Erectile Dysfunction In Type Research Articles

Evaluating the Impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Erectile Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetes: A Focus on Reducing Glucose Variability and Inflammation.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) severely impairs metabolic control and can lead to erectile dysfunction (ED) through hyperglycemia-induced vascular damage, autonomic neuropathy, and psychological distress. This review examines the role of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in ameliorating ED by addressing glucose variability and inflammation. A comprehensive analysis of studies and clinical trials was conducted to evaluate the impact of CGM on metabolic control, inflammatory responses, and vascular health in patients with T1D. Evidence suggests that CGM systems significantly stabilize blood glucose levels and reduce hyper- and hypoglycemic episodes that contribute to endothelial dysfunction and ED. CGM's real-time feedback helps patients optimize metabolic control, improve vascular health, and reduce inflammation. CGM has the potential to redefine ED management in patients with T1D by improving glycemic control and reducing the physiological stressors that cause ED, potentially improving quality of life and sexual health. Further research is warranted to explore the specific benefits of CGM for ED management.

Autophagy in erectile dysfunction: focusing on apoptosis and fibrosis.

In most types of erectile dysfunction, particularly in advanced stages, typical pathological features observed are reduced parenchymal cells coupled with increased tissue fibrosis. However, the current treatment methods have shown limited success in reversing these pathologic changes. Recent research has revealed that changes in autophagy levels, along with alterations in apoptosis and fibrosis-related proteins, are linked to the progression of erectile dysfunction, suggesting a significant association. Autophagy, known to significantly affect cell fate and tissue fibrosis, is currently being explored as a potential treatment modality for erectile dysfunction. However, these present studies are still in their nascent stage, and there are limited experimental data available. This review analyzes erectile dysfunction from a pathological perspective. It provides an in-depth overview of how autophagy is involved in the apoptotic processes of smooth muscle and endothelial cells and its role in the fibrotic processes occurring in the cavernosum. This study aimed to develop a theoretical framework for the potential effectiveness of autophagy in preventing and treating erectile dysfunction, thus encouraging further investigation among researchers in this area.

Extracellular vesicles from human urine-derived stem cells merged in hyaluronic acid ameliorate erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats by glans administration.

The high prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a challenging clinical problem. Researches on extracellular vesicles from urine-derived stem cells (USC-EVs) have shown that they have significant therapeutic effects in a variety of diseases by injection including ED. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is especially useful for delivering bioactive molecules. This study investigated the effects and related mechanisms of local administration of human USC-EVs combined with HA (USC-EVs-HA) on a rat model of DM2ED. UCSs were extracted from human urine samples and identified for preparation of the corresponding USC-EVs. The effects of high glucose and USC-EVs on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were assessed in vitro using a CCK-8 assay to determine cell proliferation and pick the most appropriate concentration for subsequent experiments. Scratch and tube formation assays were performed to assess the function of HUVECs. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the expression of genes such as B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), and superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2). HA, USC-EVs, and USC-EVs-HA were prepared at concentrations and then administered topically to DM2ED rats multiple times. Intracavernous pressure and mean arterial pressure were measured to assess erectile function in rats. Masson, Tunel, Immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis were performed to assess the fibrosis and endothelial function in corpus cavernosum, respectively. Compared with the control group, the proliferation, migration ability, and tube-forming ability of HUVECs decreased in high glucose environment, while USC-EVs could optimize the function of HUVECs, reverse the expression of apoptotic genes, and enhance the antioxidant capacity. USC-EVs-HA showed improvement in ED compared to the HA and USC-EVs groups, and the 10-dose group was better than the 5-dose group. Histologically, the USC-EVs-HA group significantly improved apoptosis, angiogenesis, and smooth muscle regeneration in the corpus cavernosum compared to the HA group. The topical application of USC-EVs-HA in the treatment of DM2ED rats has been proved effective. The potential mechanism might to promote the proliferation of endothelial cells and smooth muscle in the corpus cavernosum, which leads to the remodeling of erectile function. And multiple dosing at intervals may make the effect more pronounced.

Prevalence of erectile dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its predictors among diabetic men.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality globally. It has also been associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) adding to poor quality of life. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of ED and its predictors among diabetic men. A hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care centre including 357 diabetic men recruited over one and half years. ED was identified using International Index of Erectile Function score and independent predictors were identified using multiple logistic regression analysis. ED was found in 212 (59.38%) diabetic males. A strong negative correlation was found between potency score and age (r = -0.647), and a moderate negative correlation with duration of DM (r = -0.324), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure. BMI, fasting blood sugar, serum cholesterol, and serum creatinine showed a weak negative correlation with potency score. Serum testosterone level showed a strong positive correlation with potency score. Age, SBP, duration of diabetes, fasting blood sugar, and serum-free testosterone (P < 0.05) were independent predictors of ED. Prevalence of ED is high in diabetic males. Better blood sugar control and blood pressure control could reduce sexual dysfunction in diabetic men and improve quality of life.

MP38-08 HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS AMELIORATE ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN TYPE I AND TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS RATS THROUGH THE ATTENUATION OF FERROPTOSIS BY SLC7A11/GPX4/ACSL4 PATHWAY

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022MP38-08 HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS AMELIORATE ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN TYPE I AND TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS RATS THROUGH THE ATTENUATION OF FERROPTOSIS BY SLC7A11/GPX4/ACSL4 PATHWAY Huan Feng, Tao Wang, and Jihong Liu Huan FengHuan Feng More articles by this author , Tao WangTao Wang More articles by this author , and Jihong LiuJihong Liu More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002592.08AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Diabetic Erectile Dysfunction (DMED) is a common complication of diabetes, which seriously impairs the life of male patients of all ages. Diabetes could destroy various cells in the corpus cavernosum, such as nerve cells, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hUCMSCs) are cells with multipotential differentiation potential.The present study aims to investigate the therapeutic role and mechanism of hUCMSCs on type I and type II diabetes mellitus rats. METHODS: Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin for 3 days to induce type 1 diabetes. Another 50 male ZDF rats were fed with Purina 5008 to induce type 2 DMED. After 8 weeks, type 1 and type 2 DMED rats were separately selected by the apomorphine (APO) test. Both of types DMED rats were divided into normal control group (NC), diabetic group (DM), cavernous injection (1×106) group (CI), tail vein injection (1×106) group (VI). Stem cells were labeled with Edu prior to injection for subsequent observation. Primary corpus cavernous smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) from healthy rats were cultured and treated with berberine. Mitochondria in ccSMCs were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: None of rats received stem cell injection had obvious adverse reactions. Injection of hUCMSCs improved erectile function, reduced levels of NADPH oxidases, ROS production and tissue iron content. Among the type 1 DMED rats, the results showed that mICP/MAP of DM (0.232±0.082 mmHg) was significantly lower than NC (0.793±0.153 mmHg), CI (0.333±0.104 mmHg) and VI (0.384±0.095 mmHg) were improved compared with DM, and similar phenomenon also showed among the type 2 DMED rats. Besides, co-cultured CCSMCs with hUCMSCs exhibited a lower level of ferroptosis by SLC7A11/GPX4/ACSL4 pathway with high glucose (HG) treatment. TEM showed that the mitochondria shrunk, the cristae of mitochondria were destroyed, and exhibited high electron density in CCSMCs treated with HG, and these effects could be obviously reversed by hUCMSCs. CONCLUSIONS: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can safely and effectively ameliorate erectile dysfunction in both type I and type II diabetes mellitus rats, and attenuate ferroptosis of CCSMCs through SLC7A11/GPX4/ACSL4 pathway. It provides preclinical evidence for application of hUCMSCs to DMED treatment and potential molecular mechanism of it. Source of Funding: None © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e621 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Huan Feng More articles by this author Tao Wang More articles by this author Jihong Liu More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

TCTAP A-077 Using the Progression of Adapted Diabetes Complications Severity Index to Predict Erectile Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients - The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown

TCTAP A-077 Using the Progression of Adapted Diabetes Complications Severity Index to Predict Erectile Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients - The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown

Compensated hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (n=120)

Compensated hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (n=120)

Results of ultrasound dopplerography of the penis in patients with before and after transurethral enucleation of benign prostatic hyperplasia

BACKGROUND: The development of modern technologies for the surgical treatment of urological diseases poses new questions for urologists. One of them is to evaluate the effect of transurethral enucleation of benign prostatic hyperplasia on the erectile function of patients.&#x0D; AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the state of erectile function in patients before and after transurethral enucleation of benign prostatic hyperplasia using Doppler ultrasound of the vessels of the penis.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 102 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia aged 50 to 80 years (average 65 years) with complaints of erectile dysfunction and urinary disorders. All patients underwent transurethral enucleation of benign prostatic hyperplasia: 55 patients with the laser method (HoLEP, group 1) and 47 patients with the bipolar method (TUEB, group 2). The severity of ED was assessed using the IIEF-5 questionnaire (International Index of Erectile Function). To assess the state of blood flow in the penis, ultrasound dopplerography of the vessels of the penis was performed using a vasoactive erection stimulator. The studies were carried out before surgery and 24 weeks after it.&#x0D; RESULTS: The results of ultrasound dopplerography of the vessels of the penis before surgery revealed the arteriogenic type of ED in 18 (17.6%) patients, the venous type in 45 (44.2%) patients, the mixed arteriovenogenic type in 22 (21.6%) patients. In 17 (16.7%) patients ED was regarded as psychogenic. 24 weeks after the operation in patients of both the 1st and 2nd groups, according to the data of the IIEF-5 questionnaire, positive dynamics of the severity of erectile function was noted, regardless of the type of ED. For patients with vasculogenic types of ED, similar trends were noted regardless of the type of surgery. Thus, in patients with arteriogenic and arteriovenogenic ED a significant increase in the maximum systolic blood flow velocity (Vmax) in the cavernous arteries was recorded, while the values of the resistance index (RI) did not change significantly. At the same time, the Vmax values in these patients were initially low before the operation, and after the operation did not reach the reference values. In patients with venogenic ED, there was no significant improvement in penile blood flow, as evidenced by the absence of significant differences in Vmax and RI values. At the same time, the RI in these patients before the operation was reduced, and the Vmax values were in the range of normal values.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: The erectile function of patients after transurethral enucleation of benign prostatic hyperplasia improves regardless of the type of operation and the type of erectile dysfunction. Ultrasound dopplerography of the vessels of the penis is a minimally invasive and highly informative diagnostic method that makes it possible to detect circulatory disorders in the penis and assess its state in dynamics during treatment.

Лікування еректильної дисфункції в чоловіків, хворих на цукровий діабет 2-го типу

Актуальність. Одним із найчастіших ускладнень цукрового діабету в чоловіків є еректильна дисфункція. Інгібітори фосфодіестерази 5-го типу (ІФДЕ-5) — силденафіл, варденафіл і тадалафіл — препарати вибору для лікування еректильної дисфункції. Мета роботи — дослідження ефективності та безпеки лікування еректильної дисфункції інгібіторами фосфодіестерази 5-го типу в чоловіків, хворих на цукровий діабет 2-го типу. Матеріал і методи дослідження. Обстежено 89 чоловіків віком 39–69 років, хворих на цукровий діабет 2-го типу, з еректильною дисфункцією, тривалість діабету 1–12 років. Обстежені були в стані компенсації цукрового діабету, середній рівень глікованого гемоглобіну в них становив 7,3 ± 1,1 %. Результати. Застосування силденафілу в дозі 100 мг за необхідності перед статевим актом протягом 12 тижнів призвело до вірогідного зростання показника домену «еректильна функція» на 10,54 бала. Силденафіл був ефективним у 76,2 % пацієнтів. Приріст показника еректильної функції в динаміці лікування тадалафілом становив 9,81 бала. Ефективність застосування тадалафілу склала 73,1 %. Застосування варденафілу призвело до вірогідного поліпшення показника «еректильна функція» в серед­ньому до 25,22 ± 1,80 бала. Ефективність застосування варденафілу в наших пацієнтів становила 76,2 %. ­Висновки. Проведене дослідження підтвердило високу ефективність трьох ІФДЕ-5 як препаратів першої лінії в лікуванні еректильної дисфункції в чоловіків із цукровим діабетом. Усі три препарати використовувалися в максимальних дозах, оскільки менші дози не завжди є досить ефективними. Усім пацієнтам зі зниженими рівнями загального тестостерону в крові необхідно призначати замісну терапію препаратами тестостерону до досягнення рівнів гормону в межах нормальних коливань. Необхідні подальші дослі­дження ефектів ІФДЕ-5 у чоловіків із цукровим діабетом 2-го типу для підвищення ефективності цих препаратів.

Identification of miRNA Signature Associated With Erectile Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination.

Diabetic mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), which seriously affects the self-esteem and quality of life of diabetics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs whose expression levels can affect multiple cellular processes. Many pieces of studies have demonstrated that miRNA plays a role in the occurrence and development of DMED. However, the exact mechanism of this process is unclear. Hence, we apply miRNA sequencing from blood samples of 10 DMED patients and 10 DM controls to study the mechanisms of miRNA interactions in DMED patients. Firstly, we found four characteristic miRNAs as signature by the SVM-RFE method (hsa-let-7E-5p, hsa-miR-30 days-5p, hsa-miR-199b-5p, and hsa-miR-342–3p), called DMEDSig-4. Subsequently, we correlated DMEDSig-4 with clinical factors and further verified the ability of these miRNAs to classify samples. Finally, we functionally verified the relationship between DMEDSig-4 and DMED by pathway enrichment analysis of miRNA and its target genes. In brief, our study found four key miRNAs, which may be the key influencing factors of DMED. Meanwhile, the DMEDSig-4 could help in the development of new therapies for DMED.

Erectile dysfunction in hyperuricemia: A prevalence meta-analysis and meta-regression study.

Whether and to what extent an association exists between hyperuricemia and erectile dysfunction (ED) has not yet been fully determined. To define pooled prevalence estimates and correlates of erectile dysfunction in men with hyperuricemic disorders. A thorough search of Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases was performed. Data were combined using random-effects models and the between-study heterogeneity was assessed by Cochrane's Q and I2 tests. A funnel plot was used to assess publication bias. Overall, 8 studies included gave information about 85,406 hyperuricemic men, of whom 5023 complained of erectile dysfunction, resulting in a pooled erectile dysfunction prevalence estimate of 33% (95% Confidence Interval: 13-52%; I²=99.9%). The funnel plot suggested the presence of a publication bias. At the meta-regression analyses, among the available covariates that could affect estimates, only type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction (β=0.08; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.01, 0.15, p=0.025). At the sub-group analysis, the pooled erectile dysfunction prevalence decreased to 4% (95% Confidence Interval: 0%-8%) when only the largest studies with the lowest prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus were included and increased up to 50% (95% Confidence Interval: 17%-84%) when the analysis was restricted to studies enrolling smaller series with higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A not negligible proportion of men with hyperuricemia can complain of erectile dysfunction. While a pathogenetic contribution of circulating uric acid in endothelial dysfunction cannot be ruled out, the evidence of a stronger association between hyperuricemia and erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus points to hyperuricemia as a marker of systemic dysmetabolic disorders adversely affecting erectile function.

Prevalence and Determinant of Erectile Dysfunction in Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Men

Erectile dysfunction is currently a growing health concern and one of the most prevalent sexual dysfunctions in men worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is considered a risk factor for developing ED. Therefore, this SHIM study was designed to assess the prevalence, severity and determinant of erectile dysfunction in type II diabetes mellitus patients and healthy men. This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 132 diabetic male patients and 66 healthy men at the Nkenkaasu hospital, Offinso North, Ghana between January-June, 2019. A pre-structured questionnaire and patients’ medical records were used to document relevant information. Erectile function was assessed using Sexual health inventory for men questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Chi-square test, binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used appropriately. The mean age of study participants was 57.94 ± 9.79 years. The overall mean score on the SHIM test was 12.42 ± 8.15 (range: 1–25), mean of 9.59±7.83 for the type II diabetics and 18.08±5.39 for non-diabetic men. The total erectile dysfunction (ED) prevalence was 81.8% (95% CI: 0.757, 0.869). ED was common in diabetics (70.4%) compared with healthy men (29.6%). Severe ED was 93.7% and 6.3% in the diabetic and non-diabetic men respectively. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that diabetic men with poor health-related quality of life had 3.48 times likelihood of having ED compared to their non-diabetic counterparts (AOR= 3.48, 95% CI; 1.284, 9.453). Very high erectile dysfunction was observed in our study participants. This is worrisome owing to the profound negative impact of ED on the quality of life and fertility of men. It is recommended that periodic assessment of erectile function should form part of routine diabetes care, focusing attention on the modifiable risk factors in preventing, delaying progression, or reversing established ED in persons. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0301-4 Full Text: PDF

The relationship between serum irisin levels and erectile dysfunction in diabetic men (irisin and erectile dysfunction in diabetic patients)

Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine that alleviates endothelial dysfunction and reduces insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We conducted this cross-sectional prospective study to determine the association of serum irisin levels and erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients. We compared 34 diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction with 30 diabetic patients without erectile dysfunction. In our study, serum irisin levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in diabetic patients without erectile dysfunction compared to those with erectile dysfunction (p=.016) and according to correlation analysis, irisin levels had a significantly negative correlation with the serum HbA1C value (r=-.294, p=.018). Based on the results of our study, we think that this molecule can be used in the diagnosis or treatment of erectile dysfunction in diabetic patients, if these findings are supported by larger studies.

High efficacy, rapid onset nanobiolosomes of sildenafil as a topical therapy for erectile dysfunction in aged rats.

Developing topical sildenafil for local treatment of erectile dysfunction has been of great interest in pharmaceutical research. Sildenafil citrate (SC) exhibited a well-documented success for treatment of several types of erectile dysfunction. However, its oral use is limited by serious adverse effects, poor bioavailability, delayed onset, and drug-drug interactions. This work is the first to design and assess sildenafil-loaded bilosomes for topical local treatment of erectile dysfunction. Different sildenafil-loaded bilosomes were prepared and characterized. Permeability of selected formulations was conducted through full-thickness human skin. Optimized bilosomes integrating sodium tauroglycocholate (STGC) showed spherical shape with good particle size (133nm), high zeta potential (-53.6mV) and high entrapment efficiency (87.45%). Ex-vivo permeability study revealed that about 39% of the applied dose permeated within 15min. Furthermore, in-vivo appraisal of therapeutic efficacy was performed using aged male Sprague-Dawley rats. After single application of 2mg/kg sildenafil loaded in STGC-bilosomes, behavioral and biochemical evaluation was carried out. Behavioral assessment recorded an increased rats' potency manifested as 2 folds increase in intromission frequency and intromission ratio compared to untreated group. That was accompanied by significant increase in cGMP concentration in corpora cavernosa (P<0.0001) confirming increased potency. In conclusion, STGC-bilosomes could provide topical treatment of impotence with 20% of the oral dose and fast onset of action (10min).

The Effect of Resistance Training on Serum Levels of Dehydroepiandrosterone, Estradiol and Erectile Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Men

The Effect of Resistance Training on Serum Levels of Dehydroepiandrosterone, Estradiol and Erectile Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Men

Correlates of Erectile Dysfunction in Nigerian Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Experience from a Tertiary Health Center

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that is associated with poor quality of life and can be present in type 2 diabetics at the time of diagnosis. There are common risk factors associated with erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetic subjects. Some of these are potentially treatable or reversible. The risk factors evaluated by this study included glycaemic control, duration of diabetes, obesity, peripheral artery disease (PAD), hypertension and antihypertensive medications use. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross sectional one carried out over a period of six months (June-November, 2016) at the diabetes clinic of the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi and involved 124 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A convenience sampling method was used. A detailed physical examination, blood pressure and anthropometric measurements and vascular assessment with a hand-held doppler ultrasound were carried out. Data was collected using a study proforma. Erectile dysfunction was diagnosed with the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire while anxiety and depression were diagnosed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression questionnaires. Subjects that had anxiety/depression or hypogonadism were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 124 subjects were studied, 48.4% of whom had erectile dysfunction. Glycaemic control was significantly associated with ED among the subjects (OR = 0.198, 95% CI = 0.081 - 0.483, P 0.05). Conclusion: Poor glycaemic control and presence of PAD significantly increase the risk of ED in male subjects with type 2 DM, thus underscoring the need for an early screening and treatment of these predictors of erectile dysfunction.

Effect of multiple drugs in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective To explore the clinical effect of lipoic acid, alprostadil and mecobalamin combined with Mongolian medicine Sarge-ghazidi in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods From January 2015 to January 2017, clinical data of 230 cases of type 2 diabetes with ED in well-kown horqin right middle banner of Inner Mongolia Mongolian medicine and 376 cases of type 2 diabetes with ED in Hebei port group co., LTD in recent years were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 606 patients were divided into observation group and control group, 303 cases in each group, control group received lipoic acid, alprostadil, mecobalamin treatment, observation group received Mongolian medicine sare-gadidi on the basis of control group. Two groups of treatment effect, erectile function, penile erectile hardness and safety were observed and compared. Results The total effective rate in the observation group was higher than in the control group (84.2% vs.64.4%, P<0.05). The IIEF-5 score of the observation group after treatment was (22.5±2.7), higher than that of the control group(17.6±2.2)(P<0.05). After treatment, the EHGS grade in the observation group was (3.2±0.4), higher than (2.5±0.3) in the control group(P<0.05). No serious adverse drug reactions occurred in either group. Conclusions On the basis of comprehensive western medicine treatment, the treatment of type 2 diabetes ED with Mongolian medicine Sarge-ghazidi can achieve more satisfactory therapeutic effect, can effectively improve the erectile function and erectile hardness, and the treatment is safe and reliable. Key words: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erectile Dysfunction

Performance of the International Index of Erectile Function tool in men with epilepsy

BackgroundApproximately 18 million men suffer from some type of erectile dysfunction (ED), which is primarily attributed to age, comorbid health conditions, or medications. Men with epilepsy encounter all of these issues, yet ED literature and research in men with epilepsy is not yet robust. The purpose of this study was to test the utility of a validated ED screening tool in a population of men with epilepsy, as well as to assess additional parameters that may contribute to ED in this specific patient population. The secondary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of noncompliance of epilepsy medication which may be due to a perceived relationship with ED. MethodsThis was a prospective pilot study to validate the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) in men with epilepsy. Enrolled men, between the ages of 18–45 years, were given an anonymous online survey that included the IIEF, as well as additional elements pertinent to their seizures and related treatment, including medication compliance. ResultsA total of 164 men completed the IIEF survey. Of these, 28% of respondents indicated the presence of ED, for which specific treatment might be warranted. The IIEF has 5 subscales; mean scores for each subscale are the following: ED 17.48/30, orgasmic function 6.2/10, sexual desire 6.72/10, intercourse satisfaction 8.98/15, and overall satisfaction 5.18/10. Four additional variables were added to specify the needs of men with epilepsy. ConclusionThe IIEF can be administered to men with epilepsy. The addition of specific targeted questions in this patient population may also provide better understanding and facilitate an open dialog about how male sexual function relates to epilepsy and/or treatment thereof.

Dyslipidaemia as a risk factor for erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

BackgroundDespite epidemiological studies worldwide have documented erectile dysfunction (ED) as a major complication of type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in men, only limited research reported on determinants of ED in this population. The study aimed at examining the association of ED with dyslipidaemia in T2DM patients. MethodsThe study enrolled 813 consecutive eligible adult male T2DM patients attending the endocrinology departments of a tertiary teaching hospital in Bangladesh. Sexual function was assessed using modified International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) in face-to-face interview and collected along with sociodemographic information. Diabetes and lipid profile and treatment history were collected from patient's treatment records. Association of ED with dyslipidaemia was assessed using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders. ResultPrevalence of ED among the T2DM patients was very high (72.7%), of which around half had moderated-to-severe ED. Odds of having dyslipidaemia among T2DM patients with ED is 2.3 times higher than those without. The odds increased by approximately 3 fold for an abnormal High Density Lipoprotein level and by 2.7 fold for abnormal Low Density Lipoprotein. ConclusionDyslipidaemia was associated with increased ED risk among T2DM. Abnormal lipoprotein level particularly were found to pose greater risk.

Prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetic men: a population-based cross-sectional study in Chinese men.

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction (ED) in a sample of Chinese type 2 diabetic men. Between October 2016 and April 2017, male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in our diabetes outpatient clinic were recruited in this study. The participants were asked to complete a short version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), which was a validated and self-administered questionnaire for the diagnosis and grading of ED severity. All patients screened for erectile function also underwent detailed physical examination, and interviewed for demographic and medical history. A total of 550 men were recruited in this study, of whom 20 patients were excluded and 35 did not complete all scheduled study procedures, leaving 495 patients in the final analysis. As determined by IIEF-5 score, 318 (64.2%) patients had ED. Among the 318 patients with ED, mild, mild-to-moderate, moderate, and severe were 37 (11.6%), 65 (20.4%), 95 (29.9%), and 121 (38.1%), respectively. The prevalence of ED in patients with high education, secondary education, and less than secondary education were 83.3%, 60.2%, and 35.4%, respectively (P < 0.0001). The prevalence of ED was 64.2% in Chinese type 2 diabetic men. Increased age, longer duration of diabetes mellitus, and worse glycemic control may promote the progression of ED among Chinese type 2 diabetic men. We also found that the higher education levels may increase the risk of ED in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus.