Types Of Poultry Research Articles

To the prevention of infectious diseases in chickens

Newcastle disease affects birds of different breeds and ages (turkeys, quails, guinea fowls, chickens). Given the possibility of spreading the disease by birds of other species, including migratory birds, it makes more sense to immunize chickens during their long-distance migration. The main measure of disease prevention remains its competent specific prevention with the use of live and inactivated vaccines, as the specialists of the Khankai branch of the Khorol Veterinary Station for animal diseases control told the public. The only way to protect against the disease is to vaccinate all types of poultry.

Development of digestive organs in goslings raised for meat, depending on lithium level in mixed feeds

Recently, the vital necessity of lithium for living organisms has been experimentally proven and also it was previously considered as a conditionally essential trace element. Numerous experimental research conducted on various animals and poultry types have revealed quite wide and diverse properties of lithium, in particular, antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, anti-stress and antioxidant. The discovery of biological properties and the disclosure of biochemical mechanisms of lithium action became the basis for its use in veterinary and zootechnical practice. Lithium preparations are successfully used to treat various animal diseases, prevent and correct “technological” stresses in poultry, increase its productive qualities and improve the quality of meat products. Despite the biochemical complexity and practical significance of this trace element, lithium is still insufficiently used during feeding poultry due to the lack of optimal standards for introducing it into mixed feed. During developing optimal standards for lithium introduction into mixed feed, it is necessary to evaluate not only the indicators of poultry productivity and product quality, but also the physiological indicators of its development. The effect of additives of different lithium doses in compound feeds on the development of digestive organs in goslings raised for meat was studied in a scientific-economic experiment. The research was conducted on the breed of goslings “Danish Legart”. The duration of experiment was 70 days. The lithium introduction into compound feeds for goslings, in doses of 0.15 mg/kg, 0.20 and 0.25 mg/kg, had a positive effect on the development of their digestive organs, as evidenced by the tendency to increase the intestine mass (by 2.2–4.8 %) and its total length (by 0.5–1.1 %), as well as an increase in the liver mass (by 2.0–7.0 %) and muscle stomach (by 3.4–7.3 %). Goslings had the best macromorphological indicators of digestive development, whose mixed feed were enriched with lithium at the rate of 0.15 mg/kg during the entire growing period. A comparison of goslings live weight of the experimental groups with indicators of the development of intestines, liver and muscular stomach allows to claim that their digestive organs were better developed and functioned more actively during the growing period.

Modelling the domestic poultry population in the United States: A novel approach leveraging remote sensing and synthetic data methods.

Comprehensive and spatially accurate poultry population demographic data do not currently exist in the United States; however, these data are critically needed to adequately prepare for, and efficiently respond to and manage disease outbreaks. In response to absence of these data, this study developed a national-level poultry population dataset by using a novel combination of remote sensing and probabilistic modelling methodologies. The Farm Location and Agricultural Production Simulator (FLAPS) (Burdett et al., 2015) was used to provide baseline national-scale data depicting the simulated locations and populations of individual poultry operations. Remote sensing methods (identification using aerial imagery) were used to identify actual locations of buildings having the characteristic size and shape of commercial poultry barns. This approach was applied to 594 U.S. counties with > 100,000 birds in 34 states based on the 2012 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Census of Agriculture (CoA). The two methods were integrated in a hybrid approach to develop an automated machine learning process to locate commercial poultry operations and predict the number and type of poultry for each operation across the coterminous United States. Validation illustrated that the hybrid model had higher locational accuracy and more realistic distribution and density patterns when compared to purely simulated data. The resulting national poultry population dataset has significant potential for application in animal disease spread modelling, surveillance, emergency planning and response, economics, and other fields, providing a versatile asset for further agricultural research.

Decrease of Mycoplasma gallisepticum seroprevalence and introduction of new genotypes in Dutch commercial poultry during the years 2001–2018

ABSTRACT Almost two decades ago, in addition to a compulsory M. gallisepticum (Mg) monitoring programme of breeding stock based on European Union regulations, the Dutch poultry industry added national regulations to further reduce the Mg prevalence in Dutch commercial poultry. Currently, all commercial chicken and turkey flocks except broilers are monitored for Mg. All breeding flocks on a farm where one or more flocks tested Mg positive are culled. Mg positive layer pullets are channelled and layer pullets placed on Mg positive multi-age farms are vaccinated. The monitoring data obtained were analysed covering a period of 17 years. Moreover, 31 Dutch Mg isolates from the same period were analysed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and compared to available PubMLST data. The results show that in breeding stock the seroprevalence decreased from 1.6% to 0.0%, in commercial layers from 6.3% to 1.9%, and in meat turkeys from 17.6% to 2.4%. The MLST results showed the presence of closely related and identical sequence types (STs) within the different Dutch poultry types. Similar STs were found in Northern and Southern Europe only. The results show a fast decline in the Mg prevalence since 2001, although in layers the Mg prevalence has stabilized and suggests backyard poultry might pose a risk for commercial poultry. The need for Mg control across poultry sectors and in trade was confirmed by the similarity in STs found in different types of poultry and regions. These results from the Dutch poultry industry can be extrapolated to Mg control in general.

Detection and correlation between the content of sodium and iodine in pre-packaged foods

To evaluate the present situation of sodium and iodine content and the correlation in pre-packaged foods in the market. After collecting samples from physical and online supermarkets, the contents of sodium and iodine of samples were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, SPSS 26. 0 was applied to analyze the correlation between sodium and iodine and the utilization rate of iodized salt was calculated in pre-packaged foods. Among various types of pre-packaged foods, fish, poultry, meat and egg products sodium(M=884 mg/100 g), iodine(M=40. 5 μg/100 g), preserved foods sodium(M=940 mg/100 g), iodine(M=40. 5 μg/100 g), animal foods sodium(M=786 mg/100 g), iodine(M=34. 9 μg/100 g) were all high in sodium and iodine content. The correlation coefficient of sodium and iodine content in staple and instant foods of animal foods was 0. 730(P<0. 01) and vegetable foods was 0. 777(P<0. 01), the preserved foods of animal foods was 0. 518(P<0. 01) and vegetable foods was 0. 973(P<0. 01). The utilization rate of iodized salt in pre-packaged foods was 88. 46% after removing those samples that could cause the iodine loss, such as baked foods. The sodium and iodine content in pre-packaged foods vary with different categories.

The Status of Livestock of the Inhabitants of the Villages of Seitovo and Timshinyakovo at the End of the 20th Century (Preliminary Results of Study)

The article summarizes and comprehends quantitative data that make it possible to assess the state of livestock in personal subsidiary farms of the rural population in the conditions of the economy of the post-Soviet period. The text analyzes the dynamics of numbers for all types of farm animals and poultry kept in the inhabitants farms of the villages of Seitovo and Timshinyakovo in absolute and average terms (per 1 household). Also, these data are compared with similar indicators for other settlements of the Samsonovo rural administration. In conclusion, it is concluded that in the 1990s among all the settlements of the Samsonovo rural administration, livestock breeding was most developed in the Tatar settlements of Isheevo, Seitovo and Sibilyakovo. In the inhabitants of the village of Timshinyakovo, livestock breeding decreased due to a decrease in the inhabitants.

Analysis of land carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding in China from the perspective of combination of planting and raising

The separation and imbalance of planting and raising are the key issues to be solved urgently in China’s agricultural development. In order to solve these problems, based on livestock manure nutrient supply and crop nutrient demand, this study uses the method released by the National Animal Husbandry Station to calculate and analyze the land carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding in China. The results indicate that, the supply of manure nitrogen from livestock and poultry was greater than that of phosphorus in 2017, there were large differences in the supply of livestock manure nitrogen and phosphorus from different livestock and poultry types and provinces, which was caused by the number of livestock and poultry in slaughtering, stock, breeding cycle, nutrient content of manure and the type in various provinces. The input of nitrogen and phosphorus in crops had exceeded the demand, which verified that it is feasible to reverse the problems of excessive fertilization and low utilization rate by reducing the amount of fertilization and replacing livestock manure with livestock manure. The index of land carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding in China was 0.48 and the number of livestock and poultry that could be carried was 5.921 billion pig equivalents, indicating that China’s land could absorb livestock and poultry manure. In order to promote the combination of breeding and farming and the green development of agriculture, it was proposed to carry out the action of replacing fertilizer with manure for livestock and poultry according to local conditions, formulate a reasonable breeding policy based on the carrying capacity of livestock and poultry and propose countermeasures for coordinated development of planting and breeding.

Multiphasic poultry growth models: method and application

Growth and development are complex phenomena. To date, most growth modeling research has focused on a single growth phase, which is sufficient and useful for describing ad libitum fed animals processed at a prepubertal age, such as broilers or turkeys produced for meat. However, multiphase growth models are necessary to describe and predict growth and further to hypothesize about optimizing growth of reproducing animals such as broiler breeder hens. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate multiphasic models to describe the growth of various types of poultry raised to reproductive age. Coefficients for monophasic, diphasic, and triphasic Gompertz model forms were estimated using a variety of BW trajectories published by primary breeders. The fit of these models was evaluated for a representative laying line hen, broiler breeder hen and rooster, and turkey hen. The coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error, and the Bayesian information criterion were used to evaluate the fit of each model. The diphasic model was found to be the best fit for the turkey hen, while the triphasic model was the most suitable model for all the chicken lines studied. Hypotheses can be formulated based on any of the continuous model parameters, and the resulting BW trajectories can be implemented and evaluated in a systematic way. The biological relevance of the continuous parameters in multiphasic Gompertz models provides an opportunity to implement a robust hypothesis-based approach for future optimization of growth curves.

Dataset on Women's empowerment, land and donor-driven agricultural interventions in Eastern Zambia.

A survey was conducted with 235 randomly selected households to investigate women's empowerment, land and donor-driven agricultural interventions in Eastern Zambia [1] for aid programmes with (Norwegian) and without (Chinese) women empowerment goals. The survey was complemented by six focus group discussions (FGDs) and 12 key informant interviews. A triple-stream approach for focus discussions was used (i.e. women-only, men-only, and mixed gender). The results suggest that despite differing aid programme modalities, there was increased access to, and control over, productive resources by women farmers. At least 60% of the respondents reported joint ownership of all types of livestock and poultry, including large livestock such as cattle. Within households, decisions on cotton, groundnuts, and maize were made jointly by the husband and wife. Greater than 70% of the respondents in both Norwegian and Chinese aided households reported joint decision making by the husband and wife. Although both men and women farmers attended training sessions, the percentage of attending respondents was lower for Chinese-aid affiliated farmers. The majority (81% - Norwegian aid; 89% – Chinese aid) jointly earned and owned the income from cotton. When women entered into contract farming with the cotton company, operations management was performed by the entire household, and the applicable income was considered jointly earned.

Duck production in Ibadan metropolis area of Oyo State, Nigeria

Ducks are domesticated birds that are reared for their meat and eggs like other poultry, but in Nigeria many are yet to see opportunity in duck production as it is less embraced compare to other types of poultry. This is mainly because duck rearing is not economically viable as its eggs and meat are not widely consumed as that of chickens in many homes in the country. On these premises, this study was carried out to investigate duck production in Ibadan metropolis of Oyo State. A random sampling technique was used to select four local governments from the six in Ibadan less city. Thirty respondents were purposively chosen from each selected local government area. The results showed that female dominates duck production and were raised majorly for household consumption. The paper identified restricted market access and non-availability of improved husbandry as major constraint to duck production in the area. The paper concluded that although duck meat has no big market but is widely consumed in rural areas. Thus, rural communities can be encouraged to rear and eat duck, to bridge noticed protein gap in rural communities. In this regard, educating the populace about the significance of duck farming and promotion of research in improved duck husbandry becomes imperative.

Sistem Pakar Diagnosis Penyakit pada Ayam dengan Menggunakan Metode Dempster Shafer

Chicken is one type of poultry that has many benefits, so the chicken can be an option for livestock. This research was conducted to create an expert system that helps provide information to farmers about poultry diseases, especially broilers. This expert system is built on the Android platform and uses the Dempster Shafer calculation method to get the diagnosis of chicken disease. The data used in this study consisted of 38 symptoms and 10 diseases data which were limited to diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. Each symptom has the value of belief given by 3 veterinarians. This study used four types of testing in the form of black-box testing, questionnaire testing, theoretical testing, and accuracy testing. The results of the accuracy testing of the 30 cases given are 92.22% and the system accuracy is 93.33% if the system diagnosis results are assumed to be valid because it is a subsection of expert diagnosis. For questionnaire testing using the MOS, parameters obtained 4.58 results from a scale of 5, as well as theoretical calculation tests that get the same calculation results between the results of expert diagnoses and system diagnoses. Based on the test results, the system built is good and appropriate.

Microbial Community and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Mapping in the Intestinal Tract of Quail.

Simple SummaryQuail is an economically important type of poultry, valued for its high meat quality and abundant egg nutrition. It is also an important laboratory research animal, widely used in developmental biology and toxicology tests. Since the gut microbiota plays a vital role in the host’s growth and health, we investigated the microbiota inhabiting the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colorectum of quail in the present study, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR. The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were evaluated using gas chromatography. We found that the microbiota in the cecum was different from other intestinal sections and the enriched inhabitants of SCFA-producing bacterial genera made cecum the core locations of SCFA production in quail. The results of this study will provide fundamental data for further quail microbiology and functional studies.Quail is raised throughout China for egg and meat production. To deeply understand the gastrointestinal microbial composition and metabolites of quail, the present study characterized the microbiota inhabiting five intestinal locations of eight-week-old quail using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR, and evaluated the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in each individual location using gas chromatography. The results showed that Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Deferribacteres were the five most abundant phyla in the intestinal tract of quail. Firmicutes was largely dominant (>95%) in the small intestine, whereas Bacteroidetes increased significantly in the cecum (19.19%) and colorectum (8.09%). At the genus level, Lactobacillus was predominant in almost all sections (>50%) except in the cecum (7.26%), where Megamonas, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteroides were dominant. qPCR data indicated that the population sizes of both the total bacteria and proportions of the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Bacteroides group increased going from the proximal toward the distal end of the intestine in quail. The SCFA-producing bacterial genera Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Blautia, Parabacteroides, and Clostridium were of higher richness in the cecum and colorectum, where, accordingly, more SCFAs were produced. These findings will be helpful for the future study of quail microbiology, as well as its relationship with productive performance and health.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4 outbreaks in Dutch poultry farms, 2014-2018: Clinical signs and mortality.

In recent years, different subtypes of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses caused outbreaks in several poultry types worldwide. Early detection of HPAI virus infection is crucial to reduce virus spread. Previously, the use of a mortality ratio threshold to expedite notification of suspicion in layer farms was proposed. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical signs reported in the early stages of HPAI H5N8 and H5N6 outbreaks on chicken and Pekin duck farms between 2014 and 2018 in the Netherlands and compare them with the onset of an increased mortality ratio (MR). Data on daily mortality and clinical signs from nine egg‐producing chicken farms and seven Pekin duck farms infected with HPAI H5N8 (2014 and 2016) and H5N6 (2017–2018) in the Netherlands were analysed. In 12 out of 15 outbreaks for which a MR was available, MR increase preceded or coincided with the first observation of clinical signs by the farmer. In one chicken and two Pekin duck outbreaks, clinical signs were observed prior to MR increase. On all farms, veterinarians observed clinical signs of general disease. Nervous or locomotor signs were reported in all Pekin duck outbreaks, but only in two chicken outbreaks. Other clinical signs were observed less frequently in both chickens and Pekin ducks. Compared to veterinarians, farmers observed and reported clinical signs, especially respiratory and gastrointestinal signs, less frequently. This case series suggests that a MR with a set threshold could be an objective parameter to detect HPAI infection on chicken and Pekin duck farms at an early stage. Observation of clinical signs may provide additional indication for farmers and veterinarians for notifying a clinical suspicion of HPAI infection. Further assessment and validation of a MR threshold in Pekin ducks are important as it could serve as an important tool in HPAI surveillance programs.

Poultry litter and liquid swine slurry applications stimulate glomalin, extraradicular mycelium production, and aggregation in soils

In addition to their ability to alter chemical attributes, poultry litter and liquid swine slurry applications in agricultural lands can improve soil physical structure by acting on aggregate formation and stability, in particular via glomalin and extraradicular mycelium production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different rates of poultry and swine manure on microbiological (glomalin and extraradicular mycelium) and physical (aggregation) parameters and to establish a relationship between them. The experiment was conducted in a very clayey Oxisol, in a randomized block design with four replications. The design consisted of a 2 x 4 + 2 factorial scheme combining two types of manure, poultry and swine, at four rates corresponding to 67, 100, 133 and 200% of the amount of nitrogen (N) required for oat crops, as well as two control treatments, where, in one, no N was applied, and, in the second, urea was applied to provide the recommended N rate. After six years with semiannual applications, in no-tillage system, soil samples were collected within 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m depths. Compared with applications of liquid swine slurry, chemical fertilizer or no fertilizer, application of poultry litter, mainly at the 133% N rate, stimulated the production of active and total extraradicular mycelium and total glomalin, and both increased and stabilized the soil aggregates within the 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m soil layers. In both layers, the production of active and total extraradicular mycelium was positively correlated to the formation of aggregates of relatively large diameter (> 8.00 mm) and, consequently, to increases in the geometric and weighted mean diameter. The production of easily extractable and total glomalin was positively correlated with the aggregate stability index and the formation of aggregates with an intermediate diameter (between 1.00 and 8.00 mm). These results indicate that manure application can be used to maintain or improve soil aggregation in addition to chemical fertility, but this benefit depends on the type of the manure used.

Changes in goslings’ blood pattern under the influence of different doses additives of selenium in forages

According to many scientists, the list of trace elements that are currently used in compound feeds for various types of poultry is clearly insufficient. In recent years, applied research has been conducted to determine the physiological needs of poultry for certain mineral elements that perform important biochemical functions in the body. This also applies to such biotic ultramicroelement as selenium. Scientific research of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of physiology, biochemistry, medicine and veterinary medicine has proved that selenium is a trace element with a fairly wide range of physiological and biochemical effects. When developing and theoretically justifying optimal norms for introducing selenium into poultry feed, it is necessary to evaluate not only its productive qualities, but also the blood picture. The question of the influence of selenium on changes in blood parameters in the poultry body is a great theoretical and practical significance because it allows us to expand our knowledge of its biological role and explain the data obtained in experiments. In scientific and economic experience has been studied the influence of additives of different doses of selenium in compound feed on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the goslings' blood raised for meat. During the experiment, feeding of goslings of all groups were carried out with dry feed mixes in accordance with existing norms. The goslings of the first control group did not receive selenium supplementation. The poultry of the second experimental group were additionally fed selenium at the rate of 0.2 mg/kg, the third of 0.3 and the fourth of 0.4 mg/kg. It is established that the additive in the feed of different doses of selenium stimulate hemocytopoiesis are added to different compound feeds, this is achieved by a homogeneous tendency per day, within physiological values in the goslings' peripheral blood number of red blood cells (by 1.7–3.9 %), white blood cells (by 2.1–3.2 %) and hemoglobin (by 2.4–8.6 %). Immune defense mechanisms are activated, which is manifested in an increase in the level of total protein (by 1.4–3.8 %) and the concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood serum (by 3.2–9.7 %). It is found changes in the content of total glutathione and its reduced form in the blood indicate a positive effect of selenium on the non-enzymatic element of the antioxidant defense system of the poultry's body. The addition of selenium to compound feed at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg had a significant effect on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the goslings' blood raised for meat.

Implementasi Forward Chaining dan Metode Simpleks untuk Menentukan Ransum Unggas yang Ekonomis

Poultry need food to maintain their lives and to produce. To meet the needs of these nutritional elements, poultry eat from various types of food. Because there is no single food ingredient that contains a complete nutritional element, so we need a variety of appropriate and balanced food ingredients to meet nutritional needs. This can be done by choosing cheap food ingredients without ignoring the quality of the nutritional content that is adjusted to the type and age of poultry. To solve the above problems, an expert system with a forward chaining method can be used to determine the nutritional needs and nutritional content of food ingredients, while linear programming with the simplex method is used to determine the combination of poultry feed-forming ingredients that meet economical poultry nutritional needs. The combination of the forward chaining method and the simplex method can accelerate the preparation of combinations of food ingredients, so that the resulting application can provide a solution in making decisions for the selection of food ingredients forming ration effectively

HOLONIC CONTROL OF POULTRY HOUSE TRAVELLING HOPPER FEEDERS AND COMPARATIVE COST ANALYSIS

This work is aimed at applying holonic control system to poultry house travelling hopper feeders with the comparative cost analysis. It adopts HCBA which is suitable for controlling the reconfigurable automated processes. The feeder consists of parts for different types of poultry feeds dispensable from the feed reservoirs and carried around by travelling hoppers along the feed carts. The simulations were carried out using MATLAB and SIMATIC software. The responses of the speed of each traveling hopper were determined to be 1.04 sec, 1.91 sec and 0.0841% for rise time, settling time and percentage overshoot respectively. The parameters of the embedded controller in STEP 7 CONT_C FB41 data block translate to a constant gain of 10, integral time constant of 100 ms and derivative time constant of 280 ms. Visual results from the HMI show the system’s ability for customization, cooperation and autonomy for implementation of any poultry feeding program. The cost analysis shows that it is profitable for farm capacity of 10,000 birds and above with low labour cost and average annual energy cost of about N708,000. The feed wastage loss is reduced by 66% while depreciation is 10% as compared to cage system with belted conveyor feeder.

Poultry Farming Practices Affect the Chemical Composition of Poultry Manure and Its C and N Mineralization in a Ferric Acrisol

Industrial poultry farming is a booming sector in Africa. This activity generates a significant amount of manure that could be used to improve crop yields on low-productivity soils. We wanted to characterize the variability in the chemical composition of poultry manure and its ability to release mineral nitrogen when applied to soils compared to other organic sources of nutrients such as cattle manure and human feces. We conducted a survey in 79 poultry farms to characterize their practices such as the type of poultry raised, the type of feed and the bedding litter. Poultry manure, cattle manure and human feces samples were collected and analyzed to determine their chemical composition. An incubation study was conducted with all three types of organic resources for 91 days to measure mineral nitrogen release. We found that agricultural practices explain more than 60% of the chemical composition of poultry manure. Wood chips were the most common bedding litter (77% of cases) and about 70% of farms use industrial poultry feed. Broiler manure contains more C and N than laying hens that contain more Ca. Poultry manure releases nitrogen faster than cattle manure when applied to the soil. A combination of broiler chicken manure and laying hen manure could be more beneficial to the crops.

Agricultural and geographic factors shaped the North American 2015 highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N2 outbreak.

The 2014–2015 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5NX outbreak represents the largest and most expensive HPAI outbreak in the United States to date. Despite extensive traditional and molecular epidemiological studies, factors associated with the spread of HPAI among midwestern poultry premises remain unclear. To better understand the dynamics of this outbreak, 182 full genome HPAI H5N2 sequences isolated from commercial layer chicken and turkey production premises were analyzed using evolutionary models able to accommodate epidemiological and geographic information. Epidemiological compartmental models embedded in a phylogenetic framework provided evidence that poultry type acted as a barrier to the transmission of virus among midwestern poultry farms. Furthermore, after initial introduction, the propagation of HPAI cases was self-sustainable within the commercial poultry industries. Discrete trait diffusion models indicated that within state viral transitions occurred more frequently than inter-state transitions. Distance and sample size were very strongly supported as associated with viral transition between county groups (Bayes Factor > 30.0). Together these findings indicate that the different types of midwestern poultry industries were not a single homogenous population, but rather, the outbreak was shaped by poultry industries and geographic factors.

Production of Various Types of Poultry in Bulgaria for the Period 2010-2018

Poultry farming has always been a major part of animal husbandry in every country. Bulgaria is no exception and has a long-standing tradition in the breeding and production of various types of poultry. In reality, our country was mainly producing chickens, laying hens and eggs in the beginning, but was also successful in the breeding of ducks, turkeys, geese, yurts and other feathered more extravagant species, such as quails, ostriches, pheasants, etc. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the production of different types of poultry in Bulgaria for a sufficiently long period of 9 years, to be able to predict trends and changes that may occur in different types of poultry in the country and to determine not only which ones shall have a leading role for specific regions in Bulgaria, but also the ways to increase their effective production in the direction of closing the production and sales cycle with poultry products processing and reaching the end customer. The article uses methods of situation analysis, time series analysis, induction, deduction, extrapolation, trend derivation and logical dependencies, method of adding value and creating a final product.