Types Of Retailers Research Articles

Challenges and Changes to the Product Development Process for Fashion Omnichannel Retailers

This paper focuses on the relatively limited research activity for Fashion Product Development (FPD). This work aims to challenge the traditional FPD theoretical process model within existing academic literature and presents a revised version which is underpinned by the concept of “robust management” derived from the New Product Development (NPD) literature and industry discussion. This new theoretical process model is a more accurate reflection of current practice within the fashion industry. The development of this research is influenced by critically investigating the product development process used by high street omnichannel retailers that develop “own label” fashion clothing, and which distribute products through high street stores and online sales channels as well as having integrated or overlapping service domains. The research examines the process inputs and outputs as well as the planning and management of the process overall and in so doing intends to capture the holistic nature of current industry FPD for omnichannel retailers. The empirical research proceeded using a qualitative approach using semi structured indepth interviews conducted with key informants from market leading retailers. The major findings of the research indicate that a new theoretical contribution to the academic literature field of FPD may be appropriate. The work illustrates the current product development process, documenting the challenges, changes and solutions that have influenced it, specific to omnichannel retailers, whilst identifying the links and parallels from NPD process model structures. This research explores the necessity of product development theoretical models that are specific to business and retail types within the fashion industry and contributes to the nascent theory that has a specific focus on fashion product development.

AN OVERVIEW OF RETAILERS: BUSINESS MODELS, TRENDS, AND IMPACT ON CONSUMER MARKETS

This paper provides an overview of retailers, exploring their diverse business models, prevailing trends, and significant impact on consumer markets. Retailers play a pivotal role in the distribution and sale of consumer goods and services, bridging the gap between manufacturers and end consumers. The study delves into various types of retailers, from brick-and-mortar stores to e-commerce giants, highlighting their distinctive characteristics and approaches. Moreover, it examines the latest trends in the retail industry, such as omnichannel strategies, personalized customer experiences, and sustainability initiatives. By analyzing the evolving landscape of retailers and their strategies, this paper elucidates the profound influence of retailers on consumer behavior, market dynamics, and the broader economy.

Penegakan Hukum Pidana terhadap Penjualan Bahan Bakar Minyak Eceran secara Ilegal

The limited number of fuel filling stations (SPBU), the distance traveled and the time needed to get to the gas station, emergencies requiring fuel, plus wishes. Some people who prioritize time effectiveness and practicality are the reasons some people are reluctant to queue at gas stations. This then becomes a lucrative business opportunity and becomes additional income for some people to sell retail fuel using used plastic bottles which are sold on the side of the road. The types of retail fuel that are traded include Premium, Solar, Pertalite, to Pertamax. Basically, retail oil business activities, if you do not have a business license, can be punished according to the provisions of Article 53 of Law Number 22 of 2001 concerning Oil and Gas Earth. This type of legal research is normative legal research. The nature of the research in this study is analytical descriptive in nature. The type of data used in this research is library research. Judging from the legal factor, Law Number 22 of 2001 concerning Oil and Gas and its implementing regulations have correctly stipulated the rules for the legal distribution of fuel; law enforcement factors, namely the police are not running optimally because until now there has been no report regarding the illegality of retail fuel sales; the factor of facilities or facilities that support law enforcement is not running as it should because the law enforcement process that was initiated by complaints and reports related to the illegality of Retail BBM has not occurred; and community factors that prioritize the practicality of obtaining fuel oil (BBM) including corrupt cultural factors between consumers, Pertamini entrepreneurs, and unscrupulous staff at Fuel Filling Stations (SPBU) which also support the existence of illegal Pertamini. The effort to overcome the legality obstacle is the issuance of regulations that open opportunities for the sale of gasoline on a small scale to the general public through Regulation of the Downstream Oil and Gas Regulatory Agency Number 6 of 2015 concerning Distribution of Certain Types of Fuel Oil and Types of Fuel Specially Assigned to Areas where there are no distributors . Efforts to overcome legal awareness are repressive efforts through criminal liability and the application of criminal sanctions that violate the provisions of Article 23 of the Oil and Gas Law.

Exploring the Presence and Type of Premium Cigar Retailers With Neighborhood Sociodemographic Correlates in the United States, 2019-2021.

Little is known about the location and store type of premium cigar retailers in the United States. Different store types may expose people to secondhand smoke (eg, cigar bar or lounge) and may also have age restrictions (eg, tobacco shops) that could reduce youth exposure to products and marketing. We obtained a national retailer dataset from the Premium Cigar Association (PCA) from 2019 to 2021. We coded store type using nine categories and used generalized estimating equations to examine associations between census tract sociodemographic characteristics and PCA store type. Of the 1279 PCA retailers, the majority were cigar stores (39%), followed by tobacco shops (26%), cigar bars or lounges (20%), and beer, wine, or liquor stores (15%). Overall, there were no statistically significant associations between tract-level sociodemographic characteristics and the odds that a retailer was a specific store type versus another store type. However, PCA retailers located in tracts with a higher percentage of non-Hispanic Black residents were associated with 1.12 times the odds of being a cigar bar or lounge versus another type (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.22). The majority of PCA retailers are specialty cigar stores or cigar bars or lounges, and few are more traditional tobacco retailers, such as convenience stores. We document a higher odds of a store being a cigar bar or lounge for retailers located in neighborhoods with a higher proportion of Black residents, which may contribute to inequities in tobacco-related disease and disability because of potentially greater secondhand smoke exposure. Specialized retailers account for most premium cigar stores. One in five PCA retailers was a cigar bar or lounge, which raises public health concerns around exposure to secondhand smoke for patrons and employees. Local jurisdictions should examine zoning ordinances in tandem with sociodemographic characteristics to ensure inequities in the location of cigar bars or lounges are not produced or sustained given the potential harms associated with secondhand smoke exposure.

Does e-shopping increase walking time willingness to reach in-store locations? Exploring the spatial effects

ABSTRACT The studies analyzing the relationships between e-shopping and transport mostly ignore the effects in active mobility. This paper complements current research by studying how e-shopping affects individual walking time willingness to reach daily and non-daily retail opportunities, taking the city of Zaragoza, Spain as a case study. First, a questionnaire is administered, followed by a generalised ordered logit regression model analysis. Then, a gravity-based model is used to compare present walking accessibility levels to retail with an exploratory 2030 scenario based on the regression results. The results indicate a positive association between the frequency of e-shopping and the individual time willingness to reach daily and non-daily retail on foot. They also show that high-educated people tend to have lower time-willingness to reach both types of retail. For non-daily retail, women shopping online are more likely to spend more time on walking, while having children under 12 years old and having a car are negatively associated with walking time-willingness. The exploratory 2030 scenario shows a relevant increase of walking accessibility to daily and non-daily retail. The paper closes with a discussion on how the obtained findings can provide guidelines to improve policies that promote walking and active lifestyles.

Changes in retail tobacco product sales and market share among retail payroll establishments in the U.S. Economic Census between 1997 and 2017

The tobacco industry spends the vast majority of their marketing and promotional budget at retail outlets. However, few studies have used publicly available data to examine trends in the number and types of retail establishments where tobacco products are sold. Using the U.S. Economic Census for 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017 (the latest year), we examined the number, type, and sales of payroll establishments selling tobacco products. Nine store types accounted for 94% – 99% of tobacco product sales between 1997 and 2017. Gas/convenience stores had the greatest market share (33% – 49% of tobacco sales). The number of warehouse clubs selling tobacco quadrupled; however, market share only increased from 9.6% to 10.3%. Supermarkets experienced the largest decrease in percent of stores selling tobacco. Pharmacy tobacco sales increased in 2012 then decreased in 2017; per store sales volume more than doubled between 1997 and 2012. Online shopping accounted for less than 1% of the market share between 1997 and 2012, but rose to 6.3% in 2017. Between 1997 and 2017, consumers shifted where they purchased tobacco products. Declining tobacco sales in supermarkets is a promising trend for consumers seeking healthy food without exposure to tobacco product marketing; however, the consistently large number of tobacco retailers, and thus widespread tobacco availability, is concerning. Consumer tobacco purchase changes over time support the case for point-of-sale policies that affect different retail types, including pharmacy bans, to reduce tobacco retailer density. Additionally, the rapid shift to online tobacco purchasing in 2017 identifies a new target for enhanced regulation and enforcement.

Stability of Carotenoids in Sweet Corn: Part 1. Evaluation of Postharvest Handling and Domestic Cooking

Sweet corn is a rich source of dietary carotenoids. In this study, the effects of postharvest handling and cooking on carotenoids in sweet corn were investigated. The fresh bicolor sweet corn was harvested from the field, which was processed into samples that represented the two major retail types (farmers market and grocery store) and two common cooking methods (boiling and steaming). Both free and bound forms of carotenoids were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and LC–MS. Nine carotenoids were identified, with lutein and zeaxanthin being the predominant ones. The postharvest handling and cooking either did not change or reduced the free carotenoids but increased the total bound carotenoids. The total carotenoids in all processed samples were not altered or slightly decreased. The percentages of total bound carotenoids in total carotenoids increased in all processed and cooked samples. The changes of individual carotenoids depended on the processing/cooking methods and the chemical structures.

Revelation mechanism and decoy strategy for a supply chain with consumer's perceived substitutability

The decoy effect has been proven to be effective in simplifying choice and improving consumer outcomes in a regular choice context. This paper examines two decoy strategies in the presence of the consumer's perceived substitutability, namely decoy low-quality product strategy in a mixed bundling (strategy DL) and decoy high-quality product strategy in a mixed bundling (strategy DH). The manufacturer offers a menu of contracts to induce the retailer to report the information truthfully and choose one of the decoy strategies. Under symmetric information, we find that: (i) if the unit production cost of a high-quality product is low, the manufacturer and the retailer benefit more from strategy DL; otherwise, they benefit more from strategy DH. By investigating asymmetric scenario, we find that: (ii) under both strategies, the high-type retailer has no incentive to report wrong information while the low-type retailer may distort information, and both types of retailers have incentive to opt for a wrong strategy; (iii) under asymmetric information, the manufacturer is willing to design a menu of wholesale price-order quantity contracts to induce the retailer to report true information and opt for a correct strategy, and information asymmetry decreases the wholesale prices but increases the order quantities. Finally, we examine the impact of some key factors on the manufacturer's strategy choice and find that: (iv) if the high type consumer's perceived substitutability is low, the manufacturer will induce strategy DH; otherwise, the manufacturer will induce strategy DL; (v) when high-quality product's quality is high, the manufacturer will induce strategy DL if the probability of the low-type is low; otherwise, the manufacturer will induce strategy DH. When high-quality product's quality is low, the manufacturer benefits more from strategy DH.

Enabling Politeness: Perfumers and Male Self‐Fashioning in Britain, c. 1750–1800

AbstractPerfumers have long been associated with the manufacture and sale of cosmetic products for women in the eighteenth century. This article argues, however, that the place of perfumers as retailers of goods for men has been overlooked and that they were, in fact, key enablers in the construction of polite masculinity. In so doing, it also raises broader questions about the gendering both of particular types of retail and of shop spaces.

Mobile devices usage in retail settings: gender and generation preferences

PurposeThe tendency shows that more customers will bring and use their mobile devices in-store. This study proposes a further analysis of the complementary role of the mobile device in an in-store purchase providing a characterisation of those customers and analyses their usage preferences and behaviour intentions, presenting new insights concerning gender and generation preferences.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative research with customers of electronic stores was conducted based on a questionnaire applied at the store’s exit. To assess the differences between genders and among generations were used the parametric T-Test and one-way ANOVA.FindingsThe results demonstrate divergencies between generations when using mobile devices. In addition, they indicate that males have more intention to manage shopping tasks efficiently and consequently are less affected by in-store marketing stimuli and less predisposed to impulse purchases.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough real customers participated, a convenience sample was used. The results should be compared with research on other retailer types. The customer shopping motivations and the types of mobile device usage should be further investigated since they can change the experience and the retailer’s outcomes.Practical implicationsContributing to related specific research areas such as shopping behaviour and technology in retail settings by showing the usage preferences, the study also provides information for retailers, especially those needing to approach the Gen Z customers, improving the development of strategies.Originality/valueThis research explores further the complementary role of the mobile device in an in-store purchase. By conducting the study in a new setting, it brings new insight into a less explored, yet important sector.

Contexts shaping misdemeanor system interventions among people with mental illnesses: qualitative findings from a multi-site system mapping exercise

BackgroundPeople with mental illnesses are disproportionately entangled in the criminal legal system. Historically, this involvement has resulted from minor offending, often accompanied by misdemeanor charges. In recent years, policymakers have worked to reduce the footprint of the criminal legal system. This paper seeks to better understand how misdemeanor systems intervene in the lives of people with mental illnesses.MethodsSystem mapping exercises were conducted with misdemeanor system stakeholders from the jurisdictions of Atlanta, Chicago, Manhattan, and Philadelphia. Narrative detail on decision-making and case processing, both generally and in relation to specific types of behavior, including trespassing, retail theft/shoplifting, and simple assault, were coded and analyzed for thematic patterns. Based on the qualitative analysis, this paper offers a conceptual diagram of contexts shaping misdemeanor system interventions among people with mental illnesses.ResultsAll four sites have been engaged in efforts to reduce the use of misdemeanor charges both generally and in relation to people with mental illnesses. Decision-makers across all sites experience contexts that shape how, when, and where they intervene, which are: (1) law and policy environments; (2) location of the behavior; (3) expectations of stakeholders; (4) knowledge of mental illnesses; and (5) access to community resources. Law and policy environments expand or constrain opportunities for diversion. The location of offending is relevant to who has a stake in the behavior, and what demands they have. Clinical, experiential, and system-level knowledge of mental illnesses inform a chain of decisions about what to do. The capacity to address mental health needs is contingent on access to social services, including housing.ConclusionPeople making decisions along the criminal legal continuum are critical to illuminating the dynamic, inter-related contexts that facilitate and frustrate attempts to address defendants’ mental health needs while balancing considerations of public safety. Multi-sector, scenario-based or case study exercises could help identify concrete ways of improving each of the contexts that surround whole-of-system decisions.

Pandemic pricing: Evidence from German grocery e‐commerce

AbstractThe sudden demand spike for online grocery purchases during the Covid‐19 pandemic and supply bottlenecks caused by disrupted global value chains put immense pressure on prices. We analyze the prices of the largest German online grocers to test how these challenges affected prices during the first wave of the pandemic. Using a large dataset of online price quotes, we shed light on the magnitude of price changes across retailer types, product categories, and stages of the pandemic. We show that online prices went up as the intensity of Covid‐19 containment measures increased. The magnitude of price increases was heterogeneous across retailers and product categories: pure online retailers showed a lower price response compared to hybrid stores, while the prices of essential food items such as baby foods and pantry products increased more than those of other product categories or beverages. [EconLit Citations: E31, Q31].

‘Stimuli Are All Around’—The Influence of Offline and Online Servicescapes in Customer Satisfaction and Repurchase Intention

In the last decade, multichannel retailing has grown at a significant rate, especially in emerging markets such as Indonesia, where retailers have embraced multichannel marketing to heighten the customer shopping experience. Improved servicescape—the environment where services are provided and where interaction with customers occurs—may help enhance the customer experience. While the role of servicescapes has been analyzed in online or offline contexts previously, this research adopts a multichannel view and pioneers the investigation of the interplay of offline and online (mobile app) servicescapes and their effect on customer satisfaction, as antecedents of repurchase intention, among three types of Indonesian retailers. The study analyzes data from N = 171 Indonesian multichannel customers who have shopped in physical stores and via the store’s mobile app. The results show that ambient conditions are the strongest predictor of perceived quality of offline servicescape, whereas store layout and functionality are the strongest predictor of perceived quality of online servicescape. Both online and physical perceived quality of servicescapes predict customer satisfaction, with the latter having a stronger effect on satisfaction. The study offers practical recommendations for retailers seeking to improve loyalty and customer retention.

수정 IPA를 활용한 와인 공급업체 선정기준에 관한 탐색적 연구

This study was designed to explore wine supplier selection criteria and identify their implicitly derived importance and performance using the revised importance-performance analysis. This study then examined if these results are different based on wine retailer types (on-premise vs. off-premise). For on-premise wine retailers, price competitiveness was found to be the most important factor that wine suppliers have to focus on. In contrast, for off-premise wine retailers, product quality and salesperson expertise were revealed to be important factors that should be concentrated by wine suppliers. In addition, product availability was located in the area of “possible overkill” for both on-premise and off-premise wine retailers. This implies that wine suppliers outperformed to accommodate many different wine products. Based on our findings, several important implications are discussed.

Molecular identification of critically endangered European eels (Anguilla anguilla) in US retail outlets.

The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) has declined by over 90% since the early 1980s and has been listed as critically endangered. Yet, despite strict export bans from the European Union, the European eel is still sold illegally in many countries. Efforts to monitor the trade of European eels have been primarily concentrated in Asian markets where concerningly high rates of European eel have been reported. Comparably fewer studies have assessed the identities of eel samples from the United States (US), despite the obvious implications for eel conservation. To address this knowledge gap, we purchased 137 eel products (134 freshwater eels and three saltwater eels) from grocers, sushi bars, and restaurants in nine states across the US from 2019 to 2021. Seven samples (5.2%) labeled as freshwater eels (or "unagi") were identified as European eels using a combination of mitochondrial (cytochrome b) and nuclear (18S rRNA) restriction digestion assays, a fast and inexpensive molecular tool for seafood identification that can identify hybrids between European eels (A. anguilla) and American eels (A. rostrata). No hybrids between European and American eels were found and all seven samples identified with restriction digestion as European eels were confirmed by sequencing of cytochrome b and 18S rRNA. Frequency of European eels in US markets did not significantly correlate with state or retail type. Although illegal eel exports are likely reaching US consumers, the frequency of European eel samples in this study of the US market is much lower than found in other non-European countries.

AN ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF POST-HARVEST LOSSES OF CUT-FLOWERS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

The study was conducted to quantify the post-harvest losses (PHL) of cut-flowers atvarious levels of market intermediaries’ i.e. farm, commission agent, wholesale market and retaillevels. Primary data were collected from district Kasur, Lahore, Sheikhupura, and Faisalabad. Therespondents were selected by employing the stratified random sampling technique. SPSS was used forthe descriptive statistics and multiple regression model analysis for econometric estimation. Theeconometric estimation revealed that variable of education, experience, floriculture area, pickingmethod; picking time and extension services had a significant impact on losses on farm level, whereaseducation and infrastructure showed a significant effect on losses at a commission agent level. Thedeterminants of PHL at the wholesale level were experience, loading method, and cold storage,transportation while education, unsold quantity, retailer type, kind of shop and storage place had asignificant effect on losses at the retailer level. Proper training and scientific knowledge should begiven to traders regarding storage, grading, handling, displaying and processing of flowers. The studysuggests adopting a scientific approach to minimize these losses.

Reproduction of city blocks while creating a comfortable urban environment

Urban planning and the creation of a comfortable green environment are two integral components of sustainable urban development. Modern cities face many challenges related to pollution, limited resources and lack of space. However, the creation of a green environment and sustainable urban development can help solve these problems. In addition, sustainable urban planning aims to create compact and convenient urban environments. This approach allows reducing traffic flows, using less energy and resources for the construction and operation of urban infrastructure facilities. One example of such urban planning is urban blocks. Urban blocks is an urban planning concept that involves the creation of compact and multifunctional city blocks that combine residential, office, retail and other types of real estate. This concept is designed to improve the quality of life of citizens, create a more sustainable urban environment and reduce traffic flows. Thus, urban blocks and green urban planning have much in common and complement each other. In this article, we will consider the issues of reproduction of urban blocks in construction, their differences from other forms of urban development, as well as what benefits they provide for residents and urban infrastructure in general.

Food safety knowledge, needed and trusted information of pork consumers in different retail types in Northern Vietnam

IntroductionFood safety is an important public health concern globally. Risk communication is one of crucial element to manage food safety. While current food safety studies have focused on contamination of hazards or risk factors, limited research exists on consumer concerns, knowledge and perception about the actual risk food poses to their health. This study aimed to assess and compare the knowledge and perceptions regarding food safety, and the information needed and trusted by pork consumers in Northern Vietnam.MethodsA total of 225 consumers recruited from three different market types: modern urban, traditional urban and traditional rural, were interviewed using a questionnaire between November to December 2019.ResultsThe majority of participants (81.8%) were female and consumers interviewed at modern urban retail were younger than those interviewed at traditional retail settings (p < 0.01). Sixty-five percent of participants across the three retail types agreed that microbes were the most common hazards which can make them sick, but the adverse health effect due to chemical hazards was ranked higher than that of biological hazards. Most participants often received food safety information that was about animal diseases (such as African swine fever most recently), chemical contamination and the unknown origin of food rather than about food poisoning and measures to prevent it. Food safety messages from television and professional experts were the most trusted sources and consumer preference was for information about the origin of food (traceability) and how to choose safe food. Participants were willing to receive food safety information daily to weekly. A lack of perception and awareness about animal welfare related to pig farming or slaughtering was reported by most respondents (84.3%).DiscussionThese findings provide insight on Vietnamese consumer knowledge gaps, information demand and communication channels for food safety, so that risk communicators and managers can implement better food safety awareness campaigns and communication to consumers.

Study and Evaluation of Sales and Marketing Strategies of Grocery Shops in Jabalpur City

Recent interest in “marketing techniques” has intensified the emphasis on temporary changes in retail types such as malls, hyper/supermarkets, grocery stores, department stores, discount stores, and convenience stores. This research found that four marketing elements, namely product, price, location, and promotion, have a major impact on modern marketing and customer satisfaction. Following a brief analysis, this paper aims to evaluate retailers’ effective marketing strategies and apply them across new retail formats to improve their sales. The marketing strategy and the actions of the Retailers differ from one location to another. There is a common belief that persons with varying levels of income live in different regions. This research was undertaken to determine the variations in the marketing strategies of grocery store owners because of variations in locations, or rural areas cantered on this presumption. For the thesis, grocery store owners of numerous Jabalpur city locations are considered. The areas were chosen based on the living area of a specific income group of people. Expected Outcome: The retailer can leverage the study for effective marketing. The study will help to do smart marketing for the retail industry.

Green supply chain coordination model under environmental impact and conformance quality sensitive consumer demand

AbstractConsidering the financial coordination and investment cost sharing between the members, this paper studies the conformance quality improvement, carbon reduction, and green marketing optimal decisions of a green supply chain composed of one manufacturer and multiple retailers. The retailer is either cash‐strapped, cash‐rich, or both. By using the Stackelberg game method, we obtain the equilibrium results of the game in the three cases. The results show that financial coordination should be implemented between the manufacturer and the three types of retailers. However, only with the second type of retailer can cost‐sharing increase the profitability of both sides.