Type Of Shot Research Articles

Performance dynamics in professional padel: winners, forced errors, and unforced errors among men and women players

ABSTRACT The study aimed to analyse the number of satisfactory shots, the effectiveness of the last shot, and the winners, forced errors, and unforced errors in men’s and women’s professional padel. Data were collected from 41 professional matches at the World Padel Tour Finland Padel Open tournament, focusing on variables such as “set result, effectiveness and typology of the last shot, and number of successful shots”. Descriptive and inferential analyses, including chi-square tests and Z-tests with Bonferroni corrections, were performed. Results indicate that in the men’s padel, the serving pair wins more points than the returning pair. Similarly, in the women’s padel, the serving pair generally wins more points, but in long rallies (20+ shots), the returning pair wins slightly more. A significant association exists between the type of shot and its effectiveness in both winning and losing pairs (p < 0.001). In both men’s and women’s padel, smashes (24.6%–45.7%), bandejas (12.6%–20.2%), and volleys (24.0%–36.0%) are the most effective shots to secure winners. Backhand volleys (18.3%–25.1%) account for the most forced errors, while the most unforced errors are made with bandejas (19.2%–27.0%). These findings are crucial for coaches and players, helping to tailor training to improve match performance based on shot type and sex.

The Ecofeminism Practice: The Women's Movement in the Documentary Film “Sangihe Melawan”

Ecofeminism is an interrelated and holistic theory and practice. Ecology, in conjunction with discourses on women's freedom and radical democracy, constitutes one of the primary pillars of democratic confederalism, which is the development of the political paradigm in Indonesia. Ecofeminism also manifests in several areas, including the women's resistance movement against gold mining by PT Tambang Mas Sangihe (TMS) in Sangihe. This study aims to describe the representation of the women's movement in the documentary film "Sangihe Melawan," which was uploaded to the YouTube channel of Watchdoc Documentary on July 1, 2022. This research employs semiotics techniques. The data analysis unit in this study includes images or visuals, audio (dialogue and narration), acting, setting, type of shot, and angle, which collectively demonstrate the role of women in the concept of Social Ecofeminism. The results indicate that women are represented as the most disadvantaged parties in the exploitation of natural resources. The women's movement to protect the environment is also depicted as an effortful endeavor. The women's resistance to the expansion of gold mining in Sangihe was manifested in various actions, including awareness-raising activities, a women's rally, legal action against PT TMS through the Manado and Jakarta Administrative Courts, and other legal avenues.

Evaluation of gunshot injuries to long bones from pneumatic weapons using a human thigh model. Part II. Presentation and discussion of the detailed results of tests of gunshots of the anterior surface of the femur with 5.5 mm and 6.35 mm caliber shot.

The development of pneumatic shooting has led to the construction of technologically advanced devices with discharge energies similar to those of firearms. The pneumatic weapons ammunition market offers a variety of shot which varies in penetration properties and the extent of gunshot damage. In view of the ease of "tuning" of air rifles, a study was conducted of the inlet damage to the anterior femoral surface after pneumatic gunshots. The paper shows the differences in damage parameters depending on the type of shot. In the study, Air Arms Hi-Power Xtra FAC cal. 5.5 mm and FX Bobcat Mk II cal. 6.35 mm pneumatic carbines were used and lead shot by Haendler&Natterman's Spitzkugel type, Hollow Point and Baracuda cal. 5.5 mm and 6.35 mm, as well as lead-free shot Excite Apollo cal. 5.5 mm and Black Max Lead-Free cal. 6.35 mm. Measurements were taken of the extent of inlet damage to the anterior surface of the femoral shaft with X-ray and CT imaging. HollowPoint shot caused the greatest range of gunshot penetration damage in both bone and periosteum, Apollo lead-free shot caused the least. At the same time, HollowPoint shot showed the greatest susceptibility to ricocheting. 1. The type of shot used influences diversified morphology of the holes and the nature of gunshot damage to the femoral shaft. The differences concern both the gunshot holes and the nature, course and extent of associated fractures. 2. The smallest inlet holes and damage to the periosteum with a regular shape are caused by gunshots with pointed and pointed tip pellets. The greatest extent of bone and periosteum inlet damage was observed in gunshots with Hollow Point type shot due to its predisposition to deformation and fragmentation. 3. Radio-imaging studies are a valuable complement to macroscopic visual assessment providing a useful value for identifying the type of shot used.

Return-to-Golf Rate After Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

With advancements in the technology, techniques, and biomechanical understanding of shoulder arthroplasty, higher rates of postoperative return to various sports have been seen in the past decade. To observe the return-to-golf rate after various types of shoulder arthroplasty (anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty [TSA], hemiarthroplasty [HA], and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty [RSA]) and also to review the protocols for return to golf. Scoping review; Level of evidence, 4. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed in a search of PubMed, JSTOR, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and CORE using the keywords "return to sport,""shoulder arthroplasty,""golf,""TSA,""shoulder arthroplasty,""hemiarthroplasty,""reverse shoulder arthroplasty,""RSA,""sports," and "athlete." Of 145 preliminary results, 10 retrospective studies (n = 178 patients) published between 1998 and 2021 were included in the final analysis. The mean patient age was 65 years. Of the 172 patients with reported return-to-sport rates, the mean return-to-golf rate was 75.8% for all types of shoulder arthroplasty. Of these 172 patients, 107 patients were categorized by type of procedure: Anatomic TSA had the highest return-to-golf rate at 77.6% (49/107), followed by HA at 64.3% (14/107) and RSA at 59.1% (44/107). Four studies commented on return to the full 18 holes of golf, with a return-to-sport timeline ranging from 5 to 6 months postoperatively. One study specified the return-to-golf timeline based on the type of shot and reported the mean number of weeks before putting, chipping, and returning to the course as 20, 22, and 27 weeks, respectively. Two studies that reported on golf playing frequency noted an increase from before to 1 year after TSA, from a mean of 1.6 and 0.7 times per week to 2.0 and 1.7 times per week, respectively. Only 1 study, published in 1998, provided a comprehensive return-to-golf protocol. The return-to-golf rate after shoulder arthroplasty was highest after anatomic TSA (78%) compared with HA (64%) and RSA (59%). The most commonly reported duration before returning to a full 18 holes was 5 to 6 months, but patients returned to putting and chipping earlier.

Impact of COVID-19 Vaccinations on Menstrual Bleeding.

Vaccination has a fundamental role in protecting against and modifying the severity of several infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Several immune and non-immune adverse events have been reported post-COVID-19 vaccine. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the COVID-19 vaccine on women's menstrual bleeding. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 399 vaccinated women in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a direct interview-based questionnaire including four sections. A total of 399 women were recruited, with a mean age of 25.54 ± 6.177 years. More than half (53.9%) of the participants reported post-vaccination menstrual bleeding abnormality in terms of a heavy or irregular cycle. Out of the total number, 40 (21.4%) women reported having heavy menstrual flow, and 67 (16.8%) had non-menstrual bleeding after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Fully vaccinated women were at a greater risk of post-vaccination menstrual bleeding abnormality (p = 0.058). However, there was no correlation between booster shot type and menstrual bleeding abnormality (p > 0.05). In addition, there was no significant association between non-menstrual bleeding and the type of booster shot, the type of the first dose, and prior history of COVID-19 infection (p > 0.05). Despite vaccination being the most effective way to prevent COVID-19, it does have an impact on menstrual bleeding in terms of menorrhagia and metrorrhagia. Therefore, more studies are needed to understand the mechanism and the long-term impact of COVID-19 vaccines on the hemostatic system.

Dramatisasi Tipe Shot pada Iklan Pond’s for Men Edisi The Oily Warrior

ABSTRACT&#x0D; Commercial advertising films, or television commercials (TVC), are made as attractive as possible with the aim of attracting viewers. The element of dramatization in advertising is needed and is closely related to the type of shot used. This study analyzes the dramatization of Pond's for Men advertisements for The Oily Warrior Edition, a facial care product specifically for men. Qualitative research method by analyzing the type of shot used to create dramatic effects. The results of this study provide an understanding that choosing the right type of shot in a scene will create a visual dramatization effect, which is an effective marketing strategy to create advertising films that attract the attention of viewers.&#x0D; Keywords: Dramatization, Shot, Shot Types, Television Commercial

AutoTag: automated metadata tagging for film post-production

Film post-production can be time- and money-inefficient. The reason is that a lot of the work involves a person or group of people, called metadata taggers, going through each individual piece of media and marking it up with relevant tags, such as the scene number, transcripts, and the type of shot for video footage. Such a task is particularly time-consuming for films with high shooting ratios (i.e., footage shot/footage shown). AutoTag automates much of the tagging process across 16 languages, saving both time and money. We describe the algorithms and implementation of AutoTag and report on some case studies.

Influence of the importance of the point and service tactical position in the shot following the return in men’s and women’s professional padel

The objective of this research was to analyse the shot following the return in men's and women's professional padel according to the importance of the point and the service tactical position. The type of shot following the return, importance of the shot and tactical position of the serving pair were recorded by systematic observation. A total of 2752 points (1431 men's and 1321 women's) from 69 matches played in the 2021 season of the World Padel Tour circuit were used. The results show that while men use more forehand and backhand volleys as shots following the return, women use more trays or smashes and back wall shots. In addition, while the server is the one who plays the most third shots following a straight return in men's padel (forehand and backhand volleys) and women's (forehand volleys and backhand volleys), the server's partner is the one who plays the most third shots following a lob return in the men's category (trays or smashes and back wall shots) and women's category (trays or smashes and back wall shots). Moreover, the importance of the point and the service position are parameters that affect the shot following the return in men's and women's professional padel. Thus, these findings are very novel as it is the first investigation to analyse the shot following the return in professional padel.

KOMPOSISI GAMBAR PADA PROGRAM DOKUMENTER TELEVISI WANITA NUSANTARA EPISODE SANG PENARI MATAHARI JAWA

Women of the archipelago edition of the Javanese Sun Dancers is a program that provides information and education about the seblang dancer and its rituals with facts from sources. This documentary explains about how Susi as a woman who performs Banyuwangi culture. The ritual for 7 days in a row makes Susi have her own story. Susi's story that was not exposed by the public. In the creation of the production work of the television documentary Wanita Nusantara edition of the Javanese Sun Dancers, the writer as the director has completed the production more or less according to the plan. This program applies the composition of image framing and subject or object. With a framing approach: rule of thirds, looking room and head room. Of course, with variants of type of shot and camera angle. The application of image composition aims to make the images presented vary and produce a beautiful image, so that the information in this production work can be clearly explained and the audience's eye will continue to follow the existing image.

From horizontal to vertical Film changes in mise en scene

A vertical film that has an aspect rasio 9:16. X&amp;Yvertical film is Indonesia’ first vertical film to be uploaded on the Tiktok platform. The purpose of this study used the descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclutions. This study uses observation and documentation methods as data collection techniques. The study result indicate that it is different from the horizontal film. X&amp;Y vertical film often maximize top-down framing. The framing logic that changes in X&amp;Y vertical film determines the type of size shot used. When applied to the vertical film, the size shot on the horizontal film will be different. X&amp;Y film use a lot of size shot, such as medium closeup and close up. Using medium shots and medium closeup in the vertical film gives the audience a solid and intimate impression. Changes bin shot size will also affect the composition of the mise en scene elements. In addition, there are also adjustments to mise en scene elements such as lighting, setting, properies, blocking, and actors. X&amp;Y film uses a lot of composition and top-down blocking to take advantage of the height of the vertical framing. The top and bottom spots appear in a vertical frame. X&amp;Y movie only on the Tiktok platform. There are not many media that support viewing in a vertical format.

Analysis of finishing actions in men’s and women’s professional padel

The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of finishing actions in men’s and women’s professional padel. To do this, the category, the type of finishing actions, the type of shot and the number of shots in 5513 points from five World Padel Tour tournaments were analysed. The results showed that men made more winners and fewer errors than women ( p &lt; 0.001); with smashes usually being the most frequently used shots to make winners, also highlighting the forehand off the wall smash in women's padel. The back wall shots and forehand or backhand shots without a wall appear as the most frequent errors in these finishing actions. Also, while men tend to make more errors with forehand volleys, women hit more winners with this shot. Men and women padel players make more errors (CSR = 6.7; CSR = 5.5) and fewer winners (CSR = −6.7; CSR = −5.5) in the first five shots of each point. However, they make fewer errors and more winning shots as the number of shots per point increases. These findings are highly relevant, since the style of play differs according to the gender of the players.

Analysis of Errors and Winners in Men’s and Women’s Professional Padel

The objective was to analyze the effectiveness in men’s and women’s professional padel of errors and winners depending on the type of shot and the importance of the situation during each game. In addition, differences between men and women were identified. The sample was made up of 2759 points corresponding to the games that finished with a golden point from matches played in the 2021 season of the World Padel Tour circuit. The results show men and women make more errors (men: 58.7%; women: 63.2%) than winners (men: 41.3%; women: 36.8%), and this difference increases as the importance of the points increases in men’s padel; however, the opposite happens in women’s padel. Trays and smashes are the most characteristic last shots in men’s and women’s padel (hits with which more winners are achieved), followed by back wall shots (shots where more errors are made) and then drive and backhand volleys. In men’s padel there are more winning shots and fewer errors than in women’s padel, except in the golden points, where men make more errors than women. These considerations are of great importance, as they help the players to know the most effective way to finish points according to the situation of the game.

Professional padel tennis: Characteristics and effectiveness of the shots played to the fence

Padel tennis is played on different surfaces and the padel tennis court is made of different materials. This influences how the ball can be played back after it hits or bounces on them. The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of shots played to the fence in professional padel tennis. A total of 489 shots to the fence played by the 8 best pairs (16 male and 16 female players) competing in an international professional tournament were recorded. Using an observational methodology, variables such as the distance of the shot to the net, the side of the court from which the shot was played, the trajectory of the shot and the type of shot were analysed and compared according to gender and effectiveness. The results showed that in women's padel, the overhead shot was significantly more used to play the ball to the fence (48.4%) as compared to men's padel (39.9%), where volleys were significantly more used (39.5%) as compared to women's padel (30.5%). Crosscourt shots were significantly more effective (24.2%) than the down the line ones (16.8%). Groundstrokes were the strokes which produced significantly higher number of winners (25.2%) as well as errors (31.1%). As the distance to the net increased, the effectiveness of the shot played to the fence significantly decreased. These data can serve as a reference for padel players and coaches when planning training sessions adapted to the characteristics of the competition.

Effectiveness of goalball athletes throwing in the Chilean National League

Goalball is a collective Paralympic sport with oppositional characteristics but without invasion by the athletes that, despite requiring great physical condition in offensive and defensive actions, is also identified as a tactical sport, where the administration of technique in the various game situations determines success in competition. The objective of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of the attack of the Chilean National Goalball League, according to type of shot and trajectory. Four Goalball matches of the final phase of a national tournament were filmed. For this, a digital camera was used behind an arch located in height. The matches were analyzed following the diagrams proposed by Morato et al. (2016) and Morato (2012). The front throw (FRO) was used the most (88.9%) with an effectiveness rate of 6.2%. Longer trajectories were made in short diagonals (SD) and parallel (PA) (31.3% and 23.2%, respectively). The FRO throw was directed in SD (34.5%) and PA (22.4%), while on the other hand, the spinning throws (SP) were directed preferably in PA (30.4%) and SD (29.1%). The FRO throw was more effective in PA (10.6%), whereas the SP throw was more effective in the middle diagonal (MD) (12.5%). The lateral positions execute throws, preferably FRO, but in defense the central positions are protagonists. Throws are most effective when they are directed in PA and SD.

The Quiet Eye durations of air pistol shooting athletes

Background: The Focusing the attention during the preparation period undergone immediately before carrying out a motor performance is vitally important for success. Visual ability, Quiet Eye and focusing the attention on the appropriate area play a critical role in achieving successful performance in branches of sport. Quiet eye (QE) is defined as the final fixation of the pupil on a location or object for a specific motor task. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the durations of effective and final focusing (quiet eye) carried out during the process of taking aim at the target by air pistol shooting athletes with their eyes immediately before taking a shot. Methods: A total of 8 right-handed male licensed pistol shooting athletes (4 novice and 4 elite) participated in the research. A total of 320 shots -160 dry (unscored) and 160 live (scored) shots were taken by the novice and elite athletes. For the purpose of recording pupil movements and quiet eye durations during the shots taken by the athletes, an eye-tracking device attached to the head was used. The recorded data were examined with iMotions computer software, which can perform biometric analysis. The athletes’ quiet eye durations occurring when taking aim at the target were examined according to athletes’ characteristics (novice and elite) and the type of shot carried out (scored and unscored) by means of the independent samples t-test. Results: The findings of the study revealed that the athletes had 25.3% longer quiet eye durations when firing scored shots than when firing unscored shots (p = .000). Especially, novice athletes exhibited 37.8% longer periods of focusing behaviour when firing scored shots than when firing unscored shots (p = .000). Elite athletes displayed 21.26% longer periods of focusing behaviour when firing unscored shots compared with novice athletes (p = .005). Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it can be said that in the sport of air pistol shooting, giving priority to dry shooting training and conducting special exercises for developing quiet eye (QE) duration can contribute positively to the development of novice athletes’ shooting skills. Keywords: Quiet eye, eye tracking, air pistol, shooting, motor skill, cognitive processes

BERBANTUAN YOUTUBE SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DAN METODE TUTOR SEBAYA (PEER TUTORING) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR KOMPOSISI FOTO DAN VIDEO (TYPE OF SHOT)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="fontstyle0"&gt;Abstract: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="fontstyle2"&gt;The purpose of this study was to improve the Learning Achievement of Photo and Video Composition (Type of Shot) students of class XI Production and Broadcast Television Program (PSPT) SMK Negeri 1 Bangil, peer tutoring learning methods and assisted by YouTube as a learning medium with 32 students as the&lt;br /&gt;subject. .&lt;br /&gt;This research is a classroom action research conducted in two cycles with the stages (1) initial design, (2) observation, (3) reflection, and (4) revised design. Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that there is an increase in learning achievement of the Composition of Photos and Videos (Type of Shot) with peer tutoring and assisted by YouTube as a learning medium, namely in cycle I with an average of 68.91 and students. 22 students (68.76%) experienced mastery learning with a value&amp;gt; 70. Whereas in cycle II with an average of 82.97 and students who complete learning as many as 28 students (87.50%), thus the peer tutoring method and assisted by YouTube as a learning medium can improve the learning achievement of Photo and Video Composition ( Type of Shot) students of class XI Production and Broadcast Television Program (PSPT) SMK Negeri 1 Bangil and can be used in other schools on different subjects.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="fontstyle0"&gt;Keywords&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="fontstyle1"&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="fontstyle3"&gt;Youtube, Peer Tutoring, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="fontstyle3"&gt;Photo and Video Composition ( Type of Shot)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Effect of Ball Screen and One-on-One on the Level of Opposition and Effectiveness of Shots in the ACB.

In light of the importance of shots on the final result in basketball matches, this research aims to reveal the predictive ability of variables associated with different game actions (ball screen, one-on-one near the basket and one-on-one far away from the basket), shot zone (near to or far from the basket) and players’ position (outside or inside) of the success of shots and of the type of shot, defended or not defended, in three seasons (2014 to 2016) of the Copa del Rey in the ACB (Asociación de Clubes de Baloncesto) League in Spain. Observational methodology was used, and an ad hoc instrument was created using Lince software. The study was conducted on a total of 7695 game actions, of which an analysis of 877 shots was made using CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection) classification trees. The results obtained in this research have led us to the following conclusions: (a) the most important variable in the success of shots is to find “open shots”, regardless of the game action, (b) one-on-one actions outside and inside the zone have a clear connection to the finishes of the plays and end up in defended shots, (c) shots by ball screen lead to more open shots than in one-on-one and (d) play with passes may facilitate to find “open shots”. These results can be of interest for coaches to prepare their teams in the best possible way, but they must be interpreted with caution as the sample was very specific (Copa del Rey in the ACB League) and, therefore, it is necessary to continue investigating this topic in other competition contexts.

Notational analysis of beach handball

PurposeOne factor affecting successful performance in beach handball is the efficiency of shootings. As only few studies evaluated gender-related differences in shooting performance, the aim of this study was to analyse variations of shooting efficiency between males (M) and females (F) during beach handball matches.MethodsNine matches were analysed. Overall, there were 559 (M: 353; F: 206) shots, of which 54.7 ± 9.4% were successful and 19.9 ± 7.1% were goalkeepers’ saves. Type of shot, shooting area, and goal area were recorded. Percentages of differences between genders were also computed. Players’ efficiency was calculated as (frequency of goals*100)/frequency of shots. Goalkeepers’ efficiency was calculated as (frequency of goalkeepers’ saves*100)/frequency of shots. Gender differences were ascertained by Pearson’s chi-squared test for independence with Bonferroni corrections. Statistical significance of the results was accepted at &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05.ResultsNo statistically significant gender differences were found for any parameter. Goalkeepers were most efficient (M: 23.0 ± 6.1%; F: 25.9 ± 18.0%) when receiving inflight shots. The most frequent shooting area was the front (M: 328 shots; F: 194 shots) and most shots reached lower corners of the goal (M: 139 shots; F: 77 shots).ConclusionsNo differences between genders were found during semifinal and final phases of the tournament. Notational analysis proved to be a valuable tool for better coaching through the interpretation of shots in beach handball and it may be useful to examine all the aspects related to shooting, such as the shooting area and the goal area.

Orijinal Netflix dizisi “Dark” örnekleriyle görsel-işitsel metinlerde çokkipli metin çözümleme (çevriyazı) yöntemi

Çokkipli metin çözümlemesi görsel-işitsel ürünleri çeviri amaçlı incelediğimiz ve çözümlediğimiz bir yöntemdir. Çeşitli düzgülerin bir araya getirerek oluşturduğu görsel-işitsel ürünlerde kiplikler çok önemli bir rol oynar. Bir anlatıda görüntü, imge, sembol, hareket, karakterlerin duruşu veya beden dili, çekim türü, renk, müzik ve diğer tüm ögeler sözel göstergelerle aynı anlam yaratma potansiyeline sahip kipliklerdir. Hepsinin bir arada bulunuşu ve kipliklerin etkileşimli ortaklığı, birbirini bütünleyerek anlamı oluşturur. Görsel-işitsel çeviride kiplikleri çözümlemek ve anlam bileşenlerinin farkına varmak, görsel-işitsel çeviri eğitimi alan öğrencilere ve çevirmenlere bütünsel ve işlevsel bir bakış açısı kazandırmaya yardımcı olur. Görsel-işitsel çeviride kiplikleri çözümlemek, bir taraftan bütünsel ve işlevsel bir bakış açısı kazandırmaya yardımcı olacağı gibi diğer taraftan altyazı, dublaj, voice-over özellikle sesli betimleme gibi görsel-işitsel çeviri türlerinde farklı veriler sunarak, çevirinin dilsel boyutundan öteye taşınması açısından önemlidir. Çokkipli çevriyazı yöntemi ile çalışmak ve görsel-işitsel metinleri çözümlemek çevirmen adaylarının temel edinçlerine yenilerini katar, görsel-işitsel çeviri edincini geliştirir. Bu çalışmada çokkipli çevriyazı yönteminin görsel-işitsel metinlerde nasıl uygulandığı betimlenerek gösterildi. Netflix’te yayımlanan Almanca “Dark” dizisinden birkaç sahne bu yöntemle çözümlendi ve görsel-işitsel bir metni bütün bileşenleriyle kavramanın çeviri açısından önemi tartışıldı. Bunun sonucunda bu yöntemin görsel-işitsel çeviri eğitiminde uygulanabileceği görüldü.

Epidemiology of Injuries in Elite Badminton Players: A Prospective Study.

To determine the incidence and characteristics of injuries in elite badminton players over a competitive season. Prospective cohort study. The French National Institute of Sport, Expertise, and Performance (INSEP). Twenty international elite badminton players. The type, the location, the occurrence of the injury (match or training), the footwork type, the type of shot, and the perceived fatigue were collected. Injury incidence rates were calculated per 1000 hours of play (Hop). Thirty-five injuries were collected over 10 210 hours of player exposure with an overall incidence rate of 3.4 injuries per 1000 Hop, with higher incidence during matches than training (11.6 vs 2.08; P < 0.05). Lower-limb injuries (LLI) were the most frequent (54.3%) especially on the foot (22.9%), and upper-limb injury rate (37.1%) was higher compared with previous studies. The most common type was musculotendinous injuries (51.4%). The smash and the lunge were the most frequent causes of upper-limb injury and LLI, respectively. Injuries occurred mostly during the first third of play (46.2%). This is the first prospective study to investigate badminton injuries among international badminton players. Further studies are needed to confirm our results on larger samples.