Types Of Natural Fibers Research Articles

Fabrication of epoxy composite material reinforced with bamboo fibers

This study aims to enhance the mechanical properties of polymer material using type of natural fiber. Bamboo fiber considered the strongest between the natural fibers group, it have low density, high mechanical strength in addition to its availability makes it economical applicable and have potential for used as engineering material. The study is concerned with evaluate some of the mechanical properties (Tensile strength, Bending strength, Impact strength) for the resultant composite reinforced with 10, 20 and 30 vol.% of bamboo fibers, as compared with received material. With the natural reinforcement, the optimum mechanical properties in comparison with the as received epoxy were achieved. The results indicated that the tensile strength increased from 13.51MPa to 33.50MPa (that is a percentage increase of 150%), also the bending strength increased from 24.25MPa to 44.5MPa (that is a percentage increase about 83%), as well as, the increase of the impact strength from 41kJ/m² to 69kJ/m² (that is a percentage increase about 68%).

Researches regarding the static and dynamic behaviour of composites with natural reinforcements

In this paper, some composite materials were built in this way: the reinforcement is made with natural fibers (there were used two types of natural fibers in this way: hemp and cotton) and the matrix is made from epoxy resin. The Resoltech 1050 epoxy resin is used, with its Resoltech 1050 hardener. The casting was made at room temperature and the matrix was applied using the brush. The static experimental conditions are characterized by tensile loading of the build specimens and the determination of statically Young modulus. There was used an Instron Universal testing machine and the force-extension curves were obtained. The dynamic parameters were determined from the bars free vibrations. The next experimental montage was used: the bars were clamped at one end and were left free at the other end. At the free end, a Bruel&Kjaer accelerometer with 0.04 pC/ms−2 sensitivity was placed in order to record the beams dynamic response. A force was applied at the free end to bend the beams and after bending, the force was cancelled and the beams were left to freely vibrate. The accelerometer was connected to a signal conditioner Nexus and the signal conditioner was connected to a data acquisition system SPIDER 8 made by Hottinger Baldwin Messtec. The acquisition system was connected to a notebook and the experimental parameters were obtained through CATMAN EASY software. From the free vibrations recording, the next mechanical parameters were determined: the eigenfrequency of the first eigenmode, the damping factors per unit mass and per unit length, the loss factor and the dynamic Young modulus.

Lignocellulosic Natural Fiber Reinforced Bisphenol F Epoxy Based Bio-composites: Characterization of Mechanical Electrical Performance

ABSTRACT The current research deals with bio-composites developed by using four different types of lignocellulosic natural fibers, e.g., jute, sisal, coconut/coir, and sugarcane (bagasse) for reinforcement. A multifunctional resin derived from phosphoric acid modified Diglycidylether of bisphenol-F (DGEBF) was used as a matrix. Mechanical properties, e.g., impact strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and modulus etc. were evaluated and analyzed. Among all the different types of samples developed, sisal and jute fiber-based composites exhibit superior tensile, impact, and flexural properties as compared to other fiber types investigated. Bagasse composites exhibit the highest specific bending performance due to lowest density. Coir and bagasse-reinforced composites show higher electrical resistivity due to lower fiber density and lower crystallinity of fibers. Relatively higher resistivity suggests application in small switches, insulation rods, mobile/laptop, and computer covers etc. The results from the developed samples demonstrate that lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced epoxy composites could open new opportunities for their applications in different electrical goods and as an environmentally friendly alternative.

Structural Behavior of Phoenix Dactylifera L. Fibers Reinforced Concrete

Abstract The continuous demands for stringent environmental regulation and increased interests in the preservation of natural resources have motivated industries and research institutions to examine and consider alternative approaches on the use of renewable resources and waste by-products. This study was conducted using one of the most available natural fiber types worldwide, the Phoenix Dactylifera L. Fibers, commonly known as Date Palm Fibers (DPF). Limited researches and inconsistencies in results obtained have been reported in literature on the use of DPF in concrete. Thus, there is a need of further evaluation and study on the structural behavior of fiber reinforced concrete with DPF. The present study used DPF as a natural reinforcement in concrete at varying content of 0%, 0.6%, 1.0%, and 1.4%; and different fiber lengths of 0 mm, 15 mm, 30 mm, and 45 mm. The results indicated that integration of DPF affects the physical properties particularly the workability and density of fresh concrete. Generally, the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength of DPF reinforced concrete decreases as the amount of DPF increases in content and fiber lengths. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was carried out to examine the internal behavior and effect of DPF in the hardened concrete. Matrix deboning, fiber fractures, and voids due to the pull-out effect were observed as failure modes that contributed to lower compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and deflection as compared to control specimen.

Factors affecting hole quality during drilling of natural fiber-reinforced composites: A comprehensive review

In recent years, with greater emphasis on environmental and sustainability aspects of engineering materials, natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs) have gained significance in practical applications because of their numerous advantages. Although many researchers have developed NFRPCs using various types of natural fibers and matrix materials, in real-world applications of NFRPCs, secondary operations, such as milling and drilling, are necessary to complete the components or parts assembly. Because the drilling of NFRPCs is different from drilling of metals, there are concentration of studies interested in the aspects of drillability of NFRPCs in order to assess and understand issues related to drilled hole quality in NFRPCs. In this paper, a comprehensive review of factors that affect the drilled hole quality in NFRPCs is presented. Past researches where correlation between the manufacturing methods of NFRPCs and drillability of the composites are reported are reviewed in-depth. The novelty of this review is that it identifies the major factors that affect the quality of the drilled features from a composite manufacturing perspective and provides recommendations for the best NFRPCs manufacturing process to produce drill-friendly composites. The major factors were classified into composite manufacturing factors and drilling parameters factors.

Investigation of Natural Composite Materials Pipe Under Thermal Load

Experimental and analytical solution using classical shell theory solve by Matlab software was used to found thermal stresses under thermal load for natural composite materials pipe. Two types of natural fibers (eggshell and ash of fire wood) were used as reinforcements with polyester-resin. The experimental work including the manufacturing of the test samples (eggshell/polyester and ash of fire wood/polyester) by resin casting method with 40% volume fraction. Tensile and thermo-mechanical test were performing to find the mechanical properties of the specimens The results showed that eggshell natural composite had the highest strain, stress, and good mechanical properties compared with ash of fire wood natural composite but regarding temperature withstand the ash of fire wood specimens had the highest compared with egg shell specimens.

Properties and Applications of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Biocomposites

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biopolyesters accumulated by microorganisms as intracellular storage materials and they have attracted attention as “green plastic” alternatives to their petrochemical counterparts. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), PHBV, is one of the most studied members of the PHAs family, with numerous applications. PHBV has three main features, biodegradability, biocompatibility and it is a biobased polymer (biosynthesis starting from renewable resources). These three features altogether qualify PHBV as a very promising polymer that has great potential to replace conventional non-degradable polymers, and to play a significant rule in the circular economy concept. However, PHBV has some prominent disadvantages that limit its wide utilization for commercial use, these drawbacks are mainly weak mechanical properties, low thermal stability, difficult processability and considerable hydrophobicity. In order to overcome the properties issues, to produce materials with more desirable features and to engineer purpose-specific PHBV-based systems, much research has been focused on improving its properties by forming composites and to utilize these produced composites for a wide spectrum of very promising applications. The purpose of the current work is to compile and classify the research accomplished in the field of PHBV biocomposites and their applications in different disciplines. It was found that many different types of nanofillers, natural fibers, agricultural waste, clay, silicate, wood and cellulose derived natural materials have been successfully incorporated into PHBV matrix. The resultant biocomposites were characterized, tested and found promising to be utilized in a wide spectrum of applications, namely packaging, tissue engineering and drug delivery systems. The potential benefits of PHBV-based biocomposites make a strong case for research into this area. Therefore, further research works need to be conducted in order to find new PHBV biocomposite materials for advanced applications.

Fabrication of non-woven hybrid natural fiber/poly(lactic acid) composite via prepreg lamination

Hybrid natural fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites were prepared using a prepreg lamination. Two types of the long continuous natural fibers, i.e. sisal fiber (SF) and pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) were used in this work. The SF and PALF were treated using alkalization (NaOH) and then silane coupling agent (APS) to improve the interfacial bonding between fiber and PLA. After the surface treatment, the chemical group on the surface of SF and PALF were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The FTIR result confirmed that hemicellulose and lignin were removed and also silane was grafted on the fiber surface. The micrographs by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fibers observed morphological change of the fiber surface. The surface treatment improved the thermal stability of fiber as detected by thermogravimetry analyzer (TGA). The tensile strength of single SF and PALF were increased after surface treatment by alkalization and silane, respectively. Moreover, the tensile strength increases as an increase in the fiber length. Thus, the hybrid natural fiber/PLA composites showed high tensile properties compared with SF/PLA, PALF/PLA composites and pure PLA.

Thermal properties of pineapple leaf fiber for product development

This study is part of a research project on pineapple fiber characterization for developing composite materials and their application to product design. It was conceived by the Bionics and Design Student Research Group, and one of its research areas is the classification and application of properties of the so-called agricultural waste to develop applications for industrial products. Pineapple waste, composed of the leaves of this plant, is called rastrojo (stubble) in Spanish, and it was selected due to its high production volume and environmental impact, which is progressive in plantations. An important aspect in this study is the current lack of information about the thermal properties of pineapple fiber, which is contradictory as several types of natural fibers are used as thermal insulators. This fact was a motivation to conduct this research and identify those properties. For this study, a pineapple plant was characterized. Subsequently, different tests and experiments were conducted, and the most appropriate methods were adopted. Thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were identified as the best methods for calculating degradation values, specific heat and thermal life.

Characterization on chemical and mechanical properties of silane treated fish tail palm fibres

A novel cellulosic fibre was extracted from the peduncle portion of the fish tail palm tree and the extracted fish tail palm fibre was treated with different concentrations (1%, 5%, and 9%) of silane solution. The characteristic analysis on chemical, functional, mechanical and surface property of the extracted fish tail palm fibres were investigated through chemical composition analysis, Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FT-IR), single fibre tensile test, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Chemical analysis results indicate that silane treatment improved the cellulose content of the fish tail palm fibre. The highest cellulose content of 72.51% was observed in the 9% silane treated fish tail palm fibre. Also, it improved crystallinity index value of 62.5% for 5% silane treated fibre, which is confirmed through the X-ray diffraction analysis. FT-IR result indicates the removal of hemicellulose at characteristic wavelength of 1745 cm−1 for 5% silane treated fish tail palm fibre. Tensile property of the silane treated fish tail palm fibre (1, 5, and 9%) shows an increased tensile strength of 7.3%, 12%, and 6.6% as compared to raw fish tail palm fibre. Moreover, this type of novel natural fibres can reduce the cost while offering competent performance during the polymer-based product development.

Tensile Strength on Seven Type of Fruits Skin Fiber Thermoplastic Poyurethane (TPU)

Natural fibers of trees, fruit skins and so on are considered as recyclable and are used as filler materials in polymer composites. For decades, natural fibers have become the attention of researchers as an alternative to commercial, synthetic and costly fibers. Therefore, this study has used 7 types of natural fibers from local fruit waste parts in Malaysia, as fillers in TPU. This composite was produced via melt mixing technique, with different filler loading from 5wt% to 20wt%. Different types of natural fiber and its loading, showed different mechanical properties which resulted through tensile strength and elongation at break. Also, it is found that each of these natural fibers gives maximum tensile strength to the optimum loading between 5wt% and 10wt%. The composite with pineapple fiber is the composite with the highest tensile strength value at 5wt% filler load, as well as the most elastic composite with the highest elongation at break percentages.

A Review on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Graphite, Silicon Carbide and Pineapple Leaf Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites

This paper presents a review of the mechanical and tribological properties of a reinforced polymer matrix composite of graphite, Silicon Carbide (SiC), and Pineapple Leaf Fibre (PALF). Also investigated are the factors influencing the properties such as type and variety of natural fibres, type of matrix materials, fibre length and their orientation, surface treatment to improve the interfacial property of fibre, type of graphite, and its particle size. Also discussed is the tribological property of SiC and its application for improving the wear property of the composite. It is hoped that this review article would be useful to those working in the domain of polymer matrix composites with SiC, graphite and natural fibre leaves such as pineapple leaf. How to cite this article: Mahadevareddy, Adveesh B, Hiremath VK. A Review on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Graphite, Silicon Carbide and Pineapple Leaf Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites. J Adv Res Mfg Mater Sci Met Engr 2020; 7(3): 11-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2393.8315.202004

Wool-Reinforced Cement Based Composites.

In this paper, an overview of the latest research activities in the field of cement-based composites incorporating sheep wool reinforcement is presented. First, the characteristics of this type of natural fibre are described. Then, the current use of sheep wool fibres in cement-based composites is discussed. The research problems regarding the properties of cement matrix composites reinforced with sheep wool are divided into four groups: thermal and acoustic properties, mechanical behavior, durability issues, and microstructure aspects. The latter two groups are analysed separately, because both durability and microstructure are of particular importance for future applications of wool reinforcement. Finally, the main directions of future researches are presented.

AFM Based Nanomechanical Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibril

Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) is the fundamental unit of almost all types of natural fibers and is regarded as one of the main factors that influence their mechanical properties. Besides, owing to having a high aspect ratio, it is increasingly being used in the research of nanocomposite as a reinforcement recently. In order to utilize CNF as reinforcement more effectively, it is important to have a comprehensive idea about the mechanical properties of individual CNFs. Most of the studies are focused on the elastic modulus in the longitudinal direction, but the study of the elastic modulus in the transverse direction is still lacking. In this study, a single strand of CNF was subjected to an atomic force microscopy to characterize the surface morphology of CNF and determine the transverse elastic modulus through nanoindentation. The transverse elastic modulus of CNF was calculated to be 6.9 [Formula: see text] 0.4 GPa using extended JKR model.

Exploring natural palm fiber’s mechanical performance using multi-scale fractal structure simulation

Palm fiber, a type of natural multicellular fiber, exhibits distinct mechanical properties, such as excellent elasticity, higher fracture energy, and desirable stretch ability. To reveal the structure-property relationship, a multi-scale layered fractal theoretical model was introduced to investigate the tensile behavior of palm fibers at different scales. A three-circle model was established and used to simulate the hierarchical organization of palm fibers. The palm fibers consisted of cellulose molecular chains, fibril filaments, microfibrils, and cells. Moreover, the characteristics of stress, fracture energy, and Young’s modulus on different scales were calculated and verified by tensile testing and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results revealed that the fractal model effectively decoupled the contributions of different scales to the tensile properties. In particular, the microfibril mainly influenced the stiffness, whereas the cell determined the toughness of palm fibers. The findings of the current study can be utilized to improve the design and preparation of fiber-based nanomaterials.

Investigation of the Tensile and Flexural Behavior of Polylactic Acid Based Jute Fiber Bio Composite

The main objective of this investigation is to reduce and eventually replace the use of non-biodegradable synthetic fiber. Bio composites have shown growth and has been used in the domestic sector, aerospace industry, circuit boards, and automotive applications over the past few years. Many types of natural fibres have been investigated to produce composite materials that are competitive with synthetic fibre composites. Jute is a natural fibre and is 100% bio-degradable and recyclable and thus environmentally friendly. Its properties include high tensile strength, low extensibility. This bio composite specimen has been fabricated with the help of hot press molding machine. The flexural and Tensile tests have been done according to the ASTM standards. The increasing awareness of global environmental and social concern and new environmental regulations have propelled the search for new composites that are compatible with the environment.

Characterisation of Natural Fibres for Sustainable Discontinuous Fibre Composite Materials.

Growing environmental concerns and stringent waste-flow regulations make the development of sustainable composites a current industrial necessity. Natural fibre reinforcements are derived from renewable resources and are both cheap and biodegradable. When they are produced using eco-friendly, low hazard processes, then they can be considered as a sustainable source of fibrous reinforcement. Furthermore, their specific mechanical properties are comparable to commonly used, non-environmentally friendly glass-fibres. In this study, four types of abundant natural fibres (jute, kenaf, curaua, and flax) are investigated as naturally-derived constituents for high performance composites. Physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the natural fibres are examined to evaluate their suitability as discontinuous reinforcements whilst also generating a database for material selection. Single fibre tensile and microbond tests were performed to obtain stiffness, strength, elongation, and interfacial shear strength of the fibres with an epoxy resin. Moreover, the critical fibre lengths of the natural fibres, which are important for defining the mechanical performances of discontinuous and short fibre composites, were calculated for the purpose of possible processing of highly aligned discontinuous fibres. This study is informative regarding the selection of the type and length of natural fibres for the subsequent production of discontinuous fibre composites.

SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT FIBER SABUT KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN RESIN EPOKSI

The use of natural fiber as reinforcement for epoxy polymer composites is currently a concern for researchers because it is environmentally friendly so it can replace glass fiber or carbon in engineering applications. Palm fiber is a type of natural fiber that is produced by the cooking oil industry as a component of waste. The surface modification of fiber with NaOH solution is one of the factors that determines level of adhesion to the epoxy polymer matrix. This study to analyze the effect of alkali treatment on the morphology and characteristics of fiber. In addition, the effect of palm fiber composition on the mechanical properties of composites were studied. Alkali treatment on fiber was carried out using 10% wt sodium hidroxide solution. The morphology and characteristics palm fiber before and after alkali treatment were analyzed using SEM-EDX, XRD, and FTIR. Tensile tests were carried out on composites with treated fibers and without treatment with sodium hidroxide solution. The results showed that alkali treatment caused the surface morphology of the fiber to be finer due to the loss of lignin and hemicellulose components. Alkali treatment fiber can increase the tensile strenght. Composites with fiber and resin composition of 4%: 96% wt that have undergone alkali treatment have a maximum tensile strength of 21.60 MPa.

Acoustical behaviour of natural fibres-based composite boards as sound-absorbing materials

The studies on acoustical behaviour of composite boards made from five different types of natural fibres (bagasse, bamboo, banana, coir and corn husk) have been carried out for their utilization as sound-absorbing materials. The composite boards of all five types of fibres were prepared in three different density range (low, medium and high). The ranges of low, medium and high density boards varied from 280 to 300 kg/m3, 320 to 350 kg/m3 and 400 to 450 kg/m3, respectively. The porosity, which was calculated based on bulk board density and fibre density, was found to vary from 50 to 79% depending upon the types of fibres and density of board. The damping coefficient (tan δ) was determined using dynamic mechanical analyzer and found maximum (0.09) in banana and corn husk fibre boards having density 280–297 kg/m3). The variation of sound absorption coefficient of fibre boards with frequency (up to 4 kHz) was measured. The noise reduction coefficient (NRC), which was calculated as an average of sound absorption coefficient values at 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz, was found to decrease with the increase in board densities for all the five types of boards. The maximum NRC value of 0.40 was found for banana fibre boards having density of 280 kg/m3 and therefore found comparatively more suitable as sound absorbing material.

Tribology of Natural Fibers Composite Materials: An Overview

In the framework of green materials, in recent years, natural fiber composites attracted great attention of academia and industry. Their mechanical and tribological characteristics, such as high strength, elasticity, friction, and wear resistance, make them suitable for a wide range of industrial applications in which issues regarding a large amount of disposal are to be considered since their environmental friendliness gives them an advantage over conventional synthetic materials. Based on the recent and relevant investigations found in the scientific literature, an overview focused on the tribological characteristics of composite materials reinforced with different types of natural fibers is presented. The aim is to introduce the reader to the issues, exploring the actual knowledge of the friction and wear characteristics of the composites under the influence of different operating parameters, as well as the chemical treatment of fibers. The main experimental tribological techniques and the main used apparatus are also discussed, with the aim of highlighting the most appropriate future research directions to achieve a complete framework on the tribological behavior of many possible natural fiber composite materials.