study also analyzed type of reasons of code switching and code mixing occurred in the conversation. The mixes of qualitative and quantitative method were used by the researcher. The results of the study showed that the phenomena of code switching and code mixing appeared a lot in conversation between Najwa Shihab and Maudy Ayunda.

Achieving adjustable digital-to-analog conversion in memristors with embedded Cs2AgSbBr6 nanoparticles.

In this work, the proportions of Cs2AgSbBr6 nanoparticles (NPs) mixed in a PMMA film are adjusted to the digital and analog types of resistive switching (RS) behaviors in Ag/PMMA&Cs2AgSbBr6-NPs/ITO memristor devices. It is confirmed that when the concentration of NPs doped in the PMMA film is about 5 wt%, the memristor devices demonstrate bipolar digital RS behaviors with excellent electrical characteristics such as low operating voltage, high ON/OFF ratio (>500), good endurance (>800 cycles), and stable retention ability (>104 s). However, the devices showed a transition to analog-type memristive behavior when the concentration of NPs doped in the PMMA film is around 10 wt%, and several artificial synapse behaviors are successfully simulated. The device model simulation is also used to explore the effect of the NPs on the local electric field and growing filaments. Our work provides an opportunity to explore next-generation artificial synapse devices based on lead-free halide perovskites.

Decentralized Dynamic Event-Triggered Adaptive Fuzzy Control for Switched Nonlinear Systems With Unstable Inverse Dynamics

In this article, the problem of decentralized dynamic event-triggered (ET) adaptive fuzzy control for a class of strong interconnected switched uncertain nonlinear systems with unstable inverse dynamics and unknown control gains is studied. By utilizing the adaptive backstepping technique and new fuzzy logic systems, decentralized ET adaptive fuzzy controllers for subsystems and a new type of switching decentralized dynamic event-triggering mechanisms are constructed. Then, the asynchronous switching problem between candidate controllers and subsystems is addressed, and the upper bound of asynchronous time is not directly restricted. Meanwhile, by ensuring that the interexecution times are lower bounded by a positive constant, Zeno behavior is avoided. Furthermore, it is proved by the multiple Lyapunov functions method that all signals in the switched closed-loop system are bounded under a new class of slow switching signals. The validity of the derived result is illustrated using two examples which include a two inverted pendulum system.

SYSTEMIC REVIEW ON VOICE ACTUATED SMART HOPITAL BED

During the 20th century, medical beds underwent technological advancements, especially making them smarter in patient care. The past fifteen years have brought various changes in the concept of smart bed technology, but no definitive evidence of the project's existence has been presented. These and previous systems typically use at least one push button or pressure-sensitive type switch to implement various control and articulation capabilities. Smart beds are designed to assist patients with mobility issue as it will allow them to control bed movement by themself and help them return to normal movement more quickly, with the presence of a monitoring system that alerts nursing staff when patients move and leave the bed with side rails. This type of high-end bed contributes greatly to the recovery of the patient's physical condition, health and activity because it is the main factor in achieving this goal, according to studies that have confirmed that the patient's movement during hospital stay as contributed to his quick recovery and early discharge from the hospital.

Teacher’s Use of Code-switching Types and Functions in Teaching TOEFL and IELTS Preparation Classes

In English courses, TOEFL and IELTS preparation classes are opened to accommodate the students’ need in learning English skills intensively and passing those standardized tests. As the EFL students still learn the target language, teachers often code-switch to give exposure and explanation. This research aims to study the use of code-switching in English courses. The research questions posed in this study are “what are the types of code-switching used by the teacher in TOEFL and IELTS preparation classes?” and “what are the functions of code-switching in TOEFL and IELTS preparation classes?” This study used descriptive statistics with two structured observation sheets as the instruments. The results showed that the teacher uses seven types of code-switching, intersentential, intrasentential, emblematic, lexical borrowing, integrated loanword, situational, and metaphorical switching in both observed TOEFL and IELTS classes. The researcher finds the six functions of code-switching: referential, directive, expressive, phatic, metalinguistic, and pedagogical functions.&#x0D;

Rancang Bangun Water Level Control Berbasis Sonoff Smart Switch

The prototype of an automatic water tank filling system based on a sonoff smart switch that works based on the volume of water level in a tank based on a sonoff smart switch has been successfully created. This study aims to determine the working principle of the sonoff switch and automatic water tank filling system. The water sensor used in this study is a float switch type that works based on changes in the value of the high volume of the tank water. For automatic filling of the water tank, a sonoff smart switch and also a float switch has been used as a switch to drain and disconnect the electric current to the pump. The design results show that this automatic water tank filling system can work well, where if the water tank level is below 20% then the water pump will turn "ON" and if the water level in the tank is above 90% then the water pump will turn "OFF".