Organic Type Research Articles

The Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Plant Waste, Livestock Waste, and Fish Waste on Growth of Marigold

This study used a completely randomized design with six treatments consisting of four types of liquid organic fertilizer, NPK Mutiara fertilizer, and control (without fertilizer) which was repeated four times. The results showed that the treatment of liquid organic fertilizer had a significant (P< 0.05) to very significant (P< 0.01) effect on the growth and yield of marigold flower plants. The highest weight of marigold flowers per plant was found in the treatment of liquid organic fertilizer mixed with plant waste, livestock waste, and fish waste of 79.70 g, followed by treatment of liquid organic fertilizer of fish waste at 59.13 g, liquid organic fertilizer from livestock waste at 51.43 g, NPK Mutiara fertilizer of 34.78 g, plant waste of 28.17 g, and the lowest flower weight per plant was found in the control (without fertilizer) of 25.57 g per plant. The mixed liquid organic fertilizer treatment gave the best effect, which was able to increase the number of marigold flowers up to 246 %, flower diameter 114 %, flower fresh weight 137 %, and flower weight per plant up to 311. 69 % compared to the control.

Effect of organic fertilizers on agrochemical properties of soil and growth, development and yield of cotton

At present, the yield of cotton depends on the applied agrotechnological measures, the timing of application, the norm and type of mineral or organic fertilizers, as well as on the natural fertility of the soil, the level of crops and a number of similar measures. Maintaining and improving soil fertility is essential for sustainable agriculture. Its agrochemical properties play an important role in soil fertility. Maintaining and improving soil fertility is essential for sustainable agriculture. Its agrochemical properties play an important role in soil fertility. Cotton nutrition, growth development, yield and product quality depend on the agrochemical properties of the soil and its nutrition regime. Organic fertilizers play an important role in improving soil fertility, especially its agrochemical properties. Organic fertilizers have a complex effect on the soil and have a positive effect on the growth, development and productivity of agricultural crops, including cotton. The main substance that determines soil fertility is humus. The higher the quantity and quality of humus, the higher the yield. However, according to most scientists, the amount of humus in the soil has decreased significantly over the past 30-40 years. Organic fertilizer in fact is an effective influencing factor that improves the quality of the crop. Therefore, it is important to maintain and increase soil fertility, taking into account the properties of organic fertilizers in the soil.

Application of Organic Coal Fertilizer and Rabbit Farm Waste on Pumelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) Seed Growth

The pumelo population in Bali is declining one is caused of a lack of good-quality seeds. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of organic coal fertilizer and rabbit farm waste as organic fertilizers for the growth of pomelo grafting seedlings. The research design used a nested pattern randomized block design with 3 replications. There are two factors, the first factor is the type of fertilizer, which are Coal fertilizers, Rabbit Farm Waste fertilizers, and Cow Manure fertilizers. The second factor is the dose of each type of fertilizer which consists of 3 levels, namely: 10 tons/ha; 20 tons/ha; and 30 tons/ha. The results showed that the effectiveness of the treatment of the type of organic fertilizer and the dose of the type of organic fertilizer had no significant effect on all observed variables. This shows that both coal fertilizer and rabbit manure have almost the same quality as cow manure in influencing the growth of pomelo seedlings. The effectiveness of fertilizers tested on the average shoot length of grafting tends to show the highest yields obtained at the highest dose (30 tons/ha), namely Coal fertilizer which is 28.80 cm, rabbit manure is 31.87 cm, and cow manure obtained is 28.13 cm.

Pengaruh Pupuk Bokashi Kanddang Ayam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium Ascalonicum)

The effort taken to increase shallot production both in quality and quantity is to use fertilizer. One type of organic fertilizer that will be used is bokashi chicken manure. Bokashi is a fermentation of organic matter by inoculation of EM4 which is a mixed culture of beneficial microorganisms for plant growth such as Lactobacillus sp, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes and yeast. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cutting tubers and applying various doses of chicken manure bokashi on the growth and production of shallots. The method used was a randomized block design in the form of a two-factor factorial where the first factor was the cutting of the seed tubers (p) which consisted of without cutting the ends of the tubers (p1) and cutting the ends of the tubers (p2). The second factor was the treatment of several doses of chicken manure bokashi (b) which consisted of several levels, namely 2 kg of chicken manure bokashi/plot (b1), 4 kg of chicken manure bokashi/plot (b2) and 6 kg of chicken manure bokashi/plot. tile (b3). There was a significant interaction between cutting tubers and the dose of bokashi chicken manure 4 kg plot-1 which affected the growth of shallot plants

Growth Performance of Oil Palm Seedlings on Different Types of Organic Fertilizer

Fertilizer and soil nutrient management is important to sustain the productivity of nursery systems for oil palm seedling. Inorganic fertilizer usually applies to the oil palm seedling in nursery. The problem of the inorganic fertilizer nowadays is the price is quite expensive and can cause pollution if not manage well. So, by changes the inorganic to organic fertilizer, farmers can reduce their cost, and can gets many benefits through the usage of organic fertilizer. This study investigated the effects of organic fertilizer on growth performance and development of oil palm seedling. 3-month-old Tenera oil palm seedling was treated with an organic fertilizer (10 g of goat manure, 10 gram of fish waste and 10 gram of coffee waste). Control treatments were left untreated. Growth of seedling, plant morphology, plant physiology and soil pH were measured to compare among the treatments. Application of organic fertilizer significantly increased number of fronds about 28% to 46% compare from the control treatment, 28% to 41% increment in plant girth for treatment that treat with organic fertilizer, and significantly increase chlorophyll content of oil palm seedling leaves more than 11% for organic fertilizer application but not significantly increase the plant height and relative growth control (RGR). Several treatments on different organic fertilizer, like soil pH and relative water content (RWC), not significantly different from control but application of organic fertilizer help to increase the soil pH and help to increase the percentage of RWC in plant. These finding indicates that application of different organic fertilizer help to improve several morphology characteristics like number of fronds, and plant girth. It also can help to increase the chlorophyll content in leaves and help to improved soil pH. In future, application of organic fertilizer can be fully utilized for growth and development of oil palm seedling in nursery where it can help to reduce the usage inorganic fertilizer and help to reduce the cost of the nursery.

Upland rice growth on giving of biochar and organic fertilizer

Upland rice is a food crop commodity that can be cultivated on dry land. Increasing soil fertility on dry land can be through the addition of organic materials in the form of biochar and organic fertilizers. The aim of this research was to examine the growth of upland rice on the application of several types of biochar and organic fertilizers. The research was conducted in Sukosari Jumantono Village, Karanganyar in March-June 2022. The research used completely randomized block design. The first factor was type of biochar (without biochar, coconut shell biochar, rice husk biochar, strobilanthes biochar) and the second factor was type of organic fertilizer (without organic fertilizer, chicken manure, goat manure, cow manure) with three replications. Data analysis using Analysis of Variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the application of biochar and organic fertilizers was not able to increase plant height, fresh weight of biomass, dry weight of biomass and leaf area of upland rice. The application of biochar can increase the leaves number and tiller number of upland rice at 4-6 weeks after planting (WAP). Coconut shell biochar produced the highest leaves number and tillers numbers than rice husk biochar and strobilanthes biochar.

Soybean morphology and physiology in mahogany agroforestry system with organic fertilizer application

Land conversion causes a decrease in the area of agricultural land, so that agricultural cultivation efforts through agroforestry systems are needed, such as planting between mahogany trees. The aim of the study was to examine the morphological and physiological responses of soybeans to organic fertilizers in mahogany-based agroforestry systems. The study consisted of a single factor, namely the type of organic fertilizer using a completely randomized block design. Treatment of types of fertilizers with four levels, namely: chemical fertilizer, chicken, goats and cow manure. The results showed that the type of organic fertilizer affected soybean morphology, namely plant height 3 and 4 WAP, leaf number 4 WAP, and soybean physiology, namely total chlorophyll. The plant height and the number of leaves were highest in the cow manure fertilizer. Chicken manure produced the highest total chlorophyll, which was 0.0743 mg/g. Total chlorophyll count was positively correlated with the amount of chlorophyll a and b. In addition, plant fresh weight was positively correlated with plant biomass. Soybean has the potential to be cultivated in agroforestry systems and the addition of nutrients with organic fertilizers.

Penyuluhan Pembuatan Pupuk Bokashi dari Kotoran Ayam dan Abu Sekam di Nagari Mungka

COUNSELING ON MAKING BOKASHI FERTILIZER FROM CHICKEN MANURE AND HUSK ASH IN NAGARI MUNGKA. Community activities in the field of livestock are growing in Nagari Mungka, especially raising chickens. However, the processing of chicken manure waste is not handled properly. This may be due to the lack of public knowledge about this waste processing technique. This counseling aims to improve the knowledge and skills of chicken farmers in making bokashi fertilizer from chicken feces in Nagari Mungka, Lima Puluh Kota District. Bokashi fertilizer is a type of organic fertilizer that uses decomposers in the manufacturing process. The basic ingredients for this bokashi fertilizer are chicken feces, husk ash, bran and EM4. The counseling activity includes presentation of material, demonstration and evaluation of activity. Chicken farmers receive the knowledge about the benefits of bokashi fertilizer, how to make it and how to market it if it has the potential to be sold. This activity has a great influence on chicken farmers because this activity is very useful and right on target. Chicken farmers look enthusiastic in participating in the activities. The result of this community service activity is the increased knowledge and skills of breeders in processing chicken manure into bokashi fertilizer and have the desire to try and apply it.

Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi Hijau terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Organik

One of the efforts to increase soil productivity, fertilization efficiency and yield increase is the application of environmentally friendly fertilization technologies. The purpose of the study was to determine the the growth response and yield of mustard greens to the application of organic fertilizer, and which organic fertilizer gave the highest yield. This research was an experiment in the greenhouse of the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University using polybags. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD), with 3 treatments each with 3 levels, and repeated 4 times so that 36 treatments were obtained. The treatments given were vermicompost fertilizer (KS0 = no vermicompost, KS1 = 5 t/ha, KS2 = 10 t/ha); goat manure (KK0= without goat manure, KK1= 5 t/ha, KS2= 10 t/ha); and organic fertilizers sold on the market (K0 = without organic fertilizer application, K1 = 5 t/ha, K2 = 10 t/ha). Each polybag was filled with 2 plants so that the total plants were 72 plants. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the application of organic fertilizers (compost, vermicompost and goat manure) can increase growth and yield compared to no organic fertilizer application. The application of organic fertilizer 10 tons/ha, gave the highest yield, for a plant height of 35.00 cm; number of leaves 16.25 sheets, 79.29 g, fresh weight and 67.88 g dry weight (compost fertilizer), 34.98 cm, 21.75 sheets, 84.54 g, and 69.72 g (vermicompost fertilizer) , and 35.98 cm, 25.50 sheets, 72.83 g and 61.25 g (goat manure). It is recommended that the cultivation of mustard greens can be done by providing any type of organic fertilizer because it helps growth and yield.

PRODUCTIVITY Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume WITH DIFFERENT TYPES AND DOSAGE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER


 
 
 This study aims to determine the productivity of Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume with different types and dosage of organic fertilizer. The trial was for 2 months, with factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor were type of organic fertilizer: S (cow manure); K (goat manure); and SK (cow and goat manure), and second factor was dosage of organic fertilizer: D0 (0 ton ha-1); D1 (10 tons ha-1); D2 (20 tons ha-1); and D3 (30 tons ha-1). There were 12 treatment combinations and each treatment was repeated 4 times. The observed variables : growth variables, yield variables and growth characteristics variables. The results showed that there was no inter- action between the type and dosage of organic fertilizer in increasing the productivity of Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume. The use of cow and goat manure (SK) can increase the number of leaves, number of branches, plant height, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, total dry weight of forage, leaf area per pot, ratio of leaf dry weight to stem and weight ratio completely dry forage with roots. Dosage of organic fertilizer from 10-30 tons ha-1 can increase the productivity of Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume on the variable number of tillers, number of leaves, number of branches, dry weight of leaves, dry weight of stems, total dry weight of forage, leaf area per pot, ratio of dry weight of leaves to stem and ratio of total dry weight of forage to roots, and the best results in dosage of 30 tons ha-1. It was concluded to increase the productivity of Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume with cow and goat manure fertiliza- tion at dosage 30 tons ha-1.
 
 

Effect of Types and Concentration of Liquid Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Production of Pakcoy Plants (Brassica Rapa L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of the type and concentration of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) on the growth and production of pakcoy plants. The experiment was carried out in Jiken village, Tulangan sub-district, Sidoarjo regency, from June to August 2020. The experiment was arranged in a factorial manner using a randomized block design (RAK) with several factors. The first factor is the type of liquid organic fertilizer, consisting of POC-1 and POC-2. The second factor is concentration, consisting of 0, 10, 20, and 30 ml/liter. From these two factors, 8 treatment combinations were obtained; The experiment was repeated 3 times so that there were 24 experimental units. The results showed that there was an interaction effect between the type and concentration of POC on the fresh weight of pakcoy per plant; POC fermented using effective microorganisms (EM) which was applied with a concentration of 30 ml/liter gave the highest harvest weight of 83.33 g per plant. Different types of POC have no effect on plant growth and production. POC concentration significantly affected plant height and stem diameter and fresh weight of pakcoy plants.

Manure properties, soil conditions and managerial factors regulate greenhouse vegetable yield with organic fertilizer application across China.

To better understand the responses of vegetable yields in a greenhouse system to organic fertilizer through a quantitative evaluation based on peer-reviewed journal articles and in consideration of environmental managerial factors. We conducted a meta-analysis of 453 paired observations from 68 peer-reviewed journal articles to assess the response of vegetable yields in greenhouse vegetable systems in China to organic fertilization. Compared with the control (no organic fertilizer), organic fertilization significantly increased the yields of vegetables by 44.11% on average. The response of vegetable yields to organic fertilizer tended to increase with the increasing experimental duration. Organic fertilizer application had the greatest potential for leafy vegetables (+76.44%), in loamy soils (+53.94%), at moderate organic fertilizer carbon input levels (+54.13%), and in soils with moderate initial soil total nitrogen levels (+50.89%). Aggregated boosted tree analysis indicated that organic fertilizer carbon inputs, vegetable type and experimental duration were the predominant factors that manipulated the response of vegetable yields to organic fertilizer application. The rational application of farmyard manure would be a promising strategy for increasing vegetable yields in greenhouse vegetable systems in China. Factoring in vegetable type, carbon and nitrogen inputs of organic fertilizer, and soil texture would benefit vegetable yields with the application of organic fertilizer.

Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharate Sturt.) Terhadap Pemberian Berbagai Pupuk Organik Cair

Sweet corn is still a leading horticultural commodity that is much favored by the people of Indonesia because it has a sweeter taste than ordinary corn. Cultivation of sweet corn so far is often constrained in the aspect of fertilization. Fulfillment of nutrients so far is mostly done through inorganic fertilization, which if not balanced with the use of organic fertilizers can have a negative impact on the cultivation environment. This study aims to determine the response of growth and production of sweet corn plants to the application of various liquid organic fertilizers. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK) model consisting of 4 levels of treatment, namely P0 (control), P1 (rabbit urine), P2 (cow urine), and P3 (goat urine) with 6 replications. The results of the F test showed that the treatment of various types of liquid organic fertilizers had a significant effect on the parameters of the cob diameter and weight of the sweet corn cobs, and gave a very significant effect on the parameters of the sweet corn's sweetness level. The results of the DMRT test showed that the application of liquid organic fertilizer of cow urine (P3) with a concentration of 200 ml/l gave the best results for the parameters of cob diameter, cob weight, and sweet corn level.

Pengaruh Berbagai Macam Pupuk Organik Terhadap Produksi Tanaman Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata)

Sambiloto is a herbaceous plant that can be used as a medicinal plant. To increase the production of bitter leaves, it is necessary to apply organic fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of various kinds of organic fertilizers on the yield of bitter plants. This research was conducted in Tarakan. Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 1 factor with 4 treatment levels and 6 replications. The treatment factor was the type of organic fertilizer consisting of: P0 (control), P1 (chicken manure 120 g/plant), P2 (cow manure 120 g/plant), and P3 (shrimp manure 120 g/plant). The observed parameters were plant height, number of leaves, plant wet weight, and plant dry weight at the age of 10 WAP. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA variance test, to determine the difference in treatment, then further tested using Duncan's test level 5%. The results showed that the use of chicken manure 120 g/plant was the best fertilizer on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, wet weight of plants, and dry weight of plants than the treatment of cow manure of 120 g/plant and shrimp manure 120 g/plant

KANDUNGAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR BERBAHAN DASAR SERASAH TUMBUHAN API-API (Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh.) DAN KETAPANG (Terminalia catappa Linn.)

Liquid organic fertilizer is one type of organic fertilizer that utilizes organic materials such as plant residues or animal waste that have been decomposed by microbiological activity and will produce nutrients. Sources of organic matter that can be used as liquid organic fertilizer is plant litter. This study aims to determine the content of liquid organic fertilizer based on api-api plant litter (Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh.) and ketapang (Terminalia catappa Linn.). Liquid organic fertilizer in this study was carried out by chopping the litter into small pieces then given a solution of EM4 and granulated sugar and then stirred to make it homogeneous and put in a closed container for 14 days. This study uses descriptive analysis, which compares data from liquid organic fertilizer based on api-api litter contains nutrients with liquid organic fertilizer based on ketapang litter contains nutrients. The results show that liquid organic fertilizer based on api-api litter contains nutrients, namely 0.10% C-organic, N-total 0 .4%, NPK 0.11%, Calcium (Ca) 26.85% and Magnesium (Mg) 0.03%. Liquid organic fertilizer based on ketapang litter contains nutrients, namely C-organic 6.20%, N-total 0.19%, NPK 2.22%, Ca 35.83% and Mg 0.53%.

Integrated Effect of Fertilizers on Soil pH, EC and Organic Matter Content

Two field experiments in split-plot design were carried out in the winter season of 2014-2015 at Mansoura University Farm, Egypt, to investigate the effect of biochar, compost, and chicken manure with different rates of mineral fertilization on soil pH, EC, and organic matter content. Treatments of organic were biochar, compost, and chicken manure, while the studied mineral fertilizer treatments (NPK) took with rates of 50,75,100, and 125 %. The obtained results can be summarized in; biochar, addition led to an increase in the pH of wheat (Sakha 68) soil by 8.73 %, compost, and chicken manure decreased the pH of wheat soil by 8.30 and 8.19% compared with 0.0 organic addition, where the same amendment with the same order increased pH of barley (Gemmiza 123) soil by 8.65, and reduce with 8.30 and 8.18% of compost and chicken manure. Biochar, compost, and chicken manure treatments increased values of EC 2 , 2.43, and 2.10 dS m-1 of wheat soil and 2.80, 2.23, and 2.14 dS m-1 of barley, respectively. Organic matter improved and the highest result was found with chicken manure 2.798 and 2.767 % of wheat and barley soil. Mineral fertilizer decreased both pH of wheat and barley soil as well as increased EC and organic matter up to the highest level used. A significant organic fertilizer type - mineral fertilization dose interaction was found with the most of tested treatments. The highest effect on pH in soil paste was found in the interactions between biochar with mineral treatments compared to other treatments of both wheat and barley soil. The best mean value of EC was recoded with the interaction between compost and 100 % NPK treatment (2.76 dS m-1) of wheat soil, a similar trend was also achieved with barley soil (3.29 dS m-1). Chicken manure -125 % of recommended NPK treatment gave the heights values of wheat and barley organic matter content, 2.798 and 2.767 %. Respectively.

The effectiveness of EM4 and Local Micro-organisms (LOM) Activators in Organic Waste Processing in Brikama Market West Coast Region, The Gambia

Compost is the result of decaying process of organic materials due to the interaction between decomposing microorganisms found within. Compost is a type of organic fertilizer that originates from decomposed organic materials. Observations at Brikama Market indicated 20 vegetable vendors with at least 5 pieces of vegetables decaying, market sales decline by approximately 5 kg for every transaction. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of organic waste treatment using EM4 and LOM. This research is purely experimental, uses Posttest Group design and Independent Sample T-Test. This research was conducted in groups, with different forms of waste-treatments which included the use of EM4 and local microorganism activators and observed as it decays. The results obtained differences in the average processing of organic waste using EM4 and LOM activators. The average temperature of EM4 activator 29.89°C while LOM 29.97°C. The average humidity 48.67 for EM4 activator while LOM 49.64 and the average pH of EM4 activator 5.96 while LOM 5.43. The research revealed significant changes in EM4 and LOM activators seen from the measurement of temperature, humidity and pH. It is recommended to the community to participate in managing waste, especially organic waste by making compost using EM4 and LOM activators.

Supplemental Effects of Self-extracted Organic Nutrient Solution on the Growth and Yied of Water Spinach (Ipomoea Aquatic F.) in an Aquaponic System

Aquaponics combines two technologies, recirculating aquaculture systems and hydroponics in a closed system. The nutrients recycled from fish tanks supply nutrients for vegetables grown in hydroponics, however in some cases, the nutrient levels may not be sufficient for the optimal growth and yield of plants. In this study, two experiments were conducted to understand the effects of supplemental organic nutrient solutions on plant growth and yield in climbing perch-water spinach aquaponics. Experiment 1 (Exp.1) was conducted to evaluate the effects of three types of leaf-based organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of water spinach, namely self-extracted organic nutrient solution (OE), and two popular commercial foliar organic fertilizers, Hydro Fulvic (OF1) and TCN HUME (OF2), with the dose of 1%. Exp.1 showed that supplementation with the self-extracted solution significantly increased the growth and yield of water spinach but did not change the quality of water spinach in terms of the Brix values and nitrate residue content compared to the control. However, the self-extracted solution showed less effectiveness than the two commercial fertilizers in this experiment. Therefore, we conducted experiment 2 (Exp.2) to determine the suitable concentration and potential use of this extract for water spinach in aquaponics. The results of Exp.2 indicated that the concentration of 2% was the most economical and effective to provide supplemental nutrients for water spinach in the climbing perch-water spinach system. The study suggests that self-extracted organic nutrient solutions can be effectively used for growing water spinach in aquaponic systems.

N and P use efficiencies of basil cultivated in organically fertilized growing media

• Growing media (GM) are the main driver of Basil N- and P- use efficiencies. • Peat provided the best growth conditions under organic fertilization. • Microbial N competition limited basil growth in woody-based GM. • Organic fertilizer localization and PGPR inoculum weakly alleviated N limitation. • Peat will be difficult to replace especially with woody constituents in GM. Sustainable production in soilless cultivation systems may be achieved by using recycled organic materials as constituents of growing media (GM) and as organic fertilizers. Synchronizing nutrient releases from organic fertilizer mineralization with plant needs in containerized production is difficult to manage for greenhouse growers. This is further amplified by the diversification of GM constituents, driving microbial activities. We aimed to evaluate how the plant can adapt its nutrition to different organic fertilization strategies and ensure its growth depending on the GM and organic fertilizer types. Ocimum basilicum L. was grown for 60 days in a greenhouse in pots filled with three different GM: 100% peat (Peat); 70% peat and 30% coir fiber (GM1); and 50% coir pith, 25% composted bark, 25% wood fiber (GM2). Two contrasted organic fertilizers were used (horn and a granular fertilizer), mixed to the GM, localized in the pot, or combined with Bacillus sp. inoculation as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Standard mineral fertilization mixed to the GM was also used as a control treatment. We investigated basil growth (height, biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll and flavonol contents) as well as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) use efficiencies, from their uptake by the roots to their allocation to the plant organs. Basil performances were mainly affected by the GM type. Peat provided optimal conditions for plant development. In GM1, basil maximized the utilization of available N and P taken up from the GM and reached the highest biomass production. Basil performances were especially low when it was grown on GM2 because of a strong competition for N between microbes and the roots. The fertilizer type, its localization and PGPR inoculation did not affect basil growth or nutrition in peat; these treatments had only little effect on basil grown on GM1 and GM2, and affected its performances differently depending on the GM type. This study provides evidence that fertilization must be thoughtfully managed depending on the GM in organically fertilized systems.

The Increasing Tomato Plant Yield in Ultisol Soil with Various Types of Organic Fertilizer Enriched with Trichoderma sp.

Applying organic fertilizer that has been decomposed with Trichoderma sp. on ultisol soil can improve soil’s physical, chemical, and biological quality, and therefore is expected to increase the growth and yield of tomato plants. The study aimed to determine the effect of the type of organic fertilizer enriched with Trichoderma sp. in increasing tomato yields on ultisol soils. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Kuburaya Regency, West Kalimantan, from June to September 2021 using a factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was the provision of organic fertilizers, namely cow manure, chicken manure, and rice straw bokashi. The second factor was the provision of Trichoderma sp., namely T. hamantum isolates RRA3 and T. viridae isolates RRB7. The interaction of chicken manure and cow manure with the two species of Trichoderma sp. accelerated harvest age and increased the number of fruits and fruit weight per plant. Cow manure enriched with T. hamantum isolates RRA3 increased the shoot dry weight. Among organic fertilizers, cow manure accelerated harvest age and increased the shoot dry weight, fruit number, fruit weight per plant, and single fruit weight.
 Keywords: microorganisms, organic matter, plant production, soil quality