Job Type Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USAGE OF ONLINE LOAN SERVICES AND THE WELL-BEING OF INDONESIAN USING CHI-SQUARE TEST

Online fintech lending offers convenience by providing flexibility for both lenders and borrowers. It led to a significant increase in users. Despite this encouraging growth, it comes with risks, such as the emergence of illegal loan companies. The controversial positive and negative aspects of online loans have sparked the researchers' interest in understanding how the Indonesian public perceives the existence of online loans and whether there is a relationship between the use of online loans and the well-being of users. The data were collected through the questionnaire using Google Form and then distributed to respondents who meet the specified sample criteria, namely Indonesian, aged 17 years old or above, and still able to think rationally. The total study sample are 191 respondents, with the total male is 90 and the total female is 101. Since the results of the data gathered were in the form of categorical data, so the Chi-square test is utilized in this study. With the calculated chi-square less than the chi-square table, it showed that there is no correlation between the frequency of using online loan services and the well-being of the Indonesian people, whether based on age, level of education, or type of job. Hence, it can be concluded that the usage of online loan services is not influences the well-being of Indonesian. It is also known that public perceptions of online loans vary and cannot be generalized. However, those less prosperous, tend to agree with and appreciate the online loan services’ existence compared to those who are prosperous.

Self-Determination Theory and Workplace Outcomes: A Conceptual Review and Future Research Directions.

Adaptive workplace outcomes, such as employee work engagement, job performance, and satisfaction are positively associated with physical and psychological well-being, while maladaptive workplace outcomes, including work-related disengagement, dissatisfaction, stress, boredom, fatigue, and burnout, are negatively associated with well-being. Researchers have applied self-determination theory to identify key motivational correlates of these adaptive work-related determinants and outcomes. Research applying the theory has consistently indicated that autonomous forms of motivation and basic psychological need satisfaction are related to better employee performance, satisfaction, and engagement, while controlled forms of motivation and need frustration are associated with increased employee burnout and turnover. Forms of motivation have also been shown to mediate relations between need satisfaction and adaptive workplace outcomes. Despite support for these associations, a number of limitations in research in the field have been identified, which place limits on the inferences that can be drawn. Noted limitations encompass an over-reliance on single-occasion, correlational data; few fit-for-purpose tests of theory mechanisms; and a lack of consideration of key moderating variables. In the current conceptual review, we discuss these limitations in turn, with specific reference to examples from the extant research applying the theory in workplace contexts, and provide a series of recommendations we expect will set the agenda for future studies applying the theory in the workplace. Based on our review, we make three key recommendations: we stress the need for studies adopting experimental and longitudinal designs to permit better inferences (i.e., causal and directional), highlight the need for intervention research to explicitly test mediation effects to provide evidence for theory mechanisms, and outline some candidate moderators of theory effects, including workplace context, job type, pay structure, and causality orientations. We expect these recommendations to set an agenda for future research applying self-determination theory in workplace contexts with a view to filling the current evidence gaps and improving evidential quality.

Multi-dimensional State Space Collapse in Non-complete Resource Pooling Scenarios

The present paper establishes an explicit multi-dimensional state space collapse (SSC) for parallel-processing systems with arbitrary compatibility constraints between servers and job types. This breaks major new ground beyond the SSC results and queue length asymptotics in the literature which are largely restricted to complete resource pooling (CRP) scenarios where the steady-state queue length vector concentrates around a line in heavy traffic. The multi-dimensional SSC that we establish reveals heavy-traffic behavior which is also far more tractable than the pre-limit queue length distribution, yet exhibits a fundamentally more intricate structure than in the one-dimensional case, providing useful insight into the system dynamics. In particular, we prove that the limiting queue length vector lives in a K-dimensional cone of which the set of spanning vectors is random in general, capturing the delicate interplay between the various job types and servers. For a broad class of systems we provide a further simplification which shows that the collection of random cones constitutes a fixed K-dimensional cone, resulting in a K-dimensional SSC. The dimension~K represents the number of critically loaded subsystems, or equivalently, capacity bottlenecks in heavy-traffic, with K=1 corresponding to conventional CRP scenarios. Our approach leverages probability generating function (PGF) expressions for Markovian systems operating under redundancy policies.

The inverted-U model of employee happiness: examining overdose happiness in context of personal characteristics, job-relationship dependency, benign stress, and various theories.

In recent years, the management literature has begun to deal with individual and organizational results after happiness rather than the pursuit of happiness in business life and finally reaching happiness. After the fact that everything in an overdose is harmful, it has become the subject of even more research with paradoxical results that happiness that evokes positive emotions is not as innocent as it seems. In this study, which aims to reveal the harmful effects of overdose of employee happiness, the reasons for the manager's fear - or anxiety - about the happiness of his employees are interpreted. The Inverted-U Model of Employee Happiness (IUMEH) has been developed and individual work outputs have been evaluated in three areas that (1) support happiness, (2) reflect balanced happiness, and (3) turn negative with an overdose of happiness intoxication. It has been suggested that IUMEH, which is thought to contribute to the literature as it is the first descriptive model to emerge, should be supported by applied studies, and it has been reminded that the curvilinear aspect of the model may include differences in terms of culture, type and characteristics of job, private, public or non-profit enterprises, generations of managers and the level of managers (front-line, middle level and senior level etc.).

Job-related factors associated with tobacco use among Chinese food delivery riders: A cross-sectional survey.

Food delivery drivers represent a rapidly growing occupational group in China in recent years. Their unique work patterns such as a complex work environment and high time-pressure may subject them to more severe tobacco use issues compared to other professions. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of tobacco use within this group and examine the underlying reasons behind it. A cross-sectional, multistage sampling design was conducted to select 1879 food delivery riders from Guangzhou and Shenzhen. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from August to December 2022. Chi-squared analysis and binary logistic regression analysis, adjusted for factors including gender, education level, type of employment, alcohol use, job-related uncertainty stress, and emotional exhaustion, were used to explore the key factors associated with smoking among this occupational group. Altogether, 65.5% of individuals in this sample were smokers, with 69.5% among males and 26.2% among females. Factors found to be significantly associated with smoking behavior were male sex (AOR=5.48; 95% CI: 3.74-8.02), education level of junior high school or lower (AOR=1.60; 95% CI: 1.21-2.11), education level of senior high school (AOR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.18-1.95), full-time job (AOR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.18-1.80), alcohol use (AOR=3.91; 95% CI: 3.14-4.87), moderate level of job-related uncertainty stress (AOR=0.58; 95% CI: 0.42-0.81), high level of emotional exhaustion (AOR=1.57; 95% CI: 1.17-2.10) and moderate level of emotional exhaustion (AOR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.00-2.30). Demographic factors like gender, education level, job type, and substance use should be considered in designing smoking cessation campaigns for this group. Improving work conditions, reducing emotional exhaustion, and managing stress may also reduce smoking and enhance the well-being of these riders.

A Decision Model for High School Students' Summer job Choices: a Study Combining Hierarchical Analysis and Entropy Power Methods

As summer vacation approaches, high school students face an annual opportunity: choosing a summer job. These job opportunities not only provide a way to earn money, but also help students explore their career interests, develop key skills, and prepare them for future educational and career paths. However, high school students often have difficulty in finding the right job. To solve this, we have constructed a decision model that combines the hierarchical analysis of hierarchy (AHP) and entropy weighting method, aiming to find the best match among the many choices for high school students. The problem is essentially a multi-criteria decision-making problem that involves a number of decision-making factors, which need to be taken into account, along with the job characteristics and the applicant's profile and preferences. In our research, summer jobs are evaluated on a total of eight criteria: income, safety risk, job purpose, working conditions, and work. The model takes into account the job characteristics and the user's profile/preferences, and is therefore able to recommend the best job that matches the user's profile/preferences. In this paper, the AHP is used to determine the relative importance of these criteria for each individual, while the entropy weighting method is used to determine the relative importance of these criteria from an objective perspective. The model works as expected by validating it against nineteen types of job and ten fictional characters. Not only can we recommend the best jobs with the highest scores, but we can also rank all candidate jobs according to the calculated priority, providing users with a wider range of job options.

The Gender Application Gap: Do Men and Women Apply for the Same Jobs?

Men and women tend to hold different jobs. Are these differences present already in the types of jobs men and women apply for? Using administrative data on job applications made by the universe of Danish unemployment insurance recipients, we provide evidence on gender differences in applied-for jobs for the broader labor market. Across a range of job characteristics, we find large gender gaps in the share of applications going to different job types even among observationally similar men and women. In a standard decomposition, gender differences in applications can explain more than 70 percent of the residual gender wage gap. (JEL J16, J31, J64, J65, J71)

Enhancing COVID-19 Risk Mitigation in Bisha City Primary Schools: Investigating Teacher and Administrative Staff Awareness Through a Comprehensive Survey.

Background and aims This research investigates COVID-19 awareness among primary school teachers and staff in Bisha City. It aims to enhance safety protocols by examining knowledge, awareness levels, and demographic associations. Despite school reopening, concerns linger. The study promotes informed decision-making, fostering a safer school environment and contributing to the well-being of the educational community. Methods In an institutional-based cross-sectional study among primary school teachers and administrative staff in Bisha City, our research aimed to comprehensively evaluate awareness regarding specific measures for minimizing COVID-19 risks. With a sample size of 348 participants, we employed a robust methodology, including online questionnaires addressing sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge about COVID-19 risks. The data collection period spanned from March 2022 to December 2023, providing a temporal context for responses. A pilot test ensured questionnaire clarity, and efforts were made to enhance reliability and validity, incorporating validated scales and iterative adjustments based on feedback. Non-response or incomplete responses were handled transparently, with sensitivity analyses to assess potential impact. The awareness level was measured using 17 Likert scale questions, and predefined categories (poor, moderate, and good) facilitated result interpretation. Researcher influence was minimized through training and inter-rater reliability checks. Confidentiality and anonymity were rigorously maintained, adhering to ethical considerations. Statistical analyses employed frequency tables, percentages, mean, standard deviations, and the chi-square test. Dissemination included academic publications, reports to the educational directorate, and presentations at conferences. This holistic approach contributes to the robustness and societal impact of our study, offering insights into COVID-19 awareness among educators in Bisha City. Results In this study assessing awareness among teachers and administrative staff in Bisha City regarding COVID-19 risk minimization, data from 348 respondents revealed key bio-demographic characteristics. The majority demonstrated good knowledge of environmental (83%) and personal hygiene risks (84%). The chi-square test indicated no significant associations between bio-demographic factors and awareness levels. Specifically, for age groups, χ²(4, N = 348) = 5.46, p = 0.707; for gender, χ²(1, N = 348) = 1.95, p = 0.744; for educational levels, χ²(4, N = 348) = 2.13, p = 0.995; for residency, χ²(1, N = 348) = 1.11, p = 0.892; and for job types, χ²(3, N = 348) = 8.30, p = 0.404. The absence of significant associations underscores the potential universality of successful awareness campaigns, suggesting that future efforts can maintain an inclusive approach without tailoring messages. These results emphasize the importance of sustained awareness efforts across the diverse demographic spectrum of the educational community. Conclusion This study reveals robust COVID-19 awareness among primary school teachers and staff in Bisha City, with no significant demographic associations. Successful, inclusive awareness campaigns can further enhance safety measures and promote well-being in the educational community.

Level of Strategic Planning Needs of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences Members at Benghazi University

This study aims to determine the level of strategic planning needs among faculty members at the faculty of Arts and Sciences Al-Abyar at Benghazi University. It aims to assertively identify any statistically significant differences in strategic planning needs based on gender, job title, and type of degree obtained. The study utilized descriptive research and employed a questionnaire as its primary instrument. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.90 indicates high internal consistency. The study sample consisted of 61 members from the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Al-Abyar, Benghazi University, representing 60% of the study population. The study's results indicate that the level of identification of planning needs among members in the Faculty is medium. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences in the level of strategic planning needs of faculty members attributable to gender. Also, there were no statistically significant differences in the level of strategic planning needs among faculty members regardless of their job title or type of degree. The challenges and issues facing Benghazi University strategic plan are complex and require a multifaceted and collaborative approach from all stakeholders, including the faculty members across all colleges and research centers.

Dynamics of the Digital Workforce: Assessing the Interplay and Impact of AI, Automation, and Employment Policies

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation within various sectors poses challenges and opportunities for the global workforce. This study investigates the implications of AI and automation on employment patterns, skills requirements, and remote work infrastructures. Employing a quantitative research design, data was collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 482 professionals across the information technology, healthcare, and finance sectors. The analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test hypotheses related to the impact of technological advancements on employment. Major findings indicate a significant, albeit complex, impact of AI and automation on employment. Most respondents recognized AI and automation as catalysts for creating new job opportunities and enhancing productivity, particularly in sectors with high integration of digital technologies. However, the study also highlighted substantial concerns regarding the widening skills gap and the adequacy of current employment policies in managing the transition. Specifically, sixty-nine percent of respondents identified a significant skills gap necessitating urgent educational and training interventions. About half of the respondents viewed existing employment policies as inadequate in addressing the challenges of rapid technological changes. The study concludes that while AI and automation are reshaping the employment landscape, creating new types of jobs, and altering skill requirements, there is a critical need for proactive adaptation strategies. Recommendations include developing targeted reskilling programs, adaptive employment policies, and robust remote work infrastructures to support an increasingly digital workforce. These strategies are essential to harness the benefits of digital transformations while mitigating potential adverse effects on employment.

OA06 Regional differences in work productivity in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis in England and Wales

Abstract Background/Aims Inflammatory arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) causes significant work disability. Rapid diagnosis and early intervention can reduce the impact of disease. We have previously shown significant regional variation in care delivery. In this study we aim to study regional variation in work outcomes in early RA in England and Wales. Methods We used data from the UK National Early Inflammatory Arthritis Audit between April 2018 and March 2023 to identify patients with early-onset RA in England and Wales. At diagnosis, clinicians collected information on demographics and disease activity. Participants were invited to complete work outcome questionnaires at baseline and 3 months. Our analysis was restricted to patients with work data available at 3 months. The primary outcome was discontinuation of work due to arthritis. Patient characteristics were tabulated by region. Regression models (adjusted for age and gender) examined the associations between work discontinuation and region. Clustered standard errors were estimated to account for within-Trust correlations. Sensitivity models further explored the effects of deprivation and treatment delay. Results A total of 3,730 patients with confirmed RA provided work data. Mean age was 67, 62.3% were female and 7.8% from minority ethnic backgrounds. 14% were current smokers and 55.6% had one or more comorbidities. Median baseline DAS28 was 5.2 (IQR: 4.2-6.1). 363/3730 (10%) had stopped work due to RA by 3 months. 534/3,730 (14%) stopped work for any reason. In regression analysis, significant regional differences were seen in the odds of stopping work due to RA. The Midlands was the largest regional contributor of data and was used as the reference group. Patients from Northwest England were most likely to stop work by 3 months (age- and gender-adjusted OR 1.59, [95% CI 1.13-2.25]) with Midlands patients least likely. Sensitivity analysis showed that deprivation and treatment delay only partially attenuate the association between region and work outcome (OR for Northwest 1.57 [1.06-2.33]). Conclusion There is evidence of regional variation in the impact of new onset RA on work participation. Our analyses suggest that the associations are only partly explained by regional differences in care delivery or deprivation. Other factors such as job type and access to occupational health support warrant further investigation. Disclosure E. Alveyn: Other; Educational support from UCB. M. Adas: None. I. Sahbudin: None. A. Boonen: None. K. Bechman: Honoraria; UCB, Vifor Pharma. M.D. Russell: Honoraria; Abbvie, BioGen, Lilly, Galapagos, Menarini. Other; Educational grants from Lilly, Janssen, Pfizer, UCB. D. Nagra: Honoraria; Abbvie, Galapagos, Lilly. Other; Educational support from UCB. S. Gallagher: None. E. Price: None. K. Walker-Bone: None. S. Norton: None. J. Galloway: Honoraria; AbbVie, Celgene, Chugai, Gilead, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Roche and UCB.

The Impact of the Servant Leadership in the Management of Organizational Impression at Staff of Palestinian Private Universities

The study aimed to demonstrate the impact of servant leadership in managing the organizational impression among employees in private Palestinian universities. It followed the descriptive analytical approach and applied its vocabulary to a simple random sample of (388) employees in private Palestinian universities (University of Palestine, Israa University, Gaza University), using A comprehensive survey method for all members of the total population of (578) employees. The questionnaire and interviews were used as tools for collecting data.The results showed that the servant leadership came in at a significant 77.52%. The level of management of organizational impression management came in a large percentage (78.23%). The dimensions of the servant leadership (Empowerment, Emotional Containment) in managing the organizational impression were proven to be significant (70.6%), but did not demonstrate the dimensions (interest in subordinates, community service). Differences in examiners' responses to (Servant Leadership, Management of Organizational Impression) were not demonstrated depending on variables (Type of Job, Gender, Age Group, Years of Service And Academic Degree), but were found depending on the variable University Name between Israa University and Gaza University was for the benefit of Israa University.The study recommended enhancing attention to subordinates in clear ways that employees can feel and mentally link them to the services provided by the university community.

Gender and Parenthood Differences in Job Mobility and Pay Progression in the UK

Abstract Understanding disparities in the rates at which men and women’s wages grow over the life course is critical to explaining the gender pay gap. Using panel data from 2009 to 2019 for the United Kingdom, we examine how differences in the rates and types of job mobility of men and women—with and without children—influence the evolution of wages. We contrast the rates and wage returns associated with different types of job moves, including moving employer for family reason, moving for wage or career-related reasons, and changing jobs but remaining with the same employer. We find important gender and parenthood differences in the types of mobility experience, with mothers most likely to switch employers for family-related reasons and least likely to move for wage or career reasons, or to change jobs with the same employer. While job changes with the same employer and career related employer changes had large positive wage returns, changing employers for family-related reasons was associated with significant wage losses. We show that differences in job mobility between mothers and other workers are largest for young employees (under 30), the period over which wages also grow most rapidly in response to career related external, or internal, job moves. These mobility differences play an important role in explaining the rapid growth in the motherhood wage gap in the years after birth.

Scheduling critical periodic jobs with selective partial computations along with gang jobs

One of the main issues with distributed systems, like clouds, is scheduling complex workloads, which are made up of various job types with distinct features. Gang jobs are one kind of parallel applications that these systems support. This paper examines the scheduling of workloads that comprise gangs and critical periodic jobs that can allow for partial computations when necessary to overcome gang job execution. The simulation's results shed important light on how gang performance is impacted by partial computations of critical jobs. The results also reveal that, under the proposed scheduling scheme, partial computations which take into account gangs’ degree of parallelism, might lower the average response time of gang jobs, resulting in an acceptable level of the average results precision of the critical jobs. Additionally, it is observed that as the deviation from the average partial computation increases, the performance improvement due to partial computations increases with the aforementioned tradeoff remaining significant.

Challenges and Coping Strategies of Widows in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State

Widowhood is embedded with a lot of challenges for women which requires strategies to cope with it. This study investigated the challenges and coping strategies of widows in the Ilorin metropolis. The population for this study consisted of selected widows in Ilorin, Kwara state. The sample consisted of fifty widows randomly selected. The instrument that was used for this study is a researcher-designed questionnaire tagged “Widow Practices Questionnaire (WPQ). In testing the hypotheses, t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistics were used to test the hypotheses generated for the study at a 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the widows experience challenges such as endures psychosocial problems after their partner’s demise, endures problems of poor governmental support, experience negative pressure from the family of the demise among others. The coping strategies employed by widows are; widows never depend on the family’s provision to survive since their partner’s demise, embrace grants from religious bodies and government for survival, and cope with gifts and luxuries provided by non-governmental groups for survival among others. Also, there were significant differences in the challenges experienced and coping strategies employed by widows in the Ilorin metropolis based on age and job type; while there were no significant differences in the challenges experienced and coping strategies employed by widows based level of education. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that widows should be encouraged and supported by the government and religious bodies. Government and relevant stakeholders should endeavor to create measures and legislation that help protect the widows and preserve their rights as well as access to several benefits and the widows should be encouraged to meet counselors to disclose their problems, so that their challenges can be expertly addressed.

Post-pandemic transit commute: Lessons from focus group discussions on the experience of essential workers during COVID-19

Public transit services, which provide a critical lifeline for many essential workers, were severely interrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. As institutions gradually return to normal in-person operations, it is critical to understand how the pandemic affected essential workers' commute and what it will take to ensure the effective recovery of transit ridership and enhance the long-term resiliency and equity of public transportation systems for those who need it the most. This study used focus group discussions with essential workers who were pre-pandemic transit riders to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted their commute perceptions, experiences, motives, and challenges and explore the potential changes in their travel behavior post-pandemic. We used NVivo 12 Pro to conduct a thematic analysis of the transcripted discussion data and examined patterns of commute mode change with respect to participants' attributes, including job type, home location, and gender. The results show that public transit had multiple reliability and frequency challenges during the pandemic, which resulted in most participants switching away from public transportation. With the increased availability of hybrid remote work and pandemic-related parking policies, driving emerged as a safer and more affordable commute mode for many pre-pandemic transit riders, rendering transit services less efficient for those who continued to rely on it. Planning for post-COVID resilient and reliable mobility requires a major rethinking of providing an efficient and effective transport system and a more fundamental approach to long-term public transport policy. To recover transit ridership, transit agencies need to ensure transit service availability and provide reliable transit information through smartphone apps. Similarly, transit agencies need to coordinate with other employers to provide free or heavily subsidized transit passes, to facilitate the recovery of transit demand effectively.

Leadership at work and risk of treatment for depressive and anxiety disorders in Denmark. A nationwide prospective study with register-based follow up

Positive leadership behaviours at work are associated with worker well-being and performance. However there is less knowledge about whether exposure to low levels of positive leadership behaviours increase workers’ risk of clinical mental disorders. We investigated whether low levels of positive leadership behaviours are prospectively associated with risk of treatment for depressive and anxiety disorders. In a cohort study, we linked survey data from 59,743 respondents from the Work Environment and Health in Denmark survey with national health register data. Leadership behaviours were measured with an eight-item scale. Treatment was defined as redeemed prescription for antidepressants or anxiolytics or hospital treatment for depression or anxiety. Using Cox proportional hazard regression, adjusting for demographic variables, job type and sector, adverse life events and childhood adversities, we estimated the association between leadership behaviours at baseline and risk of treatment during follow-up. We identified 999 cases of depression and anxiety treatment during follow-up. Compared to high levels of leadership behaviours, exposure to medium low and low levels were associated with an increased risk of treatment after adjustment for covariates. The results suggest that low levels of positive leadership behaviours are associated with an increased risk of treatment for depressive or anxiety disorders.

Effects of long-term X-ray exposure on CBC among radiological department staff in Sulaimani city

ObjectivesIonizing rays used in radiology devices are believed to affect the body tissues of radiology department employees. This study was aimed at comparing the effects of long-term exposure to X-rays on the blood cells of staff working in the radiology departments of several hospitals in the Sulaimani City/Kurdistan region government. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 on 250 employees—including radiologists, radiographers, and other medical staff such as physicians or nurses—in the radiology departments of hospitals in the city of Sulaimani, Kurdistan region government. Data were collected with a questionnaire completed by the participants after verbal consent was provided. Blood samples were collected from 250 radiology staff and sent to a laboratory for measurement of blood parameters. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS version 26 software, and relationships in the data were investigated with descriptive statistical tests, Student's t test, and ANOVA. ResultsMost male participants were radiographers with a diploma degree. A statistically significant difference in RBC, HCT %, MCV, and PCT blood parameters was observed between sexes. Moreover, statistically significant differences were observed in RDW-CV and RDW-SD between occupational groups; in mean WBC and lymphocytes among staff who were current, never, or former smokers; and in mean WBC among employees who were current, never, or former drinkers (p < 0.01). ConclusionBlood parameters such as RDW-CV and RDW-SD were concluded to be affected by job type and X-ray exposure duration.

Analisis Ekonomi Pekerja Migran Indonesia dalam Memilih Jenis Pekerjaan pada BP3MI Provinsi Jawa Barat

This article presents the results of economic research on Indonesian migrant workers in choosing the type of work. Primary data were obtained through a survey of prospective migrant workers managed by the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Agency of West Java Province. The data explored represent the economic, social, demographic, and institutional aspects of migration, with mixed data properties, namely nominal, ordinal and multinomial. The qualitative limited dependent variable (QLDV) econometric method was used to estimate the multinomial logit equation. The results of the marginal effects estimation found that education level, wage level in the destination country, lack of job opportunities in the place of residence, experience working as a migrant worker, domestic wages, and the existence of income from household members other than husband and wife explained the decision to choose the type of job to work. The probability of choosing the operator/factory occupation is 0.3954, which is greater than other occupations. With a high school education level and an overseas wage of IDR 15.26 million per month.

Nuances of Sales–Service Ambidexterity across Varied Sales Job Types

AbstractAn ambidextrous approach to selling, in which salespeople are concurrently responsible for both selling to and servicing the customer, has become the norm in today's selling organizations. To date, the literature points to a ‘the more, the better’ mentality when it comes to the servicing part of sales–service ambidexterity. However, little is known about the value of servicing across sales jobs with varying demands for selling effort. To address this gap, the authors first propose a more generalizable sales job typology that is based on the amount of effort salespeople are required to invest in selling, that is, sales provision effort (SPe). Second, in two subsequent studies, they show that the value of servicing depends on the type of sales job performed. Interestingly, servicing is less valued among customers in sales encounters with low levels of SPe, while salespeople in such jobs find high demands for servicing to be a welcoming challenge. For managers, this implies the need to find a balance between challenging their salespeople and ensuring effective direction of sales resources towards improvement of customer satisfaction and loyalty.