Types Of Nanofillers Research Articles

Analysis of the Impact of Graphite Addition on the Tribological Properties of Composites with Polyester-Glass Recyclate.

Composites are increasingly being modified with various types of fillers and nanofillers. These materials have attracted much attention due to the improvement in their properties compared to traditional composite materials. In the case of advanced technologies, adding additives to the matrix has created a number of possibilities for use in many industries, from electronics to mechanics. Mechanical recycling of composites allows them to be reused as a filler in new composite materials; however, a decrease in their strength parameters is observed, and hence, new possibilities of their use are sought. The main objective of this research was to analyze the effect of the graphite content on the tribological and structural properties of composites with polyester-glass recyclate. Composite materials with 10% polyester-glass recyclate and an additive in the form of graphite in the amounts of 0%, 2%, 5%, 10% were made using the hand lamination method and their mechanical properties were verified. Then, using a universal tribometer operating in rotational motion with friction without lubrication, the influence of nanoadditives on the change in the coefficient of friction (µ) and the change in the coefficient K (the rate of a mass wear) of the obtained composites was investigated. This study showed that adding graphite in the amount of 2%, 5%, and 10% changes the nature of tribological wear of the obtained composite material. The coefficient K (mass wear rate) also changes. The addition of 10% graphite significantly changes the coefficient of friction without lubrication in a pair with a steel counter-sample.

Controlled synthesis of ternary acrylamide/sodium acrylate/polyethyleneglycol hybrids by integrating different clays and fillers: a comprehensive evaluation of structural features.

A series of anionic poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate)/poly(ethylene glycol), PAN/PEG, hybrids were conveniently synthesized via free radical aqueous polymerization by integrating bentonite, kaolin, mica, graphene and silica, following a simple and eco-friendly crosslinking methodology. A comparative perspective was presented on how integrated nanofillers affect the physicochemical properties of hybrid gels depending on the differences in their structures. Among the five types of nanofillers, bentonite-integrated hybrid gel had the highest water absorbency, while graphene-integrated gel had the lowest. The elastic moduli of hybrid gels with the same content of inorganic component followed the order graphene > silica > mica > kaolin > bentonite. Adding 1.50% (w/v) bentonite to the PAN/PEG matrix increased the elastic modulus by 1.4 times compared to the as-prepared state, while adding the same amount of graphene created a 4.1-fold increase. By decreasing the synthesis temperature of hybrids to cryoconditions, -18 °C, an increase in the modulus of all gels was observed, while the modulus of graphene-doped gels increased from 25.9 kPa to 39.1 kPa. pH-dependent swelling demonstrated that hybrid gels can dynamically bind or release protons in response to changes in surrounding pH and thus abruptly change their overall dimensions. On-off switching behavior as reversible pulsatile swelling in pH 11.2 and deswelling in pH 2.1 showed that hybrid gels exhibit reversible pH-responsiveness following Fickian diffusion of water into the hybrid matrix. The change in pH of the swelling medium caused a 4.5-fold increase in swelling ratio for the silica-doped hybrid gels. The studies in which anionic hybrids were tested to explore adsorption potential for cationic dye methylene blue (MB) showed that adsorbent properties could be tuned to the desired extent by incorporating different fillers. In terms of efficiency among the selected fillers, the maximum efficiency for MB was obtained as 99.2% and 88.60% for hybrids containing graphene and silica, respectively. The adsorption of MB on hybrids was fit to the three-parameter Sips model rather than the two-parameter models. The results introduced a new perspective on the design of ternary hybrid gels that could effectively address both the mechanical and responsive properties of soft materials, providing a platform for subsequent cationic dye adsorption.

Nanocomposites Based on Disentangled Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene: Aspects and Specifics of Solid-State Processing.

The stages of solid-state processing of nanocomposites, based on nascent disentangled ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (d-UHMWPE) reactor powders (RPs) and carbon nanoparticles (NPs) of various types, were meticulously investigated. The potential for optimizing the filler distribution through variation of the processing parameters, and the impact of the d-UHMWPE RP and nanofiller type on the electrical conductivity of the resulting composites were discussed. The specifics of the dependences of conductivity and tensile strength on the deformation ratio for the composites, oriented under homogeneous shear conditions, were investigated. The obtained results and the results on piezoresistivity and temperature dependency of conductivity in the oriented and compacted composites demonstrated the independence of the UHMWPE matrix orientational strengthening on the filling. The interchangeability of high-temperature uniaxial deformation and deformation under homogeneous conditions for orientational strengthening and electrical conductivity changes in the preliminary oriented composite samples was confirmed. The potential for simultaneously achieving high strength and conductivity in composite tapes and the possibility of directly processing d-UHMWPE RP and NPs mixtures into oriented composite tapes were demonstrated. The overall results suggest that the studied composites may serve as a viable model system for investigating the deformational behavior of conductive networks comprising NPs of varying types and contents.

Tunable negative permittivity behavior in alumina ceramic composites with different carbon fillers

Carbon/ceramic composites with negative permittivity have motivated a considerable concern due to their special properties and various applications. Herein, series of alumina ceramic composites consisting of different carbon fillers were prepared by the hot-pressed sintering, and the carbon fillers included carbon sphere (CS), carbon black (CB), carbon fibre (CF), carbon nanofibre (CNF) and graphene nanosheet (GN). The impact of various carbon fillers on the electrical performance of composites were investigated comparatively. It was found that CF ceramic had hopping conduction, capacitive character and positive permittivity, and micron-sized CFs were embedded in isolation within the ceramic composite. The other ceramics with carbon nanofillers demonstrated metallic-type conductance, inductive character and negative permittivity. The carbon nanofillers evenly dispersed and easily formed carbon network that improve the flow of free electrons in the composites, and the negative permittivity behavior imputed to the low frequency plasmonic state of abundant free electrons in the carbon networks. Furthermore, the magnitude of negative permittivity was in connection with the type of carbon nanofiller. The one- or two-dimensional carbon nanofillers were more easily connected to each other to form a denser carbon network, and thus the CNF and GN ceramics had the larger absolute values of negative permittivity, which was in accord with Drude model.

Multiscale dynamic behavior of imperfect hybrid matrix/fiber nanocomposite nested conical shells with elastic interlayer

This investigation delves into the free vibration characteristics of coupled nested conical shells (CNCSs) made of porous composite materials. These two conical shells are connected by a mid-layer of elastic springs. The composite materials used in the shells consist of epoxy, nanofillers, and fibers. Two types of nanofillers are considered: Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), while E-glass fiber is used as the fiber. The nanofillers are distributed in four different patterns within the shell section. Porosity is uniformly distributed along the shell section and characterized by a coefficient. The rule of mixtures is employed to ascertain the equivalent material properties of the hybrid materials, while the Chamis approach is utilized for three-phase materials. First-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and Donnell's theory are utilized for modeling the conical shells. The governing equations of motion are established through Hamilton's principle are solved using the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). Seven different boundary conditions (BCs) are considered to encompass the full range of BCs for CNCSs and four type of BCs for single truncated conical shell (STCS). The solution's accuracy is verified, and the effects of various parameters on the natural frequency parameter (NFP) of the shell are investigated, such as BCs, circumferential wave number (n), nanofillers pattern, semi-vertex angle, nanofillers angle, and mid-layer stiffness. Initially, a comprehensive investigation into the vibration behavior of a STCS is presented, followed by an analysis of the NFP of the CNCSs. The results demonstrate that the stiffness of the elastic mid-layer significantly influences the NFP of the system. The orientation of the nanofillers in the shell can increase or decrease the NFP. Additionally, the relationship between mode number and n depends on the type of BCs of the shells.

Creating ultra-strong and recyclable green plastics from marine-sourced alginate-chitosan nanowhisker nanocomposites for controlled release urea fertilizer

In response to the pressing environmental challenge posed by petroleum-derived plastics, the development of green plastics derived from all-biomass nanocomposites offers promising solutions. However, conventional nanocomposites often prioritize enhanced stiffness at the expense of flexibility. We introduce sodium alginate (SA)/chitosan nanowhisker (CSW) nanocomposites, derived entirely from marine-sourced all-biomass, to create ultra-strong and flexible green plastics. Through the synergistic interaction between SA and CSW, these nanocomposites demonstrate simultaneous stiffening and toughening, overcoming the traditional trade-off. Two key mechanisms contribute: geometric reinforcement from the needle-like structure of CSW and electrostatic reinforcement at the interface between oppositely charged CSW and SA. Compared to control SA, the SA/CSW nanocomposites exhibit remarkable enhancements in tensile modulus, strength, and stretchability, by 49%, 85%, and 55%, respectively (7.6 GPa, 223.3 MPa, 14.7%). Cellulose nanocrystals, serving as a control, only stiffen the nanocomposites, adhering to the typical trade-off. Biodegradability in compost can be tailored based on the type of nanofillers. Due to the water resistance of CSW, SA/CSW nanocomposites are proven effective for the controlled release of urea fertilizer in agricultural applications. With recyclability and superior mechanical properties, these marine-sourced green plastics offer a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics, promising significant impact in the eco-plastic industry.

Improvement in the thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of polyamide-11 (PA11) nanobiocomposite films as a result of the influence of the composition and type of nanofiller

Abstract The structures and properties of different polyamide-11 (PA11) and organically modified Algerian clay nanobiocomposite systems are investigated in this work. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the potential of modified Algerian clay as a nanofiller by studying of the properties of PA11/Mag-CTA nanobiocomposites with different levels of prepared fillers. Considering the different techniques used, the results show the full potential of the modified Algerian clay, with improvements in both thermal and mechanical properties after incorporation of the nanofiller (Mag-CTA). The intercalated and exfoliated morphology of the developed PA11 nanobiocomposites is demonstrated by the results of the different techniques used. The results indicate that the modified clay has a more significant impact on the thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of the material than virgin polyamide-11 (PA11) at an equivalent rate of incorporation and low concentration. The optimal loading rate is estimated to be between 3 % and 5 % based on clay mass (Mag-CTA).

Synergistic carbon nanotube ＋ carbon-coated iron nanoparticle polymer composites: Electrical, magnetic, and mechanical properties

Composite multifunctionality enabled by nanofiller modification has been widely explored in diverse applications. To date, work in this area has focused overwhelmingly on polymers modified with only a single type of nanofiller. Even studies that use more than one type of filler generally do so in order to achieve just a single type of multifunctionality—for example, modification with a combination of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene for higher electrical conductivity. Much less work has been done in the area of modifying polymers with multiple nanofiller types having dissimilar properties. To that end, we modify a representative polymer (epoxy) with a combination of multi-walled (MW)CNTs and carbon-coated iron nanoparticles (CCFeNPs). These phases give rise to combined electrical and magnetic properties in the MWCNT ＋ CCFeNP composite. DC and AC conductivity, permittivity, permeability, elastic modulus, and piezoresistive gauge factor were measured for varying relative concentrations of MWCNTs and CCFeNPs. Synergistic effects were observed, such as higher electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability in MWCNT ＋ CCFeNP composites. More specifically, composites containing 0.4 wt% MWCNT ＋ 0.1 wt% CCFeNP increased in DC conductivity by 0.5-0.6 S/m compared to 0.5 wt% MWCNT-only specimens. Furthermore, 0.1 wt% MWCNT ＋ 0.4 wt% CCFeNP composites showed a magnetic saturation increase of 1.66 × 10−4 emu/cm3 over 0.5 wt% CCFeNP-only composites.

Influence of Gamma-Phase Aluminum Oxide Nanopowder and Polyester-Glass Recyclate Filler on the Destruction Process of Composite Materials Reinforced by Glass Fiber.

Recycling of composite materials is an important global issue due to the wide use of these materials in many industries. Waste management options are being explored. Mechanical recycling is one of the methods that allows obtaining polyester-glass recyclate in powder form as a result of appropriate crushing and grinding of waste. Due to the fact that the properties of composites can be easily modified by adding various types of fillers and nanofillers, this is one of the ways to improve the properties of such complex composite materials. This article presents the strength parameters of composites with the addition of fillers in the form of polyester-glass recyclate and a nanofiller in the form of gamma-phase aluminum nanopowder. To analyze the obtained results, Kolmogorov-Sinai (K-S) metric entropy was used to determine the transition from the elastic to the viscoelastic state in materials without and with the addition of nanoaluminum, during a static tensile test. The tests included samples with the addition of fillers and nanofillers, as well as a base sample without any additives. The article presents the strength parameters obtained from a testing machine during a static tensile test. Additionally, the acoustic emission method was used during the research. Thanks to which, graphs of the effective value of the electrical signal (RMS) were prepared as a function of time, the parameters were previously identified as extremely useful for analyzing the destruction process of composite materials. The values obtained from the K-S metric entropy method and the acoustic emission method were plotted on sample stretching graphs. The influence of the nanofiller and filler on these parameters was also analyzed. The presented results showed that the aluminum nanoadditive did not increase the strength parameters of the composite with recyclate as a result of the addition of aluminum nanofiller; however, its addition influenced the operational parameters, which is reflected in a 5% increase in the UTS value (from 55% to 60%).

The Impact of ZnO Nanofillers on the Mechanical and Anti-Corrosion Performances of Epoxy Composites.

Epoxy resins were reinforced with different ZnO nanofillers (commercial ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), recycled ZnO and functionalized ZnO NPs) in order to obtain ZnO-epoxy composites with suitable mechanical properties, high adhesion strength, and good resistance to corrosion. The final properties of ZnO-epoxy composites depend on several factors, such as the type and contents of nanofillers, the epoxy resin type, curing agent, and preparation methods. This paper aims to review the preparation methods, mechanical and anti-corrosion performance, and applications of ZnO-epoxy composites. The epoxy-ZnO composites are demonstrated to be valuable materials for a wide range of applications, including the development of anti-corrosion and UV-protective coatings, for adhesives and the chemical industry, or for use in building materials or electronics.

Application of a folded nanostructure reinforcement for the pole vault curved shell

Foldability capacity is now introduced as a novel nanofiller reinforcement production procedure using some operation to control the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties in the sport equipment. Application of this type of nanofillers in the curved structures like pole vault shell leads to a novel engineering and sport shell shape structures. This article is organized to suggest a vibration-based formulation for analysis of folded reinforced curved shell sport structure subjected to thermal and mechanical loading. Using computation of kinetic, strain and external energies, one can arrive the motion’s equations using the minimization of total energy and Hamilton’s principle. Using solution of the motion’s equations through an analytical approach, the parametric analysis is presented. The verified test is presented for confirmation of the solution and trend of results.

Structural, optical analysis, stress-strain, and dielectric properties of selenium oxide/LaFeO3/blend nanocomposites with tunable properties for optoelectronics and micro-supercapacitors

This work focuses on developing flexible nanocomposites by introducing two types of ceramic nanofillers into a biopolymeric blend for optoelectronic and energy-storing applications. Selenium oxide (SeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) and LaFeO3 NPs were prepared by hydrothermal and solid-state reactions, respectively, and incorporated into the polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVA/PVP) through the solution casting process. Transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction tests revealed the creation of hexagonal SeO2 and orthorhombic LaFeO3 NPs, with average sizes of 17 and 93 nm. The blend's degree of crystallinity was dependent on SeO2 NPs and LaFeO3 contents. The infrared absorption spectra revealed the interactions/complexation of the fillers with the blend reactive groups. The scan e-microscope (field emission mode) investigated the films' surface morphology and detected the elements they contain. LaFeO3/SeO2 content impacted stress-strain behavior, raised the tensile strength from 64 to 70.9 MPa, and dramatically lowered the strain at break and toughness. UV–vis-NIR measurements exhibited that the transmittance, extinction coefficient, and refractive index can be tuned by SeO2 and LaFeO3/SeO2 content. The direct (Eg.d)/indirect (Eg.id) band gaps were reduced from 5.25/4.9 eV to 4.95/4.7 eV. The dielectric parameters (constant, loss, energy density, and conductivity) were significantly increased after loading 5.0 wt% LaFeO3/SeO2. The dielectric moduli and Cole-Cole plots were also investigated. The structural modifications and enhancement of the optical features and dielectric parameters make the resulted samples the best candidates for optoelectronic devices and energy-storing applications such as sensors and supercapacitors.

The Study of Composite Materials Properties Based on Polymers and Nano-Additives from Industrial Wastes from Kazakhstan.

This research is aimed at studying the properties of polymer anticorrosion coatings based on ED-20 resin widely used in practice and industrial wastes. In this work, three basic types of nanoscale nanofillers were chosen: dispersed particles-microsilica, microspheres obtained at Kazakh enterprises, and carbon nanotubes. Physicochemical research methods were used in the research: a laser analyzer for studying the dispersibility of industrial waste and spectrometric research methods. The properties of materials were investigated by standardized methods. The obtained results show that the introduction of microsilica and microspheres obtained at Kazakhstani enterprises, used as additives, improves both the physical and mechanical properties of epoxy composites compared to the standard (control) material. The results of experiments have shown that the optimal content of additives of microsilica and microspheres provides an improvement in the physical and mechanical properties of epoxy composites in comparison with the standard (control) material. Studies have shown that the introduction of microspheres into ED-20 polymer increases impact toughness. The introduction of microsilica into the matrix contributes to the increase of elastic modulus. Experimental studies of optical properties of samples of carbon composite polymer films based on polystyrene (PS) with additives of carbon nanotubes C60 and C70 and multilayer carbon nanotubes were also carried out. The experimental results obtained for the optical properties of polymer composites based on basic polymers from solid waste and carbon nanotubes showed that the optical properties of polymer composites undergo noticeable changes.

Hybrid Piezoresistive 2D MoS2/PEGDA/PANI Covalent Hydrogels for the Sensing of Low‐to‐Medium Pressure

Wearable technologies are attracting increasing attention in the materials science field, prompting a quest for active components with beneficial functional attributes whilst ensuring human and environmental safety. Hydrogels are highly biocompatible platforms with interesting mechanical properties, which can be exploited for the construction of strain sensors. In order to improve the directionality of their strain response and combine it with electrical properties to fabricate piezoresistive devices, it is possible to incorporate various types of nanofillers within the polymeric network of the hydrogels. 2D materials are ideal nanofillers thanks to their intrinsic two‐dimensional anisotropy and unique electronic properties. Herein, the covalent functionalization of 2D 1T‐MoS2 is exploited to build robust hybrid cross‐linked networks with a polyethylene glycol diacrylate gel (PEGDA). The conductivity of this nanocomposite is also further improved by inducing the interfacial polymerization of aniline. The resulting free‐standing samples demonstrate a linear and highly reversible piezoresistive response in a pressure range compatible with that of peripheral blood, while also featuring good compatibility with human skin cells, thereby making them interesting options for incorporation into wearable strain sensors.

Designing innovative PAni-based adsorbents for CO2 capture via in-situ nitrogen plasma modification for sustainable development

Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture is a critical strategy in the fight against climate change. By implementing this innovative technology, CO2 emissions from diverse sources will be captured and neutralized, thereby mitigating global warming. For this purpose, novel sorbents were developed in this work by loading TiO2 and ZnO nanofillers into a polyaniline (PAni) system to form PAni–TiO2 (PT) and PAni–ZnO (PZ) composites. Following that, in-situ nitrogen (N2) plasma treatments were applied for 5 min to improve their surface nature and physiochemical properties. The CO2 capture qualities of modified PT and PZ sorbents were investigated, as well as physical assessments of their microstructure, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), morphology, contact angle, roughness, electrical optical, reactivity, stability, and adsorption capability, hardness, softness and electrophilicity properties. Bombardment of high-energy plasma species for 5 min was sufficient to optimize the crystallite size and crystallinity degree in both the PT5 and PZ5 systems. These enhancements may be related to the growth of protonated benzoid rings -NH+- as a result of plasma modifications to the structure of PAni and its transformation into emerald salt. In a similar vein, the SEM micrographs, porous topography and hydrophilic nature of the PAni composites varied with respect to the type of nanofillers and plasma level. The plasma treatment provided additional oxygen-containing functional groups as active sites for chemical interactions, including CO2 via chemisorption or physisorption, facilitating further reduction. Additionally, plasma activities assisted in shifting to a rougher surface (i.e.,Ra = 3.83 µm) as well as optimizing the energy band gap (1.57 eV), which can accommodate more CO2 molecules, thereby improving the capture efficiency. Moreover, the findings indicate that PZ5 is more desirable for CO2 adsorption since it possesses a 2.52-fold greater CO2 adsorption energy (-0.079 a.u) than pristine PZ0. In the future, our work opens up exciting new prospects to achieve desired performance from CO2 capturing compounds utilizing plasma technology.

Molecular insights into strengthening of biomineral apatite with carbon nanofillers: A simulation study

Biomineral apatite (Ap) has been widely utilized in clinical bone graft procedures for over 25 years. However, its lower tensile strength and fracture toughness compared to natural bone limit its application in large load-bearing systems. This approach aims to enhance the mechanical performance of Ap while preserving its bioactivity, thereby expanding its potential clinical applications. In this study, the creation and processing of carbon nanofiller-based Ap nanocomposites, including pristine and vacancy-defective carbon nanofillers, are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The mechanical behaviour of Ap nanocomposites reinforced with three types of carbon nanofillers (CNF) is examined: (i) three-dimensional metallic carbon nanostructure with interlocking hexagons T6B (beam-like), (ii) carbon nanotubes (CNT), and (iii) three-dimensional metallic carbon nanostructure with interlocking hexagons T6P (plate-like). The analysis encompasses detailing the methodology utilized for modelling the equilibrated structures of CNF/Ap nanocomposites, along with the characterization of their elastic parameters. Computational findings reveal the significant impact of CNT chirality, Aspect Ratio (AR) of T6B and orientation of T6P on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites and observed inclusion of CNF enhances the mechanical properties compared with those of pure Ap. The findings indicate that the lower diameter CNT and smaller cross-sectional area of T6B exhibit higher tensile strength compared to the larger CNT diameter and larger cross-sectional area of T6B of the same length. Further, the analysis highlights the substantial influence of vacancy defects concentration on CNF on the mechanical behaviour of nanocomposites, with an increase in defects correlating to a decrease in the mechanical strength of both CNF and CNF-based nanocomposites.

Research on The Dielectric Property of Nano-doped Aramid Paper

Oil-paper insulation systems are widely used in high-voltage equipment. Reducing the dielectric constant of insulating paper can improve the dielectric coordination of the oil-paper combination system. At present, a large number of new synthetic insulation materials have been produced, and some new composite insulation papers have low dielectric constant and high electrical strength properties. This article studied the optimal process flow for preparing aramid paper in the laboratory, trial-produced laboratory hand sheets with three types of nanofillers at different doping concentrations, and conducted relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss tests to select Laboratory samples with the best performance; the main research results achieved in the paper are as follows: ①Researched and determined the optimal process flow for making aramid paper in the laboratory, explored the effects of different rolling pressures and rolling temperatures on the dielectric properties of the paper, and determined the optimal rolling temperature and temperature of meta-aramid paper. The pressures are 200℃and 0.3Mpa respectively. ②Meta-aramid paper doped with SiO2, TiO2 and x nanoparticles was prepared, and the relative dielectric properties of the three nanoparticles at the optimal doping amounts (15%, 3% and 4%, respectively) were compared. Constant and dielectric loss, it is determined that the dielectric properties of 4% C3N4 nanoparticle-doped paper are at a relatively excellent level. Compared with pure paper, its relative dielectric constant is not much different, and it can better cooperate with transformer oil. At the same time The dielectric loss is reduced, so nanoparticles of this type and concentration are used as fillers to improve the electrical properties of aramid paper.

High-temperature dielectric nanocomposite film of 2D Bi4Ti3O12/ABS with excellent energy storage performance

The utilization of high-temperature dielectrics in capacitive energy storage is of great significance in contemporary electronic systems. Nevertheless, the thermal stability of most emerging polymers exhibits a significant decline in their energy storage capacity as temperatures rise. In this study, a unique type of 2D Bi4Ti3O12 nanofillers was synthesized in order to improve the breakdown strength. A nanocomposite consisting of Bi4Ti3O12/poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS) was synthesized with the aim of attaining enhanced dielectric characteristics and energy storage density under elevated temperatures. The Bi4Ti3O12/ABS nanocomposites exhibited notable temperature stability in relation to their dielectric and energy storage capabilities across a temperature range spanning from room temperature to 120 °C. Ultrahigh discharged energy density (Ue) of 12.44 J/cm3 for 3 wt%- Bi4Ti3O12/ABS nanocomposites and high efficiency of 87 % under 550 MV/m were achieved at room temperature. An excellent Ue of 9.12 J/cm3 and high efficiency of 86.2 % for 3 wt%- Bi4Ti3O12/ABS nanocomposites were also observed in 3 wt%- Bi4Ti3O12/ABS nanocomposites under 450 MV/m at 120 °C, which was 117 % and 114 % of ABS films. These capacitive performances could match or be higher than previously reported values for high-temperature capacitor applications.

Recent Advances in Nanoclay‐ and Graphene‐Based Thermoplastic Nanocomposites for Packaging Applications

ABSTRACTOver the past few years, thermoplastic nanocomposites reinforced with different types of nanofillers have seen widespread use in the automotive, pharmaceutical, food packaging and electronic sectors. Among the different nanofillers used to fabricate thermoplastic composite–based packaging materials, nanoclay and graphene are very beneficial for producing high‐barrier packaging materials. The high aspect ratio and large surface area of both nanoclay and graphene facilitate uniform filler dispersion and tortuous path in the thermoplastic matrix, which ultimately improves the physico‐mechanical, thermal and barrier to oxygen, water vapour and light as well as antimicrobial properties, which are key requirements for packaging materials. Because graphene nanomaterials are electrically and thermally conductive, these thermoplastic nanocomposites may display excellent electrical‐, thermal‐ and microwave‐shielding capabilities, allowing them to be used in electronic packaging. This review aims to summarize the preparation and characterization of thermoplastic nanocomposites based on different types of nanoclay, graphene and graphene derivatives, as well as their prospective applications in food and electronic packaging. This review paper also discusses the factors that can affect the performance and attributes of these packaging materials, such as processing conditions, types of nanofillers, functionalization or modification of nanofillers for better filler dispersion and so forth. This paper presents a comprehensive and state‐of‐the‐art article on nanoclay‐ and graphene‐loaded thermoplastic nanocomposite–based packaging materials.

Static and Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) Single-Lap Shear Joints Joule-Bonded with Conductive Epoxy Nanocomposites

The potential of electrically conductive graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)/epoxy, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNCTs)/epoxy and hybrid GNPs-MWCNTs/epoxy nanocomposites as adhesives for out-of-autoclave (OoA) and in-the-field CFRP repair via Joule heat curing was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a good dispersion of the nanoparticles in the matrix in all the nanocomposite adhesives above their percolation thresholds, which led to a homogeneous distribution of the heat generated during Joule CFRP repair. The joints bonded with neat epoxy and the nanocomposites showed similar lap shear strengths, with the addition of nanoparticles enhancing the fatigue performance of the adhesively bonded joints relative to when neat epoxy was used as an adhesive and oven-cured. The interfacial and cohesive failure mechanisms were found to coexist in all the cases, with an increasing dominance of the cohesive when nanofillers were embedded into the adhesive. No effect of the specific type of nanofiller incorporated into the epoxy as the conductive component was observed on the mechanical performance of the bonded joints, with the adhesives containing MWCNTs showing similar results to those filled with GNPs at considerably lower loadings due to their lower percolation thresholds. The independence of the properties regardless of the curing method highlights the promise of these Joule-cured adhesives for industrial applications.