Types Of Rechargeable Batteries Research Articles

Comparison of SoC in Ni-MH and Lithium-Ion Battery for E-Vehicle

The current energy side of the battery is indicating in a percentage level is called state of charge (SOC). Nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion batteries are a type of rechargeable battery. The chemical response at the positive electrode in nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries is like that in nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries, as both use nickel oxide hydroxide NiO(OH). However, while NiCd cells use cadmium, NiMH batteries feature a hydrogen-absorbing alloy in their negative electrodes. NiMH batteries provide two to three times the capacity and a significantly higher energy density compared to NiCd batteries of the same size. The research was mainly focused on the aspect of SoC of Ni-MH and Lion batteries with operation of an electric vehicle with total weights of 600 kg was investigated using MATLAB/Simulink.

Emerging trends and innovations in all-solid-state lithium batteries: A comprehensive review

All-solid-state lithium batteries, which utilize solid electrolytes, are regarded as the next generation of energy storage devices. Recent breakthroughs in this type of rechargeable battery have significantly accelerated their path towards becoming commercially viable. Nevertheless, the development of such devices is impeded by various obstacles, including limitations in ion transfer capability, interfacial hurdles, and chemical and electrochemical stability. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in all-solid-state lithium-based batteries. The main emphasis is on the fabrication techniques, novel solid electrolytes, and the application of advanced cathode and anode materials to expedite research and development in this field. Moreover, the feasibility of large-scale manufacturing of solid-state batteries has been evaluated. Finally, the most practical and effective approaches for the advancement of these batteries have been proposed and examined.

Design of SEPIC Converter for Battery Charging System using ANFIS

Rechargeable batteries are the most widely used medium for storing energy today. One type of rechargeable battery that is widely used is lithium-ion batteries. The large use of lithium-ion batteries in society requires companies to conduct research so that the life time of these batteries can last a long time and charging can take place quickly. Charging system at this time is less efficient in charging lithium batteries where the time needed is still quite long where when lithium batteries are charged with a long time can cause the battery to heat up quickly and can reduce the life time of the battery. To overcome this, a system is needed that can control the battery charger process so that the output voltage and current are constant and battery charging is faster. It is hoped that the SEPIC converter system can help many people who forget to unplug the power supply during the charging process so as to maintain the life time of the battery. Setting the output voltage and current in the DC-DC converter can be done using an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System which aims to keep the output of SEPIC stable according to the setting point. In this system, the DC-DC converter used is a SEPIC converter which can increase and decrease the output voltage for battery charging. The battery charging process uses the CC-CV method. In the test, the average error is 0.025% where when the SOC is 60% to 80% the average error is 0.04% and when the SOC is 80% to 95% the average error is 0.0005%.

In‐depth analysis of the power management strategies in electric vehicles

AbstractIn electric vehicles, the battery is a key component that calculates vehicle performance. Due to their greater efficiency and the lower cost of power, charging an electric vehicle is more affordable than purchasing gasoline or diesel for travel needs. To increase the battery's lifespan, the accuracy of the battery model for electric vehicles must be enhanced. To operate at their peak efficiency, batteries must be managed properly by a battery management system. This research illustrates the functioning of a rechargeable electric vehicle battery's charging system. There are several types of rechargeable batteries used, including lead acid, lithium‐ion, and nickel‐cadmium batteries. In recent trends, are used in the majority of cars use rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries. In general, accumulated heat, rapid utilization, and total energy throughput have an impact on the battery life of electric vehicles. In this study, 50 papers were analyzed about battery charging in an electric vehicle, which utilized different measures, as well as achievements attained by various methods. This survey reviewed the information from a different journal, along with their advantage, disadvantages, and challenges. The review lays the groundwork for future researchers to gain a deeper understanding of electric vehicles by offering a thorough interpretation of the methods currently in use.

Experimental and Theoretical Aspects of MXenes-Based Energy Storage and Energy Conversion Devices

Transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes) have become an appealing framework for developing various energy applications. MXenes with van der Waals (vdW) interactions are facile, highly efficient, affordable, and self-assembled features that improve energy density. MXenes exhibit large surface area, high electric conductivity, and excellent electrochemical characteristics for various energy applications. This review summarizes and emphasizes the current developments in MXene with improved performance for energy storage or conversion devices, including supercapacitors (SCs), various types of rechargeable batteries (RBs), solar cells, and fuel cells. We discuss the crystal structures of MXenes properties of MXenes and briefly discuss them for different types of energy applications. Finally, the critical outlook and perspective for the MXene progress for applications in energy applications are also described.

COMPARISON ON STUDY OF LITHIUM ION AND LEAD ACID CHARGING AND DISCHARGING CHARACTERISTICS

A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery which uses the reversible reduction of lithium ions to store energy. It is the predominant battery type used in portable consumer electronics and electric vehicles. Energy density: 250–693 Wh/L (0.90–2.49 MJ/L) Specific energy: 100–265 Wh/kg (0.360–0.954 MJ/kg) Charge/discharge efficiency: 80–90% Cycle durability: 400–1,200 cycles Self-discharge rate: 0.35% to 2.5% per month depending on state of charge Specific power: c. 250–340 W/kg Lithium batteries, as opposed to alkaline, are capable of giving off a strong energy surge after a long period of low discharge. This makes them ideal for fire alarms. Alkaline batteries provide good, long-term power, but they lose strength over time. On the other side , the Lead acid battery are inexpensive compared to newer technologies, lead–acid batteries are widely used even when surge current is not important and other designs could provide higher energy densities. Energy density: 80–90 Wh/L Nominal cell voltage: 2.1 V Self-discharge rate: 3%–20%/month Specific energy: 35–40 Wh/kg Charge temperature interval: Min. −35°C, max. 45°C Charge/discharge efficiency: 50%–95% Cycle durability: <350 cycle In order to observe the characteristic nature of Lead acid & Lithium ion battery , a review is made on the subject using Matlab Simulink and Simscape.

Rechargeable Oxide Ion Batteries Based on Mixed Conducting Oxide Electrodes

AbstractMixed conducting oxides are frequently studied as electrode materials for solid oxide fuel or electrolysis cells. However, in principle their ability to change stoichiometry depending on the oxygen chemical potential also enables charge storage typical for battery electrodes: Formally neutral oxygen can be incorporated by annihilating oxygen vacancies and creating electron holes, similar to the incorporation of lithium in lithium ion battery electrodes. Electrodes with different reducibility should thus allow operation of an oxide ion battery. This is exemplified for perovskite‐type La0.6Sr0.4FeO3−δ (LSF), La0.5Sr0.5Cr0.2Mn0.8O3−δ (LSCrMn), and La0.9Sr0.1CrO3−δ (LSCr) electrodes with blocked oxygen surface exchange. Cells with thin film electrodes are prepared by pulsed laser deposition on yttria stabilized zirconia electrolytes. Charge/discharge cycles and impedance measurements are performed on half cells between 350 and 500 °C and related to the materials defect chemistry. Electrode capacities of up to 350 mA h cm−3 and <0.25 % capacity loss over 19 cycles are measured at potentials between 0.2 and −1.1 V versus O2 at 1 bar. Full cells with LSF cathodes and LSCrMn anodes are successfully operated at 350 to 400 °C with electrode related energy densities up to 70 mW h cm−3, coulomb efficiencies >99 % and good cycling performance. This novel type of rechargeable battery may open further application fields such as elevated temperatures (>200 °C), where common cation‐based cells are not applicable so far.

The Effect of Adding Nanoparticles from the Synthesis of Arc Discharge on the Performance of Lithium Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery. A lithium-ion battery consists of several components, such as electrodes (anode and cathode), separators, and electrolytes. One factor that can affect a battery's performance is the quality of the electrodes. The commonly used anode consists of graphite powder. Currently, there is nanotechnology, namely the application of technology to make materials on the nanoscale (1-100 nm). The advantage of nanoparticle technology is its openness to be combined with other technologies, opening up opportunities to produce more perfect delivery systems. In this research, the production of lithium-ion batteries was carried out by adding nanoparticles as an anode. The nanoparticles used result from arc discharge synthesis with varying currents of 40A and 70A. The test results show that current variations in the arc-discharge synthesis process in the manufacture of lithium-ion battery anode nanoparticles affect the performance of lithium-ion batteries. Batteries using 70A nanoparticle anodes have a higher specific capacity than batteries using 40A nanoparticle anodes during chargedischarge. However, the specific capacity of the battery with nanoparticle anode is lower than that of the battery with graphite anode. When charging, the time needed for a battery that uses a 70A nanoparticle anode is shorter than a battery that uses a graphite anode and 40A nanoparticles. When discharging a battery that uses a 40A nanoparticle anode has a shorter time compared to a battery that uses a 70A nanoparticle and graphite anode.

Grid-Grade Rechargeable Batterie and Predication in Future

China is in a period of the energy transition; more renewable energy is used to replace coal which has caused more and more environmental issues. Researches on energy storage play a significant role in the government’s future sustainable development plans. In this article, four types of rechargeable batteries’ characteristics will be explored and their applications for grid-scale energy storage. The Lithium-ion battery is the most well-established with the less exploring room one. Then Nickel-metal hydride battery, due to the complexity of its reaction condition and electrode materials, still retains room for exploration after decades of development. Mn-Cu battery and Mn-H battery have the shortest development cycle and are mostly still in the experimental research stage. The rechargeable battery is one of the most promising energy storage technologies in the future, but there are many kinds of rechargeable batteries, only part of which can be applied to hydropower storage. In this article, four types of rechargeable batteries are listed in different development stages. By analyzing and comparing their performance, the feasibility of grid-level energy storage is summarized, and the future development direction of them is predicted.

A review on biomass-derived N-doped carbons as electrocatalysts in electrochemical energy applications

The development of biomass-derived N-doped carbonaceous materials as electrocatalysts is of great importance considering their resource abundance in the earth, low price, ease synthesis process, and their electro/chemical compatibility as reaction medium for a wide range of electrochemical energy applications. In the current review, various types of biomass-derived N-doped carbon materials with the combination of heteroatoms (H), transition metals, and conducting polymers are reviewed according to their roles in each application that includes fuel cells, water splitting, batteries, and supercapacitors. The electrocatalytic activity of biomass-derived N-doped carbon materials is discussed based on the key reactions of each application, such as oxygen redox reaction, hydrogen generation reaction, sulfur/vanadium redox reactions and so on. For example, oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts can be categorized into five types, that is, i) metal-free N doping, ii) metal-free N, H co-doping, iii) metal-free N, H multiple doping, iv) metal-N doping, and v) metal-N, H co-doping. Further, their electrochemical performance is compared with state-of-the-art noble metal-based catalysts including Pt/C and IrO2. The key roles of the biomass-derived N-doped carbonaceous electrocatalysts in various types of rechargeable batteries, meanwhile, are first summarized including metal-air, lithium-sulfur, metal–carbon dioxide, and vanadium redox flow batteries. It is anticipated that this review could not only contribute to the rational design of biomass-derived catalyst synthesis but also boost scientific research efforts in the valorization of biomass-derived resources for the electrochemical energy applications.

Insights into the efficient roles of solid electrolyte interphase derived from vinylene carbonate additive in rechargeable batteries

Formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers lacking of thermal stability in non-aqueous electrolytes of rechargeable batteries is the main bottleneck for their long-life cycling, especially at elevated temperatures. Inclusion of a small dose of functional electrolyte additives into the batteries' electrolyte can be highly beneficial to surmount this issue. Of these additives, vinylene carbonate (VC) has drawn particular attention thanks to its high ability to build protective layers at anodes showing good integrity and outstanding thermal stability. In addition to its primary roles in present-day lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), VC additive has also been examined in other types of rechargeable batteries, including sodium-ion, lithium-sulfur, and potassium-ion batteries. To the best of our knowledge, no effort has been made to provide a survey on VC usage in rechargeable batteries. Herein, we aim to review the recent advances on the application of VC in electrolytes of rechargeable batteries, especially post-LIBs whose future developments rely hugely on finding excellent electrolyte formulations.

Conducting polymers with redox active pendant groups: their application progress as organic electrode materials for rechargeable batteries

This review summarizes the application progress of conducting redox polymers with energy storage capability for different types of rechargeable batteries.

Economic Evaluation of Different Fuels in the Production of La2NiO4 Particles using A Sol-Gel Combustion

Lanthanum nickelate (La2NiO4) is a precursor for producing lanthanum pentanickel (LaNi5) alloys for nickel-metal hydride battery (NiMH; a type of rechargeable battery), which has been developed quite rapidly for many applications, such as Hybrid Electric Vehicles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility of the production of La2NiO4 with different fuels (i.e., glycine fuel (F-G) and citric acid fuel (F-CA)) using a sol-gel combustion method. Several economic evaluation parameters were analyzed, such as gross profit margin, internal rate of return, payback period, cumulative net present value, and so on. The project was evaluated from the ideal condition to the worst-case conditions, including labor, sales, raw material, utility, as well as external conditions (e.g., tax). The results showed that the production of La2NiO4 is prospective from engineering and economic perspectives. The engineering analysis for both production steps using F-G and F-CA is feasible, and the production can be done even in small-scale production using commercially available apparatus. The economic analysis showed that the process using F-CA is better than that using F-G. From this economic evaluation analysis, the project is profitable and the recovery of the investment is less than seven years for F-G and four years for F-CA. Although this project is feasible to run and profitable, it is not attractive to industrial investors due to the fewer values in some parameters. Thus, since this material is very important to reduce dependence on imports, additional further technologies for improving processes and support from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and government are important for maintaining this project.

Impact of Polypyrrole Functionalization on the Anodic Performance of Boron Nitride Nanosheets: Insights From First-Principles Calculations.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have displayed superior performance compared to other types of rechargeable batteries. However, the depleting lithium mineral reserve might be the most discouraging setback for the LIBs technological advancements. Alternative materials are thus desirable to salvage these limitations. Herein, we have investigated using first-principles DFT simulations the role of polypyrrole, PP functionalization in improving the anodic performance of boron nitride nanosheet, BNNS-based lithium-ion batteries and extended the same to sodium, beryllium, and magnesium ion batteries. The HOMO-LUMO energy states were stabilized by the PP functional unit, resulting in a significantly reduced energy gap of the BNNS by 45%, improved electronic properties, and cell reaction kinetics. The cell voltage, ΔEcell was predicted to improve upon functionalization with PP, especially for Li-ion (from 1.55 to 2.06 V) and Na-ion (from 1.03 to 1.37 V), the trend of which revealed the influence of the size and the charge on the metal ions in promoting the energy efficiency of the batteries. The present study provides an insight into the role of conducting polymers in improving the energy efficiency of metal-ion batteries and could pave the way for the effective design of highly efficient energy storage materials.

Parameter Identification and State Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles with Vibration and Temperature Dynamics

There are different types of rechargeable batteries, but lithium-ion battery has proven to be superior due to its features including small size, more volumetric energy density, longer life, and low maintenance. However, lithium-ion batteries face safety issues as one of the common challenges in their development, necessitating research in this area. For the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries, state estimation is very significant and battery parameter identification is the core in battery state estimation. The battery management system for electric vehicle application must perform a few estimation tasks in real-time. Battery state estimation is defined by the battery model adopted and its accuracy impacts the accuracy of state estimation. The knowledge of the actual operating conditions of electric vehicles requires the application of an accurate battery model; for our research, we adopted the use of the dual extended Kalman filter and it demonstrated that it yields more accurate and robust state estimation results. Since no single battery model can satisfy all the requirements of battery estimation and parameter identification, the hybridization of battery models together with the introduction of internal sensors to batteries to measure battery internal reactions is very essential. Similarly, since the current battery models rarely consider the coupling effect of vibration and temperature dynamics on model parameters during state estimation, this research goal is to identify the battery parameters and then present the effect of the vibration and temperature dynamics in battery state estimation.

Recent Advances in Atomic-scale Storage Mechanism Studies of Two-dimensional Nanomaterials for Rechargeable Batteries Beyond Li-ion

Developing new types of rechargeable batteries with high energy densities and low cost have received increasing attentions, aiming to reduce the dependence on high-priced lithium. Beyond Li-ion batteries, the potential alternatives including Na-ion batteries, Li-S batteries and Li-air batteries have been investigated recently, which are required to be viable for commercial applications. From this point of view, to understand the electrochemical reaction mechanisms and kinetics of these batteries has become the key challenge to make breakthroughs in the field of new energy storage. In this review, we present a critical overview of the two dimensional nanomaterials-based batteries (except Li-ion-based batteries) that could meet such demonds. To develop new energy storage devices with more promising performances, the microstructure evolution and atomic scale storage mechanism of these batteries are comprehensively summarized. In addition, the major challenges and opportunities of advanced characterization techniques are finally discussed. We do hope that this review will give the readers a clear and profound understanding of the electrochemical reaction mechanisms and kinetics of the as-discussed batteries, thus effectively contributing to the smart design of future-generation energy storage devices.

Liquid gallium as long cycle life and recyclable negative electrode for Al-ion batteries

Although rechargeable Al batteries attract interests due to their features of abundant Al source and high safety, the Al negative electrodes suffer from critical problems, including dendrite, corrosion, pulverization, non-recyclable Al wastes, etc. For addressing these challenges, here a novel liquid gallium is demonstrated for negative electrodes of Al batteries. The results show that the liquid gallium negative electrode enables the reversible alloying/dealloying between Al and Ga. Remarkably, the essential problems in the solid Al negative electrodes, including dendrite, corrosion and pulverization, would be well avoided attributed to the liquid state of the Ga electrode during cycling. In addition to the enhanced stable cycling performance, Ga negative electrode is also recyclable, allowing the cycled Ga for further presenting stable cycling in the re-assembled batteries, and which is helpful for its practical application. The results in the present work open a precedent way to develop the advanced negative electrode with dendrite-free, corrosion resistant and recyclable features and advantages for various types of rechargeable batteries.

Tunable porous carbon spheres for high-performance rechargeable batteries

A review focusing on the tunable pore structure design, surface chemistry, composition, and electrochemical performances of PCSs in various types of rechargeable batteries in order to provide insight and inspiration for promoting the development of next-generation high-performance batteries.

Reusability Assessment of Lithium-Ion Laptop Batteries Based on Consumers Actual Usage Behavior

In this paper, a data set of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) laptop batteries has been studied with the aim of investigating the potential reusability of laptop batteries. This type of rechargeable batteries is popular due to their energy efficiency and high reliability. Therefore, understanding the life cycle of these batteries and improving the recycling process is becoming increasingly important. The reusability assessment is linked to the consumer behavior and degradation process simultaneously through monitoring the performance of batteries over their life cycle. After capturing the utilization behavior, the stability time of batteries is approximately derived. The stability time represents the interval that a battery works normally without any significant drop in performance. Consequently, the Reusability Likelihood of batteries is quantified using the number of cycles that the battery can be charged with the aim of facilitating future remarketing and recovery opportunities.

Lithium-Sulfur Battery Cathodes with in Situ Polymerized Conductive Polymer Coating

The development of alternative strategies for rechargeable batteries is essential if energy technologies that can displace fossil fuels are to be successful. Among various types of rechargeable batteries, the lithium-sulfur battery is a striking candidate owing to its remarkable theoretical capacity of 1672 mA h/g and theoretical specific energy of 2600 W h/kg. In addition, elemental sulfur is environmentally friendly, inexpensive and abundant. However, lithium-sulfur battery systems containing organic electrolytes show low cycle life due to the fact that sulfur is electronically and ionically insulating. This causes poor electrochemical accessibility and low utilization of sulfur in the electrode. In addition, generation of soluble intermediate lithium polysulfides during discharge causes an irreversible loss of sulfur-active materials during cycling via the shuttle mechanism. Such problems significantly reduce the cycle life of current lithium sulfur batteries. We describe in this work the performance of novel cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries that utilize coatings of the electronically and ionically conductive polymer polythiophene. Composite cathodes are synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization using the well-known Sugimoto–Yoshino method [1]. The conductive polythiophene functions as a conducting additive and as a porous adsorbing agent in the cathode. The PT-coated composites are found to be electrochemically stable within the range of 1.0 - 3.0V versus Li+/Li0,the operating voltage range of lithium-sulfur batteries. A cyclic voltammogram of a cell using the PT-coated composite as the active cathode material, measured at scan rate of 1 mV s-1, is shown in Figure 1. The reduction peak around 2.4 V corresponds to the transformation of sulfur to high-order lithium polysulfides. Reduction of high-order polysulfides to low-order polysulfides and eventually Li2S shows another peak about 1.9 V. The oxidation peak near 2.6 V corresponds to the transformation to lithium polysulfides (Li2Sn, n>2). The function of the PT-coated composite cathodes, their cyclic durability, and their rate capabilities will be compared with conventional cathode materials. Acknowledgement:This work is supported as part of the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. Figure 1: Cyclic Voltammogram of a polymer coated carbon-sulfur active cathode material. Voltammogram is obtained at 1.0 mV s−1. Inset shows the cathode powder with C/S ratio of 1/2 before (Left) and after (right) polythiophene coating. Reference 1) Yoshino, K.; Hayashi, S.; Sugimoto, R. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1984, 23, L89. Figure 1