Types Of Motion Research Articles

Post-treatment Functional Outcomes of Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmosis Injuries With Varying Duration and Method of Stabilization

The purpose of this study was to assess whether the type and duration of screw fixation affects ankle joint functional scores and patient activity levels. We evaluated 55 patients who had undergone surgical treatment for ankle fracture with concomitant distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury. The follow-up period ranged from 2 years to 4 years and 2 months (mean 36 months). Depending on the time of screw removal, patients were divided into 2 groups (the 8–15-week group-19 patients, and the 16–22-week group-36 patients). There were 17 patients with tricortical and 38 patients with quadricortical syndesmosis fixation. The following parameters were assessed: range of motion, rates of complications, level of pain in visual analogue scale (VAS), and function. In the quadricortical fixation group the range of plantar flexion p = .04 and adduction p = .043 were significantly lower in the operated than in the nonoperated limb. In the patients who had their syndesmotic screws removed after 16–22 weeks, the range of plantar flexion in the operated limb was significantly lower than that in the nonoperated limb. We observed no differences between the evaluated groups in terms of ankle joint mobility, VAS pain levels, functional outcomes, or complication rates. All the analyzed subgroups showed poorer ranges of some types of motion in the ankle and worse functional scale and VAS pain scores after treatment in comparison with those before the injury. We suggest removing the syndesmotic screws after 8–15 weeks, due to the possibility of earlier rehabilitation, faster return to work and physical activity and less burden on the health care system. Tricortical or quadricortical syndesmosis fixation is at the surgeon's discretion.

A Study of Nonverbal Persuasion in TED Talks

This study investigates the realm of nonverbal communication and its persuasive impact in the context of TED talks. Nonverbal communication plays a significant role in effectively conveying persuasive messages, especially in TED talks, which are considered a useful database for the study. Surprisingly, little researches and studies have investigated the role of nonverbal behavior in persuading and influencing others. The study aims to find the most common body movements in TED talks, analyze the common movements kinetically to have a better understanding of these movements, and investigate the nonverbal persuasiveness of the selected movements. The study adopts a model consisting of Birdwhistell's (1952) kinesic analysis model and Andre et al.'s (2011) nonverbal persuasion analysis model. Final results reveal that (1) hand movement is the most common type among other types of movements, (2) the persuasiveness of nonverbal communication is achieved by basing on the following persuasive body behaviors: importance, emotion, certainty, the sender’s competence, evaluation, and the sender’s benevolence, (3) body language, such as hand gestures, head nods, and facial expressions, can be broken down into smaller parts, these smaller parts, known as the kinemorph, kineme, and kine, make the body movements understandable.

Glycine-modified Pencil Graphite Electrode as a Sensor for Caffeine Determination: A Voltammetric Study

Background: Caffeine (CAF) is a widely used chemical in foods and pharmaceuticals that is consumed by a lot of people every day. Overconsumption of caffeine can lead to some undesirable symptoms. However, CAF is considered a crucial nervous system stimulant. Aims: This study aimed to find an accurate and effective route for determining caffeine using voltammetric techniques. Objective: In this work, for the first time, a glycine (Gly) modified pencil graphite electrode (Gly/PGE) was used for the determination of caffeine (CAF) by Square Wave Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (SWAdSV) technique. Methods: The modification procedure of PGE by Gly was accomplished by performing the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique for 10 cycles at a potential range of 0.8 to 1.8 V. Moreover, the characterization of Gly/PGE was done by applying the CV technique in aqueous and non-aqueous media and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in addition to the SEM technique. The movement type of CAF toward Gly/PGE was proven to be a diffusion-controlled process by conducting some measurements at different scan rates. The supporting electrolyte for the determination of CAF was studied, where 100 mM of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) provided the best result. Optimization of accumulation time, pulse size, and wave frequency were implemented and found to be 60 s accumulation time, 50 mV pulse size, and 25 Hz wave frequency. The stability of Gly/PGE was studied in different mediums, such as air, ultrapure water, and acetonitrile (CH3CN). Results: The determination of CAF under optimum conditions was within the linear concentration range of 0.1–75 μM, with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9990. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.070 and 0.231 μM, respectively. Conclusion: An effective voltammetric methodology was suggested to determine CAF. This methodology has great promise to be applied in different matrices to determine CAF.

Research on six-joint industrial robotic arm positioning error compensation algorithm based on motion decomposition and improved CIWOA-BP neural network

Motion errors in the trajectory of a six-joint industrial robotic arm’s end-effector can significantly impact machining precision. Complex milling operations can lead to deviations from the intended path due to the robotic arm’s structural characteristics. These errors often exhibit periodic and position-dependent variations, underscoring the need for meticulous control measures. To address this challenge, we propose a novel motion decomposition-based error compensation technique for a six-joint industrial robotic arm. This approach involves breaking down the robot’s motion trajectory into distinct components and constructing prediction models for each component using a BP neural network. These models are then optimized using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (CIWOA) and an adaptive chaotic mapping clustering approach to improve efficiency and global optimization. The proposed method is applied to various motion types of the robotic arm, resulting in substantial enhancements in absolute positioning accuracy. Experimental validation confirms the reliability of the CIWOA-BP neural network prediction model and the effectiveness of the nonparametric accuracy compensation method in refining motion planning precision.

Development of motion control function library based on PLCopen specification

The motion control library is a standard set of functional blocks integrated in a programmable integration environment, which is of great significance for the rapid development of reconfigurable Programmable Automation Controllers (PAC). However, due to the encapsulation and concealment of function blocks and the incompatibility between software and hardware, the development efficiency of function blocks is low, which is not conducive to the development of autonomous, controllable PAC. Aiming at the above problems, the methods of function block opening and key technology are studied, and a kind of motion control function library architecture and rapid development method based on the PLCopen specification are proposed. A series of motion control function libraries are developed on domestic PLC software. An experimental platform based on domestic hardware and software was designed to verify the typical motion control function library. Experimental results show that this method can effectively shorten the development cycle and that the developed motion control module can meet the actual control needs.

Experimental study of a semi-submersible floating wind turbine with aquaculture cages under combined wind and irregular waves

The coordinated and integrated development of multiple marine industries is conducive to achieving efficient utilization of the ocean. Here, a novel semi-submersible floating wind power platform integrated with aquaculture cages is proposed. Then, model tests of the innovative floating wind-aquaculture platform (FWAP) with scaling ratio of 1/40 are carried out. Four sea conditions (below rated, rated, cut out and 50-year sea states) and three incident angles of combined wind and waves (0 deg, 90 deg and 180 deg) are considered in the tests. Correspondingly, three typical motion responses of the FWAP, the acceleration response of the wind turbine and the representative mooring line tension are analyzed. The experimental results show that one obvious response peak is mainly found in the response amplitude operator (RAO) curves for the in-plane motion of the new FWAP, including surge, sway and yaw. While for out-of-plane motions including heave, roll and pitch, the RAO curves show two distinct response peaks. Notably, as the environmental conditions progress from below rated to rated, cut out, and finally to 50-year extreme sea state, the motion response of the FWAP becomes increasingly pronounced. Furthermore, the acceleration of the wind turbine under rated and cut out conditions is significantly large, which can be attributed to the effect of rotor rotation. While the maximum mooring line tension in the FWAP is observed at the 50-year sea state, the maximum average tension occurs at the rated condition. The response power spectra of the new FWAP reveal the presence of multiple frequency components. Additionally, the nets can act as an excited or damping effect on the motion of the FWAP, the acceleration of the wind turbine and the mooring line system, depending on the variation of the sea conditions or the incident angle. This study can provide reference for the design improvement and engineering application of such new FWAP.

Exploring the impact of rehabilitation on post-surgical recovery in elbow fracture patients: a cohort study.

Elbow fractures, characterized by their complexity, present significant challenges in post-surgical recovery, with rehabilitation playing a critical role in functional outcomes. This study explores the efficacy of rehabilitative interventions in enhancing joint range of motion (ROM) and reducing complications following surgery for both stable and unstable elbow fractures. A cohort of 15 patients, divided based on the stability of their elbow fractures and whether they received post-operative rehabilitation, was analyzed retrospectively. Measurements of ROM-including flexion, extension, pronation, and supination-were taken at three follow-ups: 15-, 30-, and 45-day post surgery. The study assessed the impact of rehabilitation on ROM recovery and the resolution of post-surgical complications. The findings indicated no statistically significant differences in ROM improvements between patients who underwent rehabilitation and those who did not, across all types of movements measured. However, early rehabilitative care was observed to potentially aid in the mitigation of complications such as joint stiffness, especially in patients with stable fractures. While rehabilitation did not universally improve ROM recovery in elbow fracture patients, it showed potential in addressing post-operative complications. The study underscores the importance of individualized rehabilitation plans and highlights the need for further research to establish evidence-based guidelines for post-surgical care in elbow fractures.

Seismic Study of An Isolated Cable-Stayed Bridge under Near-Fault Ground Motions

During strong earthquakes, pounding may occur on large-span bridges and their approach bridges. The effect and mitigation measures of such pounding have rarely been explored in previous studies. This paper primarily uses finite element models to investigate the pounding effects at the expansion joints between the main cable-stayed bridge and its approach bridge. Friction pendulum bearings (FPBs) and fluid viscous dampers (FVDs) are used to alleviate poundings. Furthermore, a detailed analysis is conducted on how the pounding effect of the isolated main bridge with FPBs and FVDs is affected by the wave passage effect, ground motion type, and soil type. This study reveals that FPBs and FVDs can effectively reduce pounding effects and the associated risks. Even with the installation of FPBs and FVDs, lower seismic wave velocities and near-fault seismic motions with pulse effects can significantly increase the pounding effects between the cable-stayed bridge and its approach bridge.

Computational modeling of near-fault earthquake-induced landslides considering stochastic ground motions and spatially varying soil

Landslides represent a large-deformation process influenced by various factors of uncertainty, such as types of ground motion (GM), randomness of GMs, and spatial variability of soils. The behavior of landslides is profoundly affected, making their assessment and measurement challenging. This paper proposes a computational approach for simulating the large-deformation process of landslides based on three-dimensional (3D) non-ordinary state-based peridynamics (NOSBPD). The analysis results of NOSBPD indicate that the mean runout distance triggered by pulse-like ground motions (PLGMs) is 16% greater than that induced by non-pulse ground motions (NPGMs), suggesting that PLGMs exhibit higher destructiveness. Besides, this paper establishes a runout distance assessment framework by considering the stochastic nature of PLGMs. This framework allows for the evaluation of the specific risk probability of landslides caused by stochastic PLGMs that match the target spectrum specified by codes. By introducing the theory of random fields and implementing a coupled procedure in peridynamics, we conducted a detailed analysis of the impact of spatial heterogeneity on the evolution process and consequences of landslides. Additionally, compared to two-dimensional (2D) analysis, the mean runout distance obtained from 3D analysis increased by 27.5%. This suggests that 2D analysis may underestimate the consequences of landslides. The findings of this study can serve as a scientific foundation for predicting the extent and scope of landslides triggered by near-fault earthquakes.

Optimal positions of clear aligner attachments to achieve lower canine tipping and bodily movement using finite element analysis

Background/purposeClear aligners are popular orthodontic tools because of their relatively aesthetic appearance and convenience of use. Nevertheless, bodily tooth movements still present challenges. This study evaluated various configurations of attachments placed on the mandibular canine in terms of the efficiency of canine bodily movement and correction of tipping. Materials and methodsA finite element model of the mandible was constructed to investigate the effects of various attachment configurations on the overall bodily movement and undesirable tipping of a mandibular canine. Canine movements were categorized into four types, namely tipping and bodily movements in the mesial and distal directions. The size and shape of the attachments were fixed, but their placement and orientation were varied. Five and seven attachment configurations were evaluated for their influence on tipping and bodily movements, respectively. ResultsAttachment configuration significantly influenced mandibular canine tipping. The mesial occlusal–distal cervical and mesial occlusal–mesial cervical configurations had notable effects on mesial tipping, and the mesial occlusal–mesial cervical configuration excelled in distal tipping by increasing strain by 33.1%. The mesial occlusal–mesial cervical attachment configuration consistently had superior efficiency in facilitating both mesial and distal bodily movements of the canine. ConclusionThe mesial occlusal–mesial cervical attachment configuration excelled in all four types of canine movement. Irrespective of the attachment configuration, canines tend to move overall with slight tipping due to skeletal resistance and their center of rotation. The attachment configuration is crucial to the success of clear aligner treatment and must be carefully considered in clinical practice.

Implementation of remote general movement assessment using the in-motion instructions in a high-risk norwegian cohort

BackgroundGeneral Movement Assessment (GMA) is recommended for early detection of risk for cerebral palsy but requires trained clinical experts. We aimed to implement home- and hospital-based filming for remote GMA in a Norwegian high-risk infant cohort, as well as evaluating parents’ experiences in filming their infant at home.MethodsThis knowledge translational study used a prospective cohort design including participants referred to neurodevelopmental follow-up across three sites in the Central Norway Regional Health Authority. Two home films of the fidgety type of general movements were collected between 12+1–14+6 and 15+1–17+6 weeks after term by parents. An additional film was collected at the hospital between 12+1 and 17+6 weeks after term. The instructional guide for all filming was the In-Motion App standards. Videos were transferred to a remote GMA team and classified as either “GMA scorable” or “GMA not scorable” based on Prechtl’s GMA standards. Parents responded to an online survey using a 5-point Likert scale to collect information about their perspectives, experiences, and possible worries by filming their infant at home.ResultsOne-hundred-and-two infants from 95 families participated. Ninety-two (96.8%) families transferred 177 home-based videos. Eighty-four (92%) of these had 95 videos taken in their local hospital. All 177 home-videos were “GMA scorable” and three (3,1%) out of 95 hospital-based videos were classified as “GMA not scorable”. Eight families did not respond to the survey and two families did not receive the survey due to a technical error. Seventy-eight (91.7%) respondents agreed or strongly agreed that it was easy to perform home filming and five (5.9%) agreed that they were more worried about their child`s development after filming at home. Almost 80% of respondents agreed that a video for GMA can be taken at home instead of in hospital.ConclusionsThis study strengthens the clinical implementation of home filming by parents and remote GMA for early detection of CP in high-risk follow-up programs. The implementation of remote GMA has the potential to facilitate early intervention to improve function in children with CP in line with international recommendations.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04287166 Date of registration: 27/02/2020.

A critique of ‘Strong Beginnings’ initial teacher education reforms: mandating neuroscience as core curriculum within the ‘what works’ movement

AbstractThe paper studies the rise of neuroscience in initial teacher education, paying attention to the relatively recent Australian Government (2023) report titled ‘Strong Beginnings’. In taking up a critical policy sociology lens, we focus on the first priority within the reforms, which is mandating brain science and the ‘brain and learning’ as core curriculum within initial teacher education. The reforms will embed standardised curriculum into initial teacher education and tie this curriculum to graduate teacher standards, bracketed within prescribed texts, ideologies and agendas. The reforms are positioned within the ‘what works’ movement, increasing accreditation and certain types of evidence, and the role and authority of intermediary organisations, including the Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership (AITSL). It promotes research that has been paid for by the think tank Centre for Independent Studies and aligned with the Australian Education Research Organisation and Education Endowment Foundation. In this paper, we endeavour to highlight how the singular and narrow focus on brain-based approaches is not only reductionist, but also potentially generative of oppressive technologies. The mandating of standardised curriculum and brain science undermines educators, including initial teacher educators, and bolsters private interests in education. The standardisation of core curriculum, which will be tied to accreditation processes and graduate teacher standards, is underpinned by a punitive-accountability based approach. Furthermore, whilst it is less visible, these reforms contain brain science tropes redolent of eugenics and deficit framings of low socio-economic status students.

Modeling kinematic variability reveals displacement and velocity based dual control of saccadic eye movements.

Noise is a ubiquitous component of motor systems that leads to behavioral variability of all types of movements. Nonetheless, systems-based models investigating human movements are generally deterministic and explain only the central tendencies like mean trajectories. In this paper, a novel approach to modeling kinematic variability of movements is presented and tested on the oculomotor system. This approach reconciles the two prominent philosophies of saccade control: displacement-based control versus velocity-based control. This was achieved by quantifying the variability in saccadic eye movements and developing a stochastic model of its control. The proposed stochastic dual model generated significantly better fits of inter-trial variances of the saccade trajectories compared to existing models. These results suggest that the saccadic system can flexibly use the information of both desired displacement and velocity for its control. This study presents a potential framework for investigating computational principles of motor control in the presence of noise utilizing stochastic modeling of kinematic variability.

Performance Evaluation and Comparative Analyses of Tuned Inerter Damper for Stochastic Base Excited Structures Based on Hybrid H2/H∞ Optimization

Compared with tuned mass damper, tuned inerter damper (TID) has higher damping efficiency and lightweight characteristic if appropriate optimal methods are selected. Generally, [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] optimal methods are adopted to determine the optimal parameters of TID individually. But the vibration mitigation performance of the TID under near resonance frequency band based on [Formula: see text] optimization is less than [Formula: see text] optimization, but the peak frequency response based on [Formula: see text] optimization will be greater than [Formula: see text] optimization at the same time. Dual-characteristic-based vibration control may not be achievable based on [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] criteria, respectively. For this reason, hybrid [Formula: see text] optimization can be adopted. In this work, closed-form expressions are derived for the control of structural displacement responses based on hybrid [Formula: see text] optimal method. The vibration mitigation performance of the different optimized TIDs is evaluated considering the single-degree-of-freedom and multi-degrees-of-freedom systems are subjected to typical ground motions excitation. Results illustrate that because of the use of the optimal stiffness ratio of [Formula: see text] optimization and very close value of [Formula: see text] optimizations’ nominal damping ratio in [Formula: see text] optimization, [Formula: see text] optimization shows ‘dual characteristics’ in different excitation situations. Specifically, the peak response and structural fundamental frequencies’ response in displacement frequency response function using hybrid [Formula: see text] optimal methods are between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] optimization, which indicates an excellent and balanced control performance combining the advantages of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] optimal solutions. Hence, this hybrid method is more suitable for more complex ground motions excitation to control critical structural responses instead of single characteristic excitation. And the comprehensive vibration control in dynamic time histories analyses can be achieved by this dual characteristic-based optimal strategy. When designing the specific TID, hybrid [Formula: see text] optimization can be considered as the best choice for its compatibility and high adaptability for complex practical engineering scenarios with random and diverse excitations.

A Systematic Review of the Most Recent Concepts in Kinetic Shading Systems with a Focus on Biomimetics: A Motion/Deformation Analysis

In the context of sustainability and ambitious goals for reducing CO2 emissions, modifying transparency in architecture becomes a crucial tool for managing energy flow into buildings. Kinetic shading systems (KSSs) regulate light and heat entry into a room, thereby reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions and improving daylight comfort. Recent advancements in KSSs have led to a significant increase in published papers since early 2022. This paper systematically reviews recent technological innovations in KSSs and presents the mechanical principles utilized in these systems. Given the kinetic/mechanical nature of all case studies examined, a categorization based on ‘type of motion and deformation’ was used, ranging from the simplest to the most complex solutions. In the context of kinetic systems, the motion category addresses the displacement (translation, rotation, or both) of rigid façade elements, while deformation describes the transformation that changes the shape of these elements. The data are presented in tabular form, including details about building type, climate zone, research type, evaluation, and before and after values. Additionally, some reviewed systems’ authors drew inspiration from nature, employing biomimetic methods to design KSSs. Despite considerable growth, these solutions still represent only 21% of all analyzed shading system cases. This topic is extensively discussed, considering tropical and nastic plant movements towards this paper’s conclusion. The PRISMA protocol was used to review, screen, select, and retrieve all cited papers. This review covers the most recent publications from 2022 to April 2024, recorded in the WoS and Scopus databases, and includes 66 papers.

Friedrich Nietzsche’s Philosophy of Nihilism in the Posthumous Fragments (1885–1888)

This article highlights the main principles of the Nietzschean view of nihilism. The analysis is focused on considering nihilism as a special approach to examination of the modern world. Nietzsche is positioning himself not only as a theorist or an investigator of cultural and anthropological symptoms of decadence, but also speaks as a prophet or a visionary. The article traces how Nietzsche gradually comes to the problem of dangerous nihilism. Already in his first significant work devoted to Greek tragedy he traces the tendencies of the decline of Western culture. Later on, the philosopher demonstrates that the origins of nihilism go back to the doctrine of true and false worlds in Platonism and this particular idea is the basis of the Christian moral doctrine. Nietzsche continues, as a result of the spread of the Judeo-Christian worldview, the ideals of hatred, resentment, bad conscience, and guilt are established, based on which the physical world is devalued. Therefore, the weakest forms of life are justified. This has a suggestive influence on all domains of culture: philosophy, science, art, literature, etc. Finally, a man turns into a possessor of the will to nonbeing. Nietzsche exposes different types of this nihilistic movement. His words ‘death of God’ become a figure of human loss of values that provided a person with meaning, purpose, and integrity. A tired and exhausted human being is disposed to pessimism as a symptom of nihilism. In Western society, substitutes for God—progress or collective happiness—are invented to save the situation. In contrast to this, Nietzsche’s active nihilism, which opposes passive nihilism—indifference and weakness that indicates trivial joys instead of the will to power—will be able to change the condition.

A self-powered spring-based triboelectric vibration sensor

Abstract Self-powered vibration sensors have gained attention due to their versatility. However, a limitation of many existing self-powered sensors is their single-direction functionality, which hinders their effectiveness in capturing multidirectional human movement’s swinging motions. To address this, this study introduces an innovative self-powered vibration sensor based on the triboelectrification effect of an inverted pendulum metal ball. This novel sensor excels at detecting micro-vibrations through the freestanding sliding electrification of a metal ball using Kapton tape. The generated charge is transferred through interdigital electrodes arranged in a spiral pattern. To ensure adaptability to various motion types, the metal ball is affixed to a spring and configured as an inverted pendulum. This setup allows the sensor to detect both linear and rotary motions across a range of acceleration levels. The fabricated sensor exhibits remarkable sensitivity, measuring 0.203 V/mm. It was affixed to the human body to detect low-frequency vibrations, particularly those below 20 Hz. Impressively, it can detect millimeter-scale vibrations, even up to 3 mm, at different rotational angles (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°). This outcome highlights the promising performance of our vibration sensor in the field of human motion monitoring, making it a significant advancement in the realm of self-powered vibration sensors.

The effect of fresh and used ankle taping on lower limb biomechanics in sports specific movements

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the effects of ankle taping on lower extremity biomechanics related to injury development and how these effects change after sports-specific use. DesignRandomized, repeated measures design with three conditions: Barefoot, tape applied fresh, and tape after sports-specific use (between-subject factor: sex). MethodsTwenty-five healthy participants (ten female) performed sports-specific movements, including running, drop jumping, and 180° change of direction, under the three conditions. Kinetic and kinematic data were collected using 3D motion capturing and force platforms. ResultsTape applied fresh and tape after sports-specific use significantly reduced peak ankle inversion. Biomechanical risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament or running overuse injuries were either unchanged or decreased with tape applied fresh, except for the peak loading rate of the resultant ground reaction force, which increased between 4% and 18% between movement types. After 15 minutes of sports-specific use of the tape, the alterations induced by tape applied fresh remained for some biomechanical risk factors while they became closer to barefoot again for others, indicating a differential response to prolonged use of taping for different biomechanical variables. ConclusionsAnkle taping protects the ankle joint by reducing biomechanical risk factors associated with ankle sprains, and most biomechanical risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament or running overuse injuries are not increased. Further research is needed to explore the duration of protective effects, variations across sports, and its impact on patients with chronic ankle instability, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of ankle taping's influence on lower extremity biomechanics.

Clear Aligner Therapy Concerns: Addressing Discrepancies Between Digitally Anticipated Outcomes and Clinical Ground Realities.

Expeditious strides in the fields of biomaterials, computer-aided design, and manufacturing have catapulted clear aligner therapy (CAT) to become a comprehensive orthodontic treatment modality. The efficiency of achieving planned tooth movement with clear aligners is a significant consideration while setting up the final treatment goals, as well as calculating treatment times and costs based on the available evidence. Contemporary research outcomes confirm that one of the most commonly reported clinical concerns with CAT is the discrepancy between the prescribed outcome in the digital treatment plan and the clinically achieved outcome from a given series of aligners. Inaccurate prediction of tooth movements may not only lead to a prolonged duration of aligner treatment with an additional need for refinement strategies; but it may also cause other concerns, such as patient burnout and increased potential for relapse. The authors of this paper have elucidated some of the critical elements that may help address this discrepancy between digitally prescribed and clinical outcomes based on an evidence-based approach with regard to the predictability and accuracy of CAT. A strong diagnostic acumen, judicious case selection, solid biomechanical understanding of various types of orthodontic tooth movements, a research framework that keeps pace with technological and material developments and provides evidence-based knowledge of the limitations of CAT; and above all, the ability of the clinician to continually innovate as per different clinical scenarios, all contribute to attaining treatment predictability, efficacy, and efficiency with CAT.

EAPTON: Event-based Antinoise Powerlines Tracking with ON/OFF Enhancement

Abstract Event-based powerlines detection and tracking is a thriving research topic with significance in autonomous powerlines inspection, especially for payload-limited UAVs. Currently, event-based line detection methods are developed to address line detection in dynamic scenes, including UAV-based powerlines tracking. However, due to the motion sensitivity of event cameras, it is challenging to eliminate false line detection caused by clustered events from a complex background. Taking inspiration from animals’ motion vision, we propose the EAPTON algorithm to address the vulnerable robustness against complex backgrounds. In our method, the brightness increments (ON events) and decrements (OFF events) are separately processed in parallel pathways, which is prevalent in animals’ motion vision. To increase selective sensibility to powerlines, we utilize the feature that twin-born ON and OFF events will simultaneously arise on the bilateral side of the powerlines. We verified our algorithm in a simulated powerlines inspection scenario with background noise, it outperforms the SOTA algorithm in robustness. Surprisingly, we found that the relative motion type between UAV and the target (e.g., powerlines) is strongly correlated with the statistical asymmetry of the ON/OFF events, which provides a modal of visual cues for motion estimation in other robotic tasks and may shed a light on the explanation of why ON/OFF neural mechanism exists in numerous animals motion vision systems.