Types Of Equipment Research Articles

A comparative study on specialized services in pre-hospital emergencies in Iran and selected countries

The quality of emergency services is one of the indicators describing the health status of countries. Moreover, the specialization of services and targeted response to any accident or disease has been the priority of pre-hospital emergency operations in some leading countries. This study aimed to compare the special services provided in the emergency department of several selected countries. This was a comparative study that was done in Isfahan in 2022. Data were collected by reviewing the literature provided by libraries and emergency websites of selected countries. We selected countries based on the accessibility of information in two groups of developed countries and countries with the same income and population as Iran including Germany, France, The United States, Australia, Britain, Malaysia, and Turkey. Data were classified and compared based on staff, vehicles, and specialized services. Emergency staffs in most countries were of different skill and training levels. Ambulances varied in equipment types in various land, air, and sea forms and dimensions. Developed countries had more modern ambulances and equipment. France and Germany were operating more especially. Specialized teams are dispatched only in the United States and Germany. Existing studies have shown the adequacy and effectiveness of these teams in reducing complications and mortality and improving the prognosis of patients. The use of specialized teams appropriate to each emergency based on the specific and targeted response is effective in improving the prognosis of patients. The results of this study are suggested to beneficiaries to improve the quality of emergency care and reduce complications and potential causalities.

Collaborative Scheduling of Port Integrated Energy and Container Logistics Considering Electric and Hydrogen-Powered Transport

To improve energy efficiency and reduce pollution emissions of ports with electricity and hydrogen substitution, this paper proposes a collaborative scheduling method of port integrated energy and container logistics considering electric and hydrogen-powered transport. By analyzing the coupling relationship between energy production and consumption in a port that deploys electric and hydrogen-powered transport, the scheduling optimization models of the port integrated energy system (PIES) and the port container logistic system (PCLS) are collaboratively established and rendered as a mixed-integer bi-level programming model. Moreover, to simplify the complexity of PCLS scheduling which involves the allocation and operation of each type of container logistics equipment, an assembly line of port container logistics (ALPCL) model based on flexible job-shop scheduling (FJSS) is further constructed. Then, a distributed algorithm based on the Benders decomposition (BD) embedded with an improved non-dominated sorting genetic (INSGA-II) is designed to realize optimal dispatch with limited data exchange and great solution efficiency. The results of case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for economic and environmental benefits, including a reduction in scheduling costs and pollution emissions. This method can also achieve co-improvement of energy and logistics efficiency

Effects of hydrogen on PAH and soot formation in laminar diffusion flames of RP-3 jet kerosene and its surrogate

PAH and soot are harmful substances that can be produced in any type of combustion equipment including aircraft engines. The co-combustion of hydrogen and jet fuel has been applied in aero-engine combustors and large-scale hydrogen addition is a promising solution for reducing the consumption of fossil fuels in the aviation industry. However, it remains unclear how H2 influences the soot and PAH formation characteristics of jet kerosene. In this study, to investigate the impact of H2 on soot and PAH formation, planar laser-induced incandescence (PLII), planar laser-induced fluorescence of PAH (PAH-PLIF) and chemical kinetic simulation were conducted for the laminar diffusion flames of RP-3 jet kerosene and its surrogate S1 with different H2 doping rates. It is found that the introduction of H2 leads to the increased soot formation. However, the promotion effect of H2 on the PAH formation weakens as the number of PAH rings increases, and the formation of A4 is significantly inhibited. But the rapidly increase of benzene and alkynes in the H2-doped kerosene flame may ultimately lead to the promotion of soot formation. Furthermore, the changes in direct synthesis reactions and PAH=>PAH- jointly affect the converse changes in A1 and A4 formation. These findings will contribute to the development of the soot model and soot/PAH-reduction strategy for the co-combustion of jet fuels and hydrogen.

SIMPLE PRESS TOOL DESIGN AS A SUPPORTING TOOL FOR FORMING PLATES WITH A THICKNESS OF 3 MM

The press tool is one of the combined Jig and Fixture tools that can be used to form and cut metal by means of emphasis. The working process of this tool is based on the compressive force passed on by Punch to cut or shape the workpiece according to the desired geometric and size. This research aims to design a cutting machine for sheet metal forming processes that are able to improve the production process in industry. In this study, the author designed the components of a progressive type presstool machine in the process of making clamps with a thickness of 3mm with software inventor design media. Includes components shanks (St.60), top plate (St.60), bearing locator (St.40), bottom plate (St.60), punch (SKD-11), dies (SKD-11), pillar shaft (St.40), spring (St.40). Analysis of calculations carried out in this study produces a cross-sectional area of the shear field (132mm2), shear voltage (32 kg/mm2), Formation style (4,224kg), presstool engine power (1267.2 watts/168.9688 HP). Press tools are designed to make clamps made of steel plates with a thickness of 3 mm. From the design results obtained the dimensions of the tool as follows the length of 450 x 400 x 542 mm. The results of press tool type of precision equipment used to form or cut workpiece materials according to needs and to increase production in industry

A Study on Evaluation Method for Beam Profile of Phased Array by Using Two-Dimensional Measurement Equipment

Recently, “Both-Side Retrodirective System” was proposed, as a beam convergence technique, for microwave high power transmission. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the both-side retrodirective system by experiment, the authors propose a 2-dimensional measurement equipment. Propagation in the parallel plate waveguide was analogized based on free-space propagation, and the theory and characteristics were clarified by simulation. The electric field distribution in the waveguide was measured by electric probe with the proposed equipment. Two types of measurement equipment were developed. One is a 4-element experiment system, which is a small-scale device for principle verification. The other is a 16-element measurement equipment, which is intended to evaluate beam convergence of a both-side retrodirective system in the next step. The measured results were compared with simulation results. As a result, it was confirmed that the beam formed in the waveguide was successfully measured. Thus, the effectiveness of 2-dimensional measurement equipment for evaluation of beam convergence was shown.

Research on Vibration Damping Analysis of UHV Suspended Converter Valve Model

The UHV (ultra high voltage) suspended converter valve is hinged to the top of the valve hall, so the equipment has a long structural period, the suspended converter valve is displaced under the action of earthquakes, and the valve tower is susceptible to damage due to interaction with the important equipment connected to it. The high cost, large size, and weight of the real type of UHV suspended converter valve make it difficult to carry out shaking table test studies of the real type of equipment. In this paper, a numerical model of a UHV-suspended converter valve scaling device and its damping structure model are established, and a damping analysis study with damping at the top of the converter valve model is carried out. The analysis showed that the maximum displacement of the converter tower was 136.3 mm under the action of a 0.4 g El-Centro earthquake. With horizontal damping at the top, the maximum displacement of the converter tower is 62.9 mm, a reduction of 53.9% compared to the undamped case. This study proposes a vibration damping design for UHV suspended converter valve, laying the foundation for subsequent shaker test studies of the scaled-down model vibration damping structure of the UHV suspended converter valve and the productization of vibration dampers for the equipment.

Innovative research on the application of TIRZ theory to multi-mode UAVs

According to the current development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), it can be known that there are no cases where underwater drones and aerial drones are used in parallel. They are all affected by air and water resistance and are easily disturbed in various environments, making it difficult to move effectively. This research uses TRIZ theory to create a multi-modal unmanned vehicle to innovate and improve the existing situation. The type of equipment produced through this research can effectively move in the air, land, and water. The scope includes TRIZ theory, bionic technology, multi-modal innovative design, research, and application of UAV innovation, and monitoring the improvement of its operational resistance through fluid analysis. The output of this research will effectively promote the development of Multi-mode UAVs and improve the problems of existing UAVs.

Design and Simulation of Robot Gripper and Conveyor System for Workstations

Abstract: Intelligent manufacturing is going to boom in the upcoming years. The characteristic features of Industry 4.0 are fully automated production facilities where all processes are controlled in real-time and take into account the changing external conditions. The core of the Industry 4.0 is made up of digitalization and robotics, in particular, the use of collaborative robots and MES. MES (Manufacturing Execution System) is a specialized system designed to solve the problems of synchronization, coordination, analysis, and optimization of production. It involves the use of conveyor belts for rapid transportation of products. Industries where conveyor belt systems are excelling include automotive, computer, good, packaging, print finishing, bottling and canning, chemical, pharmaceutical, aerospace and food processing The safety conditions in fundamental industrial jobs are dangerous and harmful combined with ineffective manual work as a result of rising need for mass manufacturing. In industries, automation is the use of technology to jobs that were previously handled by humans. It is a potent instrument that can aid companies in enhancing quality, production, and efficiency. A typical type of mechanical handling equipment that transports things from one place to another is a conveyor system. These systems consist of conveyor belts that are designed to work seamlessly with robotic arms and other automated equipment. Increased automation and mass production rate reduces the lead time and increases the profit of a firm. The deployed robotic arms are immensely capable of handling various tasks with increased flexibility. Using a robotic arm with an end effector as a gripper to hold/pick and place the material from the conveyor belt improves the product flow process. The project comes with the NodeMCU firmware and an integrated Wi-Fi chip, the ESP8266 12E. To connect with the controller via a mobile phone, a web page would be constructed using HTML and coded using the Arduino IDE's C language. At either end of the conveyor belt, 2 robotic arms with 2 degrees of freedom (D.O.F.) would be placed. Using one arm to place the product on the belt and a second to pick it up at the other end. Also calculating the analytical data of the system that is involved in reallife industrial processes along with the simulation of entire system for the UR10 industrial robot, using the RoboDK simulation software. Through the usage of this system, productivity is boosted with improved safety of the working environment, become more effective, be more flexible, and have higher levels of job satisfaction

Analisis Perlengkapan Peralatan Kantor Bagian Akuntansi pada PT Pertamina

The aim of this research is to determine the office equipment at PT Pertamina Kota Central Jakarta which includes the various equipment used and the condition of the equipment. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, namely by describing and analyzing the problems found. The subjects of this research are four employees of PT Pertamina Kota Central Jakarta in the accounting, general and service departments. Qualitative research is based on primary data and secondary data. Primary data in this research was obtained by conducting observations, interviews and documentation, while secondary data was obtained through books, previous research and articles related to research. From the results of this research, it can be seen that the PT Pertamina City Central Jakarta office has equipped various types of equipment ranging from computers, printers, photocopy machines, telephones, and small equipment such as hvs paper, pens. With all the machine equipment, there are only a few pieces of equipment that are damaged, such as computers and printers, this can have an impact on employee performance. Apart from that, complete office equipment also really supports employee comfort in working, not only employees but also every guest or member of the public who visits will feel comfortable too.

A Novel Fully Automatic Concept to Produce First Subset of Bowden Cables, Improving Productivity, Flexibility, and Safety

With a view to maintaining the competitiveness required by the market, the automotive industry strongly encourages its suppliers to develop new production methods and technologies capable of reducing the costs of produced products, ensuring the necessary quality, and increasing flexibility, with a view to responding more easily to the customization of the products that the market increasingly demands. The main goal of this work was to increase the flexibility and productivity of equipment capable of producing the first subset that constitutes the product commonly known as the Bowden cable. To this end, the design science research methodology was used, which was understood as the most effective in describing scientific work related to the improvement of existing systems. Bowden cables are cables that activate various devices in the car, such as opening doors, moving window glasses, and adjusting some car seats, among others. The work consisted of integrating several operations usually carried out for the manufacture of the referred subset, reducing logistics operations and manual work, increasing operator safety, and increasing the production rate and flexibility of the equipment, by reducing the setup time. For this purpose, new mechanical concepts were developed, and automation was applied, which resulted in a completely new concept, able to fulfill all the objectives initially set. It should be noted here that the new equipment allowed a production rate of 1140 p/h, when the initial objective was 1100 p/h; it requires an investment of only around EUR 55,000 (easy return on investment), occupies only 11.6 m2, and has reinforced safety systems to avoid workers’ injuries, an aspect that is very important in this type of equipment, where operators deal with cutting systems and high temperatures. The dissemination of this concept could help other researchers to easily find solutions to certain problems that they face in the development of modern equipment. The main contributions of this paper are the novel concepts created to overcome some process difficulties, which can be used for a wide range of other processing situations with similar difficulties. The solutions proposed allow a decrease in the cycle time, present high flexibility, save workshop space, and are affordable in terms of global cost.

Uncertainty Assessment in Temperature Uniformity Survey of Thermal Processing Equipment According to AMS2750 Aerospace Specification

Thermal processing equipment used in the aerospace industry must meet the requirements of the processes for which they are intended. The periodic tests performed by calibration laboratories, according to the AMS2750 specification, are intended to ensure compliance with these equipment requirements. While this specification does not explicitly state the need for uncertainty calculation, it does specify that pyrometry laboratories must have an ISO/IEC 17025 Quality System accredited by a recognized regional body which is a member of the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC). Therefore, the calculation of uncertainties is necessary. This work presents a methodology for conducting temperature uniformity surveys and uncertainty assessment in these tests. This methodology has been applied to four different types of equipment to analyse, in each case, the contributions of uncertainties and to assess their potential for improvement. The objectives that laboratories should aim for include improving measurement accuracy and reducing uncertainty components in order to meet the criteria of both AMS2750 and ISO/IEC 17025.

Modeling framework for batch‐dependent dynamics of reaction process by combining first principles and machine learning

AbstractWe propose a modeling framework for automating batch processes operation. Batch processes are often controlled by PID controllers, where engineers manually regulate their parameters and temporal patterns of reference signals. Therefore, it takes a long time for optimizing these parameters and temporal patterns. A possible solution for this is to apply so‐called Model Predictive Control (MPC) technology to the tuning. Here, batch process dynamics depend on the types of products and of equipment, thereby forcing engineers to construct and maintain multiple models that correspond to the number of combinations of product types and equipment types. Thus, batch process modeling is a time‐consuming and complicated task. To solve this problem, we propose a modeling framework; about a modeling target, the part applying commonly and parameters can be decided in advance are constructed by mathematical models, and the part that required experimentation for designing or tuning are constructed by machine learning models. We expect this framework can improve estimation accuracy and suppressing the number of model construction by separating model construction and combining the mathematical and machine learning models. In our simulation, we confirmed that our proposed model can suppress prediction error (RMSE) of reactor temperature under 1 K. Furthermore, an optimization algorithm with our model can find a temporal pattern of a reference signal so as to reduce control error of reactor temperature under 1.99 K.

Why Pakistan Forges Ahead and India Lags Behind? Analysis of Sports Equipment Exports in Global Context

Focusing on India and Pakistan, this article examines their relative performance in sports equipment exports during the 2003–2020 periods. Utilizing secondary trade data available from UN Comtrade, it analyses their performance in sports equipment exports (HS-92) at the six-digit level, mainly to ascertain disparities in export performance at commodity level. Besides drawing inferences about global sports equipment exports (since 1990), it examines sports equipment export performance by tracing the pattern of export composition, export concentration and export growth, along with inferring the incidence of export instability, comparative advantage and trade balance. Indices like Herfindahl–Hirschman index (and its standardized version), Hall–Tideman index, entropy concentration index, Cappock instability index, Cuddy-Della Valle index, Balassa’s measure of comparative advantage and trade balance index are estimated to draw inferences. An analytical exercise indicates that India’s global share has not only declined over time, but it has also been lagging in exporting various types of sports equipment—its comparative advantage has waned over time, whereas such is not the case with Pakistan, which has recorded relatively better performance. A comparative perspective on the nature of the policy framework in both nations is drawn. Moreover, the article examines commodity-wise global dominance of India and Pakistan (in comparison with China) to trace commodities for which these countries have been gaining significance in global markets. Finally, the article urges the Indian State to devote serious attention to strengthening sports goods manufacturing in India, as India is currently facing a trade deficit in the global trade of sports equipment.

Determinants that Influence Students Knowledge about Introduction to Midwifery Laboratory Equipment

The background to this research is that knowledge regarding laboratory equipment has not yet become an important part of the practicum teaching and learning process. The introduction of tools is usually accompanied by the implementation of laboratory practice so that it will influence students' knowledge of the names, functions, and how to operate the tools. The aim of this research is to analyze the determinants that influence students' knowledge regarding the introduction of laboratory equipment. The research method used is qualitative research. Data was collected using a questionnaire with a cross-sectional approach. The research results showed that the variable of current midwifery education level and the variable of obtaining information from reading sources were significantly related to midwifery students' knowledge. The conclusion obtained is that the level of midwifery education greatly influences students' knowledge because the process of introducing midwifery laboratory equipment is getting better with more and more diverse types of equipment being introduced. Apart from that, reading sources needs to be completely available and easily accessible. So in the future, the introduction of midwifery laboratory equipment must start from the first semester and include the introduction of all laboratory equipment

Possibility Assessment of Automatic Formation of Technological Processes in Small Batch Production

The work is devoted to urgent problem solution of lack of convenient tools with functional capabilities of the system of route technological process automated design, adapted to small-scale production. The estimation of potential possibility of automatic small-scale production formation by means of estimation of efficiency and expediency technological processes of automation of key stages of design of production technological preparation, such as equipment selection, selection of cutting modes, workpiece, cutting and measuring tools and tooling selection is given. The key stages of technological process development are considered and characterized, such as selection of technological bases, type of workpiece and equipment, formation of route technological process, calculation of cutting modes, selection of allowances and so on. The paper shows both the relevance and necessity of analyzing approaches to automation and their correct adaptation to production needs to achieve maximum efficiency and resource savings for small batch production, and the high relevance for small-batch production of the automatic formation of route technological processes. At the same time, the paper shows the lack of automated systems adapted to the specifics of small-batch production. The existing approaches to the formation of stages are analyzed, as well as the possible methods of automation of stages and the existing limitations of these methods are considered, the efficiency of the considered approaches is evaluated. The methods of automation of separate stages of technological preparation of production are analyzed and the efficiency of the considered approaches is evaluated. The original concept of solving the problem of automation for small-scale production by using a combination of a limited number of standard solutions, represented as a set of technological parameters or knowledge base, with individual solutions, adapted to the specifics of enterprises and industry, is proposed and the potential effectiveness of this approach is shown.

Characterisation of the Performance of a Structured Light Digitising Sensor by Using Different Materials and Surface Finishes

The advantages of non-contact digitising systems over contact systems are undeniable. They allow capturing more information per unit of time with less accessibility problems and without alter the digitised surface. Although many of these systems have been developed with the aim of replacing contact systems in metrological verification tasks, generalist techniques such as photogrammetry, structured light, etc., have been developed over the years for digitising archaeological remains, works of art or living biological systems, among others. As is the case for non-contact measurement-oriented systems, for these generalist systems there are still difficulties in positioning them along a metrological traceability chain if they are required for any kind of measurement. This is due to the lack of specific standards, as well as the strong influence of the optical properties of the digitised surface on the quality of the results obtained. It is therefore necessary to develop calibration procedures and characterisation work to analyse this influence. The aim of this work is to characterise the metrological performance of one of these generalists structured light devices, Einscan-SP by Shining 3D, in the digitising of different calibration spheres made of different materials (WC, Al2O3, ZrO2, etc.) with different surface finishes (shot-blasted, polished, coated). As quality indicators, the number of points captured, the quality of the point cloud as well as the dimensional and geometrical deviation from the results obtained with a high-performance contact measurement system shall be used. Apart from the raw data, the influence of applying filtering to the captured clouds is analysed. The results of this work allow recommendations to be made regarding the material and finish of the spheres to be used, as well as the filtering to be applied, if necessary, in order to assess the metrological performance of this type of equipment.

Soft-Sensing Regression Model: From Sensor to Wafer Metrology Forecasting.

The semiconductor industry is one of the most technology-evolving and capital-intensive market sectors. Effective inspection and metrology are necessary to improve product yield, increase product quality and reduce costs. In recent years, many types of semiconductor manufacturing equipments have been equipped with sensors to facilitate real-time monitoring of the production processes. These production-state and equipment-state sensor data provide an opportunity to practice machine-learning technologies in various domains, such as anomaly/fault detection, maintenance scheduling, quality prediction, etc. In this work, we focus on the soft-sensing regression problem in metrology systems, which uses sensor data collected during wafer processing steps to predict impending inspection measurements that used to be measured in wafer inspection and metrology systems. We proposed a regressor based on Long Short-term Memory network and devised two distinct loss functions for the purpose of the training model. Although the assessment of our prediction errors by engineers is subjective, a novel piece-wise evaluation metric was introduced to evaluate model accuracy in a mathematical way. Our experimental results showcased that the proposed model is capable of achieving both accurate and early prediction across various types of inspections in complicated manufacturing processes.

The Principle of Human Electric Shock and Several Main Types of Electric Shock

In the modern production process and daily life, people use a lot of various types of electrical equipment. However, in the process of use due to the illegal operation of the operator, it will inevitably cause electric shock accidents. Study the principle of electric shock type and preventive measures are important. Through the in-depth study of electric shock, this paper analyzes the principle and different types of electric shock, and the harm of electric shock to human body. In the research, Multisim software is used to simulate the human body being electrocuted by lightning, and the specific value of the external resistance required to ensure the safety current of the human body is obtained through the experiment. The significance of this study is to increase the public's awareness and understanding of the problem of electric shock, and to provide the public with important information about the hazards of electric shock and preventive measures. At the same time, to improve the accuracy of the study and for the consideration of human safety, simulation software is chosen to study the experiment, which provides methods and ideas for further research on electric shock.

Object Detection and Distance Measurement Algorithm for Collision Avoidance of Precast Concrete Installation during Crane Lifting Process

In the construction industry, the process of carrying heavy loads from one location to another by means of a crane is inevitable. This reliance on cranes to carry heavy loads is more obvious when it comes to high-rise building construction. Depending on the conditions and requirements on-site, various types of construction lifting equipment (i.e., cranes) are being used. As off-site construction (OSC) is gaining more traction recently, cranes are becoming more important throughout the construction project as precast concrete (PC) members are major components of OSC calling for lifting work. As a result of the increased use of cranes on construction sites, concerns about construction safety as well as the effectiveness of existing load collision prevention systems are attracting more attention from various parties involved. Besides the inherent risks associated with heavy load lifting, the unpredictable movement of on-site workers around the crane operation area, along with the presence of blind spots that obstruct the crane operator’s field-of-view (FOV), further increase the accident probability during crane operation. As such, the need for a more reliable and improved collision avoidance system that prevents lifted loads from hitting other structures and workers is paramount. This study introduces the application of deep learning-based object detection and distance measurement sensors integrated in a complementary way to achieve the stated need. Specifically, the object detection technique was used with the application of an Internet Protocol (IP) camera to detect the workers within the crane operation radius, whereas ultrasonic sensors were used to measure the distance of surrounding obstacles. Both applications were designed to work concurrently so as to prevent potential collisions during crane lifting operations. The field testing and evaluation of the integrated system showed promising results.

Podcast resources in academic libraries: Audio lending technology and studio recording spaces in American research libraries

This paper aims to discover the prevalence of audio lending technology in American research libraries and to determine any prevailing trends in the specific kinds of equipment used by these institutions. The researcher looked at the website of every member of the Association of Research Libraries and recorded information about audio lending technology in five categories: podcasting kits, USB microphones, other microphones, digital voice recorders, and audio interfaces. Information about a podcast recording studio, both in the library and on the greater institution’s campus was also recorded. The results indicate a majority of American research libraries offer a recording space and lendable audio technologies. Digital voice recorders, USB microphones, and non-USB microphones are the most common types of equipment offered.