Types Of Mental Health Research Articles

Comparing temporal changes and predictors of different types of mental health and socio-emotional wellbeing outcomes during COVID-19: an overlapping panel study of Spanish residents

ObjectivesFew panel studies have investigated how different types of mental health (MH) and socio-emotional wellbeing (SEW) outcomes have changed during the pandemic and if their burden has been equally distributed at the population-level. We aimed to examine temporal changes in these outcomes and their socio-ecological predictors using panel data.Study designLongitudinal population-based survey with overlapping panels.MethodsAnalyses were carried out using four measurements of data from the Health and Social Survey (April 2020 to April 2021). Participants included Andalusian (Spanish) residents aged 16 years or older who participated in all four measurements (n = 1223). Seven dichotomous MH and SEW outcomes, as well as several socio-ecological predictors informed by a conceptual model, were examined in descriptive and multivariate analyses.ResultsUnadjusted odds of regular/bad perceived mental health (vs. excellent/very good/good), low socio-emotional wellbeing (vs. regular), low happiness (vs. regular), and feeling anxious (vs. not feeling anxious) decreased significantly from the first to the second measurement; however, in the fourth, low socio-emotional wellbeing significantly increased while low optimism decreased. Considering varying coefficients, objectively measured COVID-19 status and self-reported severity levels of the infection were statistically significant. Health status, social support, and household financial difficulty predicted higher adjusted odds in most of the seven assessed outcomes.ConclusionsSignificant temporal variations in MH and SEW outcomes, along with their predictors, were observed during the first year of the pandemic. Some of these outcomes worsened as the pandemic progressed, whereas others improved. Findings also suggest that some individuals such as those experiencing poor health, limited social support, and low socioeconomic status are disproportionately impacted.

Children with Mental Illness and Their Families: Problems and Implications for Social Work

This paper aims to assess the situation of children’s mental health as well as the problems that their families are facing. The results show that, currently, children in the study are facing many types of mental illness with different levels from light to serious mental health problems. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is the highest rate among mental health types. The causes of mental illness are quite diverse, including psychological and social causes. With such a situation, their families are also facing different issues and difficulties such as stress in the family; economic decline; being discriminated against; lack of childcare knowledge. Based on the study findings on the child mental health situation and the problems encountered by the family, the article has provided some information and discussions about solutions in general as well as emphasized on the implications of social work in intervening and supporting the problems that the research has discovered.

Detection of traumatic stress in the presence of traumatic experiences: the role of resilience factors in foster care children five years or younger

BackgroundChildren less than five years of age comprised approximately 30% in 2020 of foster care entries in the United States, and they are consistently the largest foster care entry group. Very young children can respond differently to the same adverse life events. Detection of complex interpersonal traumas is core to providing appropriate interventions and prevention of reoccurring negative outcomes in these children.MethodsChildren who (1) were identified as having experienced complex interpersonal trauma, but (2) who did not have traumatic stress symptoms were identified using Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths data in a large midwestern state from 2010 to 2021. A logistic model was fit to determine the effect of cumulative traumatic exposures (e.g., adverse childhood experiences such that increased events were hypothesized to predict an increased likelihood of symptomatic detection. We conducted a latent class analysis to understand the relationship between traumatic experiences, asset-based factors, and the detection of traumatic stress in children aged five years and under who had exposure to traumatic events but did not have detectable traumatic stress symptoms.ResultsWe detected three classes within this population of very young children, who were described as “resilient” (demonstrating asset-based resilience when faced with traumatic experiences), “missed” (those who exhibit behavioral and mental health types like those with detected traumatic stress symptoms but who were not detected as such), and “unfolding”. Very young children do demonstrate asset-based resilience when faced with traumatic experiences.ConclusionsDetection of traumatic stress may be more difficult in young children. It is important to assess both traumatic stress and strengths to ensure that children who are resilient after exposure to traumatic experiences (i.e., do not demonstrate traumatic stress symptoms) are not referred to unnecessary interventions. Additional educational approaches are needed to help caseworkers identify symptoms of traumatic stress that mirror symptoms of other behavioral and emotional challenges. Precision medicine approaches are required to best match the interventions to specific needs of young children. Recognition of resilience in very young children is critical for designing systems that customize approaches of trauma-informed care.

Research on the heterogeneous effects of residents' income on mental health.

The influence of residents' income on mental health is complex, and there are heterogeneous effects of residents' income on different types of mental health. Based on the annual panel data of 55 countries from 2007 to 2019, this paper divides residents' income into three dimensions: absolute income, relative income and income gap. Mental health is divided into three aspects: subjective well-being, prevalence of depression and prevalence of anxiety. Panel Tobit model is used to study the heterogeneous impact of residents' income on mental health. The results show that, on the one hand, different dimensions of residents' income have a heterogeneous impact on mental health, specifically, absolute income has a positive impact on mental health, while relative income and income gap have no significant impact on mental health. On the other hand, the impact of different dimensions of residents' income on different types of mental health is heterogeneous. Specifically, absolute income and income gap have heterogeneous effects on different types of mental health, while relative income has no significant impact on different types of mental health.

Health Equity for Abenaki Indigenous People: Improving Access to Quality Mental Health and Substance Use Services.

The purpose of this study was to learn about the Abenaki Indigenous communities' access to services, specifically, their beliefs and knowledge about different types of mental health and substance abuse services and supports within their communities. This was an exploratory qualitative study using a focus group approach. Two focus groups were conducted in spring 2020 with community members and tribal leaders from different Abenaki Bands in Franklin, Chittenden, and Addison Counties and the Northeast Kingdom in Vermont. Participants were recruited via a mix of convenience and snowball sampling approaches. A total of 15 Abenaki community members participated in 2 separate focus groups, including 5 current and former Chiefs who served or were currently serving as the primary leadership of this state-recognized tribe. Members of the Abenaki community communicated that the loss and erasure of their culture combined with lack of trust of community support agencies impacted the ways in which the Abenaki community conceptualizes health and wellness for themselves and thus impacts parenting and youth substance use as well as opioid use and prescription drug misuse for participants in this study. Abenaki Indigenous experience many obstacles to effective prevention and intervention services. Recruitment of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) individuals, specifically Abenaki, into the health and mental health workforce can support health equity efforts for this population. Finally, better efforts to foster and support AI/AN culture, specifically Abenaki culture, can support substance use and suicide prevention with this vulnerable community.

Sistem Pakar Mendeteksi Kondisi Kesehatan Mental Dengan Metode Forward Chaining Berbasis Android

The Expert System here is a system designed or built to imitate an expert using Android that can be installed, this system helps in handling and providing tips and solutions for these mental health conditions. From the research carried out, an Android-based expert system for the diagnosis of mental health conditions using the forward chaining method can provide information about 3 types of mental health, 15 symptom data, 3 different types of mental health, provide information about causes and tips on maintaining health conditions. mental health, to suggestions for final treatment. The results of the test using the Alpha Test on 17 respondents who we directed to install the expert system application first, the respondents consisted of students and the general public obtained the answer "Correct" has a percentage value of 0.51 or like 51%, and testing using Black Box testing that shows the value of the results according to the referral site

Group-tailored feedback on online mental health screening for university students: using cluster analysis

BackgroundThe method by which mental health screening result reports are given affects the user’s health behavior. Lists with the distribution of scores in various mental health areas is difficult for users to understand, and if the results are negative, they may feel more embarrassed than necessary. Therefore, we propose using group-tailored feedback, grouping people of similar mental health types by cluster analysis for comprehensive explanations of multidimensional mental health.MethodsThis cross-sectional, observational study was conducted using a qualitative approach based on cluster analysis. Data were collected via a developed mental screening website, with depression, anxiety, sleep problems, perfectionism, procrastination, and attention assessed for 2 weeks in January 2020 in Korea. Participants were randomly recruited, and sample size was 174. Total was divided into 25 with severe depression/anxiety (SDA+) and 149 without severe depression/anxiety (SDA-) according to the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 criteria. Cluster analysis was conducted in each group, and an ANOVA was performed to find significant clusters. Thereafter, structured discussion was performed with mental health professionals to define the features of the clusters and construct the feedback content initially. Thirteen expert counselors were interviewed to reconstruct the content and validate the effectiveness of the developed feedback.ResultsSDA- was divided into 3 using the k-means algorithm, which showed the best performance (silhouette score = 0.32, CH score = 91.67) among the clustering methods. Perfectionism and procrastination were significant factors in discretizing the groups. SDA+ subgroups were integrated because only 25 people belonged to this group, and they need professional help rather than self-care. Mental status and treatment recommendations were determined for each group, and group names were assigned to represent their features. The developed feedback was assessed to improve mental health literacy (MHL) through integrative and understandable explanations of multidimensional mental health. Moreover, it appeared that a sense of belonging was induced to reduce reluctance to face the feedback.ConclusionsThis study suggests group-tailored feedback using cluster analysis, which identifies groups of university students by integrating multidimensions of mental health. These methods can help students increase their interest in mental health and improve MHL to enable timely help.

Are There Heterogeneous Impacts of Air Pollution on Mental Health?

Many studies reveal that air pollution is related to mental health. However, the level of impact and the regulatory mechanism of air pollution on different types of mental health are unknown. This paper examines the heterogeneous impact and mediating mechanisms of air pollution on mental health based on data of 51 countries from 2010 to 2017 by using panel Tobit random effect model, mediating effect model, and bootstrap test. The findings show that, firstly, there is heterogeneous impact of air pollution on different types of mental health. Specifically, air pollution has a significant positive impact on depression; and the impacts on happiness and anxiety are closely related to income level. Secondly, the heterogeneous impact of air pollution on mental health is contingent on income levels. Thirdly, the heterogeneous impacts under different income levels are exacerbated by different levels of education and population density. Lastly, the mediating effect of physical health on different types of mental health is also heterogeneous. To be specific, the effects of air pollution on depression and anxiety are partly mediated by physical health; whereas the effect on happiness is not. These findings contribute to the understanding of air pollution on public health, and have significant implication for social and public health policy makers.

Your Child's Mental Health: When to Seek Help and Where to Get Help

Patient Education| 2021 Your Child's Mental Health: When to Seek Help and Where to Get Help Connected Content Translation: La salud mental de su hijo: Cuándo buscar ayuda y dónde obtenerla: (Your Child's Mental Health: When to Seek Help and Where to Get Help) Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Your Child's Mental Health: When to Seek Help and Where to Get Help . Pediatric Patient Education 2021; 10.1542/peo_document018 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All AAP SitesAll PublicationsPediatric Patient Education Search Advanced Search Topics: behavioral problems, counseling, ethanol, fear, insurance, mental health, professional counselor, mental health services, privacy If you are concerned, remember that your child's doctor can help. He or she may also suggest that your child see a mental health or behavioral specialist. Specialists include child psychiatrists, psychologists, clinical social workers, counselors, or pediatric developmental and behavioral specialists. They may be able to help with evaluation, testing, or treatment. Treatment includes counseling, education, or prescribing medicine. (In this brochure, the term specialist will be used to refer to doctors and other health care professionals.) Read on to learn about sources of help, risk factors, types of mental health and behavioral specialists, ways to talk with your child, and insurance and payment issues. The result can be less stress and greater happiness for you, your child, and your family. Let your child's doctor know if your child has one or more of the following signs or symptoms: Poor or... Copyright © 20032003American Academy of Pediatrics You do not currently have access to this content.

Are There Heterogeneous Impacts of National Income on Mental Health?

Understanding heterogeneous impact and mechanisms between national income and mental health are crucial to develop prevention and intervention strategies. Based on panel data from 2007 to 2017, this study explores the heterogeneous impact of national income on different types of mental health. Then, it analyzes the heterogeneous impact among countries with different income levels. Furthermore, the heterogeneous moderating effects of national income on mental health mechanisms are elaborated and the findings reveal several key conclusions: firstly, national income exerts a heterogeneous impact on different types of mental health. Rising national income is conducive to increase people’s happiness and reduce their prevalence of anxiety disorders, but it increases the prevalence of depression disorders. Secondly, national income has a heterogeneous impact on different types of mental health among countries with different income levels. Furthermore, the heterogeneous influence mechanism of national income on mental health is mainly reflected in different types of mental health. Unemployment, social support and freedom can moderate the relationship between national income and depression, while social support, positive affect and negative affect can moderate the relationship between national income and anxiety. Finally, based on the conclusions of quantitative analysis, some important policy recommendations are proposed for policy makers.

An App for Classifying Personal Mental Illness at Workplace Using Fit Statistics and Convolutional Neural Networks: Survey-Based Quantitative Study.

BackgroundMental illness (MI) is common among those who work in health care settings. Whether MI is related to employees’ mental status at work is yet to be determined. An MI app is developed and proposed to help employees assess their mental status in the hope of detecting MI at an earlier stage.ObjectiveThis study aims to build a model using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and fit statistics based on 2 aspects of measures and outfit mean square errors for the automatic detection and classification of personal MI at the workplace using the emotional labor and mental health (ELMH) questionnaire, so as to equip the staff in assessing and understanding their own mental status with an app on their mobile device.MethodsWe recruited 352 respiratory therapists (RTs) working in Taiwan medical centers and regional hospitals to fill out the 44-item ELMH questionnaire in March 2019. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Rasch analysis, and CNN were used as unsupervised and supervised learnings for (1) dividing RTs into 4 classes (ie, MI, false MI, health, and false health) and (2) building an ELMH predictive model to estimate 108 parameters of the CNN model. We calculated the prediction accuracy rate and created an app for classifying MI for RTs at the workplace as a web-based assessment.ResultsWe observed that (1) 8 domains in ELMH were retained by EFA, (2) 4 types of mental health (n=6, 63, 265, and 18 located in 4 quadrants) were classified using the Rasch analysis, (3) the 44-item model yields a higher accuracy rate (0.92), and (4) an MI app available for RTs predicting MI was successfully developed and demonstrated in this study.ConclusionsThe 44-item model with 108 parameters was estimated by using CNN to improve the accuracy of mental health for RTs. An MI app developed to help RTs self-detect work-related MI at an early stage should be made more available and viable in the future.

Primary care reform and funding equity for mental health disorders in Ontario: a retrospective observational population-based study.

Mental health disorders are associated with high morbidity and reduced life expectancy, and are largely managed in primary care. We sought to assess the equity of distribution of new alternative payment models and teams introduced under primary care reform in Ontario for patients with mental health disorders. We conducted a retrospective observational study using population-level administrative data for insured Ontario adults (age ≥ 18 yr) to identify all primary care payments to physicians that were allocated to individual patients in 2002/03 and 2011/12. We identified patients with mental health disorders using validated algorithms, and modelled the relations between per capita primary care costs and mental health disorders over time, stratified by type of mental health or substance use disorder and type of primary care payment. In an adjusted model, we adjusted for age, sex, rurality, neighbourhood income quintile, immigrant status, comorbidity and primary care model. For comparative purposes, we also examined the distribution of primary care payments for people with diabetes mellitus. Total per capita primary care payments increased more slowly over the study period for patients with mental health disorders (62.0%) than for the general population (88.3%). Total payments for patients with substance use disorders increased by 142.7%, largely owing to urine drug testing in opioid substitution clinics. Adjusted total payments for those with versus without mental health disorders decreased by 10% between 2002/03 and 2011/12, driven by lower alternative payments. Similar decreases, also driven by lower alternative payments, were found for all mental health disorder subgroups except substance use and for diabetes. Payment and team reforms were associated with inequitable resource allocation to people with mental health disorders. The findings suggest the need for monitoring reforms for their impact on high-needs populations and making appropriate adjustments.

Mental Health, Work Engagement and Meaningful Work-Role Fit of Industrial Psychologists: A Latent Profile Analysis

The purpose of this study was to identify distinctive mental health profiles for industrial psychologists based on the Mental Health Continuum. Further, it aimed to determine how these profiles differ with respect to work-role fit, meaningfulness and work engagement. It also aimed to investigate whether industrial psychologists within managerial or specialist differ in respect of different types of mental health. An online cross-sectional survey design was employed to draw a census sample (n = 274) from all South African industrial psychologists. A biographical questionnaire, the Work-Role Fit Scale, the Psychological Meaningfulness Scale, the Work Engagement Scale, and the Mental Health Continuum–Short Form were administered. Descriptive statistics, correlations, latent profile analysis, MANOVAs and ANOVAs were computed. Three mental health profiles for industrial psychologists were identified: languishing, moderately mentally healthy and flourishing. Significant differences between the three mental health profiles and experiences of meaningful work-role fit and work engagement were found, but not between experiences of managerial roles. The results show that individuals with different mental health profiles, experience work and its related outcomes, differently. Therefore, in order to enhance meaningful work-role fit and work engagement of industrial psychologists, a one-size-fits-all model may not be appropriate.

Mental health and psychosocial adjustment in pediatric chronic kidney disease derived from the KNOW-Ped CKD study.

Psychosocial development of pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is substantially affected due to growth retardation, frequent school absences, and difficulties engaging in normal peer relationship activities. While many studies focus on specific issues such as depression, anxiety, or neurocognitive function, few evaluate prevalence of various types of mental health and psychosocial adjustment problems among children with CKD. This study aimed to investigate these within the KoreaN cohort study for Outcomes in patients With Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-Ped CKD). One hundred sixty-six subjects who completed the Korean-Child Behavioral Checklist (K-CBCL) were included. The clinical group comprised subjects with scores indicating psychosocial adjustment or mental health problems using the T scores for the 14 subscales of the K-CBCL. We analyzed associations between mental health or adjustment problems in pediatric CKD and each variable. Mean age was 11.1 (± 3.9) years, number of males was 117 (70.5%), and 20.5% and 22.3% of children had significant mental health problems and psychosocial adjustment problems, respectively. Overall, 33.1% were assigned to the clinical group, and exhibited short stature and higher rates of preterm birth history compared to the non-clinical group. Subjects with adjustment problems had higher comorbidities such as CNS disease, developmental delay, cardiovascular disease, and multi-organ involvement. Logistic regression analysis revealed preterm birth and developmental delay correlated highly with clinical group. A significant proportion of children and adolescents with CKD experience mental health and adjustment problems. In particular, patients with developmental delay or preterm birth history require screening and targeted follow-up.

Gender differences in mental health and substance use disorders and related healthcare services utilization.

Pathological gambling often co-occurs with other psychiatric disorders. Gender differences in treatment-seeking behaviors among patients with pathological gambling diagnosis remain poorly understood. This study assessed gender differences in healthcare services utilization in patients seeking treatment for pathological gambling, substance use, and mental health co-occurring conditions. Study data were derived from a representative sample of the Massachusetts All Payers Claims Database for the period 2009-2013. Descriptive analyses were performed by gender using group t-tests and Pearson's chi-square tests. Bootstrap analysis was used to account for skewed distribution of healthcare services utilization data. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the association between healthcare services utilization and gender while controlling for patient's age, county, and ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes. Over two-thirds of the patients were males. Moreover, two in five patients seeking treatment had pathological gambling as principal or primary diagnosis. Females had a significantly greater number of three or more co-occurring psychiatric conditions than males. Having a diagnosis of episodic mood disorder, neurotic disorder, or adjustment reaction significantly increased the utilization of healthcare services for both genders. Females had a greater utilization of healthcare services than males for the same psychiatric diagnosis. Healthcare services utilization significantly varies by gender and type of mental health and substance use diagnosis. There are significant differences by gender in the utilization of healthcare services for the same psychiatric disorders. There is a need to address gender differences in psychiatric conditions and their related healthcare needs. (Am J Addict 2019;28:9-15).

청소년의 긍정적 정신건강 유형에 따른 행복에 대한 암묵적 이론에서의 차이 : 서울지역 청소년 대상 예비 연구

청소년의 긍정적 정신건강 유형에 따른 행복에 대한 암묵적 이론에서의 차이 : 서울지역 청소년 대상 예비 연구

Trends in the Inclusion of Mental Health Providers in Medicare Shared Savings Program ACOs

The study evaluated the presence of mental health providers in the Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) accountable care organizations. On the basis of data for all 105,155 providers participating in the 220 MSSPs in 2012 and 2013, MSSPs were classified by whether they included psychiatrists, psychologists, or clinical social workers. Descriptive statistics were calculated, including the number and type of mental health providers. The inclusion of mental health providers varied substantially over time and across MSSPs. Only 52% of MSSPs included at least one mental health provider in April 2012. This proportion increased to 64% in July 2012 and was 61% in January 2013. MSSPs including mental health providers had a mean average of 26 such practitioners (minimum of 1, median of 11, and maximum of 240). Although the MSSP model generally incentivized high-quality, coordinated care, it has largely overlooked mental health services.

Help for the Helper: Mental Health Concerns, Supports, and Stigma in School Counselors

Self-stigma prohibits many from seeking mental health support, and those in helping professions are not immune to this phenomenon. In this study, we investigated types of mental health concerns, frequencies and types of professional supports, and the relationship between stigma and help seeking in a sample of 330 school counselors. We found significant differences related to gender and familiarity with mental health concerns, as well as differences related to personal experience with mental health concerns. There was no significant difference in stigma for participants who had few personal and professional experiences with mental health concerns and participants who had many professional experiences with mental health concerns.

Resilience of children with refugee statuses: A research review.

Countries around the world, including Canada, are becoming more culturally, ethnically, and linguistically diverse because of the reception of children and families through involuntary migration. Refugees are defined by the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) as children and adults who have migrated to other countries due to fear of persecution in their country because of factors such as race, religion, nationality, or political opinion (Fantino & Colak, 2001). As of 2014, 51% of the 19.5 million registered refugees across the globe were children and youth, the highest figure in more than a decade (UNHCR, 2014). Every day, nearly 5,000 children become refugees, with a vast number growing up and spending their entire lives in refugee camps (UNHCR, 2014). Approximately 34,000 children are unaccompanied at the point of arrival or separated from family after arriving in a new country (UNHCR, 2014), which is notable given that unaccompanied minors often experience greater time in refugee camps awaiting decisions about placement and are at greater risk for mental health concerns (Fazel, Reed, Panter-Brick, & Stein, 2012; Wilkinson, 2002). Therefore, it is critical to identify factors that promote resilience at each stage of the migration process for refugee youth.Refugee Children in CanadaCanada has demonstrated a well-established effort toward resettling families and children as well as a public interest in providing support through active volunteer groups at the individual, community, and agency level (Government of Canada, 2016). Refugees from nearly every country have migrated to Canada over the years, including countries from Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Central and South America, and more recently Iraq and Syria. According to UNHCR (2014) over the last 10 years, approximately 26,000 refugees arrived in Canada each year, with 42% of this number successfully claiming refugee status, of which 36% are children. The countries where families are migrating from at any given time reflect the current world crises. For example, because of the current humanitarian crisis in Syria, Canada has welcomed more than 29,000 refugees from Syria from November 2015 to July 2016 (Government of Canada, 2016) and is planning on receiving thousands more. This sizable increase in the number of refugees entering Canada may yield economic concerns as the refugee population continues to increase and requires more resources. Given that the European Union (EU) has started to set restrictions on the number of refugees who can enter from Syria, Canada's role in receiving Syrian refugees as well as understanding how to promote their resilience is critical. The unique resilience factors that accompany Syrian children and families, such as peer support and a sense of community, may be protective against the development of psychosocial concerns throughout the migration process (Daud, af Klinteberg, & Rydelius, 2008).Current ReviewBecause of the substantial growth in refugee children that are entering Canada and other countries around the world, there is global interest in identifying factors that are associated with risk and positive adaptation of children. Refugee children can experience numerous stressors and traumatic events because of their migration, resettlement, and acculturation experiences. These stressors can fall broadly within three periods: premigration (e.g., trauma experienced while in their country of origin), migration (e.g., hostility encountered while travelling through supposedly safe countries before reaching their host country), and postmigration periods (e.g., separation from family after migration; Pacione, Measham, & Rousseau, 2013). Although the literature on refugee youth is filled with examples of risk for many types of mental health and educational challenges associated with each period of migration (Fazel et al., 2012), researchers are increasingly holding the viewpoint that it is important to view refugee children's experiences through a lens of recovery and resilience (Masten, 2012) because focusing on risk alone paints an incomplete picture of refugee youth's lives. …

Gender Differences in Positive Mental Health Types of Adolescents

Gender Differences in Positive Mental Health Types of Adolescents