Types Of Retail Stores Research Articles

Classified Spatial Clustering and Influencing Factors of New Retail Stores: A Case Study of Freshippo in Shanghai

The diversified innovative strategies adopted by the new retail format in urban spaces have significantly driven retail transformation and innovation. The combination of online platforms and physical stores provides a substantial advantage in market competition. This paper takes “Freshippo”, a typical representative of China’s new retail, as an example. Based on multi-source data and using tools such as GIS spatial analysis, statistical analysis, and geographical detectors, this study comprehensively examines the spatial clustering characteristics and influencing factors of Freshippo physical stores in Shanghai. The findings show that Freshippo has significantly expanded in the Shanghai fresh food market by innovatively opening various types of stores. However, there are substantial differences in the proportions of different types of stores, with 94% of the stores having online retail capabilities. Each offline store in the new retail format presents a multi-level “complementary” spatial distribution feature across the urban space, with distinctive clusters in the urban central districts, urban periphery areas, and outer suburban districts. The radiation range of logistics and distribution services exhibits characteristics of “central agglomeration and multi-point distribution”, providing residents with diverse and accurate services. Additionally, the comparison of multiple model results shows that the location selection of various types of new retail stores is significantly influenced by multiple factors, especially the nonlinear amplification effect of factor interactions on store agglomeration. These findings provide an important scientific reference for understanding the development of new retail formats and offer new ideas that promote the transformation and innovation of the retail industry, thereby achieving sustainable development.

Comparative Study on the Challenges of Distribution of Finished Goods to Customers in Different Types of Retail Stores

The study was undertaken as qualitative research. The purpose of this study is to compare the channels chosen by retailers to distribute goods to the final consumer. For the purpose of the study 3 different kinds of retails stores were chosen to understand their distribution of goods to the final customer. The retail stores chosen were Malls, Kirana stores and a cloth shop. The method of research was by interview method. The variables chosen for the study were types of channels, channel management, hybrid channels which were independent variables, and the dependent variable was creation of value. Five major questions were asked based on the value creation challenges retailers face in distribution management. From the study it was understood that retailers choose hybrid channels for distribution of goods to the final consumer to enhance the value.

Consumer perception of food value: A comparative study of global supermarkets and local farmers' markets in Slovakia

Abstract The paper explores how Slovak consumers perceive the value of food, sold by different retail formats (especially farmers’ markets and supermarkets), in terms of the quality, price, and healthiness. The aim of this paper is to evaluate consumer perceptions regarding global and local types of retail stores where they buy food most frequently. In the study, the segmentation of consumers by generation, income, and type of residence is provided. From the methodological point of view, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests are used to test hypotheses. According to the sample of respondents (n = 1,004), large-scale stores do not offer healthier and higher-quality food. This perception, however, varies based on the income of the consumer groups. On the other hand, respondents perceive that food sold at farmers’ markets is healthier and of higher quality than food in conventional stores. They do not perceive that food sold at farmers’ markets is cheaper than food in conventional stores.

Differences in Bacterial Communities of Retail Raw Pork in Different Market Types in Hangzhou, China.

Pork is widely consumed globally, and pigs' microbiota can potentially harbor foodborne pathogens. Contaminated pork in retail markets poses significant implications for food quality and safety. However, limited studies have compared pork microbiomes in various marketing environments. In this study, we utilized traditional microbial culture methods and high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing to assess pathogen contamination and bacterial diversity in raw pork samples purchased from farmers' markets and two types of supermarkets (upscale and ordinary) in Hangzhou, China. Traditional microbial plate cultures identified E. coli and Salmonella spp. in 32.1% (27/84) and 15.5% (13/84) of the collected pork samples, respectively. Moreover, 12 out of 13 Salmonella strains were found in farmers' markets. The MIC results indicated a high prevalence of MDR strains, accounting for 51.9% in E. coli and 53.8% in Salmonella. The prevalence of NaClO tolerant strains was 33.3% and 92.3% for E. coli and Salmonella, respectively. Sequencing results indicated significantly higher microbial diversity in farmers' market samples compared to supermarket samples. Farmers' market pork samples exhibited a greater abundance of Acinetobacter, while Pseudomonas and Brochothrix were predominant in supermarket samples. The total abundance of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria was also higher for the farmers' market samples. Cross-contamination during market trading was evident through a high correlation between bacterial abundance in pork from different stalls within the same farmers' market. PICRUSt2 analysis identified significant differences in the average proportions of genes for carbohydrate, energy, and lipid metabolism from the farmers' markets, suggesting an exacerbation of microbial metabolic activity and increased perishability of pork in this environment. In conclusion, this study revealed variations in the characteristics of raw pork bacterial contamination across different types of retail stores, as well as differences in the composition and diversity of their respective bacterial communities.

Retailers’ perspectives on the prevention of underage tobacco and electronic nicotine delivery system sales

Background: Tobacco retailers have an important role to play in reducing access to tobacco among youth, but in the USA, their role has become more complicated because of recent developments in policies and industry, such as the Indiana Tobacco-21 law and the rising popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) products. This study aimed to explore Indiana retailers’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to the prevention of underage sales of tobacco and ENDS products and identify retailers’ needs for further education and training. Methods: The study involved a secondary analysis of anonymous cross-sectional data from the 2020 Indiana Tobacco Compliance Survey conducted by the Indiana Division of Mental Health and Addiction (DMHA). Managers and owners of retail stores who sold tobacco or ENDS products (i.e., large corporate-owned stores and smaller venues such as tobacco shops, vapour shops, and convenience stores) were eligible for inclusion. Records of retailers’ tobacco certificates were utilised for random sampling. Subgroup comparisons were conducted using chi-square tests. Results: The survey sample ( n = 102) included participants from all 10 DMHA planning regions in Indiana and all types of tobacco retail stores. Many retailers did not know about or understand the negative impacts of ENDS products on young people or existing regulations to minimise these impacts and the Indiana State Tobacco-21 law. Retailers in larger stores had a greater objective knowledge and reported more frequent prevention programme utilisation than smaller stores (e.g., by means of ‘We Card’). Conclusions: Underage tobacco sale prevention procedures varied significantly, but resources such as ‘We Card’ and ‘This is Our Watch’ were more popular than alternatives. Retailers reported a need for more convenient education and training options on how to check photo identification and refuse sales to minors.

Customer satisfaction of twin city shoppers: With respect to services of various retail store types

India is a land of increasing retail opportunities. The retailers have realized that creating superior customer service is the key for their success. The challenge to the retailer is not only to satisfy the customers, but also to offer various additional services to the customers. In this situation, well carved-out marketing design is essential to have a customer-centric approach. But, since the retailing is yet to take its final shape, they are to be proactive in identifying the customer satisfaction and conduct an analysis to measure the same across various dimensions. On the other hand, customers are also demanding more than what the retailers can provide. In this backdrop, this paper attempts to study the customer satisfaction in the perspective of twin city shoppers of various retail store types.

Analysis of the purchasing decision-making process in e-commerce using SED Method from Neuromarketing

The important global advance in digital transformation, together with the effects of the pandemic experienced worldwide, have allowed a great growth of electronic commerce (e-commerce), providing people with various benefits such as greater convenience in the purchase of products and/or services, the experience of quoting in different types of retail stores, choosing payment methods and opting for timely deliveries. Companies and entrepreneurs, for their part, have had the opportunity to exhibit and offer their products/services digitally, achieving a great impact on sales. This work analyzes the behavior of a group of consumers in decision-making processes for e-commerce purchase, using Neuro marketing tools and techniques, considering certain learning styles present in the process. The methodology used is mixed and exploratory, qualitative and quantitative, using non-traditional Neuro-marketing tools such as EEG, supported by traditional surveys. The results obtained show that, regardless of gender, the person is constantly making decisions, since the frontal lobe was the one that presented the greatest brain activity in almost all cases, associated with behavioral control, planning, attention and thought. However, sometimes the final purchase decision did not always refer to the consumer's unconscious, but in some other times it was triggered by the influence of factors such as price, means of payment and/or promotions. This was reflected in the stage of evaluation of alternatives, through the activation of the right prefrontal lobe in a device different from the one finally chosen. An interview conducted at the end of the experiment allowed to validate the result from the electroencephalography.

Weighted Centrality and Retail Store Locations in Beijing, China: A Temporal Perspective from Dynamic Public Transport Flow Networks

The spatial relationship between transport networks and retail store locations is an important topic in studies related to commercial activities. Much effort has been made to study physical street networks, but they are seldom empirically discussed with considerations of transport flow networks from a temporal perspective. By using Beijing’s bus and subway smart card data (SCD) and point of interest (POI) data, this study examined the location patterns of various retail stores and their daily dynamic relationships with three weighted centrality indices in the networks of public transport flows: degree, betweenness, and closeness. The results indicate that most types of retail stores are highly correlated with weighted centrality indices. For the network constructed by total public transport flows in the week, supermarkets, convenience stores, electronics stores, and specialty stores had the highest weighted degree value. By contrast, building material stores and shopping malls had the weighted closeness and weighted betweenness values, respectively. From a temporal perspective, most retail types’ largest correlations on weekdays occurred during the after-work period of 19:00 to 21:00. On weekends, shopping malls and electronics stores changed their favorite periods to the daytime, while specialty stores favored the daytime on both weekdays and weekends. In general, the higher store type level of the shopping malls correlates more to weighted closeness or betweenness, and the lower-level store type of convenience stores correlates more to weighted degree. This study provides a temporal analysis that surpasses previous studies on street centrality and can help with urban commercial planning.

Comparative Analysis of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emission of Diesel and Electric Trucks for Food Distribution in Gowanus District of New York City.

New York City’s food distribution system is among the largest in the United States. Food is transported by trucks from twelve major distribution centers to the city’s point-of-sale locations. Trucks consume large amounts of energy and contribute to large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, there is interest to increase the efficiency of New York City’s food distribution system. The Gowanus district in New York City is undergoing rezoning from an industrial zone to a mix residential and industrial zone. It serves as a living lab to test new initiatives, policies, and new infrastructure for electric vehicles. We analyze the impact of electrification of food-distribution trucks on greenhouse gas emissions and electricity demand in this paper. However, such analysis faces the challenges of accessing available and granular data, modeling of demands and deliveries that incorporate logistics and inventory management of different types of food retail stores, delivery route selection, and delivery schedule to optimize food distribution. We propose a framework to estimate truck routes for food delivery at a district level. We model the schedule of food delivery from a distribution center to retail stores as a vehicle routing problem using an optimization solver. Our case study shows that diesel trucks consume 300% more energy than electric trucks and generate 40% more greenhouse gases than diesel trucks for food distribution in the Gowanus district.

The Association between E-Cigarette Price and TV Advertising and the Sales of Smokeless Tobacco Products in the USA.

This study aims to examine how e-cigarette prices and advertising, key determinants of e-cigarette demand, are associated with the demand for smokeless tobacco (SLT) products in the US. Market-level sales and price data by year (2010–2017), quarter, and type of retail store were compiled from Nielsen retail store scanner database. E-cigarette TV advertising ratings data were compiled from Kantar Media. Four-way (market, year, quarter, store type) fixed-effect models were used to estimate the associations between e-cigarette price and TV advertising and sales of SLT products (chewing loose leaf, moist snuff, and snus). Our results showed that a 1% rise in own price was associated with a reduction in sales by 1.8% for chewing loose leaf, 1.6% for moist snuff, and 2.2% for snus, respectively. In addition, a 1% rise in disposable e-cigarette price was associated with 0.3% and 0.6% increased sales for moist snuff and snus, respectively. The association between e-cigarette TV advertising and SLT product sales was not significant. Our results suggest that disposable e-cigarettes and certain SLT products (moist snuff and snus) are potential substitutes. Policies aiming to regulate e-cigarette use and sales need to consider their potential link with the demand for SLT products.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF RETAIL STORE TYPES IN THE CONTEXT OF REGION AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR

The aim of the article is to analyze the prevalence of retail stores in Latvian regions and consumer behavior in Latvia. The authors have analyzed the prevalence of largest retail stores in regions and consumer behavior in retail using available statistical data and research done by the authors. As a result of the study, the role of shop assistants was determined during the purchasing process, and the results of the study have been compiled from the viewpoint of generations. These results can help retail companies to work more effectively by choosing the most appropriate retail store types

Healthiness of foods and non-alcoholic beverages according to store type: A population-based study of household food and drink purchases in New Zealand

BackgroundObesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for the largest proportion of disease burden worldwide, and an unhealthy food environment is a key driver. Food retailers play an important role in food environments through the availability and purchases of healthy food products at various stores.ObjectivesTo assess whether the healthiness of food and non-alcoholic drink product purchases vary according to retail store type.MethodsWe undertook a cross-sectional analysis of Nielsen New Zealand Homescan® panel data, which is a nationally representative sample of 2500 households in terms of certain key household demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Panel members were asked to record all food and beverage products that were purchased and brought back to the home between October 2018 and October 2019. Household food and non-alcoholic drink purchases were linked with two food composition databases (Nutritrack, a New Zealand packaged food composition database, and the FOODfiles New Zealand Food Composition Database) to extract data on the nutrient profile of products purchased. We developed a store classification tool, and classified stores as supermarkets, grocery stores, convenience stores, fruit and vegetable stores, meat and fish stores, or bakeries. We estimated the Health Star Rating (HSR) for all products and defined a product with HSR ≥ 3.5 as ‘healthy’. We computed estimated mean HSR and conducted multivariate regression analyses.ResultsIn total, 3,940,458 product purchases were included in the analyses, consisting of 20,491 unique products purchased at different stores over the one-year period by 1800 panellist households. Supermarket products made up the majority of household food and drink purchases (3,545,141 of 3,940,458; 90%). Overall, the estimated mean HSR was 3.5 stars. In comparison to the reference group of supermarkets, the odds ratio for healthy products purchased at fruit and vegetable stores was 4.62, at grocery stores it was 2.36, and at meat and fish stores it was 1.99. In contrast, the odds ratios from convenience stores and bakeries were 0.58 and 0.03. Except for convenience stores, these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05).DiscussionWe found significant differences in household purchases of healthy food and beverages according to food retail store type, with healthier food much more likely to be purchased from fruit and vegetable stores, meat and fish stores and grocery stores, and much less likely to be purchased from bakeries and convenience stores as compared with supermarkets.ConclusionPolicies to improve healthy food retailing should consider all retail store types and focus particularly on increasing the availability of healthy food options at convenience stores and bakeries. Given that supermarkets are the source of most household food purchases (both healthy and unhealthy), strategies are also warranted to increase the relative availability and purchases of healthy foods from supermarkets.

Survey of Salmonella in raw tree nuts at retail in the United States.

The objective of this survey was to estimate the prevalence, contamination level, and genetic diversity of Salmonella in selected raw, shelled tree nuts (Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios, and walnuts) at retail markets in the United States. A total of 3,374 samples of eight tree nuts were collected from different types of retail stores and markets nationwide between September 2015 and March 2017. These samples (375 g) were analyzed using a modified FDA's BAM Salmonella culture method. Of the 3,374 samples, 15 (0.44%) (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.25, 0.73]) were culturally confirmed as containing Salmonella; 17 isolates were obtained. Among these isolates, there were 11 serotypes. Salmonella was not detected in Brazil nuts (296), hazelnuts (487), pecans (510), pine nuts (500), and walnuts (498). Salmonella prevalence estimates in cashews (510), macadamia (278), and pistachios (295) were 0.20% (95% CI [<0.01, 1.09]), 2.52% (95% CI [1.02, 5.12]), and 2.37% (95% CI [0.96, 4.83]), respectively. The rates of Salmonella isolation from major/big‐chain supermarkets (1381), small‐chain supermarkets (328), discount/variety/drug stores (1329), and online (336) were 0.29% (95% CI [0.08, 0.74]), 0.30% (95% CI [0.01, 1.69]), 0.45% (95% CI [0.17, 0.98]), and 1.19% (95% CI [0.33, 3.02]), respectively. Salmonella prevalence in organic (530) and conventional (2,844) nuts was not different statistically (P = 0.0601). Of the enumerated samples (15), 80% had Salmonella levels ≤0.0092 most probable number (MPN)/g. The highest contamination level observed was 0.75 MPN/g. The prevalence and contamination levels of Salmonella in the tree nuts analyzed were generally comparable to previous reports. Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis, serotype, and sequencing data all demonstrated that Salmonella population in nuts is very diverse genetically.Practical ApplicationThe prevalence, contamination level, and genetic diversity of Salmonella in eight types of tree nuts (3,374 samples collected nationwide) revealed in this survey could help the development of mitigation strategies to reduce public health risks associated with consumption of these nuts.

Digital atmosphere of fashion retail stores

This study sheds light on a prominent issue in retailing: how the digital atmosphere can affect the consumer decision-making process in a fashion retail store. Digital devices and services such as digital screens and digital signage are widely employed in fashion retail stores, transforming the way consumers make decisions about purchasing fashion products. This research investigates how the digital atmosphere affects consumers’ purchase behavior patterns based on the attention-interest-desire-search-action-share (AIDSAS) model. The findings show that attention is a key antecedent to interest, desire, and behavioral responses (search, action, and share) triggered by the digital atmosphere. The findings further suggest that attention has significantly positive effects on consumers’ purchasing patterns of utilizing the digital atmosphere in two types of fashion retail stores: sports and luxury stores. However, we find that these positive effects are more pronounced for sports retail stores than luxury retail stores. This research contributes to understanding consumer behavior related to the digital atmosphere of fashion retail stores by applying the AIDSAS model and helps uncover the stepwise relationships between attention to the store atmosphere-interest/desire and the products-behavior response. These findings have practical implications that can be applied in the fashion industry.

Perfect Order and Its Components: Application for Deliveries of Fast Moving Consumer Goods to Retail Stores

The perfect order concept is traditionally used to measure logistics performance, but the conventional assessment of the perfect order from the perspective of the “in-time, in-full and error-free” trinity is no longer viable today. This paper aims to make a modest contribution to creating a novel understanding of the perfect order concept. Based on the primary survey in 132 Czech retail stores, the authors identify the key components that constitute a perfect order fulfilment of fast moving consumer goods to retail stores, namely reliability, collaboration, extra adaptation, ordering, and promotion. Subsequently, it was discovered that there are the differences in the influence of the identified components depending on the retail store type. Retail stores in the sense of drugstores regard extra adaptation and promotion as being the more important components compared to retail stores specialising in food products. Independent retail stores regard collaboration and promotion as being much less important components compared to retail stores that form part of a retail chain. Ordering is a more important component for small retail stores compared to large retail stores. Retail stores located in a capital city and in towns representing the centres of individual regions regard collaboration and extra adaptation to be the more important components compared to retail stores located in small towns. Research results support perfection in measuring logistics performance and make it possible to improve retail store operation.

Retailer Compliance with State and Local Policies on Tobacco Advertising

Objectives: In this study, we assessed factors associated with retailer compliance with state and local government policies targeted at tobacco retail advertising in Massachusetts. Methods: Primary data collection was from 419 retail stores across 42 selected municipalities. Multi-level Bayesian logistic regression models assessed the relationship between retailer compliance and the comprehensiveness of local tobacco control policies; we also examined the number of tobacco ads, retail store type, and municipality-level socioeconomic and demographic factors. Results: Retail stores were fully compliant with state laws. At 92%, compliance with local tobacco advertising regulations was also high; a few retail stores advertised and sold flavored tobacco products and discounted tobacco products below the listed price. Retail stores with more tobacco ads and lower municipality-level smoking prevalence were less likely to be compliant with local tobacco advertising regulations relative to retail stores in other municipalities. Conclusions: Findings reveal a high degree of compliance with state and local tobacco advertising regulations in Massachusetts. State law in Massachusetts does not preempt local ordinances adopting more stringent tobacco control policies. Other states may exhibit similar levels of compliance should they follow Massachusetts example in allowing municipalities to adopt and enforce regulations that improve retail store compliance, hence limiting tobacco retail advertising.

Digital promotional strategies for multi-brand retail fashion stores in India

Technology has the ability to heavily influence marketing theory and customer’s choice while shopping. This research takes reference from David McClelland’s Three Need Theory, (1960) of Power, Affiliation and Achievement, which encourages the marketers to continuously frame their strategies to gain a wider view of the target population and maximize their profits. The big question is: what should be the approach of using the digital promotional tools for different types of retail stores, including both new entrants and existing players, based on their target population from varied income groups? This paper targets to answer these questions.

Quantification and rep-PCR characterization of Salmonella spp. in retail meats and hospital patients in Northern Thailand.

Human salmonellosis is a major public health problem worldwide. Infections can pass to humans by contact with contaminated substances in the food chain. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and contamination levels of Salmonella isolated from pork, chicken and beef sold in different types of retail stores in Chiang Mai and Lamphun provinces and to investigate the genetic relatedness among Salmonella isolates in food chains in that area. A total of 360 meat samples from supermarkets, mini-grocery stores and fresh markets were obtained. Salmonella Rissen and S. Weltevreden were found in all meat sample types and in human cases. The overall prevalence of Salmonella in the chicken, pork and beef samples was 34.17%, 32.50% and 3.33%, respectively. Quantitatively, Salmonella contamination was highest in pork (1.24log10 MPN/g), followed by chicken (1.08log10 MPN/g), and beef (0.75log10 MPN/g). The highest frequency of Salmonella contamination was found at the fresh markets (85.71%), whereas the highest quantity of contamination level was from mini-grocery stores (1.27 log10 MPN/g). The rep-PCR analysis results revealed that some of the Salmonella from meat samples and human cases were identical clones.

The location of retail stores and street centrality in Guangzhou, China

Transportation networks have a profound influence on the location of retail stores, but there has been little research on the relationship between the location of retail stores and street centrality in traditional commercial metropolises. Based on three indices, namely, closeness, betweenness, and straightness, in a multiple centrality assessment (MCA) model, we analyzed the location of various retail stores and street centrality in Guangzhou using points of interest (POI) and street network data. The results show that street centrality in Guangzhou has a large impact on the location of retail stores and that different store types have different centrality orientations: (1) The location of all retail stores correlates most highly with betweenness, followed by closeness and straightness. (2) Shopping malls favor street centrality most, followed by convenience stores, specialty stores, textile and clothing stores, supermarkets, building material stores, and traditional grocery stores. (3) Apart from traditional grocery stores, which are weakly correlated with street centrality, shopping malls and convenience stores value locations with better closeness, while the other retail store types tend to distribute in areas with better betweenness. Our findings can help guide urban planners in designing commercial activity zones and transportation networks.

Washington State Spirits Privatization: How Satisfied were Liquor Purchasers Before and After, and by Type of Retail Store in 2014?

ABSTRACTBackground: In 2012 Washington State ended a wholesale/retail monopoly on liquor, permitting sale of spirits in stores with > 10,000 square feet. Implementation resulted in average price increases, but also five times the stores selling liquor. Objectives: As part of a privatization evaluation, we studied pre-post and between-store-type purchase experiences. Methods: A 2010 Washington State Liquor Control Board (LCB) survey of liquor purchasers (n = 599), and the 2014 baseline of a repeated telephone survey (1,202 residents; n = 465 purchasers), each included 10 LCB questions on satisfaction with purchase experiences, each attribute with graded response scale A = 4 to D = 1 and F (0 = fail). Analyses used t-tests for satisfaction differences by time and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 2014 between-store satisfaction-level differences. Results: Five purchase features were rated more favorably after privatization (ps < .05–.001), including product supply, staff professionalism, location convenience, store hours, and prices (though price rated lowest both times); selection offered, courtesy, and checkout speed were unaltered, and number of staff and staff knowledge declined (both p < .001). Eight consumer experiences differed by store type: five satisfaction aspects (supply, selection, number of staff, operating hours, and checkout speed) were highest for liquor superstores, while location convenience favored grocery and drug stores, and price satisfaction favored wholesale (Costco) stores, with staff knowledge highest at liquor stores. Conclusions: Satisfaction with liquor purchases increased after privatization for half the consumer experiences. Availability (location convenience and store hours) was important to liquor purchasers. Such results are relevant to sustained support for the policy of privatizing spirits retail monopolies.