Types Of Plastic Waste Research Articles

Pyrolysis of Mixed Plastic Waste: I. Kinetic Study.

Plastic wastes have become one of the biggest global environmental issues and thus recycling such massive quantities is targeted. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) are considered among the main types of plastic wastes. Since pyrolysis is one of the most promising recycling techniques, this work aims to build knowledge on the co-pyrolysis of mixed polymers using two model-fitting (Criado and Coats–Redfern) methods. Seventeen co-pyrolysis tests using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at 60 K/min for different mixed compositions of LDPE, HDPE, PP, and PS were conducted. It was observed that the pyrolysis of the pure polymer samples occurs at different temperature ranges in the following order: PS < PP < LDPE < HDPE. However, compared to pure polymer samples, the co-pyrolysis of all-polymer mixtures was delayed. In addition, the synergistic effect on the co-pyrolysis of polymer blends was reported. The Master plot of the Criado model was used to determine the most suitable reaction mechanism. Then, the Coats–Redfern model was used to efficiently obtain the kinetic parameters (R2 ≥ 97.83%) and the obtained values of the activation energy of different polymer blends were ranging from 104 to 260 kJ/mol. Furthermore, the most controlling reaction mechanisms were in the following orders: First order reaction (F1), Contracting sphere (R3), and then Contracting cylinder (R2).

Đánh giá ảnh hưởng của phụ gia nylon phế thải đến mô đun đàn hồi của bê tông nhựa

Recently, plastic wastes including nylon bag have been becoming a critical issue in many countries worldwide as well as Vietnam. Towards a substainable development, the trend of recycling types of plastic waste is a target of many nations. In transportation field, the use of nylon waste as a binder for asphalt concrete (AC) has been sucessfully applied in some countries. In Vietnam, there have been some studies regarding this topic. Aiming to use nylon waste for AC, this study evaluates the effects of nylon waste on AC elastic moduli including static elastic modulus, dynamic elastic modulus and complex elastic modulus. The results showed that the nylon waste helps to increase the elastic modulus of AC.

Polystyrene foam as a source and sink of chemicals in the marine environment: An XRF study

Polystyrene foam (expanded and extruded polystyrene: EPS and XPS, respectively) is a ubiquitous and pervasive type of marine plastic whose physical properties, transport and fate are distinctly different to those of other common (unfoamed) types of thermoplastic litter. In this study, a range of fragments of EPS and XPS retrieved from three beaches in southwest England have been characterised by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry in order to examine the chemical makeup and potential biological and geochemical impacts and interactions of this type of plastic waste. Analyses performed through sample faces and, in some cases and after dissection, through the material core, revealed variable concentrations of Fe, Ti and Zn among the fragments and, in many instances, within the same sample. This likely reflects the presence of reaction residues and pigments arising from the manufacture of polystyrene, and, for Fe and Ti, significant and heterogeneous ion and mineral acquisition from the environment during transport in suspension or while beached. Acquired oxides of Fe are partly responsible for the chemical fouling observed on the face of most samples and are able to act as an adsorbent for other metals, like Pb. Detection of Br in many fragments up to concentrations of 11,500 mg kg−1 likely results from the incorporation of the flame retardant, hexabromocyclododecane, in EPS and XPS designed for (but not necessarily limited to) the construction sector. These observations suggest that EPS and XPS can act as both a source and sink for contaminants in the marine environment that merit further investigation.

Reuse of Various Types of Plastic Waste as Different Construction Material: A Review

Reuse of Various Types of Plastic Waste as Different Construction Material: A Review

Behavior of concrete incorporating waste plastic as fine aggregate subjected to compression, impact load and bond resistance

This experimental investigates presents the use of three types of plastic wastes as fine aggregates in concrete as an effective way to deal with the scarcity of natural aggregate and problems related to disposal of plastic. This work emphasises on using plastic waste from different source such as water drink bottle, compact disk, and plastic cover of water drink bottle to substitute fine aggregate partially. This research investigates the performance of concrete subjected to compression and impact loading besides to bond strength for the following plastic percentages: 0% (reference), 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% as partial substitution. The results show that fine plastic aggregate reduce compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete and the specimens were suffered from more deformations before failure under compression and impact loads comparing with control specimen. In addition, the bonding strength between concrete and steel reinforcement decreased with increasing of plastic content especially the one with bigger particle size one.

Use of Polycarbonate Waste as Aggregate in Recycled Gypsum Plasters.

The use of gypsum as an indoor coating material for buildings is very extensive. This means that huge amounts of gypsum waste are generated daily worldwide. Therefore, many researchers in the last years have been working on the generation of new gypsum-related materials and products that incorporate recycled gypsum waste as a replacement for the commercial one. On the other hand, trying to reduce the large amounts of plastic generated globally each year, several studies have used different types of plastic waste as aggregates for the development of new construction and building materials. However, up to now, no previous studies have been found in which any type of plastic waste has been used as an aggregate in a recycled gypsum matrix. This paper presents a study in which two different types of waste were mixed for the development of new gypsum plasters: unheated gypsum waste from industrial plasterboard production (GPW) and polycarbonate (PC) waste from rejected compact discs (CDs) and digital versatile discs (DVDs). In this sense, the mechanical and thermal performance of plasters was evaluated. Finally, in order to evaluate the changes in the microstructure of the composites, a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was conducted. The results showed a good performance of the new composites when both types of waste were combined in the mixes. New lightweight eco-efficient plasters, completely recycled, with enhanced flexural strength (by 14.8%), compressive strength (by 26.8%), and thermal conductivity (42.8% less), compared to the reference material, were achieved.

The Production of Liquid Fuel from Plastic Wastes by Using Waste Garbage Power Plant: Study on the Effect of Electric Load and Fuel/Gasoline to Solar Ratio

The type of plastic waste that is often a problem in many cities in Indonesia is Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), his is due to the plastic waste plastic waste bags has no longer economic value. One of the goals of plastic waste processing is usng it as a raw material for the Waste Garbage Power Plant (PLTSa). The most profitable in handling plastic waste by converting plastic waste into fuel oil as an alternative energy source because plastic is basically derived from petroleum. Plastic also has a fairly high heating value equivalent to gasoline and diesel fuel. Some studies related to plastic processing have not been integrated from the production process to downstream products in the form of electric products to get the overall level of plant efficiency. Therefore a research of plastic waste power plants needs to be done at the prototype level to determine the performance of the fuel and the level of efficiency of the resulting assemblers. The Pyrolysis Reactor Prototype Unit can be used to convert plastic bottle waste into liquid fuel with a yield of 56.26% carried out at a process temperature of 170 oC and the resulting heating value reaches 19644 Btu/lb close to the heating value of Pertamina Gasoline. The generator system performance test for the liquid fuel mixture (BBC) with Gasoline and Diesel has an optimal mixture ratio in the BBC - Bensi / Solar mixture 3: 2 with an optimal load of 800 Watt. In the generator system performance test for liquid fuel mixture (BBC) with Gasoline/Diesel is more optimal for comparison of BBC fuel with Gasoline, because for the BBC mixture with Gasoline in all generator system comparison values occur ignition. Whereas BBC with Solar does not ignite at a ratio of 0: 5, 1: 4 and 2: 3.

Experimental Study on Soils Stabilized with Two Types of Plastic Waste

The reuse and recycling rates for plastics are still below desirable values. The valorisation of plastic wastes that presently end in landfills or is incinerated can help to mitigate this environmental problem. There have been studies in soil improvement using plastic waste. Two types of plastic waste were used to assess their ability to improve soil properties for embankment construction and pavement layers. The selected plastic wastes are made from shredded package labels and ground bottles. The main properties of the soils were characterized. Three percentages of plastic waste were used, and the bearing capacity of the soil determined using CBR test (California Bearing Ratio). The results from the tests show that plastic waste stabilization leads to an increase in bearing capacity, expressed in CBR values, for low contents of plastic waste. This increase was more effective for high penetration values. Reduction in the bearing capacity was observed for higher plastic waste contents. Maximum dry unit weight decreased with increasing plastic waste content, whereas expansion increased with increasing plastic waste content.&#x0D; Keywords: Soil stabilization, Plastic waste, CBR test, Compaction, Earthworks

Utilization of plastic waste processing for oil fuel at Tambaan Beach, Pasuruan City

The amount of waste in Indonesia is estimated to reach 68 million tons in 2019, of which 9.52 million tons is a plastic waste. With this amount, Indonesia is ranked second in the world as the largest producer of plastic waste. One area that suffers from plastic waste is the coastal area. This plastic waste is difficult to decompose and cause environmental problems. Likewise, it happened on the Tambaan coast in Tambaan sub-district, Panggungrejo subdistrict, Pasuruan city. Currently, accumulation of plastic waste is evident throughout the coastal area. The accumulation of scattered plastic waste and its proximity to the residents’ settlements has become a hotbed of mosquitoes and caused a pungent smell. The Serving Doctoral Program at Universitas Brawijaya offers a solution to process plastic waste into fuel oil such as diesel, kerosene, and premium. The technology used was Muryani’s distillation from Wlingi, Blitar Regency. The technology can change certain types of plastic waste to produce fuel. Karang Taruna Bina Hang Tuah was acted as a reliable partner to assist the implementation of the technology on site. This study aims to strengthen the capacity of Karangtaruna in Tambaan Village to be more concerned about the environmental problems of Tambaan beach by processing waste that has been polluted by plastic waste. The results of plastic waste treatment showed that 10 kg of dried plastic waste can be transformed into diesel, premium and kerosene with the efficiency value of 60%, 35%, and 15%, respectively.

Characterization of post-consumer plastic film waste from mixed MSW in Spain: A key point for the successful implementation of sustainable plastic waste management strategies

The purpose of this paper is to provide a full characterization of post-consumer plastic film recovered from mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment plants in Spain. Currently, this type of plastic waste is not recycled due to technical or economic barriers and is still sent to landfill. Different types of municipal plastic waste (MPW) from manual and automated sorting were studied: i) colour plastic film recovered by ballistic separators and then manual sorting in different seasons; ii) colour plastic film recovered by automated sorting (air suction); and iii) white plastic film from primary manual sorting process. The samples were characterized by different techniques, including the ultimate and proximate analysis, Higher Heating Value (HHV) and Lower Heating Value (LHV), metal content, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The results were compared to those obtained for pretreated colour and white plastic film waste and contrasted with industrial recycled film granules of polyethylene (as a reference material for packaging film). Additionally, pretreated plastic film samples were also characterized by analyzing viscosity, Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) diagram, specific heat capacity and halogen and sulphur contents. Characterization data from this study will contribute to identify and develop potential recycling alternatives for a more sustainable municipal plastic waste management, which is recognized as a priority in the European Circular Economy Action Plan to use resources in a more sustainable way.

MARINE DEBRIS DAN MIKROPLASTIK: UPAYA MENCEGAH BAHAYA DAN DAMPAKNYA DI TEMPODE, DESA SALAMA, KABUPATEN MANGGARAI, NTT

Marine debris is a waste product found in the sea, whether intentionally disposed of or not. This type of plastic waste is the most commonly found in the sea.Plastic waste that found in the ocean will degrade into micro-plastics. Micro-plastics can cause harm to marine organisms and even reach humans through food chain events. In order to reduce the dangers and impacts, it is necessary to introduce the management of coastal areas as part of the ecosystem, through socialization activities to coastal communities. The results of the activities showed interest and positive responses from the community. In addition, the knowledge about the concepts of marine debris, micro-plastics and ecosystems and their relationships has also increased by i.e., of 76%.

Microwave pyrolysis of polystyrene and polypropylene mixtures using different activated carbon from biomass

In this study, microwave pyrolysis was experimented with mixed types of plastic waste. Two different plastic wastes polystyrene waste (PSW) and polypropylene waste (PPW) were used as feedstock. Carbon and activated carbon were synthesized from different biomass; rice husk (RH), corn husk (CH) and coconut sheath (CS) respectively which are used as microwave susceptors. The effect of impregnation on product yields was studied. Microwave pyrolysis at 900 W and with a polymer to an absorbent ratio of 10:1, produced the highest oil yield of 84.30 wt% when coconut sheath activated carbon (CSAC) was used as an absorbent. The reaction time was 10 min for the complete decomposition of polymer mixtures. Oil properties were determined and a high calorific value of 46.87 MJ kg−1 was obtained. These properties were compared to conventional fuel properties and the product oil has a density of 0.76 g ml−1 and viscosity of 2.4 cSt which is an equivalent fraction obtained to that of gasoline. Product oil has a styrene recovery of 67.58% from microwave pyrolysis. The results demonstrate that, microwave pyrolysis has a great potential for energy recovery from mixed plastic waste and the use of agricultural residues as absorbents enhanced the production efficiency of the process.

Dampak Sampah Plastik Bagi Ekosistem Perairan

The purpose of the service to high school/vocational high school, and junior high school students in malagusa Village, Aimas Distric, Sorong Regency is to provide knowledge and understanding to students about waste and plastic waste, types of plastic waste, the solution ecosystem. The method used is a lecture and demonstration method with sxhool students in Kelurahan Malagusa about waste and its handling. The results of the implementation of this community service where students attending Malagusa Village were(1) appreciation of the local government in this case the Malagusa village Government in this case the Malagusa Government regarding the seminar activities carried out (2) the high motivation of the community service seminar participant coming from Vocational, high school and junior high school students the whole village of Malagusa with liveliness asking questions at the discussion session guided by the activity organizing committee. (3) Increaasing students’ understanding, knowledge and ability in understanding about waste and increasing waste for the environment.

Closed-Loop Recycling of Polymers Using Solvents

Recycling of plastic is an established technology contributing to a circular economy. A sustainable society requires recycling to produce high quality feedstocks from all types of reusable waste. New recycling technologies will help to improve waste management practices, for instance dissolving plastic waste in a solvent to purify and maintain its material properties. In solution it is also possible to depolymerise polymers into monomers that can be used to remake virgin-grade material. In this review the advantages and disadvantages of three solvent-based recycling processes will be considered: separation of cotton and polyester (polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) textiles, chemical recycling of polylactic acid (PLA) and dissolution-precipitation of polyvinylchloride (PVC). The current state of the art and future prospects are discussed, including a brief overview of how solvents are being used to process other types of plastic waste.

Plastic waste management practices in the rural areas of Eswatini

Abstract The study investigated plastic waste management practices in the rural households of the Kingdom of Eswatini using Zikhotheni and Zombodze Emuva communities as case study sites. The aim of the study was to investigate plastic waste management practices employed by rural households through the identification of the types of plastic waste generated, estimation of the average daily amount of generated plastics and establishing their management practices. A total of 109 households (54 in Zikhotheni and 55 in Zombodze Emuva) were selected using simple random sampling. A questionnaire (supplemented with an observation matrix) was used to collect data from the sampled population. Classification of the types of plastic generated and measurements of the amount of plastic waste produced per household were performed for two consecutive months (December 2018 and January 2019). The results revealed that the types of plastic waste generated by these two communities included: Polyethylene Terephathalate (PET), High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Poly propylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) and other plastic materials layered from other types. On average, it was found that a rural household generates about 15.9 ​g of plastic waste per day. Common waste management practices found included open burning, burying, reusing, disposing of plastics in backyard pit, indiscriminate disposal in the backyard, selling and recycling. The study concluded that most of the rural households are still using traditional methods of managing plastic waste, even though recommended plastic waste management practices such as reusing and recycling were found amongst some households in Zombodze Emuva.

PENYULUHAN DAN PERCONTOHAN PENGGUNAAN LIMBAH PLASTIK UNTUK MATERIAL BAHAN BANGUNAN DI LINGKUNGAN RPTRA, JAKARTA BARAT

Construction is growing rapidly nowadays. Buildings, housing, industry/business centers and highways will require natural aggregates which are natural resources that cannot be renewed. Therefore, we need replacement materials able to replace these natural aggregate. The large amount of plastic waste in fields, based on existing data, causes environmental pollution through it can be reused and useful for building and road construction. Most of communities don’t even know the plastic waste processing technology that allow their use in the construction of house construction such as floors, walls, roofs, and hinges and also road construction with not heavy road loads. The purpose of this activity is to provide the knowledge to the people of RPTRA related to technology for the use of plastic waste for building materials and also road construction in the area in the RPTRA environment considering it is not a public road and hence, with not heavy vehicle. The method used is firstly observation and interview of several houses visited. Then activities about using different types of plastic waste as construction materials. Finally, evaluation of the progress of the project by conducting a survey to people who had met the criteria of being a member of the plastic waste program. The success of this program will be the people’s understanding and a significate growing of any highvalue plastic use as construction material. The benefit of this community service is to increase the knowledge and insight of the people of RPTRA, South Meruya, and West Jakarta City, related to environmentally friendly technologies such as plastic waste processing.

The Production of the Sustainable Concrete by using Different Types of Plastic Waste

The Production of the Sustainable Concrete by using Different Types of Plastic Waste

Industrial Debris Management Control

Unfriendly changes were made because of the Contaminants got brought contamination into the indigenous habitat. Contamination can appear as synthetic substances or vitality, for example, clamor, warmth or light Pollutants.Dust, flotsam and jetsam, for example, plastic packs, are blown through wind from landfills and different territories. Plastic packs and different types of plastic waste that were disposed of which exhausted in the sea, jeopardizes natural life and fisheries. Thus this paper learns about control of contamination in mechanical condition. [1],[ 3],[5]

Produksi Bahan Bakar Minyak Dari Limbah Plastik Hdpe Dan Pete 1 Kg

Waste plastic waste is very difficult to decompose. There are several solutions to overcome this, including can be processed into granules, these granules as recycled raw materials for the manufacture of other materials. In addition, plastic waste can be processed into fuel oil (BBM). The purpose of this study is to produce BBM products from various types of plastic waste by the pyrolysis method. Waste samples of HDPE and PETE plastic with each sample amount 1 kg to 1.5 kg (produce 450 ml and 220 ml BBM). The Heat Value produced is only one type of plastic waste that is close to PT. Pertamina products, namely BBM HDPE with a heating value of 11420 kcal / kg, diesel oil PT. Pertamina, (10,550 to 11,667 kcal / kg). Other types of plastic are higher. It is recommended that the plastic waste processing equipment must be increased in capacity and can function continuously without stopping the combustion process, needing to be equipped with plastic waste chopper and rinsing equipment so that its capacity increases and is efficient .

Market-based tools for a plastic waste reduction policy in agriculture: A case study in the south of Italy

The 2018 European Strategy for Plastics in a Circular Economy identifies a set of actions to reduce plastic waste in the EU in the near future. To implement this strategic view, appropriate policy tools need to be identified within Member Countries. The present work aims at investigating farmers’ attitudes towards the use of traditional market-based tools (i.e. subsidies and tax-credits) as well as other initiatives such as a pay-back mechanism under an Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) to reduce plastic waste in agriculture.We analyse the case of the province of Foggia, an area which is recognised as being the largest plain in southern Italy. We consider a survey of 1,783 farmers and a multinomial regression model to infer on the probability of adopting the above policy tools.Key results suggest that the choice of each policy tool would be affected by the type of plastic waste generated. In particular, plastic packaging and plastic films would be likely to affect the probability to opt for a subsidy. In contrast, other types of plastic waste mainly generated by cereal crops activities (e.g. plastic bags and bottles for fertilisers and chemicals) would favour the adoption of a tax-credit mechanism. As for other aspects, horticulture production and the proximity to a collection site for waste disposal would increase the probability of adopting an EPR policy to contribute to plastic waste reduction.