Types Of Organizations Research Articles

Organizing for peace: The organizational behaviors of business amid conflict

Business-and-peace research has explored the avenues by which organizations can engage in peacebuilding activity, yet little is known about the types of organizations that create peace or about how these differ compared to those that either ignore peace or enhance conflict. Peacebuilding organizations require distinct operating logics and capabilities that promote concord among social groups, and they can take the form of hybrid organizations—those that pursue profit in a commercial logic while also addressing social objectives. But not all hybrid organizations with social objectives, such as poverty reduction or equality, are able to promote peace. In this article, we identify the organizational capacity to fuse intergroup sensitivity into operations as a crucial factor that distinguishes hybrid organizations capable of peacebuilding from other organizational forms. The discussion provides guidance for practitioners on fostering such organizations, while warning against the assumptions found in business-and-peace literature that describes how ethical conduct and unguided social agendas can promote peace.

Justice for institutional child abuse survivors: Comparing views from survivor and non-survivor led advocacy groups

BackgroundHow victims and survivors of non-recent institutional child abuse – and the advocacy groups that support them – conceptualise justice has become a central concern for policy makers designing redress schemes. ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore articulations of justice by two types of advocacy organisations in Australia – survivor and non-survivor led groups – by examining transcripts from public hearings of the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse. Participants and SettingHearings held in 2015 for Case Study 25: Redress and Civil Litigation were analysed. The analysis focuses on five survivor led groups and 13 non-survivor led groups. MethodsUsing a framework adapted from Daly (2014, 2017), qualitative content and thematic analysis was used to analyse transcript data to identify “survival needs” and “justice interests”. ResultsFor survivor led groups, validation was the most frequently coded justice interest, while for the non-survivor led groups, the category of survival needs was the most frequently recorded element. ConclusionsAdvocacy groups contribute highly valuable insights and perspectives to redress consultation and design processes. A key justice interest emphasised by survivor led groups was the need for public acknowledgement of how offending institutions wield power, both in the abuse of children and in the subsequent strategies employed to ensure survival of the institution and avoid justice processes. For non-survivor led groups, communicating their professional expertise about what victims and survivors need from a redress scheme was paramount.

Information System for Financial Management and Human Resource Proficiency and Accountability for Financial Statements: An Indonesian Case Study

The purpose of this study is to investigate how organizational culture, human resource competency, and financial management information system variables affect the financial reporting responsibility of village governments. Using a straightforward random sample method, 65 villages from the two districts made up the sample. The data from this study were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The outcomes demonstrated that Human resource competency, organizational culture, and financial management information systems—the three differentiators in the two districts—have a major positive impact on accountability when it comes to creating village government financial reports in Tabanan Regency. In Badung Regency, on the other hand, organizational culture has little bearing because work cultures vary throughout village governments. Local culture serves as the foundation for organizational culture in the Tabanan regency, whereas organizational culture in the Badung regency is examined and implemented differently, suggesting that no organizational culture type is better than any other. This implies that depending on how and when organizational goals are to be achieved, all types can work together and in tandem with one another.

Penerapan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Seleksi Dosen Non Komputer Terbaik Menggunakan Metode Weighted Product (WP)

Lecturers are individuals who have professional and scientific expertise, with the main task of changing, developing and disseminating knowledge, technology and art through educational activities, research and community service. Until now, the selection process for Non-Computer Lecturers has focused on experience as an educator, although there are several other criteria that can be used as a basis for selecting Non-Computer Lecturers. These criteria include Grade Point Average (GPA), ability to collaborate in a team, physical and mental health, expertise in interpersonal skills, and ability in Micro Teaching. The selection process for Non-Computer Lecturers requires support from a decision support system (DSS). DSS is part of a computer-based information system (including knowledge-based systems) that is used to assist in decision making in various types of organizations or entities. In this research, the Weighted Product (WP) method is used to select the best Non-Computer Lecturers. The choice of this method is based on its ability to evaluate and select the best solution from a variety of available alternatives. The results obtained from this research are that alternative A1 with the name Lecturer "Melda Panjaitan, M.Pd" with a value of Vi = 0.2220 is the best alternative.

Desiderata for discoverability and FAIR adoption of health data hubs

BackgroundThe future European Health Research and Innovation Cloud (HRIC), as fundamental part of the European Health Data Space (EHDS), will promote the secondary use of data and the capabilities to push the boundaries of health research within an ethical and legally compliant framework that reinforces the trust of patients and citizens. ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyse health data management mechanisms in Europe to determine their alignment with FAIR principles and data discovery generating best.practices for new data hubs joining the HRIC ecosystem. In this line, the compliance of health data hubs with FAIR principles and data discovery were assessed, and a set of best practices for health data hubs was concluded. MethodsA survey was conducted in January 2022, involving 99 representative health data hubs from multiple countries, and 42 responses were obtained in June 2022. Stratification methods were employed to cover different levels of granularity. The survey data was analysed to assess compliance with FAIR and data discovery principles. The study started with a general analysis of survey responses, followed by the creation of specific profiles based on three categories: organization type, function, and level of data aggregation. ResultsThe study produced specific best practices for data hubs regarding the adoption of FAIR principles and data discoverability. It also provided an overview of the survey study and specific profiles derived from category analysis, considering different types of data hubs. ConclusionsThe study concluded that a significant number of health data hubs in Europe did not fully comply with FAIR and data discovery principles. However, the study identified specific best practices that can guide new data hubs in adhering to these principles. The study highlighted the importance of aligning health data management mechanisms with FAIR principles to enhance interoperability and reusability in the future HRIC.

Research Progress of Digital Social Innovation

Digital social innovation has been rapidly emerging around the world and is attracting more and more attention. By collating and reviewing the relevant literature of digital social innovation, the current research status is summarized, and the potential research direction in the future is analyzed. It is found that the role of digital social innovation is influenced by the development level of information and communication technology, the construction level of digital infrastructure and the commitment level of digital technicians at the technical level, the size and type of organizations and the innovation ability of organizations at the organizational level, and the policy, economic and social environment at the environmental level. The role of digital social innovation in more fields, the role of social organizations and the local practice of digital social innovation are future research directions.

Measuring the relationship between reciprocity behaviour and technology readiness of nursing staff working in residential care and community nursing: A cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study is to measure how collaborative factors are associated with the technology readiness of nursing staff working in residential care and community nursing. The Reciprocity Instrument and Technology Readiness Index 2.0 were applied to measure this association. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 2020 and January 2021. The Technology Readiness Index 2.0 was translated into Dutch, administered together with the Reciprocity Instrument and linguistically validated. And 1660 Registered Nurses and Nursing Assistants received an invitation to the online survey. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to analyse the data. A total of 475 nursing staff responded, a response rate of 28.6%. The following factors have a statistically significant association with technology readiness: age, education level, years of working experience, type of organization, reciprocity behaviour and conditions of reciprocity behaviour: digital communication usage to reach one another, multilayeredness and future perspective. This study shows that reciprocity behaviour is positively associated with technology readiness. The influencing factor reciprocity remains intact after the correction of the other factors that were measured. This confirms the relevance of collaborative factors that influence the technology adoption process of nursing staff working in residential care and community nursing. This study offers insights into how collaboration based on reciprocity behaviour positively impacts the technology readiness of nursing staff engaged in residential care and community nursing and could be used in the education of nursing staff and healthcare teams. Being aware of the impact that collaborative factors have on the adoption process of ICT among nursing staff could be used to support the desired preparatory activities as part of ICT implementation for healthcare managers, innovators, and nursing work groups charged with implementing technology in the healthcare process. The study has adhered to STROBE guidelines. No Patient or Public Contribution.

Converging on Institutional Logics: The Expansion of Syringe Service Programs in a Midwest State

ABSTRACT Institutional logics are theoretical constructs that describe how organizations and other actors make sense of, and organize their everyday practices. This paper describes how syringe service programs (SSPs) have incorporated disparate institutional logics in efforts to meet the needs of a stigmatized population. SSPs are a type of human service organization that allows intravenous drug users (IDUs) to obtain unused needles, stemming the spread of bloodborne infections. Using qualitative interviews with 26 SSP employees at 22 SSP programs in a Midwestern US state, we reveal how these individuals understand how their organizations adapt to different logics (community, state, and professional) during changes in the field. We use Skelcher and Smith’s types of organizational hybridity to describe how SSPs incorporate different institutional logics into their work. Implications for understanding what happens at the organizational and field level as external pressures shape organizational activity and logic adoption are discussed.

Determinants and benefits of over‐certification: A signaling theory perspective

AbstractDifferent types of organizations use certifications to reduce information asymmetry in an extensive range of business activities. In some cases, the widespread use of certifications can lead to multiple competing and overlapping standards. Some organizations also obtain similar certifications in a process defined as over‐certification, which is understudied in the literature. The primary objective of this study is to identify the determinants of the over‐certification process, specifically regarding the influence of stakeholders that motivate organizations to engage in over‐certification. Grounded in both signaling and stakeholder theories, this study confirms the isomorphic effect of stakeholders' pressures that creates different motivations for using different (but similar) certifications. An empirical analysis of a sample of 418 European organizations highlights that the decoupling in the interest in certifications is the main antecedent of over‐certification in relation to corporate social responsibility‐related certifications. Our results also show that the occurrence of over‐certification in organizations is mainly due to its ability to impact corporate reputation, confirming the signaling value of different (but similar) certifications.

Long-Term Outcomes of Thymoma Treated at a Single Institute

Introduction Thymomas are uncommon tumors that originate from epithelial cells of thymus and may have varying clinical course. Materials and Methods A retrospective review of medical records of thymoma patients treated between January 2012 and April 2022 at our institute was conducted. Results There were a total of 23 patients (12 males and 11 females) with median age of 52 years (range, 33–77 years). Eleven patients (47.8%) had associated paraneoplastic syndromes of which 10 (43.5%) had myasthenia gravis and 1 (4.3%) had pure red cell aplasia. Average maximal tumor diameter was 62 mm (28–160 mm). Masaoka-Koga stage distribution was as follows: stage I (n = 2, 8.7%), IIA (n = 4, 17.4%), IIB (n = 1, 4.3%), IIIA (n = 2, 8.7%), IIIB (n = 4, 17.4%), IVA (n = 7, 30.4%), and IVB (n = 3, 13.1%). The World Health Organization type B2 was the commonest histology (n = 12, 52.17%), followed by B3 (n =7, 30.4%), B1 (n = 2, 8.7%), AB (n = 1,4.3%), and A (n = 1, 4.3%). Six patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide regimen, 22 (95.6%) underwent surgery, and 1 patient received adjuvant chemotherapy. R0 resection was attained in 20 (91%) patients, R1 resection in 1 (4.5%) patient, and R2 in 1 (4.5%) patient. All operated patients underwent postoperative radiotherapy (45–60 Gy in 25–30 fractions). Four patients relapsed at a median duration of 14 months (2–26 months). At a median follow-up of 6 years, 5-year overall survival was 67.1% and 5-year progression-free survival was 66.6%. Local control at 5 years was 86.6%. Conclusion Despite majority of our patients presenting at an advanced stage, the local control rates are encouraging and reinforce multimodality approach.

Evaluating the financial reporting quality under changes in accounting standards of the Indian textile sector

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the literature on Lean Management and Lean Six Sigma (LM/LSS) in local government organizations (LGOs). Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to extract the most relevant academic publications on LM/LSS in LGOs. ProQuest, Web of Science and Engineering Village were used to obtain the publication set. Studies were then analyzed based on author characteristics, research design characteristics and content characteristics. Findings The SLR yielded 53 academic publications. The primary finding is that this research area has recently received an increase in attention within these types of organizations. While this research area attracts new scholars every year, there remains insufficient collaboration across different research groups. Research methods, outcomes and future research areas were also investigated to comprehensively evaluate the literature and specify new research opportunities. Research limitations/implications Although the SLR is a rigorous research methodology used to gather relevant publications, it is limited to the chosen information sources (i.e. platforms) to obtain the publications. Therefore, the researchers used multiple sources to maximize the likelihood of capturing publications related to this topic. Practical implications The insights presented here provide a foundational reference for researchers interested in investigating and exploring future research opportunities associated with LM/LSS in LGOs. Originality/value This study adds value to the research community through its detailed characterization and analysis of the existing research literature on LM/LSS within LGOs, an area that remains largely unexplored in the academic literature. By providing a rigorous understanding of the current status of this research area, this work responds to a notable gap. The review of the existing literature suggests that this effort represents the first comprehensive examination of the research literature on the evolution of LM/LSS, specifically focusing on LGOs as the primary application unit of interest.

Standardization Gaps in European Disaster Management

Abstract The management of large-scale disasters, caused for example by natural hazards, industrial accidents or terror attacks, requires collaboration of different types of organizations. The organizations can use different equipment and tools, follow different strategies and procedures, or have different understandings of relevant terms. These differences, increasingly complex when it comes to international cooperation, can cause severe lack of interoperability that can result in vital time delays. An approach to increase interoperability in European disaster management is to standardize solutions, such as technical tools, procedures or terminology. However, standardization is not always trivial, in some cases it is impossible, in others there are challenges to overcome. In context of an EU initiative to facilitate and push standardization across all fields of European disaster management, an initial step was to gather standardization gaps in a comprehensive manner. Standardization gaps are the result of comparing end-users’ standardization needs with existing standards. Selected results of the gap analysis are presented in this article, and put into context of the general structure of disaster management standardization. Related challenges such as the proper involvement of all relevant stakeholders, and specific characteristics of the disaster management domain are addressed, and suggestions for a way forward are provided.

ChatGPT is Ready for the Profession—But is the Profession Ready for ChatGPT?

SYNOPSIS We investigate the accounting profession’s readiness for ChatGPT through a survey study of 136 practitioners and an interview with two experts. We find that accounting professionals are inexperienced with ChatGPT and use ChatGPT mostly for administrative tasks. However, they plan to use ChatGPT for more value-added tasks in the future. Leveraging a modified technology acceptance model (TAM), we find that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and personal innovativeness are three factors encouraging ChatGPT adoption. However, perceived risk hinders adoption, whereas trust does not impact the adoption. We also find that organizational leaders have a stronger intention to use ChatGPT than lower-level employees. Compared with practitioners from other types of organizations, practitioners from public accounting firms exhibit stronger personal innovativeness toward using ChatGPT but also experience less positive attitude toward ChatGPT. We also provide an “interim scorecard” and other actionable insights that are of interest to both practitioners and academics. Data Availability: Contact the first author. JEL Classifications: M40; M41.

Navigating identity through social media: Twitter use of Muslim-American nonprofits

Social media enables nonprofits to communicate with stakeholders. Literature has primarily focused on the social media communication of mostly large and secular nonprofit organisations. This study contributes to this literature by looking at nonprofits’ social media activity belonging to religious minorities, specifically the Muslim-American nonprofit sector. Using Lovejoy and Saxton’s (2012) Hierarchy of Engagement framework, we find that Muslim-American nonprofits conventionally use social media for information, community, and action messaging. However, these nonprofits also utilise social media to encourage religious practices and strongly advocate for Muslim rights. We also find that organisational identity affects social media framing as organisational type affects the type of topics these organisations pick to advocate on social media. Moreover, organisational size also affects social media activity, as smaller organisations are more likely to use social media for fundraising purposes.

재건축사업에서 사업주체자의 역량이 조직효과성에 미치는 영향

This study examined how the empowerment of housing reconstruction project leader affects organizational effectiveness in order to suggest improvement measures to prevent project delays in the process of housing reconstruction projects. To this end, a survey was conducted among members who have experienced housing reconstruction projects in Gwacheon, and descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were conducted. The results showed that the ethical leadership, expertise, transparency, and participation of reconstruction project leader was significant in increasing organizational effectiveness. In addition, moral and ethical leadership was analyzed as an important factor in the organizational effectiveness of reconstruction project union, which are a special type of organization. This study is significant in that it examined the role of organizational effectiveness in the reconstruction project in the process of promoting the projects based on the trust of the members from the initial stage. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basis for policy improvement to improve the residential environment in old cities, including the first phase of new towns, and to improve the business satisfaction of landowners.

Russian scientists’ motivation and research performance issue

The paper deals with the problem of uncovering the motivation structure of Russian scientists’ research, assessing the role learning and self-fulfillment motives play in it and the way those motives are connected to their performance indicators. In order to do that, we propose a model of connection between needs and priority motives characteristic for scientists, uncover a hierarchy of research motives and the level of their fulfillment on the job, define a motivational core and explain its factor structure. We used data from an online survey of Russian scientists (N = 551) taken in the second half of 2022 as a database for our study. We have discovered two main motives for doing research: pleasure gained from one’s work and work independence. They are typical for more than a half of scientists. We found that the work independence motive had a substantial impact on performance. We estimated that out of independent variables used for the analysis, the variations in the academic degree, research field and organization type where scientists were employed had the most differentiating effect on the motivation structure. The factor analysis of motives manifesting in research enabled us to find a single factor propped up by learning values per se, unrelated to tangible, pragmatic or prestige concerns. Links to that factor yielded characteristics typical for increased productivity. Our conclusion is that motivation has a chance to remain a reliable element of scientific human capital only when intangible motives clearly dominate tangible ones.

Why co-working spaces in an analogical environment exhibit different recovery abilities under the COVID-19 shock? Evidence from China

Although co-working spaces have attracted significant attention as a type of platform organisation in the sharing economy, little is known about why some spaces faced with an analogical environment demonstrate obvious differences in recovery abilities after sudden shocks, such as the one caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. To understand this novel phenomenon, we collected data from the Chengdu high-tech zone and employed grounded theory and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to identify the possible causal configurations for high levels of resilience in small and medium-sized platform organisations. Our findings reveal that (1) there are five antecedent configurations that multi-morphologically lead to the same outcome; (2) compared with other antecedent conditions, networking ability and diverse value co-creation with customers play more important roles in the formation of a high level of co-working spaces’ resilience; (3) under certain circumstances, a substitutional relationship exists between industrial experience and communication ability; and (4) when the endogenous factors of organisations (e.g. their abilities and resources) coincide with complex external environments, organisational resilience is expressed. In this manner, our study contributes to the organisational resilience literature and research on co-working spaces. Some practical suggestions for the sustainable development of co-working spaces are also provided.

Chilean national policy councils: a heterogeneous type of public organization for governance

PropósitoEste artículo tiene como objetivo explorar, caracterizar y discutir la noción de los Consejos Nacionales de Política (CNPs) como organizaciones públicas para la gobernanza en la gestión pública chilena.Diseño/metodología/aproximaciónSe identificó un subconjunto de CNP activos de la gestión pública chilena, que fueron caracterizados y analizados siguiendo esquemas utilizados previamente.ResultadosLos resultados muestran heterogeneidad en el diseño de los CNP con diferencias entre varias características clave. Se proponen explicaciones para esta heterogeneidad basadas en un enfoque evolutivo y la vaguedad del concepto. Estas nociones son resultados relevantes para la discusión académica y la implementación práctica de los CNP.NovedadLa novedad de esta investigación se basa en evaluar los CNP de diferentes dominios de política en un análisis intra-país, comparando sus características principales y configuración para determinar si los CNP podrían ser comprendidos y tratados como un tipo único de organización pública.

A hierarchy index for networks in the brain reveals a complex entangled organizational structure

Networks involved in information processing often have their nodes arranged hierarchically, with the majority of connections occurring in adjacent levels. However, despite being an intuitively appealing concept, the hierarchical organization of large networks, such as those in the brain, is difficult to identify, especially in absence of additional information beyond that provided by the connectome. In this paper, we propose a framework to uncover the hierarchical structure of a given network, that identifies the nodes occupying each level as well as the sequential order of the levels. It involves optimizing a metric that we use to quantify the extent of hierarchy present in a network. Applying this measure to various brain networks, ranging from the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to the human connectome, we unexpectedly find that they exhibit a common network architectural motif intertwining hierarchy and modularity. This suggests that brain networks may have evolved to simultaneously exploit the functional advantages of these two types of organizations, viz., relatively independent modules performing distributed processing in parallel and a hierarchical structure that allows sequential pooling of these multiple processing streams. An intriguing possibility is that this property we report may be common to information processing networks in general.

Sustainability and Ecotourism: the Learning Process of a Small Business in Mexico

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the implementation process of ecotourism, with the aim of understanding the different forms of knowledge generation and learning in a company with precolonial references. Theoretical Framework: This topic presents the main concepts and theories that support the research through the critical perspective of Organizational Studies. The binomial knowledge-organizational learning stands out, providing a solid foundation to understand the context of the research. Method: The methodology adopted for this research includes a case study based on a qualitative approach with a phenomenological approach. Interviews were conducted with members of the organizations and advisors who supported the implementation of the ecotourism model. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews, participant observation and document analysis. Data were analyzed with an interactive model using an inductive approach. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed the influence that the origin and ownership of the land has on the process of conception and practice of ecotourism. In the discussion section, cooperation between community members stands out as essential in the management of knowledge and learning, and the achievement of organizational objectives. Implications of the research: These implications could cover the theoretical-methodological limits to understand these organizational forms that live between premodernity and modernity and the need to generate sustainable reproductive, consumption, distribution and maintenance systems. Organizational Studies present a critical vision in the analysis between the complementarities and contradictions that underpin the implementation and practice of ecotourism. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by exposing the nature of this type of organizations with precolonial references where ecotourism merges with the traditions, rituals and worldviews of the community, exposing tensions and paradoxes of an organizational model that incorporates contradictory elements and at the same time complementary, such as sustainable development. The relevance and value of this research is evident in understanding the knowledge-learning process from the perspective of the subjects and the practical application in the implementation of ecotourism based on the nature of land ownership.