Typical Phone Research Articles

Impacts of mobile phone use while driving on the performance of petroleum product drivers in Cameroon

Abstract The objective of this article is to show the influence of mobile phone use while driving on the performance of petroleum product drivers in Cameroon. The topical questioning centred on the series of accidents and near misses in general and specifically in the petroleum products sector and showed the need to look for other causes. To do so, we conceptually proposed a model derived from the literature review and adjusted by practical research, which shows that our approach is the hypothetico-deductive type. Methodologically, the observations from the experience of 90 questionnaires were operationalized using multivariate logistic regression analyses. The results indicate that making or receiving calls while driving significantly influences the occurrence of reckless driving situations. Reading and sending short message service (SMS or text messages) while driving negatively influences drivers' performance by increasing delivery times. The type of phone used has an effect on the risk of accidents or near misses. Indeed, drivers who use smartphones are 2.14 times more likely to experience crash-like events compared to those who use conventional mobile phones. In addition, with a view to reducing near misses and accidents, it is important to organize regular appropriate road safety campaigns, to install on-board cameras in all trucks, to provide rest areas and encourage drivers to stop at these areas to check their phones and catch up on missed calls. Additionally to introduce training for drivers in defensive driving with a renewable licence after a maximum of 2 years.

Phone-based Ambient Temperature Measurement with a New Confidence-based Truth Inference Model

Monitoring the indoor temperature can help saving of energy and improve the comfort level. Smartphone, as a ubiquitous device, can be an additional data source to provide the ambient temperature estimation. However, the estimation results sometimes can be unreliable due to the different phone using states. How to integrate multiple estimation results in one area to get a more accurate prediction result is still a challenge. In this work, we proposed one phone-based ambient temperature measurement system which contains two models. The first temperature prediction model takes easily accessible phone state features as inputs and outputs ambient temperature prediction with a confidence value. The second truth inference model takes multiple prediction results with confidences as inputs and outputs a referred final prediction result. Our temperature prediction model reaches 0.253°C with MAE in our testing set. We also proved by transfer learning our model can be used in other new type of phones. We evaluate the truth inference model in our testing dataset and it reaches 0.128°C, which outperforms the state-of-the-art truth inference algorithms. We believe this work can contribute to energy conservation and provide new ideas for crowdsourcing.

Faster responders are perceived as more extraverted.

Personality inferences are fundamental to human social interactions and have far-reaching effects on various social decisions. Fourteen experiments (13 preregistered; total N = 5,160; using audio, video, and text stimuli) involving British, U.S. American, Singaporean, and Australian participants show that people responding to a question immediately (vs. after a slight pause) are seen as more extraverted. This is because response delays are believed to signal nervousness and passivity, and hence introversion. This effect was consistently observed across a range of scenarios from everyday small talk to mock job interviews and for various types of response formats, including face-to-face, phone, and online conversations. We found that the effect was not influenced by apparent relationship closeness between the responder and questioner but that it was influenced by whether observers believed that the responder was mentally occupied during the interaction. Importantly, our results also suggest that the effect of response timing on extraversion perceptions influences hiring decisions-job applicants are more likely to be hired by mock employers for job types congruent with their level of extraversion as exuded from their response timing. Finally, we found that observers typically expect that introverted individuals would pause for longer before responding to questions, as compared to extraverted individuals. Theoretical implications for the understanding of personality impression formation and response timing and practical implications for hiring and other interpersonal situations are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Impact of Cash Transfer on Poverty Reduction in Lindi District, Tanzania

Cash Transfers (CT) as a strategy for poverty reduction acquired prominence in Latin America but spread later to the rest of the developing world including Tanzania. Government through its umbrella institution, Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF) introduced what has become the largest CT for poor households in the country since 2010 to date. Although there is growing evidence on the impact of CT on poverty reduction, results are contextual. Thus, the paper examined the causal effect of CT on poverty reduction in Lindi District, Tanzania. Specifically, the study assessed the impact of CT on households’ overall wealth, housing conditions, use of basic services, productive and non-productive assets. The study employed Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to estimate the effects of CT on households by matching recipients and non-recipients’ households using Nearest Neighbor, Radius caliper and Mahalanobis matching techniques. Sample size constituted 398 respondents, split into equal number of recipients and non-recipients’ households. Five Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 13 Key Informants Interviews (KIIs) were conducted. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. Findings indicated that CT to poor households by itself is not enough to significantly reduce extreme poverty. However, the results indicated significant effect of CT on five poverty indicators which are type of floor, sanitation facilities, livestock, mobile phone and chair. The study recommends to government adoption of multi-intervention programs directed on key living standard indicators such as productive assets to transform the quality of low-income households.

Urban noise

People in urban areas are exposed to high noise levels, leading to an increased number of health issues. A mobile phone application called Auditive, was developed to allow the user to report health history, sound level annoyance, and record sound levels on their mobile phones. This allows for real-time sound level data to be directly correlated with the annoyance response. The data recorded with the auditive app provides opportunities for researchers to find correlations between noise exposure, health, and annoyance. A major concern with mobile phone recorded noise is the accuracy of the absolute sound levels without calibration. This study is focused on calibrating mobile phones to provide more accurate data. Two methods for calibration were considered. Technique one calibrates, using the same correction for each type of phone. MATLAB was used to generate pink noise at different sound levels to test a variety of iPhone models. The correction for each frequency level ranging from 63 Hz to 8000 Hz, was determined. Technique two calibrated individual phones. We tested consistent sounds that allow Auditive users to calibrate their phones. These two different techniques will be compared, to establish the best way to calibrate different mobile phones.

PSX-B-18 Can a Smartphone be Used for Daily Field Measurements?

Abstract The popularity of smartphones is undeniable in nearly all facets of society, and their use is worldwide spread, the objective of this abstract is to compare two smartphones and some apps to commercial equipment. The study was performed in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil using GPS, light, and sound sensors, from two smartphones. There were 5 apps tested for each smartphone sensor, and specific methodology for each one, for GPS was used a known length running track, for light and decibel meters was used commercials equipment. For GPS, there was no statistical difference (P< 0.05) between the type of mobile phone and the app tested and there was also no statistical difference (P< 0.05) for the use or non-use of the internet during the measurements. For the decibel meter, different noise levels were tested, and there was a difference between the levels, which was expected. At each noise level, there were statistical differences (P< 0.05) between smartphone type, internet use, and the apps tested. In this summary, it will not be possible to show all these results. For the light meter, there was a significant difference between the application and the lux level, regardless of the type of smartphone. At 300 lux the applications were the same as the control. At 600 lux only the "Light meter" (My Mobile Tools developer) app had results equal to the control. At 1000 lux measurements, all applications were different from the control. The internet and lux interaction were the same for the averages of the 300 and 600 lux levels, with 1000 lux the use of the internet favored the readings. The use of cell phones can be a cheap and practical alternative for daily measurements on rural properties, to ensure the sustainability of the systems and labor health.

Use of Mobile Phones in Patients with Stroke

Objectives: There is a paucity of systematic studies conducted to get information on the impact of mobile phone radiation on health. This pilot study was done to explore the use of mobile phones in patients with stroke. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a structured questionnaire among stroke patients in a tertiary hospital in India. We collected demographic details, history, and information on their mobile phone type, usage, and specific absorption rate (SAR) value. We used descriptive statistics to report our findings. Results: This group of 50 stroke patients was predominantly an urban population (78%) with a higher number of male subjects (56%); a higher prevalence of ischemic stroke (76%); 30% were smokers; with comorbidities of hypertension (75%) and diabetes (46%), a significant proportion of whom were not on regular treatment 64% and 74%, respectively. More number of patients used feature phones (82%). The median (SAR) value of all phones was 0.81 W/kg. Hypertension was present in patients who had contact with the phone for >5 hours (78%), subjects who kept their phone closer to the pillow while sleeping (71%), and those carrying a phone in their pockets or on self for >5 hours (80%). Conclusion: This group of patients had predominantly ischemic stroke; a significant proportion having hypertension and diabetes were not on regular treatment and were smokers. Cases of hypertension were noted to be higher in patients with increased exposure to mobile phone radiation. As a pilot study with limitations of a small number of patients, these findings could be only incidental. Further research is required to make any conclusions.

Evaluation of Enforcement and Messaging Campaign Focused on Reducing Cell Phone-Related Distracted Driving

Cellular telephone use has increased significantly in the United States as 97% of residents now own some type of cell phone. The ubiquity of cell phones has introduced concerns with respect to traffic safety as cell phone-related distractions have been shown to affect driving ability and increase crash risk. Various countermeasures have been implemented to address this issue, including public outreach campaigns and targeted enforcement activities. However, the efficacy of such strategies has been the subject of limited research. This paper examines cell phone use rates in consideration of enforcement activities in conjunction with targeted safety messages on roadside dynamic message signs. Two phases of enforcement were conducted in two urbanized areas of Michigan. Data were collected before, during, and after the enforcement period. A two-way random effects logistic regression model was estimated, and the results showed that cell phone use rates were lower during and, particularly, after the enforcement activities were conducted. Use rates were also found to vary based on age, gender, and race, allowing for the identification of target groups for public awareness and outreach campaigns. Use rates were also lower at freeway exit ramps as compared to signalized and stop-controlled surface street intersections. Lastly, cell phone-specific safety messages were associated with lower use rates compared with other message types, suggesting a potential synergistic effect.

External Portable Cooling System for Mobile Phones

Basically, a cooler word depicts the meaning of cool or relief from heat. Same as above a phone cooler cool down the phone or gives relief from heat which is radiated due to continuous use of phone. The working principle of the cooler is so easy to understand. Now- a-days power dissipation levels in mobile phones are continue to increase due to gaming, higher power apps and increased functionality associated with internet. With this power dissipation level, products such as mobile phones will require active cooling to ensure that the comfort and reliability perspectives. The current cooling methodologies of natural convection and radiation limit the power dissipation within a mobile phone to between 1-2 w depending on size. In this paper, the external portable mobile phone cooling system has proposed. This system does not need any changes in designing of mobile phone. It can be used for any types of mobile phone. The proposed cooling system is portable and reliable in cooling phones. The result of this project shows up to phone heating can be controlled in any condition without any external higher power source.It has very less limitations. If the model is connected to phone to provide input power to it the fan and cool it, it will result in drainage of battery of phone. It will not so comfortable to use it for long time less than two hours.

An Automated Toolchain for Camera-Enabled Sensing of Drinking Water Chlorine Residual.

Chlorine residual concentration is an important parameter to prevent pathogen growth in drinking water. Disposable color changing test strips that measure chlorine in tap water are commercially available to the public; however, the color changes are difficult to read by eye, and the data are not captured for water service providers. Here we present an automated toolchain designed to process digital images of free chlorine residual test strips taken with mobile phone cameras. The toolchain crops the image using image processing algorithms that isolate the areas relevant for analysis and automatically white balances the image to allow for use with different phones and lighting conditions. The average red, green, and blue (RGB) color values of the image are used to predict a free chlorine concentration that is classified into three concentration tiers (<0.2 mg/L, 0.2-0.5 mg/L, or >0.5 mg/L), which can be reported to water users and recorded for utility use. The proposed approach was applied to three different phone types under three different lighting conditions using a standard background. This approach can discriminate between concentrations above and below 0.5 mg/L with an accuracy of 90% and 94% for training and testing data sets, respectively. Furthermore, it can discriminate between concentrations of <0.2 mg/L, 0.2-0.5 mg/L, or >0.5 mg/L with weighted-averaged F1 scores of 79% and 88% for training and testing data sets, respectively. This tool sets the stage for tap water consumers and water utilities to gather frequent measurements and high-resolution temporal and spatial data on drinking water quality.

Willingness to Receive mHealth Messages Among Diabetic Patients at Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital: Implications for Digital Health.

BackgroundThe growing access and use of mobile technology provide new tools for diabetic care and management. Mobile-based technology (mHealth) is considered as a useful tool to deliver healthcare services as a makeshift alternative for consultations and follow-up of diabetic patients. Therefore, this study aimed to scrutinize the willingness to receive mHealth messages and its associated factors among diabetic patients at Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital (MTUTH).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among two hundred thirty-three diabetic patients. Data were collected using a structured and pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Epidata manager and SPSS software were used to enter and analyze the data, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the independent factors associated with patients' willingness to receive mHealth messages.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty-three patients participated in this study with a 95% response rate. Majority of the patients (213, 91.4%) had a mobile phone. Among those who had mobile phones, 59.1%, (95% CI: 48–64) of patients were willing to receive mHealth messages from providers, if they were offered the opportunity. In the multivariable binary logistic regression analysis, monthly income >3000 ETB (AOR = 2.43; 95% CI (1.36–3.81)), owning smartphone (AOR = 3.85; 95% CI (1.67–4.89)), internet access in their mobile phone (AOR = 2.74; 95% CI (1.42–4.61)), perceived usefulness (AOR = 4.66; 95% CI (2.38–6.83)) and perceived ease to use (AOR = 3.87; 95% CI (1.57–5.46)) were identified as significant factors associated with diabetic patients’ willingness to receive mHealth messages.ConclusionA high proportion of patients who had mobile phones were willing to receive mHealth messages. Monthly income, type of mobile phone, access to the internet on the mobile phone, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness were associated with willingness to receive mHealth messages. Therefore, focusing on these factors could provide insight for designing and implementing mHealth messages for diabetic patients.

Prediction Algorithm of User's Brand Conversion Intention Based on Fuzzy Emotion Calculation.

Branding is a magic weapon for enterprises to participate in international competition, and empowering enterprises through branding has become a national strategy in the new era. Economic and social development has won wide acclaim from the international community, but enterprises generally have the problem of being “big but not strong”, which is not matching with long history and great power influence. The brand bottleneck of Chinese enterprises has been highlighted. Recent brand theory research has been fruitful on the whole, but there are also some weak links, among which “the mechanism of enterprise brand value formation” is a research theme to be strengthened. This paper presents a number of suggestions for the formation of corporate brand value. The empirical analysis was conducted using valid data. The results found that: customer involvement behavior has a significant positive influence on customer citizenship behavior and customer experience value. Customer experience value has a significant positive influence on customer satisfaction and customer commitment. It plays a mediating effect in the relationship between the influence of customer involvement behavior on customer satisfaction and customer commitment, respectively. Customer satisfaction has a significant positive influence on customer commitment, and plays a mediating customer commitment has a significant positive effect on customer citizenship behavior and mediates the effect of customer experience value on customer citizenship behavior. The experimental results show that: the accuracy of crop color recognition by this method is high, and it has the advantages of faster computational efficiency and higher computational accuracy compared with other algorithms, thus verifying the reliability of the algorithm. Based on the fuzzy sentiment of online reviews, this paper improves the continuous use model ECM-ISC and formulates the inference rules of fuzzy affiliation function, and verifies the brand conversion intention and brand conversion type of cell phones by example calculation, which has good accuracy and generality and has important practical significance for brand marketing and early warning management. In addition, the use of brand economics in the study of corporate brand positioning is a development and innovation of brand economics.

Measuring the originality of intellectual property assets based on estimated inter-asset distances

Originality criteria are frequently used to assess the validity of intellectual property (IP) rights such as copyright and design rights. However, the concept of originality is not universally nor unambiguously defined in the IP arena. In this work, the originality of an asset is formulated as a function of the distances between this asset and its comparands, using concepts of maximum entropy and surprisal analysis. A simple and suitably bounded formula is obtained, in which the originality of an asset writes as a ratio of two average distances: the harmonic mean of the distances from this asset to its comparands divided by the harmonic mean of the distances between the sole comparands. Accordingly, the originality of objects such as IP assets can be simply estimated based on distances computed thanks to machine learning extraction techniques or other distance computation algorithms. Application is made to various types of IP assets, including emojis, mobile phones, typeface designs, paintings, and novel titles. The results obtained illustrate how automatic originality assessments can be used to gather additional facts, which may be taken into consideration by IP professionals when assessing the validity of IP rights such as copyrighted works and design rights.

Integrating of Voice Recognition Email Application System for Visually Impaired Person using Linear Regression Algorithm

The outcome of this study will surely help visually impaired people who face difficulties in accessing the computer system. Voice recognition will help them to access email. This study also reduces the cognitive load taken by visually impaired users to remember and type characters using a keyboard. If this system is implemented, self-esteem and social and emotional well-being of the visually impaired users will be lifted up for they will now feel they are being valued in society and has fair treatment and access to technology main function of this study is to use a keyboard of the user that will respond through voice. The purpose of this study is to help a visually impaired person to use the modern application to interact with voice recognition systems with the use of email into different types of modern gadgets, Line computers, or mobile phones. In terms of functionality of the application, the proponents will use a set of APIs,' or Application Program Interface such as Google Speech-to-text and text-to-speech application and it will process through Email System and also the SNMTP or Simple Network Management Protocol will be used for mailing services, in programming software, the proponent will be using PHP for the backend of a web interface. For the creation of a Web Base UI, HTML and CSS will be used. Voice typing and Dictation Speech Interaction models using windows dictation engine. The proponent used a descriptive research design in this study. Descriptive research design is being used by the proponents to describe the characteristics of a population or phenomenon of visually impaired persons being studied. Descriptive research is mainly done because the researchers want to gain a better understanding of a topic. It focuses on providing information that is useful in the development. The research is based on a mixed method focused on producing such informative outcomes that can be used. Based on the results of the surveys, conclusions were drawn: The majority of the respondents were male adultery period ranging from ages 32-41.all are working as massage therapists. The majority of the respondents rated the overall function of the application as Excellent and rated the level of security of the application as Secured.

Smartphone App-Based Noncontact Ecological Momentary Assessment With Experienced and Naïve Older Participants: Feasibility Study.

BackgroundSmartphone app–based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) without face-to-face contact between researcher and participant (app-based noncontact EMA) potentially provides a valuable data collection tool when geographic, time, and situational factors (eg, COVID-19 restrictions) place constraints on in-person research. Nevertheless, little is known about the feasibility of this method, particularly in older and naïve EMA participants.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the feasibility of app-based noncontact EMA as a function of previous EMA experience, by recruiting and comparing a group of participants who had never participated in EMA before against a group of participants who had been part of an earlier in-person EMA study, and age, by recruiting middle-aged to older adults.MethodsOverall, 151 potential participants were invited via email; 46.4% (70/151) enrolled in the study by completing the baseline questionnaire set and were emailed instructions for the EMA phase. Of these participants, 67% (47/70) downloaded an EMA app and ran the survey sequence for 1 week. In total, 5 daytime surveys and 1 evening survey, each day, assessed participants’ listening environment, social activity, and conversational engagement. A semistructured exit telephone interview probed the acceptability of the method. As markers of feasibility, we assessed the enrollment rate, study completion rate, reason for noncompletion, EMA survey response rate, and likelihood of reporting an issue with survey alerts and requested assistance from researchers, family, or friends.ResultsEnrollment rates among invitees (63.3% vs 38.2%; P=.004) and completion rates among enrollees (83.9% vs 53.8%; P<.001) were higher in the experienced than in the naïve EMA group. On average, experienced participants responded to 64.1% (SD 30.2%) of the daytime EMA surveys, and naïve participants responded to 54.3% (SD 29.5%) of the daytime EMA surveys (P=.27). Among participants who retrospectively reported issues with survey alerts, only 19% (3/16) requested researcher assistance during data collection. Older participants were more likely to report not being alerted to EMA surveys (P=.008), but age was unrelated to all other markers of feasibility. Post hoc analyses of the effect of the phone operating system on markers of feasibility revealed that response rates were higher among iOS users (mean 74.8%, SD 20.25%) than among Android users (mean 48.5%, SD 31.35%; P=.002).ConclusionsSmartphone app–based noncontact EMA appears to be feasible, although participants with previous EMA experience, younger participants, and iOS users performed better on certain markers of feasibility. Measures to increase feasibility may include extensive testing of the app with different phone types, encouraging participants to seek timely assistance for any issues experienced, and recruiting participants who have some previous EMA experience where possible. The limitations of this study include participants’ varying levels of existing relationship with the researcher and the implications of collecting data during the COVID-19 social restrictions.

The Effects of Smartphone Use on Life Satisfaction in Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Depressive Symptoms.

As the number of smartphone use by older adults increases, investigating the effects of smartphone use on health outcome become important in healthcare. This study aimed to investigate the effects of smartphone use on life satisfaction and the mediating role of depressive symptoms in older adults. This is a secondary data analysis study using the 2017 Korean Media Panel Survey. A total of 2071 respondents aged 65 years and older were analyzed to examine the effects of mobile phone type (no mobile phone/2G phone/smartphone) on life satisfaction. Among the respondents, data from 680 smartphone owners were analyzed to find the effects of the level of smartphone use on life satisfaction. The 2G mobile phone and smartphone owner groups showed significant positive effects on life satisfaction compared with the no mobile phone group, respectively. The level of smartphone use showed significant positive effects on life satisfaction. Depressive symptoms played a mediating role in both models. Smartphone use showed positive effects on life satisfaction in older adults. Nurses should promote the well-being of older adults and minimize the digital health gap in the future by increasing older adults' smartphone use through multi-level approaches.

Forecasting quantities of critical raw materials in obsolete feature and smart phones in Greece: A path to circular economy

Mobile phones represent an ever-increasing waste stream due to the increasing ownership and short lifetime. In particular, smartphones are among the most valuable e-waste because of their extremely high content of numerous key metals, specifically in the printed circuit board and magnets. As feature and smart phones contain different key metals at different concentrations, it is important to distinguish between the two phone types to make reliable estimations. This study presents estimations of obsolete mobile phones quantities, generated in Greece in 1995–2035 and the Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) and Precious Metals (PMs) embedded in them, making a differentiation between feature and smart phones. The dynamic material flow analysis is adopted, the lifespan is evaluated by the Weibull distribution and future sales are predicted by the logistic model incorporating phases of growth, saturation and decline. Then, the future wastes are predicted by the Market Supply A model. According to the results, the generation of obsolete smartphones is constantly increasing, while the waste flows of feature phones are declining. Efficient recycling of obsolete phones (1995–2020) can cover the demand for key metals (Au, Pd, Co) in the new smartphones for more than a decade in Greece, while the demand for Ag, Sb, Si, Zn, Be, Ti will be covered for more than 15 years. In 2020–2035 the accumulated amounts of CRMs and PMs, only from the smartphone waste, will be 1292.02 and 14.11 tonnes, respectively. The findings can contribute to the management of a valuable e-waste category closing the loop between resources-products-wastes.

Mobile Phone Radiation Deflects Brain Energy Homeostasis and Prompts Human Food Ingestion.

Obesity and mobile phone usage have simultaneously spread worldwide. Radio frequency-modulated electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) emitted by mobile phones are largely absorbed by the head of the user, influence cerebral glucose metabolism, and modulate neuronal excitability. Body weight adjustment, in turn, is one of the main brain functions as food intake behavior and appetite perception underlie hypothalamic regulation. Against this background, we questioned if mobile phone radiation and food intake may be related. In a single-blind, sham-controlled, randomized crossover comparison, 15 normal-weight young men (23.47 ± 0.68 years) were exposed to 25 min of RF-EMFs emitted by two different mobile phone types vs. sham radiation under fasting conditions. Spontaneous food intake was assessed by an ad libitum standard buffet test and cerebral energy homeostasis was monitored by 31phosphorus-magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements. Exposure to both mobile phones strikingly increased overall caloric intake by 22–27% compared with the sham condition. Differential analyses of macronutrient ingestion revealed that higher calorie consumption was mainly due to enhanced carbohydrate intake. Measurements of the cerebral energy content, i.e., adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine ratios to inorganic phosphate, displayed an increase upon mobile phone radiation. Our results identify RF-EMFs as a potential contributing factor to overeating, which underlies the obesity epidemic. Beyond that, the observed RF-EMFs-induced alterations of the brain energy homeostasis may put our data into a broader context because a balanced brain energy homeostasis is of fundamental importance for all brain functions. Potential disturbances by electromagnetic fields may therefore exert some generalized neurobiological effects, which are not yet foreseeable.

Research on an intelligent disassembling method for multi-type mobile phones based on rough set theory

Waste mobile phones (WMPs), as a type of electronic waste, must be properly disposed of, so as not to pollute the environment. WMPs should be non-destructively dismantled, to recycle useful resources and produce considerable economic benefits, as they contain many rare metals. Dismantling equipment, though, is hard to adapt to multiple types of mobile phones, since many models are produced each year. A smart classification and dismantling method for mobile phones is thus proposed here. The feature attributes of different types of mobile phones are collected, and the weight of feature attributes for mobile phone disassembly is obtained via rough set theory. With many pipelines already designed, mobile phones without existing disassembly schemes can be assigned a scheme by calculating their similarity with multiple existing pipelines based on the feature attributes of the phone. The disassembly scheme most similar to the mobile phone to be disassembled is selected for disassembly and the disassembly scheme of the mobile phone is designed according to that disassembly situation. This article analyzes the disassembly station appropriate for the mobile phone rear cover. The results show that the similarity judgment of the scheme is reasonable. It is assumed that there is an available assembly line database. As time goes on, the database can be updated by continuously collecting the disassembly information of new mobile phones, to further increase the stability of assembly line selection.

COVID-19 related knowledge sharing practice and associated factors among healthcare providers worked in COVID-19 treatment centers at teaching hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundCOVID-19 is a pandemic that causes many deaths and disrupts the lives of the world population on an unprecedented scale. Healthcare providers are on the frontline in the struggle against this pandemic. In this regard, knowledge sharing is very crucial for healthcare professionals to provide safe, effective, and quality patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accurate and timely COVID-19 related knowledge helps for making evidence-based decisions, during the management of the pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to assess COVID-19 related knowledge sharing practices and associated factors among healthcare providers who worked in COVID-19 treatment centers at specialized teaching hospitals in the Amhara Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia. MethodAn institutional-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from April 1 to May 30, 2021. The study included 476 healthcare providers who worked in COVID-19 treatment centers at specialized teaching hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia. A pretested and structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. EpiData 4.6 and SPSS version 23 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Bi-variable and Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the dependent variable. A P-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. ResultA total of 454 respondents, with a response rate of 95.4%, were participated in the study. About, 55.3% (95% CI: 51–60.2) of healthcare providers had a good level of COVID-19 knowledge-sharing practice. Phone type [AOR = 4.05, 95% CI (1.99–8.25)], computer access [AOR = 2.09, 95% CI (1.12–3.92)], awareness [AOR = 2.01, 95% CI (1.20–3.39)], willingness [AOR = 1.77, 95% CI (1.05–2.97)] and educational status [AOR = 2.94, 95% CI (1.92–5.71)] were significantly associated with the COVID-19 knowledge sharing practices in the multivariable logistic regression model. ConclusionThe finding implied that above half of the healthcare providers in this study setting were good at sharing their COVID-19 related knowledge. Policymakers, government, and other concerned bodies should stress to improve computer access, awareness creation, enhancing healthcare providers' willingness to share their COVID-19 related knowledge, introducing smartphone technology, and rising healthcare providers’ educational status are necessary measures to improve COVID-19 related knowledge sharing practice in this study setting.