Office Type Research Articles

Mothers, parliamentarians, leaders: career factors influencing women's representation in the European Parliament – a case study of German parliamentarians

ABSTRACT The European Parliament (EP), often seen as relatively women-friendly, still struggles with underrepresentation of women in leadership roles, such as committee chairs This article scrutinizes individual career factors leading German Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) to Strasbourg and into leadership positions within the EP. It focuses on examining disparities between men and women and compares women with, and without, leadership experience in the various parliamentary offices. The study explores how individual qualifications, such as political experience and education, alongside personal factors like marital status and parental responsibilities, correlate with women's leadership roles in the EP. Using a dataset of all German MEPs from 1999 to 2019, the analysis finds higher representation of women in leadership roles than their overall presence in the EP, though disparities exist across office types and political affiliations. The findings reveal two main challenges for German women in the EP: a motherhood penalty and barriers to leadership. On average, women MEPs have fewer children than their male counterparts, and those in leadership are more likely to be unmarried. The data also highlight occupational gender segregation and comparable political experience between men and women.

Predictive Heating Control and Perceived Thermal Comfort in a Norwegian Office Building

An office building in Trondheim, Norway, was used as a case study to test the influence of Predictive Control (PC) for the optimization of energy use on the employees’ thermal comfort. A predictive control was implemented in the Building Energy Management System (BEMS) by operating on the supply temperature of the radiator circuit. A questionnaire was given to the employees to evaluate to what extent the operation of the predictive control influenced their perceived thermal comfort. Several factors known to influence employees’ satisfaction (such as office type, perceived noise level, level of control, perceived luminous environment, perceived indoor air quality, adaptation strategies, well-being) were investigated in the questionnaire. The evaluation shows that the occupants rated the perceived thermal comfort as equally good compared to the business-as-usual operation. This is an important finding toward the user acceptance of such predictive control schemes.

Polarization and the Ties That Bind: Congressional Staff Turnover

Congressional staff serve as the “invisible force” in Congress by helping draft legislation and conduct oversight. Given this, excessive turnover among staff is a loss of institutional memory and inhibits legislators’ ability to effectively conduct their constitutional duties. Using a mixed methods research design of interviews and a new survey of staff in the 115th session of Congress, I capture staffer intent to leave their current position and track whether they actually left their position 12 months later. Similar to civil servants, staff who report dissatisfaction with coworkers report higher levels of turnover intention, while the type of office, age, and level of education impact actual turnover. However, the extent to which polarization impacts staffers’ job satisfaction impacts both intention and actual exit. My study makes a unique contributions to the growing body of literature devoted to understanding congressional staff by providing important insights into how to recruit and retain staff.

Knowledge work productivity in an activity-based workplace: a comparative analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to extend the current knowledge on the impacts of activity-based workplaces (ABWs) on productivity in knowledge work. It offers more background information that is needed to properly evaluate ABWs’ suitability for different organisations. In the results section, ABWs are compared to the cellular and open-plan office types.Design/methodology/approachThis study was conducted using a survey method with 5,841 respondents. The data were collected between 2015 and 2019 from 32 public-sector organisations.FindingsThe findings of this paper reveal that ABWs offer clear advantages over the other office types but requires careful design and well-implemented solutions. The superiority between ABWs and cellular offices also depends on workers’ profiles and needs and is not for everyone.Practical implicationsFor practitioners, this paper offers valuable information to compare the three office types: ABW, cellular and open-plan. It also highlights the importance of careful planning and good implementation, which are both essential to making the ABW environment productive for employees. Finally, this paper clearly provides evidence that ABWs and open-plan offices differ in their facilities and productivity.Originality/valueThis paper included a unique and large sample with open variables, which are fairly rare in ABW-related papers. It also provides evidence that ABWs, when implemented correctly, seem to be an excellent option for some work profiles.

Peranan Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Perbankan

The study aims to provide empirical evidence about the effect of Good Corporate Governance as represented by the variables of the audit committee, the commissioner's council, and the quality of audits upon the partial quality of financial statements. The research method used is a quantitative study method with a descriptive approach. Samples from this study are 37 Banks registered to the Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISE) from 2019 to 2020, with 74 annual data observations of the company's annual report. Variables of the audit committee and council of commissioners are being presented by the number of members, variable quality audits are being propositioned using the type of public accountant's office, while the quality of financial statements is being targeted with Return On Assets (ROA). Hypothetical testing was done using linear regression analysis methods and testing t. data processing using a IBM SPSS statistic 25.0 application. Studies have shown that the auditing committee and the quality of the audit have no effect on the quality of the financial report, whereas the board of commissioners have significant impact on the quality of the financial report. These results can be used to look at the quality of corporate financial statements. Board commissioner variables that have an impact on the quality of financial statements can become used by companies to improve the quality of the financial report.

High-rise campus building cooling energy share using floor area of spaces

High-rise campus had varying energy characteristics on each floor, impacting cooling energy consumption. Understanding the cooling energy needs based on space characteristics plays a role in designing strategies to reduce energy consumption. It is essential to identify the cooling energy consumption for each floor function within high-rise campus buildings. The study conducted an analysis of high-rise campus characteristics by identifying and categorizing spaces based on their energy consumption zones. Spatial data was processed using mapping, and cluster correspondence analysis was employed to understand spatial relationships within high-rise campus buildings and their energy consumption. This research was carried out using Energy plus as an energy simulation based on a high-rise campus building model in the Jakarta sub urban region on a hot humid tropic. Campus building could be divided into four types of floors, as general, office, classroom and laboratory. The highest cooling energy was the laboratory.

Endocrine disrupting potential of total and bioaccessible extracts of dust from seven different types of indoor environment

Information on the indoor environment as a source of exposure with potential adverse health effects is mostly limited to a few pollutant groups and indoor types. This study provides a comprehensive toxicological profile of chemical mixtures associated with dust from various types of indoor environments, namely cars, houses, prefabricated apartments, kindergartens, offices, public spaces, and schools. Organic extracts of two different polarities and bioaccessible extracts mimicking the gastrointestinal conditions were prepared from two different particle size fractions of dust. These extracts were tested on a battery of human cell-based bioassays to assess endocrine disrupting potentials. Furthermore, 155 chemicals from different pollutant groups were measured and their relevance for the bioactivity was determined using concentration addition modelling. The exhaustive and bioaccessible extracts of dust from the different microenvironments interfered with aryl hydrocarbon receptor, estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, and thyroid hormone (TH) receptor signalling, and with TH transport. Noteably, bioaccessible extracts from offices and public spaces showed higher estrogenic effects than the organic solvent extracts. 114 of the 155 targeted chemicals were detectable, but the observed bioactivity could be only marginally explained by the detected chemicals. Diverse toxicity patterns across different microenvironments that people inhabit throughout their lifetime indicate potential health and developmental risks, especially for children. Limited data on the endocrine disrupting potency of relevant chemical classes, especially those deployed as replacements for legacy contaminants, requires further study.

History of appeal of notarial deeds or refusal to perform them in court in Ukraine (late 18th - early 20th centuries)

The article is devoted to judicial control over notarial activities during the times of Austrian and Russian rule on Ukrainian lands (end of the 18th - beginning of the 20th century).
 It is noted that the 19th century is a significant period for the domestic notary, since it is at this time that it is formed as an independent institution in the system of law enforcement agencies. Two types of notaries were built on Ukrainian lands as part of the Austrian and Russian empires: Latin and state. As a result, the author conducts a comparative legal study of the mechanism of challenging notarial actions or refusal to perform them in court in different types of notary offices that were built in Ukraine at that time.
 It is claimed that the Russian notarial legislation was based on the Austrian one, in particular the Austrian Notarial Order of 1855 was laid as the basis of the Russian Regulation on the Notarial Part of 1866.
 It is concluded that it was not possible to build a Latin-type notary in Russia due to the lack of civil society and the prerequisites for its formation, as well as the desire of the state to put notary bodies under its control.
 On the other hand, the mechanism of judicial control over the activities of notaries in the two empires was similar. A notary public could be subject to civil, criminal and disciplinary liability for failure to fulfill his duties. It was within the framework of the latter that the institution of judicial appeal of notarial acts or refusal to perform them developed. Disciplinary proceedings carried out by the courts (in Austria also by the notary chamber as a notary self-governing body) regarding the consideration of such complaints were carried out outside the civil process, but it was possible to file claims to challenge the legal force of notarial acts under the rules of civil procedure. This was allowed by both the Russian Statute of Civil Procedure of 1864 and the Austrian Civil Procedure Code of 1895.

The Role of Family Factors in the Development of Dental Anxiety in Children.

Background and Objectives: In the literature, the influence of parents who suffer from dental anxiety and a previous unpleasant experience at the dentist are cited as the two most common causes of dental anxiety in children. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the development of dental anxiety in children aged 9 to 12 years. Materials and Methods: A total of 131 children and their accompanying parents/guardians participated in the cross-sectional study. The children were divided into an experimental group, which visited a specialised office for paediatric and preventive dentistry for the examination, and a control group, which visited a primary care dental office. During the visit, the children completed questionnaires on dental anxiety (CFSS-DS). Parents completed a socioeconomic questionnaire and a dental anxiety questionnaire for adults (CDAS). Results: The results showed a statistically significant positive predictor: parental dental anxiety as measured by the CDAS. In addition, the t-test showed that children who visited a specialised dental office did not show a statistically significant increase in dental anxiety compared to children who visited a primary care dental office. Conclusions: With this study, we confirm the influence of parental dental anxiety on the development of dental anxiety in children. The socioeconomic status of the family and the type of dental office do not play a statistically significant role in the development of dental anxiety in children.

PENGARUH TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP TERHADAP READINESS FOR CHANGE: DIMEDIASI OLEH ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST

ABSTRAK
 The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transformational leadership on readiness for change which was intervened by organizational trust among the employee in the Class II Navigation District Office of Type A Teluk Bayur, Padang, Indonesia. The method used is quantitative techniques by distributing surveys to employees of the Navigation District Office Type A Class II Teluk Bayur. The final sample of research is 52 respondents. The primary data is applied using questioner. The variable is measured by five Likert scales starting from very much disagree (1) to very much agree (5). Data is analysed using the structural equation model (SEM)PLS. in this case, we use the smart pls 3. The finding show that organizational trust mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and readiness for change. In addition, this study also documented two significant direct relationships: (i) the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational trust, and (ii) the relationship between organizational trust and readiness for change. This study has a theoretical and practical implications, and they are discussed detail in paper. 
 Keywords: transformational leadership, organisational trust, readiness for change

Impact of Comprehensive Primary Care in Patients With Complex Chronic Diseases: Nationwide Cohort Database Analysis in Korea.

More comprehensive healthcare services should be provided to patients with complex chronic diseases to better manage their complex care needs. This study examined the effectiveness of comprehensive primary care in patients with complex chronic diseases. We obtained 2002-2019 data from the National Health Insurance Sample Cohort Database. Participants were individuals aged ≥ 30 years with at least two of the following diseases: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Doctors' offices were classified into specialized, functional, and gray-zone based on patient composition and major diagnostic categories. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the association between office type and hospital admission due to all-causes, severe cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or hyperlipidemia. The mean patient age was 60.3 years; 55.8% were females. Among the 24,906 patients, 12.8%, 38.3%, and 49.0% visited specialized, functional, and gray-zone offices, respectively. Patients visiting functional offices had a lower risk of all-cause admission (hazard ratio [HR], 0.935; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.895-0.976) and CVD-related admission (HR, 0.908; 95% CI, 0.844-0.977) than those visiting specialized offices. However, the admission risks for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia were not significantly different among office types. This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of primary care in functional doctors' offices for patients with complex chronic diseases beyond a single chronic disease and suggests the need for policies to strengthen functional offices providing comprehensive care.

Audience characteristics of the specialized press (on the example of the newspaper «Yurydychna Praktyka», Kyiv, 1995-)

Introduction. The specialized press operating in the media market of Ukraine is represented by many publications in which the target audience is interested. In addition to business, medical, literary and artistic, and other magazines, the system of specialized press in Ukraine also includes legal publications. Researching the audience of the legal press is useful for many reasons, in particular, to know whom to direct communication to (who is the consumer of information), whose interests to take into account, what topics to choose, how to design the publication, etc. The purpose of the study is to examine, on the basis of the analysis of the achievements of Ukrainian and foreign scholars and practitioners in the media sphere, the audience features of the specialized publication «Yurydychna Praktyka» and to form a portrait of its readership. To achieve the purpose of the study, general scientific and special methods were used, in particular: historical – to study the state of media audience research; comparative – to identify trends in the formation of the audience of a specialized newspaper based on the collected data; inductive – to summarize the identified trends and formulate conclusions; typologization – to differentiate information according to the elements of the structure of specialized publications. In solving certain research tasks at different stages of the study, empirical and theoretical methods were used: observation, description, classification and systematization. Results. In the context of our study, special attention should be paid to the opinion of researchers Ohmichen E. and Reeder K.-M., who believe that, according to the criterion of motives, all users (the audience of the publication) are divided into those who are focused on information of a certain type and those who are looking for entertainment, and that a person’s belonging to one or another type of user is influenced primarily by social status and the requirements of the profession. The audience of the legal publication mainly consists of persons who are citizens of Ukraine, have a higher legal education, speak the state language fluently or to the extent that corresponds to the level determined by the National Commission on State Language Standards, have experience in the field of law or in certain legal positions. Conclusions. To summarize, the media audience is the real consumers of the media product created by different types of editorial offices. If in the past the audience was the object to which the media message was directed, today, due to high competition in the market, the audience influences the topics and issues of the editorial content, i.e., once an external factor of a journalist’s creativity has become his or her customer for a certain type of information.

Органоминеральные целлюлозные композиционные материалы информационного назначения (офисные виды бумаги)

The main stages of the production of organomineral cellulose composite materials (CCM) for informational purposes (office types of paper) have been examined. The possibility of transfer to a resource-saving adaptation technology by molding paper from a mixture of partially bleached cellulose, bleached chemical-thermomechanical pulp and a mineral filler — precipitated calcium carbonate (Precipitated Calcium Carbonate — PCC) — with the creation of a new type of office paper — ECO paper, is shown. The change in the nature of inter-fibrillar and inter-fiber bonds during the transition from bleached cellulose to partially bleached was analyzed. The morphological features of these semi-finished products, as well as the optical and physic-mechanical properties of the resulting paper have been studied. The problems of directional changes in the zeta potential of the paper mass are identified when the nature of paper-forming fibers changes. On an industrial papermaking machine (PMM) with a capacity of more than a thousand tons per day, pilot production and transfer of PMM to mass production of new types of paper, with appropriate addition of existing standards, were carried out.

Competency Models for Advancing Transformation in Account Representative Roles

This study endeavors to ascertain and pinpoint the essential competencies for Account Representatives to orchestrate institutional transformation within the Directorate General of Taxes. Using the delayering program, the organization aims to transition employees from structural roles to functional positions. The study was conducted across several tax service offices, ensuring representation in alignment with the diverse tax office types within the North Sumatera I Regional Office. Employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology, the study meticulously analyzed the prioritization of competencies delineated by the National Civil Service Agency across three distinct categories: managerial, sociocultural, and technical competencies, soliciting respondent feedback. This approach facilitated a comprehensive examination of the competencies requisite for Account Representatives to shape institutional transformation within the Directorate General of Taxes. The strategic implementation of the delayering program aims to foster a transition from structural to functional roles for its employees, reflecting a commitment to adaptability and efficiency within the evolving tax landscape.

Difusi Inovasi DJBC dalam Menerapkan Pelayanan e-CD di Penerbangan Internasional Bandara Kualanamu Medan

Technology that continues to develop has encouraged various agencies and companies to transform towards the digital era, one of which is the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC). The internet-based application Electronic Customs Declaration (e-CD) developed by DJBC, is an information that transforms the Customs Declaration form which was previously filled out manually on paper by international passengers at a number of international airports in Indonesia, one of which is Kualanamu Airport. . This research aims to determine the application and impact of the innovation diffusion of the Customs and Excise Supervision and Services Office (KPPBC) Type Madya Customs B Kualanamu in applying electronic customs declaration services on International Flights at Kualanamu Airport, Medan. The methodology used in this research uses library or literature studies by collecting, reading, evaluating and analyzing various references such as books, journals and other literature that are relevant to the topic of this paper. The results of this research show that the application of e-CD can make the customs process easier on arrival to Indonesia, especially at Medan's Kualanamu Airport, to be more efficient because it no longer uses a piece of paper as was done previously.

Enhancing user acceptance in automated systems with human-centric lighting: the role of visual comfort, personality, and preference

Properties of light impact both psychological and physiological aspects. In this context, the effects of light’s correlated colour temperature (CCT) appear less studied than the effects of illuminance, although CCT is known to impact circadian rhythms responsible to maintain day and night cycles. Recently, Human-centric lighting (HCL) proposed to endow electric lighting with daylight dynamic characteristics with recognized benefits on physiological rhythms, particularly in reducing blue light exposure at night. Current lack of studies on the psychological effects of CCT prevents from reaching conclusions regarding the psychological aspects of HCL. The present user experiment aims to shed light on the relationship between HCL and personality, acceptance of an automated system to maximise daylight provision and visual comfort perception of occupants in two different buildings and within two types of offices. In this case, participants selected the HCL paradigm with dynamic CCT more often than a standard fixed CCT design, especially in individual offices. Despite being more frequently set and used to diffuse an appropriate light colour, dynamic CCT was assessed to deliver a heterogeneous light and decreased the overall visual comfort of occupants. Still, dynamic CCT was found to increase the acceptance of the automated system while mediating the relationship between personality and acceptance.

Physical and social isolation in various places of work

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyse perceived physical and social isolation and how they are linked in various places of work.Design/methodology/approachA nationwide study was conducted involving 3,352 Estonian office workers in spring 2021. Physical isolation was measured in terms of what proportion of time a person works away from co-workers (0%, 1%–25%, 26%–50%, 51%–75%, more than 75%). Social isolation diverged into two factors: lack of contacts and lack of meaningful connections. The different places of work the authors considered in the study included working from home with and without a dedicated room and different types of offices (private office, shared-cell office, activity-based office and open-plan offices of various sizes).FindingsThe results show that the negative consequences of physical isolation in the form of perceiving social isolation start to show when a person works 51% of the time or more away from others. However, the authors revealed the dual nature of social isolation in that when a person experiences a lack of contacts, the connections they do have with their colleagues are actually more meaningful.Originality/valueThe originality of the study comes from the fact that the authors uncovered the paradoxical nature of social isolation. This reveals itself in various places of work depending on the conditions at home and the type of office. Therefore, the authors move away from the simplified distinction of home vs office and take into account the level of physical isolation (what amount of time a person actually works away from colleagues).

Indoor Environmental Quality and Comfort in Offices: A Review

People spend about 90% of their time in closed spaces such as residential and office environments, and indoor environmental quality (IEQ) has effects on their health, well-being, overall comfort and work productivity. The IEQ domains (i.e., thermal, acoustic, visual and indoor air quality) are able to influence office users’ work day and even cause the onset of diseases. This review aims at investigating IEQ in offices and the multidomain combined effects on occupants’ overall comfort. Studies published between 2016 and 2022 were summarized, focusing on four research questions formulated to deepen the knowledge on (i) IEQ perception and evaluation, (ii) IEQ indexes and parameters, (iii) factors that influence comfort perception and (iv) IEQ and comfort representation in space and time. For these research questions, a total of 29, 19, 10 and 9 studies, found on the Scopus database through a keywords search, were considered, respectively. The studies were included only if they appraised a multidomain approach. The results obtained for each research question reveal that: (i) Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) surveys are often applied to understand how occupants perceive IEQ, and in-field monitoring based on low-cost sensors is implemented more and more to acquire IEQ data, (ii) a set of indexes and parameters for IEQ assessment is not standardized yet, although some parameters are commonly used, (iii) personal factors like age and gender, and contextual factors like workstation location and office type, influence occupants’ comfort perception and (iv) dashboards are used to allow office end-users to visualize the indoor conditions of the environment.

Investigation of the bleaching efficiencies of different office type bleaching techniques and the changes caused on the enamel surface.

The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate the bleaching efficiency of 5 different office bleaching methods and the changes in enamel morphology after bleaching. In this study, 75 human molar teeth are used. The teeth are divided in half in the mesiodistal direction, and a total of 150 enamel samples are obtained. The obtained samples are split into 3 main groups to evaluate the bleaching efficiency, surface roughness, and enamel surface hardness, and each group is composed of 50 samples. Then, each main group was divided into 5 separate subgroups (n = 10) containing 5 varied bleaching techniques. Before the bleaching, color measurement with a spectrophotometer, surface roughness with a profilometer, and microhardness measurement with Vickers test device are performed. After that, different bleaching procedures are applied to the 5 subgroups formed. As a result of the statistical evaluation, it is found that there is a significant level of bleaching in all groups (p < 0.05). In the comparison between the groups, there is no remarkable divergence in terms of hardness and roughness levels (p˃0.05). In light of the findings obtained from our study, we suggest that ozone can be used as an alternative bleaching agent to hydrogen peroxide. In addition, it is discovered that the use of light activation is not necessary to increase bleaching effectiveness. Finally, we believe that enamel surface morphology may be affected after office bleaching methods; therefore, various precautions should be taken before and after bleaching.

The importance of reconfiguration of the distribution network to achieve minimization of energy losses using the dragonfly algorithm

In this article, a method for reconfiguring the distribution network with the presence of production sources to minimize energy losses is presented. Also, besides the reconfiguration issue, the Super distribution tap transformers and the power factor of resources in the network will have their optimal values based on the amount of energy consumption as factors affecting the number of losses. According to the stated parameters, the optimization problem in this article is a non-linear problem with a large search space, for which the dragonfly optimization algorithm was used. To make the results realistic, all types of loads, including commercial, residential and office, have been considered in 24 h and two seasons of the year, cold and hot. The program was prepared with the help of MATLAB software on a sample network of 16 buses, and its applications and results have been evaluated. The obtained results show that determining the optimal reconfiguration is very effective in reducing network losses because, with this method, the amount of losses and unsupplied energy of network subscribers has been reduced significantly. Also, by coordinating the reconfiguration with tap transformers and the power factor of distributed generation resources, the loss reduction rate can be made more effective. The results obtained are compared with the genetic algorithm and the results show the superiority of the dragonfly optimization method.